DOCSLIB.ORG

The Fort on the First Bill In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Fort on the First Bill In “THE FORT ON THE FIRST BILL IN DORCBESTER? ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION§ OF COLONEL GRIDLEU’S Rl%‘OLUTIONARU WAR STAR FORT AT DORCHESTER FIEIGETS, BOSTON NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, SOUTH EOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS National Park Service - Denver Service Center Resource Planning Group Applied Archeology Center 1998 a I I I I I I a I I I I I I Cover: ThomasPark in the 1930s. The Peabodyand Stearnsmonument and the radial walkways that mark the salientsof the sta.rfort are shown. The high school (foreground)is at the location of the former SouthBoston Reservoir. United States Department of the Interior NATIOA’AL PARK SERVICE DSC-Resource “laming Group Applied Archeology Center 12200-A Plum Orchard Drive H30!5 @SC-RP) Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 BOST-157-43 Memorandum To: Regional Director, Northeast RegionalOffice From: Project Manager, Denver Service Center Reference: Boston National Historic Park, Package157, RehabilitateDorchester Heights, Project Type 43 Subject: Transmittal of Final Archeological Report The final report, “The Fort on the First Hill in Dorchester:” Archeological Investigations of Colonel Grid& ‘s Revolutionary War Star Fort at Dorchester Heights, Boston National National Historic Site, South Boston, Massachusens,by Drs. James W. Mueller, Steven R. Pendery and William A. Griswold is hereby transmitted for your library. The Applied Archeology Center completed the archeology and collaborated nicely with the Northeast Cultural ResourcesCenter during the field and reporting phasesof the project. The artifact collection has been returnedto the Navy Yard. The requestedCommonwealth of Massachusettssite form is attachedwith one specially identified copy of the report being shipped to the park. This special copy with the site form should be forwarded to the State Historic Preservation Office. This distribution of the final report completes all compliance requirements for this archeological project. Please direct any questions or comments to Jim Mueller of the Denver Service Center via cc:mail or at (301) 344-6260. I Attachment cc: (w/att.) S.I. Libraries Exchange, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC 20560 Gifts and Exchange Division, Library of Congress,Washington, DC 20240 Archivist of the U.S., National Archives and Record System, Washington, DC 20408 Department of the Interior Library, Gifts and ExchangeSection, 18” and C Streets, N.W. Washington, DC 20408 bee: Manager, Harpers Ferry Center/Library (w/z@ Manager, Northeast Cultural ResourcesCenter/Library (w/att) Chief, Archeology Branch, Northeast Cultural ResourcesCenter (w/3 att) Archeologist Griswold, Northeast Cultural ResourcesCenter (w/3 att) Superintendent,Boston National Historic Park/Libray) (w/a@ Compliance Specialist, Boston National Historic Park (w/22 att) DSC-RPA-Mueller (w/3 att) DSC-RPA-Files (3. 1 w/2tt.! DSC-PGT-Libra&(w/att) ‘s filL;t~ fim dsr Jmueller:slp: 12/15/98:301/344-626O:finalrptrawdor “THE FORT ON THJ3 FIRST HILL IN DORCHESTER:” ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF COLONEL GRIDLEY’S REVOLUTIONARY WAR STAR FORT AT DORCHESTER HEIGHTS, BOSTON NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK, SOUTH BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 1 by JamesW. Mueller, StevenR. Pendery,and William A. Griswold I National Park Service I I ConstructionPackage I BOST 157 U.S. Departmentof the Interior National Park Service I Applied ArcheologyCenter 12,200Plum OrchardDrive Silver Spring, Maryland 20901 1998 I ABSTRACT Backgroundstudies and field testingresulted in the discoveryof parts of a star fort that was built on DorchesterHeights in May 1776. The work was doneas part of the Section106 compliancefor improvementsto the groundsand monumentof DorchesterHeights, a unit of BostonNational