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Tese Versão Final Lucas.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL LUCAS RAMOS COSTA LIMA TAXONOMIA DE EPHEMEROPTERA (INSECTA) DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, COM ANÁLISE FILOGENÉTICA E BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE Brasilocaenis PUTHZ, 1975 (CAENIDAE) Recife 2015 LUCAS RAMOS COSTA LIMA TAXONOMIA DE EPHEMEROPTERA (INSECTA) DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, COM ANÁLISE FILOGENÉTICA E BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE Brasilocaenis PUTHZ, 1975 (CAENIDAE) Tese apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Zoologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Frederico Falcão Salles Recife 2015 Catalogação na fonte Elaine Barroso CRB 1728 Lima, Lucas Ramos Costa Taxonomia de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Estado de Pernambuco, com análise filogenética e biogeográfica de Brasilocaenis Puthz, 1975 (CAENIDAE)/ Lucas Ramos Costa Lima– Recife: O Autor, 2015. 166 folhas : il., fig., tab. Orientador: Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro Coorientador: Frederico Falcão Salles Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia Animal, 2015. Inclui bibliografia 1. Efemérida 2. Taxonomia 3. Filogenia I. Pinheiro, Ulisses dos Santos (orie ntador) II. Salle s, Frede rico Falcão (co orientador) III. Título 595.734 CDD (22.e d.) UFPE/CCB-2015-118 LUCAS RAMOS COSTA LIMA TAXONOMIA DE EPHEMEROPTERA (INSECTA) DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, COM ANÁLISE FILOGENÉTICA E BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE Brasilocaenis PUTHZ, 1975 (CAENIDAE) Defendida em: 26/02/2015 B ANCA EXAMINADORA: ______ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _ Prof. Dr. Elidiomar Ribeiro da Silva/UFRJ ___ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ Prof. Dr. Gilberto Gonçalves Rodrigues/UFPE ___ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ Prof. Dr. Luciana Iannuzzi/UFPE ___ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ Prof. Dr. Leandro Manzoni Vieira/UFPE ___ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ __ _____ Prof. Dr. Marcio Bernardino da Silva/UFPB AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer a Deus pela força e sabedoria. À minha família pelo apoio, carinho e incentivo, com os quais obtenho força e coragem para sempre seguir em frente. À minha filha Ana Luísa, por ser minha força motriz durante todos esses anos. Mesmo estando separados centenas de quilômetros, seu amor incondicional e curiosidade pelo que faço, me manteve firme e confiante nessa jornada. À CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) pela bolsa concedida, e a FACEPE (Fundação de Apoio a Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco) e CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) por parte do auxílio financeiro. Aos colegas do LABPOR (Laboratório de Porifera) pelos momentos prazerosos de trabalho em equipe e companheirismo. Parte desse trabalho não poderia ter acontecido sem a participação desse carinhoso grupo de pessoas e amigos, ao longo de quase seis anos de convivência e trocas de experiência. Dessa grande família gostaria de agradecer especialme nte Abigail, Adélia, Celina, Dani “agregada”, Fernando, George “Bal”, Gilberto, Helcy, Joana, Jorge, Juliana, Lydia, Ludimila, Radharanne, Thaynã, Wagner “Mantodea”, e todos os demais da antiga e nova geração de labporianos. Ao meu orientador Ulisses, amigo, irmão e “PAI”, pela oportunidade dada a mim a quase dez anos atrás, ainda nos tempos de graduação, por depositar em mim uma grande confiança e por acreditar no meu potencial (mesmo quando nem eu mesmo acreditava). Por suas críticas positivas (esporros) e conselhos dados nos momentos certos, o que contribuiu enormemente na minha vida profissional. Ao meu co-orientador, Fred, grande amigo e “sensei”, por seus ensinamentos sobre a taxonomia de insetos aquáticos e por me empolgar com as descobertas dessa fascinante área da ciência. Sou eternamente grato pela oportunidade de trabalhar e compartilhar com esse grande exemplo de profissional. A ele minha eterna admiração. Aos amigos, dessa minha longa caminhada no CCB e anexos: Fabio, Iris, Janaína, Julliana, Larissa, Rafael, Rama, Renato, Rodrigo, entre outros. Sou eternamente grato pela ajuda nas coletas, pelo companheirismo e conversas ao longo desse tempo. Também gostaria de agradecer ao ex-colega e amigo Arthur, por sua amizade e ajuda providencial, ao longo de quase seis anos. Gostaria de agradecer aos amigos de outros estados que de certa forma contribuíram para que esse trabalho fosse possível. Os grandes amigos Jeane, Paulo e Rafael, pelo apoio e sugestões na etapa final desse trabalho. Os colegas do LABSEI (Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Insetos) Evandro, Fabiana, Kamila, Karina, Erikcsen e Luis, pela agradável