Anatomical Position and Directional Terms
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Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Technical Guidelines II. Elbow
European Society of MusculoSkeletal Radiology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Technical Guidelines II. Elbow Ian Beggs, UK Stefano Bianchi, Switzerland Angel Bueno, Spain Michel Cohen, France Michel Court-Payen, Denmark Andrew Grainger, UK Franz Kainberger, Austria Andrea Klauser, Austria Carlo Martinoli, Italy Eugene McNally, UK Philip J. O’Connor, UK Philippe Peetrons, Belgium Monique Reijnierse, The Netherlands Philipp Remplik, Germany Enzo Silvestri, Italy Elbow Note The systematic scanning technique described below is only theoretical, considering the fact that the examination of the elbow is, for the most, focused to one quadrant only of the joint based on clinical findings. 1 ANTERIOR ELBOW For examination of the anterior elbow, the patient is seated facing the examiner with the elbow in an extension position over the table. The patient is asked to extend the elbow and supinate the fore- arm. A slight bending of the patient’s body toward the examined side makes full supination and as- sessment of the anterior compartment easier. Full elbow extension can be obtained by placing a pillow under the joint. Transverse US images are first obtained by sweeping the probe from approximately 5cm above to 5cm below the trochlea-ulna joint, a Pr perpendicular to the humeral shaft. Cranial US images of the supracondylar region reveal the superficial biceps and the deep brachialis mu- Br scles. Alongside and medial to these muscles, follow the brachial artery and the median nerve: * the nerve lies medially to the artery. * Legend: a, brachial artery; arrow, median nerve; arrowheads, distal biceps tendon; asterisks, articular cartilage of the Humerus humeral trochlea; Br, brachialis muscle; Pr, pronator muscle 2 distal biceps tendon: technique The distal biceps tendon is examined while keeping the patient’s forearm in maximal supination to bring the tendon insertion on the radial tuberosity into view. -
Annual Meeting in Tulsa (Hosted by Elmus Beale) on June 11-15, 2019, We Were All Energized
37th ANNUAL Virtual Meeting 2020 June 15-19 President’s Report June 15-19, 2020 Virtual Meeting #AACA Strong Due to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, our 2020 annual AACA meeting in June 15-19 at Weill Cornell in New York City has been canceled. While this is disappointing on many levels, it was an obvious decision (a no brainer for this neurosurgeon) given the current situation and the need to be safe. These past few weeks have been stressful and uncertain for our society, but for all of us personally, professionally and collectively. Through adversity comes opportunity: how we choose to react to this challenge will determine our future. Coming away from the 36th Annual meeting in Tulsa (hosted by Elmus Beale) on June 11-15, 2019, we were all energized. An informative inaugural newsletter edited by Mohammed Khalil was launched in the summer. In the fall, Christina Lewis hosted a successful regional meeting (Augmented Approaches for Incorporating Clinical Anatomy into Education, Research, and Informed Therapeutic Management) with an excellent faculty and nearly 50 attendees at Samuel Merritt University in Oakland, CA. The midyear council meeting was coordinated to overlap with that regional meeting to show solidarity. During the following months, plans for the 2020 New York meeting were well in motion. COVID-19 then surfaced: first with its ripple effect and then its storm. Other societies’ meetings - including AAA and EB – were canceled and outreach to them was extended for them to attend our meeting later in the year. Unfortunately, we subsequently had to cancel the plans for NY. -
Hand, Elbow, Wrist Pain
Physical and Sports Therapy Hand, Elbow, Wrist Pain The hand is a wondrously complex structure of tiny bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons which work together to perform tasks. The wrist and elbow are stabilizing joints that support the steady use of the hand and provide attachment points for the muscles that control the hand and wrist. All three of these areas are prone to injury from overuse or trauma. Their complexity requires the skills of an expert for proper rehabilitation from injury. Some Hand, Wrist, and Elbow Issues Include: Tennis/Golfer’s Elbow: Tendonitis, or inflammation of the tendons, at the muscular attachments near the elbow. Symptoms typically include tenderness on the sides of the elbow, which increase with use of the wrist and hand, such as shaking hands or picking up a gallon of milk. Tendonitis responds well to therapy, using eccentric exercise, stretching, and various manual therapy techniques. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the Median Nerve at the hand/base of your wrist. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling of the first three fingers. The condition is well-known for waking people at night. Research supports the use of therapy, particularly in the early phase, for alleviation of the compression through stretching and activity modification. Research indicates that the longer symptoms are present before initiating treatment, the worse the outcome for therapy and surgical intervention due to underlying physiological changes of the nerve. What can Physical or Occupational therapy do for Hand, Wrist, or Elbow pain? Hand, wrist, and elbow injuries are commonly caused by trauma, such as a fall or overuse. -