Historic Park, in SouthBoston, Massachusetts. The archeologywas primarily doneby the National Park Service authors on National Park Service property. Background studies were done intermittentlybeginning in 1990,while one seasonof fieldwork was doneeach year between1994 and 1996. This fort is unique in the region and rare in the United Statesbecause it is a RevolutionaryWar, earthenfort with masonrybridge abutments and powder house. The excavationswere conductedin the undisturbedportions of the ditch, the entranceway,and the powder magazine.The lower half of the ditch asit hadbeen dug into the nativeglacial drumlin was still intact with portionsof a drainagecunette and a bunqzmte-likestep preserved at the baseof the ditch. The ditch was filed, probablyin 1852,when the first gradingfor ThomasPark was done, with imported loam, rather than with the hypothesizeddrumlin matrix from the parapets.Except for the gatearea, the ditch ffl containedno military artifactsand contained very few artifactsof any kind. The ditch floor was found very closeto the elevationpredicted from a study of 200 yearsof historic drawingsand maps.The shapeof the ditch floor and floor featuresare presumedto dateto 1776in the absenceof contradictoryevidence for 1812modifications. Original, 1776parts, as welt asmodifications fort the War of 1812,of the entrancewayand powder magazinewere uncovered. The entrancewayconsisted of the original, 1776 masonry bridge abutmentsfor crossingthe ditch at the south-facingarm of the western salient. Possibly,a horizontalretractable bridge may havebeen used by soldiersto crossthe ditch with their cannons and equipment. The abutmentincluded part of the original, 1776 dram that is thoughtto have carried surfacewater from the paradeground into the ditch. This drainagewas disturbedseveral times to repair the undergroundbracing system for the gate that was probably locatedalong the centerlineof the parapetsand in line with the bridge crossing. The gate probablyconsisted of a double-doorhung from verticaljambs that were supportedby an undergroundsill threshold.The entrancewayis located~10s: to whereit was shownon a 1776drawing of the fort-on the somewhat protectedsouth side of the fort, away from Bostonand its harbor. The mortared,fieldstone foundation with supportingfloor partitionsand drainsof the 1776powder magazinewere encountered.The magazinewas small, but proportionalto the sizeof the fort, and locatedunderground, perhaps seven feet beneaththe paradelevel of the north salient.Brick rubble suggestinga brick superstructurewas foundintramurally in the foundation.The magazinehad been repairedor re-built in 1814when the Britishthreat during the War of 1812increased; other repairs between1776 and 1814are possible.The locationof the magazineunder the exposednorth salient on the Boston,harbor-side of the fort is surprising.Fragments of an officer’s epauletwere foundin the rubble betweenthe foundationwalls and, exceptfor musketballs from the ditch at the gate, comprisethe only military artifactsfound duringthree field seasons. ACKNOVVL,EDGEMENTS The authorsappreciate the assistanceof the staff of the BostonNational Historical Park includmg SuperintendentJohn Burchill, AssistantSuperintendent Peter Steele, Preservation Specialist Stephen Carlson, and Chief of MaintenanceDavid Rose and Marcy Eeitel. We also thank DSC project COTRs JamesDoherty and JackHighland, as well as DSC job captainRandy Copelandand Park PlannerRuth Raphealfor their cooperationin the early stagesof planningand design. At the NortheastCultural ResourcesCenter, Nancy Pendleton,Mary Troy, and Robin Maloney made valuablecontributions to our work. We also owe the successof this project to the assistanceof projectvolunteers Marley R. Brown, JR, Marley R. Brown, N, DianeGiglia, Nancy Osgood,and Roger Heinen.Finally, the daily contributionsof Mr. ThomasGlover, a neighborliving acrossthe streetfrom the monument,worked tirelessly every singleday and madean immensecontribution to our work. His delightin recountinghistory to visitorswill alwaysbe rememberedand appreciated. The inspiredparticipation of anotherneighbor, 12-year-oldChristopher Cazenave, who had no previousarcheological experience, will alwaysbe treasured.Finally, the authorsare glad to part of the team that brought the improvedPark, symbol of the South Boston’shistorical role, to the citizensof the DorchesterHeights neighborhoods. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii . TABLE OF CON’IEA’TS Ill I LIST OF FIGURES Y I LIST OFPHOTOGRAPHS Vii LIST OF TABLES Vii I CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION The Project Ii The Environment Reader’sGuide to the Report I CHAPTER 2. THROUGH THE YEARS 6 Native AmericanSettlement 6 FortificationTheory--The European Prologue 7 - FortificationPraxis--The Regional Prologue 9 Prologueto the 1776Fortifications 11 I Prologueto the 1814Fortifications 14 CHAPTER 3. ON DORCHESTER HEIGHTS 17 Linear Fortification--TheMarch 1776Chandeliers 17 I Point Fortification--TheMay 1776Star Fort 20 The War of 1812Improvements 23 PublicRecreation and Linden/ThomasPark 25 I The Peabodyand Steams Monument 26 TwentiethCentury Commemoration 28 I CHAPTER 4. PRIOR TO EXCAVATION 29 PreviousField Studies 29 TopographicAnalysis 30 I The PredictedMorphology of the Fort 32 Pre-excavationStratigraphy 34 I ResearchObjectives 34 I ..,.I. 111 P I Tableof Contents(continued) CHAPTER 5. METHODOLOGY AND NON-FORT EXCAVATIONS 37 The Strategy 37 The Tactics 41 The Resultsof TestUnits 2 and3 42 Summary 44 CHAPTER 6. THE DITCH EXCAVATIONS 45 The North Salient--TestUnit 8 and Extensions 45 The NorthwestSalient--Trenches 1,8,9 andTest Unit 1 46 The West Salient--Trench2 andTest Unit 4 52 The SouthSalient--Test Units 10,7, and5 55 The SoutheastSalient--Test Unit 11 59 The Artifact Collection 59 Summary 65 CHAPTIB 7. THE GATE EXCAVATIONS 69 The ScarpAbutment, Drain, andGate Features--Trenches 3-6 andTest Unit 6 69 The CounterscarpAbutment--Trench
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "Smackdown on the Hudson" the Patroon, the West India Company, and the Founding of Albany
    "Smackdown on the Hudson" The Patroon, the West India Company, and the Founding of Albany Lesson Procedures Essential question: How was the colony of New Netherland ruled by the Dutch West India Company and the patroons? Grade 7 Content Understandings, New York State Standards: Social Studies Standards This lesson covers European Exploration and Colonization of the Americas and Life in Colonial Communities, focusing on settlement patterns and political life in New Netherland. By studying the conflict between the Petrus Stuyvesant and the Brant van Slichtenhorst, students will consider the sources of historic documents and evaluate their reliability. Common Core Standards: Reading Standards By analyzing historic documents, students will develop essential reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. They will read and analyze informational texts and draw inferences from those texts. Students will explain what happened and why based on information from the readings. Additionally, as a class, students will discuss general academic and domain- specific words or phrases relevant to the unit. Speaking and Listening Standards Students will engage in group and teacher-led collaborative discussions, using textual evidence to pose hypotheses and respond to specific questions. They will also report to the class on their group’s assigned topic, explaining their ideas, analyses, and observations and citing reasons and evidence to support their claims. New Netherland Institute New Netherland Research Center "Smackdown on the Hudson" 2 Writing Standards To conclude this lesson, students write a letter to the editor of the Rensselaerwijck Times that draws evidence from informational texts and supports claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Historical Context: In 1614, soon after the founding of the New Netherland Company (predecessor to the West India Company, est.