companhia durante minhas curtas visitas; e principalmente a “pequena” Paula, por sua grande colaboração na permuta material e pela ajuda nas identificações de Leptohyphidae. Aos amigos do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi e do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFPA, principalmente à Yulie e a Mylena pela ajuda nas coletas de exemplares e pela ótima companhia na minha curta estadia por lá. E também aos amigos Loyana e Willian do Laboratório de Zoologia da UNEB (Barreiras-BA), pela companhia e parceria na obtenção de exemplares no Oeste da Bahia. Queria aproveitar e reservar esse parágrafo para agradecer aos amigos e mestres do Museo Miguel Lillo. Primeiramente, ao grande amigo e exemplo de humildade e simplicidade, o Dr. “Carlitos” Molineri, por permitir meu intercâmbio no Instituto de Biodiversida d Neotropical e compartilhar seu vasto conhecimento em Biogeografia e Sistemática de efemerópteros neotropicais, além das aulas de “castellano”. Ao Dr. Eduardo Domínguez e sua esposa, a Dra Gabriela Cuezzo, pela amizade, dedicação e hospitalidade, qualidades das quais jamais esquecerei, e também a simpática Dra Carolina Nieto por aceitar dividir o seu pequeno gabinete comigo e pela sua atenciosa companhia. Não poderia deixar de falar da dos colegas de laboratório do Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical, os “chicos” Daniel, Guillermo e Jose, pelas boas conversas e partidas de futebol, e as “chicas” Ana, Celina, Eva e Paola pela simpatia e excelente companhia. Também não poderia esquecer da agradável companhia e passeios turísticos com Emilia, Cármen, Marcela, Mariana, Monica e Ximena. Ao Dr. Peter Malzacher, pela sua grande contribuição com o envio de exemplares de Caenidae de sua coleção pessoal e também pelas nossas discussões sobre a taxonomia e sistemática desse grupo. Ao Dr. Rodolfo Mariano, por me receber me ceder exemplares de vários estados do Brasil. E ao Dr. Luke Jacobus do Purdue University (Indiana, USA) pela parceria e contribuição em artigos da tese. Ao Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováve is (IBAMA) e ao Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) por emitir as autorizações para coleta de material entomológico, e aos gestores e funcionários das reservas biológicas de Saltinho e Pedra Talhada, pela infraestrutura fornecida e auxílio prestados durante minhas expedições. Ao CIME – Centro de Imagenes y Microscopia Electronica, CONICET, (Tucumán) pelas imagens micrografias eletrônicas de varredura. Aos amigos de republicas, pelo companheirismo e cumplicidade, desses que foram meu porto seguro nos momentos difíceis, ao longo desses quatro anos, em Recife. Sendo assim, meus sinceros agradecimentos a Bal, Gil, Gustavo, Jabulani, Leo, Luciana e Renato, por terem aguentado minhas chatices e “excentricidades”, mas também por terem feito parte de momentos maravilhosos e inesquecíveis. À Aurenice, Bela e Dani “viral”, pelas boas prosas e companhia no Departamento de Zoologia, tornando as rápidas visitas a secretaria sempre animadas. Aos novíssimos amigos, Cintia, Gabriela, Hermeson, Rebeca e Tatiana, os quais tive o prazer de conhecer na reta final da elaboração dessa tese. O apoio, a companhia e o incentivo de cada um deles, ao longo desses últimos seis meses, foram motivos a mais para a conclusã o desse trabalho. À Universidade Federal de Pernambuco pela infraestrutura e recursos oferecidos para a realização e conclusão deste trabalho, e também à coordenação de pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, através do Dr. André Esteves, por toda a atenção e auxílio. Por fim, meu eterno agradecimento aos amigos, os colegas e os familiares, que não foram mencionados, que diretamente ou indiretamente, contribuíram para que esse trabalho fosse possível. “Tradicionalmente, alguém se torna biólogo ou por formação na área médica ou por ter sido um jovem naturalista. Hoje, é comum para um jovem se empo lgar com as ciências da vida através dos meios de comun icação, sobretudo por filmes sobre a na tureza na televisão, de visitas a um museu, (geralmente à sala dos dinossauros) ou de um professor inspirador. Há também milhares de jovens ob servadores de pássaros, alguns do s quais acabarão se tornando biólogos profissionais (como foi o meu caso). O ingrediente mais impo rtante é a fascinação diante das maravilhas das criaturas vivas. E isso permanece com a maioria dos biólogos para o resto da vida. Eles nu nca perdem a empo lgação com a descoberta científica, seja ela empírica ou teórica, nem o amor pela perseguição de novas ideias, no vos vislumbres, novos organismos. E muita coisa na biologia tem uma relação direta com as circunstâncias e com os valores pessoais do biólogo. Ser um biólogo não significa ter um emprego; significa escolher um estilo de vida.” Ernst Mayr – Isto é biologia: a ciência do mundo
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