Stretching and Positioning Regime for Upper Limb
Information for patients and visitors Stretching and Positioning Regime for Upper Limb Physiotherapy Department This leaflet has been designed to remind you of the exercises you Community & Therapy Services have been taught, the correct techniques and who to contact with any queries. For more information about our Trust and the services we provide please visit our website: www.nlg.nhs.uk Information for patients and visitors Muscle Tone Muscle tone is an unconscious low level contraction of your muscles while they are at rest. The purpose of this is to keep your muscles primed and ready to generate movement. Several neurological causes may change a person’s muscle tone to increase or decrease resulting in a lack of movement. Over time, a lack of movement can cause stiffness, pain, and spasticity. In severe cases this may also lead to contractures. Spasticity Spasticity can be defined as a tightening or stiffness of the muscle due to increased muscle tone. It can interfere with normal functioning. It can also greatly increase fatigue. However, exercise, properly done, is vital in managing spasticity. The following tips may prove helpful: • Avoid positions that make the spasticity worse • Daily stretching of muscles to their full length will help to manage the tightness of spasticity, and allow for optimal movement • Moving a tight muscle to a new position may result in an increase in spasticity. If this happens, allow a few minutes for the muscles to relax • When exercising, try to keep head straight • Sudden changes in spasticity may -
Bone Limb Upper
Shoulder Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) Scapula Acromioclavicular joint proximal end of Humerus Clavicle Sternoclavicular joint Bone: Upper limb - 1 Scapula Coracoid proc. 3 angles Superior Inferior Lateral 3 borders Lateral angle Medial Lateral Superior 2 surfaces 3 processes Posterior view: Acromion Right Scapula Spine Coracoid Bone: Upper limb - 2 Scapula 2 surfaces: Costal (Anterior), Posterior Posterior view: Costal (Anterior) view: Right Scapula Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 3 Scapula Glenoid cavity: Glenohumeral joint Lateral view: Infraglenoid tubercle Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle posterior anterior Bone: Upper limb - 4 Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps Anterior view: brachii Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 5 Scapula Infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps brachii Anterior view: Right Scapula (with biceps brachii removed) Bone: Upper limb - 6 Posterior surface of Scapula, Right Acromion; Spine; Spinoglenoid notch Suprspinatous fossa, Infraspinatous fossa Bone: Upper limb - 7 Costal (Anterior) surface of Scapula, Right Subscapular fossa: Shallow concave surface for subscapularis Bone: Upper limb - 8 Superior border Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Suprascapular nerve Posterior view: Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 9 Acromial Clavicle end Sternal end S-shaped Acromial end: smaller, oval facet Sternal end: larger,quadrangular facet, with manubrium, 1st rib Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Right Clavicle Bone: Upper limb - 10 Clavicle Conoid tubercle: inferior -
Appendix-A-Osteology-V-2.0.Pdf
EXPLORATIONS: AN OPEN INVITATION TO BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Editors: Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera and Lara Braff American Anthropological Association Arlington, VA 2019 Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. ISBN – 978-1-931303-63-7 www.explorations.americananthro.org Appendix A. Osteology Jason M. Organ, Ph.D., Indiana University School of Medicine Jessica N. Byram, Ph.D., Indiana University School of Medicine Learning Objectives • Identify anatomical position and anatomical planes, and use directional terms to describe relative positions of bones • Describe the gross structure and microstructure of bone as it relates to bone function • Describe types of bone formation and remodeling, and identify (by name) all of the bones of the human skeleton • Distinguish major bony features of the human skeleton like muscle attachment sites and passages for nerves and/or arteries and veins • Identify the bony features relevant to estimating age, sex, and ancestry in forensic and bioarchaeological contexts • Compare human and chimpanzee skeletal anatomy Anthropology is the study of people, and the skeleton is the framework of the person. So while all subdisciplines of anthropology study human behavior (culture, language, etc.) either presently or in the past, biological anthropology is the only subdiscipline that studies the human body specifically. And the fundamental core of the human (or any vertebrate) body is the skeleton. Osteology, or the study of bones, is central to biological anthropology because a solid foundation in osteology makes it possible to understand all sorts of aspects of how people have lived and evolved. -