    [Show full text]
  • A-Brief-History-Of-The-Mohican-Nation
    wig d r r ksc i i caln sr v a ar ; ny s' k , a u A Evict t:k A Mitfsorgo 4 oiwcan V 5to cLk rid;Mc-u n,5 3 ss l Y gew y » w a. 3 k lz x OWE u, 9g z ca , Z 1 9 A J i NEI x i c x Rat 44MMA Y t6 manY 1 YryS y Y s 4 INK S W6 a r sue`+ r1i 3 My personal thanks gc'lo thc, f'al ca ° iaag, t(")mcilal a r of the Stockbridge-IMtarasee historical C;orrunittee for their comments and suggestions to iatataraare tlac=laistcatic: aal aac c aracy of this brief' history of our people ta°a Raa la€' t "din as for her c<arefaal editing of this text to Jeff vcic.'of, the rlohican ?'yews, otar nation s newspaper 0 to Chad Miller c d tlac" Land Resource aM anaagenient Office for preparing the map Dorothy Davids, Chair Stockbridge -Munsee Historical Committee Tke Muk-con-oLke-ne- rfie People of the Waters that Are Never Still have a rich and illustrious history which has been retrained through oral tradition and the written word, Our many moves frorn the East to Wisconsin left Many Trails to retrace in search of our history. Maanv'rrails is air original design created and designed by Edwin Martin, a Mohican Indian, symbol- izing endurance, strength and hope. From a long suffering proud and deternuned people. e' aw rtaftv f h s is an aatathCutic basket painting by Stockbridge Mohican/ basket weavers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of the Enosburg Area, Vermont
    THE GEOLOGY OF THE ENOSBURG AREA, VERMONT By JOlIN G. DENNIS VERMONT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. DOLL, State Geologist Published by VERMONT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT MONTPELIER, VERMONT BULLETIN No. 23 1964 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 7 INTRODUCTION ...................... 7 Location ........................ 7 Geologic Setting .................... 9 Previous Work ..................... 10 Method of Study .................... 10 Acknowledgments .................... 10 Physiography ...................... 11 STRATIGRAPHY ...................... 12 Introduction ...................... 12 Pinnacle Formation ................... 14 Name and Distribution ................ 14 Graywacke ...................... 14 Underhill Facics ................... 16 Tibbit Hill Volcanics ................. 16 Age......................... 19 Underhill Formation ................... 19 Name and Distribution ................ 19 Fairfield Pond Member ................ 20 White Brook Member ................. 21 West Sutton Slate ................... 22 Bonsecours Facies ................... 23 Greenstones ..................... 24 Stratigraphic Relations of the Greenstones ........ 25 Cheshire Formation ................... 26 Name and Distribution ................ 26 Lithology ...................... 26 Age......................... 27 Bridgeman Hill Formation ................ 28 Name and Distribution ................ 28 Dunham Dolomite .................. 28 Rice Hill Member ................... 29 Oak Hill Slate (Parker Slate) .............. 29 Rugg Brook Dolomite (Scottsmore
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Study Guide
    Historical Study Guide Light A Candle Films presents “THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL” Historical Study Guide written by Tony Malanowski To be used with the DVD production of THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL The Battle of Bunker Hill Historical Study Guide First, screen the 60-minute DocuDrama of THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, and the 30 minute Historical Perspective. Then, have your Discussion Leader read through the following historical points and share your ideas about the people, the timeframe and the British and Colonial strategies! “Stand firm in your Faith, men of New England” “The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance, or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or die.” - George Washington, August 27, 1776 When General Thomas Gage, the British military governor of Boston, sent one thousand troops to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock at Lexington in April of 1775, he could not know the serious implications of his actions. Nor could he know how he had helped to set in motion a major rebellion that would shake the very foundations of the mightiest Empire on earth. General Gage was a military man who had been in North America since the 1750s, and had more experience than any other senior British officer. He had fought in the French and Indian War alongside a young George Washington, with whom he still had a friendly relationship. Gage had married an American woman from a prominent New Jersey family, and 10 of their 11 children had been born in the Colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: Changing the Balance of Power
