The New Mexico County Sheriff Handbook
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The NM EDGE (A Program of Cooperative Extension Service) with The NM Association of Counties Presents The New Mexico County Sheriff Handbook 2011 Edition THE NEW MEXICO COUNTY SHERIFF A Reference Handbook January 2011 Edition Revised by Grace Philips Tom Garcia Edited & Produced by The NM EDGE A Program of the NM Cooperative Extension Service New Mexico State University Mary C. DeLorenzo, CMP, Program Director Partial funding from the New Mexico Association of Counties Paul Gutierrez, Executive Director First Edition A New Vista for Sheriffs Professor Edward A. Farris 1967 First Revised Edition 1978 Second Revised Edition 1985 Third Revised Edition 1988 Fourth Revised Edition 1990 Fifth Revised Edition 1992 Sixth Revised Edition Bealquin Gomez Katy J. Bothum 2002 Seventh Revised Edition Andrew P. Bowen Lori G. Osborn 2006 Eighth Revised Edition Grace Philips Tom Garcia 2011 The NM EDGE Education Designed to Generate Excellence in the public sector A Program of Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 TABLE OF CONTENTS LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS ....................................................................................0 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 AMERICAN COUNTY GOVERNMENT.................................................... 3 County Government ............................................................................3 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................4 The Governing Body...........................................................................4 Functions of County Government .......................................................5 CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COUNTY AS A GOVERNMENTAL UNIT ................................................................ 6 English Development ..........................................................................6 Colonial Development ........................................................................6 The New Mexico County ....................................................................7 CHAPTER 3 COUNTY GOVERNMENT IN NEW MEXICO .......................................... 8 Organization of County Government..................................................8 Board of County Commissioners ........................................................8 County Assessor..................................................................................8 County Clerk .......................................................................................9 County Sheriff ...................................................................................10 County Surveyor ...............................................................................10 County Treasurer ..............................................................................10 Probate Judge ....................................................................................11 District Attorney ...............................................................................11 District Judge ....................................................................................11 Classification of Counties/Changes in County Boundaries ..............12 Removal of County Seat ...................................................................12 Salaries and Fees of County Officials ...............................................13 Legislative Intent-Uniform Salary Changes .....................................13 Per Diem and Mileage ......................................................................14 Powers and Limitation of Counties...................................................15 CHAPTER 4 THE OFFICE OF COUNTY SHERIFF .......................................................16 Qualifications of Office ....................................................................16 Term Requirements and Oath of Office............................................16 Training Requirements…………………………………..................17 Vacancy and Removal From Office ……………………………… 17 Exercising Powers After Removal from Office ................................18 Filling the Vacant Office ..................................................................18 Compensation and Fees ....................................................................18 Ethic Requirements ...........................................................................20 Moral Issues ......................................................................................21 CHAPTER 5 ORGANIZATION - MANAGEMENT OF A SHERIFF’S OFFICE .......... 22 Organization Considerations ............................................................ 22 Organizing the Sheriff’s Office ........................................................ 22 Law Enforcement Chain of Command ............................................ 23 Sheriff ................................................................................... 23 Under-Sheriff ....................................................................... 23 Major .................................................................................... 23 Captain ................................................................................. 23 Lieutenant ............................................................................. 24 Sergeant ................................................................................ 24 Corporal................................................................................ 24 Deputy .................................................................................. 24 Merit System for Hiring and Promotions ......................................... 25 The Posse Comitatus ........................................................................ 25 A Sheriff’s Reserve Forces .............................................................. 25 Basic Management Principles .......................................................... 26 CHAPTER 6 GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SHERIFF ......................... 28 Functions and Role of the Sheriff .................................................... 28 Specific Tasks .................................................................................. 29 Definition of Tasks ........................................................................... 29 Specialization ................................................................................... 31 The Criminal Function, Crime Prevention and Suppression ........... 32 Criminal Investigation ...................................................................... 32 The Custodial Function .................................................................... 32 The Custodial Procedure .................................................................. 33 Receiving a Prisoner ............................................................ 33 Classes of Prisoners ............................................................. 34 Property Control ................................................................... 35 Search of Prisoners ............................................................... 36 Medical Care ........................................................................ 37 Feeding Prisoners ................................................................. 37 Classification of Inmates ...................................................... 38 Weapons ............................................................................... 39 Keys ..................................................................................... 39 Tools ..................................................................................... 39 Records ................................................................................. 39 Adult Detention Standards ................................................................ 40 The Civil Function ........................................................................... 40 The Process .......................................................................... 40 The Summons ...................................................................... 41 Return of Service.................................................................. 41 Subpoenas ............................................................................ 42 Execution of Orders ............................................................. 42 Necessary Records ............................................................... 42 The Court Function .......................................................................... 43 CHAPTER 7 PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT - FUTURE TRENDS ......45 Professional Career Development.....................................................45 Technical Resources Available to the Sheriff ...................................47 Future Trends ....................................................................................48 APPENDICES A ................................Resources for County Sheriffs…………………….…… 52 B ................................List of New Mexico Statutes Annotated………………… 53 Liability for Deputy 68 Authority of Sheriff to Transport Prisoners 78 C ................................National Association of Counties Code of Ethics…… 79 D ................................Information Source for County Officials …………… 81 E ................................Criteria for Determining County Classification ……… 86 F