Anatomical Terminology
Name ______________________________________ Anatomical Terminology 1 2 3 M P A 4 5 S U P E R I O R P X 6 A D S C E P H A L I C 7 G I S T E R N A L R A 8 9 10 D I S T A L E U M B I L I C A L 11 T L R C C B 12 T I E P R O X I M A L D 13 14 P A L M A R O R R O 15 16 L P T R A N S V E R S E D M 17 P I U C R A N I A L I 18 G L U T E A L C P A N 19 20 21 N A N T E C U B I T A L I A 22 D P E D A L R B N L 23 24 I C F D G L 25 C U I N F E R I O R O U U U B C M I M 26 L I F I I N B 27 28 A N T E B R A C H I A L N A A 29 30 R A O A L P A T E L L A R 31 L N L L N L 32 33 34 35 P C T L C T T A 36 37 F E M O R A L U P O L L A X E T L X L X S R R E V A T S I R I L A A O A 38 39 40 C E L I A C B U C C A L P L E U R A L Across Down 4. -
Anatomy Test 1
Anatomy Test #1 Terminology and General Stuff 2005-06 (a) Multiple Choice - Basic info 1. The study of human function is: a. Physiology b. Genealogy c. Anatomy d. None of these 2. Most terminology in this course is medical and: a. Means nothing b. is named for dead guys c. Is derived from Latin prefixes and suffixes Matching - General relative anatomical terminology A B 3. Superficial a. The main part 4. Inferior b. Secondary branches 5. Anterior c. Toward the feet 6. Peripheral d. Palm up, face up 7. Visceral e. Toward the front f. Farther from point of attachment g. Away from mid-line h. Toward an organ I. Close to point of attachment J. Toward the head k. Closer to the surface Modified True (T) and False (F) - If False, replace the highlighted word with one that that makes it a true statement. Make this correction in place of writing “F” or “False”. General anatomical terminology (anatomical directions) 8. The elbows are Proximal to the shoulders. 9. The shoulders are Superior to the shins. 10. The vertebral column (backbone) is Medial to the navel. 11. The teeth are Deep to the lips. 12. The heart is Medial to the lungs. 13. Your palms are prone when they are typing (like I am now) 14. Your feet are inferior to your ankles. Completion – Levels of Organization 15. Many cells of one type is a (an): 16. Many macromolecules make up a (an): 17. An organ system is comprised of many: Modified True (T) and False (F) - If False, replace the highlighted word with one that that makes it a true statement. -
An Approach to the Painful Upper Limb
An approach to the painful upper limb Pain in the upper limb is a common presenting complaint in the primary health care setting and the origins of such pain are wide and varied. E Mogere, MB ChB, MMed (Gen Surgery) Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town T Morgado, MB ChB, MRCS (Eng) Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town D Welsh, FRCS (Eng), FCS (SA) Neurosurgery Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town Correspondence to: E Mogere ([email protected]) The pain generator in the upper limb should to the shoulder, arm or hand, suggesting upper limb may require examination of the broadly be considered as: a local musculo-tendinous/skeletal cause.[1] eyes (to exclude Horner’s syndrome), an • spinal (radiculopathy or myeloradiculopa- Alternatively, the pain may radiate from assessment of neck movement, a vascular thy) the neck down into the limb, or from the assessment, breast and axilla palpation • peripheral nerve hand up towards the upper arm, suggesting and a neurological assessment of the lower • musculo-tendinous neurological origin. limbs. This is in addition to a thorough • skeletal (appendicular). neurological and orthopaedic assessment of The pattern of radiation may follow a the limb itself. The clinical approach dermatomal (radiculopathy) or non- The clinical findings are key to pinpointing dermatomal pattern (peripheral nerve or Neurological examination includes the pain source. non-neurological source). Pain radiation assessment of muscle power and bulk, does not preclude a non-neurological tendon reflexes and sensation. -
Human Anatomy and Physiology * Quick Reference Pacing Guide