    Volume 39 Issue 3 Article 1 1994 Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: Changing the Balance of Power Katharine F. Nelson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Katharine F. Nelson, Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: Changing the Balance of Power, 39 Vill. L. Rev. 525 (1994). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol39/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Villanova Law Review by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Nelson: Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: VILLANOVA LAW REVIEW VOLUME 39 1994 NUMBER 3 RESOLVING NATIVE AMERICAN LAND CLAIMS AND THE ELEVENTH AMENDMENT: CHANGING THE BALANCE OF POWER KATHARINE F. NELSON* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................... 526 II. INDIAN TITLE AND THE NONINTERCOURSE ACT ........... 530 III. THE HISTORY OF TRIBAL ACCESS TO THE FEDERAL COURTS ................................................... 533 A. Before Oneida I and II. ....................... 533 B. O neida I .......................................... 542 C. O neida II ......................................... 543 IV. NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENTS ............................... 546 A. Land Claims ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Halifax Citadel
    THE HALIFAX CITADEL National Historic Park Halifax, Nova Scotia Issued under the authority of the Honourable Arthur Laing, P.C., M.P., B.S.A., Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources HALIFAX CITADEL NOVA SCOTIA THE HALIFAX CITADEL Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax was founded in 1749 to provide a base for the British Navy and Army and a springboard for attack on the French at Louisbourg and Quebec, because the final contest between France and England for possession of the North American continent was clearly approaching. Citadel Hill was always the innermost keep and chief land defence of the Halifax Fortress. Four forts were built, at different periods, on its summit. The first was part of a wooden palisade around the young settlement, designed to protect the settlers from Indians. The second was built at the time of the American Revolution and was intended as a stronghold and base against the rebels. The third was built while Napoleon Bonaparte was trying to conquer the world, and this one was later repaired for the War of 1812 with the United States. Because of the latter war, Britain knew she must have a permanent fortress here as Atlantic base in time of peril, and so the fourth, the present one, was constructed. Not one of these forts was ever called upon to resist invasion. No shot was ever fired against them in anger. However, it is safe to say that they had served their purpose merely by existing. The First Citadel When the Honourable Edward Cornwallis arrived at Chebucto Harbour on June 21, 1749, accompanied by more than 2,500 settlers, one of his first thoughts was to secure the settlement from attacks by marauding Indians, ever ready to molest the British during periods of nominal peace between England and France.
    [Show full text]
  • The Systematic Identification and Articulation of Content Standards and Benchmarks. Update. INSTITUTION Mid-Continent Regional Educational Lab., Aurora, CO
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 403 308 TM 026 040 AUTHOR Kendall, John S.; Marzano, Robert J. TITLE The Systematic Identification and Articulation of Content Standards and Benchmarks. Update. INSTITUTION Mid-Continent Regional Educational Lab., Aurora, CO. SPONS AGENCY Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE Mar 95 CONTRACT RP91002005 NOTE 598p. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF03/PC24 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Art; *Course Content; *Educational Improvement; Elementary Secondary Education; Geography Instruction; Health Education; History Instruction; *Identification; Language Arts; Mathematics Education; Science Education; *Standards; Thinking Skills IDENTIFIERS *Benchmarking; *Subject Content Knowledge ABSTRACT The project described in this paper addresses the major issues surrounding content standards, provides a model for their identification, and applies this model to identify standards and benchmarks in subject areas. This update includes a revision of content standards and benchmarks published in, earlier updates and the synthesis and identification of standards in new areas. Standards and benchmarks are provided for science, mathematics, history, geography, the arts, the language arts, and health. Also included are standards in thinking and reasoning and an analysis and description of knowledge and skills considered important for the workplace. Following an introduction, the second section presents an overview of the current efforts towards standards in each of these subject areas. Section 3 describes the technical and conceptual differences that have been apparent in the standards movement and the model adopted for this study. Section 4 presents key questions that should be addressed by schools and districts interested in a standards-based strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Hill and Upland Farming in the North of England
    M4te1.174; Fi tirgy:CDATION OF AGRICULTURAtcEcoNom ICS SEP • HILL AND UPLAND FARMING IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND S. ROBSON and D. C. JOHNSON Agricultural Enterprise Studies in England and Wales Economic Report No. 54 MAY 1977 — Price f1-50 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS HILL AND UPLAND FARMING IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 1973/74 and 1974/75. A two year review_ of financial and other results for an identical sample of 53 farms in the Hills and Uplands of Northern England, with results 'relating to the main enterprises on the farms. - The review also includes a comparison of certain data for the years 1973/74 to 1975//6. AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE STUDIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES. University Departments of Agricultural Economics in England and Wales have for many years undertaken economic studies of crop and livestock enterprises, receiving financial and techr4cal support for this work from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. •The departments in different regions of the country conduct joint studies into those enterprises in which they have a particular interest. This community of interest is recognised by issuing enterprise reports prepared and published by individual departments in a common series entitled "Agricultural Enterprise Studies". Titles of recent publications in this series and the addresses of the Univprsity Departments are given at the end of this report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This report is based on financial and other data made available to the Agricultural Economics Department of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne by farmers who co-operated in the Farm Management Survey. The department takes this opportunity of thanking these _farmers for their willing co-operation and for providing the additional information required for the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Gentrification of Codman Square Neighborhood: Fact Or Fiction?
    fi ti n of Codman Square Neighborhood: Fact or Fiction? Gentri ca o Challenges and Opportunities for Residential and Economic Diversity of a Boston Neighborhood A Study of Neighborhood Transformation and Potential Impact on Residential Stability A A Publication of Codman Square Neighborhood Development Corporation 587 Washington Street Dorchester Boston MA 02124 Executive Director: Gail Latimore Gentrification Blues I woke up this morning, I looked next door — There was one family living where there once were four. I got the gentrifi-, gentrification blues. I wonder where my neighbors went ‘cause I Know I’ll soon be moving there too. Verse from the song ‘Gentrification Blues’ by Judith Levine and Laura Liben, Broadside (Magazine), August, 1985, issue #165 Report Credits: Principal Researcher and Consultant: Eswaran Selvarajah (Including graphics & images) Contributor: Vidhee Garg, Program Manager, CSNDC (Sec. 6 - HMDA Analysis & Sec. 7 - Interviews with the displaced) Published on: July 31, 2014 Contact Information Codman Square Neighborhood Development Corporation 587 Washington Street Dorchester MA 02124 Telephone: 617 825 4224 FAX: 617 825 0893 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.csndc.com Executive Director: Gail Latimore [email protected] Gentrification of Codman Square: Fact or Fiction? Challenges and Opportunities for Residential and Economic Diversity of a Boston Neighborhood A Study of Neighborhood Transformation and Potential Impact on Residential Stability A Publication of Codman Square Neighborhood Development Corporation 587 Washington Street Dorchester Boston MA 02124 Executive Director: Gail Latimore Codman Square, Dorchester ii CONTENTS Abbreviations Acknowledgments Executive Summary Introduction 1 1. Context: Studying Neighborhood Change and Housing Displacement 4 2. Gentrification: Regional and Local Factors Behind the Phenomenon 8 3.
    [Show full text]
  • What Actually Happened on the Midnight Ride?