Human Anatomy and Physiology * Quick Reference Pacing Guide 2019-2020 *Note: This document is meant to be a quick reference of the standards and performance objectives covered each nine weeks. For a complete description of the course, standards and detailed performance objectives, see the MS College and Career Readiness Standards for Science 1st Term: 8/7/19 - 10/11/19 2nd Term: 10/14/19 - 12/20/19 3rd Term: 1/6/20 - 3/6/20 4th Term: 3/1620-5/21/20 September 2 - Labor Day October 14 - PD Day January 6 - PD Day April 10, 13 - Easter Break Nov. 25-29 - Thanksgiving Break January 20 - MLK Jr Holiday May 22 - Last Teacher Work Day Dec. 23-Jan. 6 - ChristmasBreak February 17 - Holiday March 9 - 13 - Spring Break Science and Engineering Skeletal System Blood Urinary System Practices HAP.4.1 - Structure and function HAP.9.1 - Structure, function, and HAP.14.1 - Structure/function Introduction to Science HAP.4.2 - Bones and Skeletal origin of the cellular relation to homeostasis Lab Safety Types components/plasma HAP.14.2 - Filtration Tools of Science HAP.4.3 - Joints and Movement HAP.9.2 - ABO blood groups, HAP.14.3 - Urine Composition. HAP.4.4 - Ossification Antibodies, Donors/Recipient HAP.14.4 (Enrichment) - Conduct Introduction to Human Anatomy HAP.4.5 - Mechanisms for HAP.9.3 - Pathological conditions a urinalysis to compare the and Physiology homeostasis HAP.9.4 (Enrichment) - Use an composition of urine from various HAP.4.6 - Pathological conditions engineering design process to “patients.” Physiological HAP.4.7(Enrichment) - develop, develop effective treatments for HAP.14.5 - Develop and use Functions/Anatomical model, and test effective blood disorders models to illustrate the path of Structures treatments for bone disorders* *Common Assignment: Blood urine through the urinary tract. -
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Hand & Plastics Physiotherapy Department Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Information for patients This leaflet has been developed to answer any questions you may have regarding your recent diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome. What is the Cubital Tunnel? The cubital tunnel is made up of the bones in your elbow and the forearm muscles which run across the elbow joint. Your ulnar nerve passes through the tunnel to supply sensation to your fingers, and information to the muscles to help move your hand. What causes Cubital Tunnel Syndrome? Symptoms occur when the nerve becomes restricted by pressure within the tunnel. The reason is usually unknown, but possible causes can include: swelling of the lining of the tendons, joint dislocation, fractures or arthritis. Fluid retention during pregnancy can also sometimes cause swelling in the tunnel. Symptoms are made worse by keeping the elbow bent for long periods of time. What are the symptoms? Symptoms include numbness, tingling and/or pain in the arm, hand and/or fingers of the affected side. The symptoms are often felt during the night, but may be noticed during the day when the elbow is bent for long periods of time. You may have noticed a weaker grip, or clumsiness when using your hand. In severe cases sensation may be permanently lost, and some of the muscles in the hand and base of the little finger may reduce in size. page 2 Diagnosis A clinician may do a test such as tapping along the line of the nerve or bending your elbow to see if your symptoms are brought on. -
Anatomical Terminology, Skeletal System
Anatomical Terminology & Skeletal System DR JAMILA EL MEDANY OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the word “Anatomy” Enumerate the different anatomical fields Describe the anatomical position Describe different anatomical terms of position & movements as well different anatomical planes Classify bones according to shape, structure & development Enumerate bones of axial & appendicular skeleton ANATOMY (to Cut) The science which deals with the study of the structure and shape of the body & body parts, and their relationships to one another It is divided into: Gross Anatomy: Study of human body with naked eye Microscopic Anatomy (Histology): Study of fine structures (cells & tissues) of the human body with the help of microscope Developmental Anatomy ( Embryology) Radiological Anatomy Cross-sectional Anatomy Applied Anatomy Surgical Anatomy The Language of Anatomy (Anatomical Terminology) To prevent misunderstanding, a special set of terms are used to describe the identification and location of body structures To accurately describe body parts, the body is in a standard position called the Anatomical Position, in which: Body is erect Arms hanging by the side Palms facing forward Feet are parallel PLANES OF THE BODY To do a Section (cut) through the body wall or an organ, it is made along an Imaginary Line (PLANE). The body has Three Imaginary Planes (sections ) that lie at right angles to one another (in the anatomical position). 1. Median sagittal. 2. Coronal. 3.Horizontal (Transverse). MEDIAN (MidSagittal )PLANE It is a Vertical plane. It passes through the Center (Midline) of the body. It divides the body into Right and Left halves.