    Revere House Radio Episode 4 Revisit the Ride: What Actually Happened on the Midnight Ride? Welcome in to another episode of Revere House Radio, Midnight Ride Edition. I am your host Robert Shimp, and we appreciate you listening in as we continue to investigate different facets of Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride leading up to Patriots Day in Boston on Monday April 20. Today, April 18, we will commemorate Paul Revere’s ride, which happened 245 years ago today, by answering the question of what actually happened that night? Previously, we have discussed the fact that he was a known and trusted rider for the Sons of Liberty, and that he did not shout “The British Are Coming!” along his route, but rather stopped at houses along the way and said something to the effect of: “the regulars are coming out.” With these points established, we can get into the nuts and bolts of the evening- how did the night unfold for Paul Revere? As we discussed on Thursday, Paul Revere and Dr. Joseph Warren had known for some time that a major action from the British regulars was in the offing at some point in April 1775- and on April 18, Revere and Warren’s surveillance system of the British regulars paid off. Knowing an action was imminent, Warren called Revere to his house that night to give him his orders- which in Paul Revere’s recollections- were to alert John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the soldiers would be marching to the Lexington area in a likely attempt to seize them.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Exempt Property in Boston Analysis of Types, Uses, and Issues
    Tax Exempt Property in Boston Analysis of Types, Uses, and Issues THOMAS M. MENINO, MAYOR CITY OF BOSTON Boston Redevelopment Authority Mark Maloney, Director Clarence J. Jones, Chairman Consuelo Gonzales Thornell, Treasurer Joseph W. Nigro, Jr., Co-Vice Chairman Michael Taylor, Co-Vice Chairman Christopher J. Supple, Member Harry R. Collings, Secretary Report prepared by Yolanda Perez John Avault Jim Vrabel Policy Development and Research Robert W. Consalvo, Director Report #562 December 2002 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................3 Ownership........................................................................................................................3 Figure 1: Boston Property Ownership........................................................................4 Table 1: Exempt Property Owners .............................................................................4 Exempt Land Uses.........................................................................................................4 Figure 2: Boston Exempt Land Uses .........................................................................4 Table 2: Exempt Land Uses........................................................................................6 Exempt Land by Neighborhood .................................................................................6 Table 3: Exempt Land By Neighborhood ..................................................................6 Table 4: Tax-exempt
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan 2013
    Upper Housatonic Valley National Heritage Area Management Plan 2013 Housattonio c River, Kenene t,, Cononneccticiccut. PhoP tograph by the Houo satoninic Valll eyy AssAss ociiatiion. Prepared by: Upper Housatonic Valley Heritage Area, Inc. June 2013 24 Main Street PO Box 493, Salisbury, CT 06068 PO Box 611 Great Barrington, MA 01257 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Purpose and Need 1 2.6.2 Connections to the Land 15 1.1 Purpose of this Report 1 2.6.3 Cradle of Industry 17 1.2 Definition of a Heritage Area 1 2.6.4 The Pursuit of Freedom & Liberty 19 1.3 Significance of the Upper Housatonic Valley 2.7 Foundations for Interpretive Planning 21 National Heritage Area 1 Chapter 3: Vision, Mission, Core Programs, 1.4 Purpose of Housatonic Heritage 3 and Policies 22 1.5 Establishment of the Upper Housatonic Valley 3 National Heritage Area 3.1 Vision 22 1.6 Boundaries of the Area 4 3.2 Mission 22 3.3 The Nine Core Programs 23 Chapter 2: Foundation for Planning 5 3.4 The Housatonic Heritage “Toolbox” 28 2.1 Legislative Requirements 5 3.5 Comprehensive Management Policies 30 2.2 Assessment of Existing Resources 5 3.5.1 Policies for Learning Community Priorities 30 2.3 Cultural Resources 5 3.5.2 Policies for Decision-Making 32 2.3.1 Prehistoric and Native American Cultural Resources 5 Chapter 4: Development of the Management Plan 33 2.3.2 Historic Resources 7 4.1 Public Participation and Scoping 33 2.4 Natural Resources 9 4.2 Summary of Issues Raised in Scoping 33 2.4.1 Geologic Resources 9 4.3 Management Scenarios 34 2.4.2 Geographic Area 9 4.3.1 Scenario 1: Continue the Nine Core 2.4.3 Ecosystems 10 Programs 34 2.4.4 Conservation Areas for Public 4.3.2 Scenario 2: Catalyst for Sharing Enjoyment 12 our Heritage 34 2.5 Recreational Resources 13 4.3.3 Scenario 3: Promote Regional Economic Vitality and Address 2.6 Interpretive Themes 14 Regional Heritage 35 2.6.1.
    [Show full text]