Aves Da Pátria Da Leari

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Aves Da Pátria Da Leari AAvveess ddaa PPááttrriiaa ddaa LLeeaarrii 2ª Edição Pedro C. Lima Apoio: 1 Aves da Pátria da Leari _____________________________________________ L71a LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira Aves da pátria da Leari/Pedro Lima Cerqueira - . 1.ed. - Salvador: AO, 2004. 271p.: ISBN 1. Ornitologia. 2. Aves. 3. Caatinga CDU - 598.2 _____________________________________________ ATUALIDADES ORNITOLÓGICAS N.128 – NOVEMBRO/DEZEMBRO DE 2005 – P. 29 2 Aves da Pátria da Leari Este livro é dedicado a Helmut Sick, não só o descobridor da pátria da A. leari, como também o pioneiro no levantamento da ornitofauna do Raso da Catarina. 3 Aves da Pátria da Leari AGRADECIMENTOS A Charles A. Munn, Carlos Eugênio Bezerra de Meneses (Cetrel), Minnesota Zoo, Dave Cruz, World Parrot Trust, Heinz Lambert and Walter Schulz, pelo apoio financeiro. A Otavio Nolasco de Farias (Fazenda Serra Branca) pelo apoio logístico. Cid Marcos Simões de Menezes e Paola Segura Diaz pela logística da Fundação BioBrasil. A Adson Lima do Nascimento, Antônio José de Jesus Pimentel, Eliane Ribeiro da Silva, Elizangela Silva Souza, José Carlos Silva Ribeiro, José Raimundo Silva Araújo, Luiz Eduardo Souza Silva, Luiz Marcio Oliveira da Silva, Manoel Alves Sobrinho, Moacir de Jesus, Rosivane Ribeiro da Silva, Thyers Novaes de Cerqueira Lima Neto,Jozilda Monteiro da Silva, Zezito de Jesus, Zildomar Souza Souza Magalhães pela participação direta nas campanhas de campo. Jaelson de Oliveira Castro pelo apóio dado no inicio do projeto. Agradeço também a Luiz Claudio Marigo, Haroldo Palo Jr. pelas fotos cedidas, Rolf Grantsau, Sidnei Sampaio dos Santos, Rita de Cassia Ferreira da Rocha Lima pelo apoio nas pesquisas de campo. Agredecimento a Disney Foundation, Ao CEMAVE pelo apoio e a José Fernando Pacheco pela correção do texto (Aves da Caatinga). A Silvano Abreu Farias, pelo apoio técnico, na editoração eletrônica deste liv- ro, a Keith Spalding Brown Jr pela identificação das espécies de bor- boletas., e a Josph DiCostanzo pela revisão dos textos em inglês. TRADUÇÃO: RICHARD GORDON HARTLEY FOTOS: PEDRO LIMA 4 Aves da Pátria da Leari ÍNDICE Aves da Caatinga 006 Birds of Caatinga 011 O Status Ecológico da Arara-Azul-de-Lear 015 The Ecological Status of the Lears Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari) 018 Levantamento e Anilhamento da Ornitofauna na Pátria da A. Leari 021 Survey and Banding of the Ornito-fauna in the range of the Lears Macaw 025 Uma Pequena Contribuição: Combate ao Tráfico Ilegal de Animais 029 A Small Contribution: The Combat Against the Illegal Traffic of Animals 031 Coccyzus americanus Linné, 1758 na Pátria* da Arara-azul-de-lear 033 Coccyzus americanus Linné, 1758 in the home range of the Lears Amacaw 034 Descrição das espécies 035 Familias Tinamidae 150 Rheidae 151 Podicipedidae 152 Phalacrocoracidae 152 Ardeidae 152 Ciconiidae 155 Cathartidae 155 Anatidae 157 Accipitridae 158 Falconidae 162 Cracidae 166 Aramidae 166 Rallidae 167 Cariamidae 169 Jacanidae 170 Charadriidae 170 Scolopacidae 171 Recurvirostridae 171 Columbidae 172 Psittacidae 174 Cuculidae 177 Tytonidae 179 5 Aves da Pátria da Leari Strigidae 180 Nyctibidae 182 Caprimulgidae 183 Trochilidae 184 Trogonidae 188 Alcedinidae 189 Galbulidae 189 Bucconidae 190 Picidae 190 Formicariidae 193 Furnariidae 195 Dendrocolaptidae 197 Tyrannidae 199 Pipridae 210 Hirundinidae 210 Corvidae 212 Troglodytidae 212 Sylvinae 213 Turdinae 213 Mimidae 214 Vireonidae 215 Parulinae 215 Coerebinae 216 Thraupinae 216 Emberezinae 220 Cardinalinae 224 Icterinae 225 Fringilidae 227 Passeridae 227 Outros animais 228 O Povo 235 A Pecuária 236 Serra Branca 237 Aves da Pátria da Leari 239 Lista de Chiroptera (Morcegos) - Raso da Catarina 247 Listagem Aves da Bahia – Bioma Caatinga 248 Referências Bibliográficas 256 6 Aves da Pátria da Leari AVES DA CAATINGA O bioma da Caatinga foi e continua sendo um dos biomas menos estudados, quer seja por falta de interesse, ou falta de recursos para serem aplicados em pesquisas ou ainda, pelas dificuldades apresentadas pelo ambiente. Pacheco & Bauer (2000) realizaram um amplo levantamento bibliográfico sobre o censo da avifauna do bioma da Caatinga, desde a época do descobrimento, até o final da década de 90. Antes da abertura dos portos em 1808, os trabalhos mais relevantes eram provenientes da colonização holandesa no Nordeste, destacando-se a grande contribuição do astrônomo Georg Macgrave (1610-1644). Macgrave chegou ao Brasil a convite do príncipe de Nassau em 1638, e permaneceu no Brasil até 1644; das 113 descrições de aves realizadas por Macgrave no Brasil, apenas quatro pertenciam ao bioma da Caatinga: (Rhea americana, Cariama cristata, Compsothraupis loricata e Crypturellus noctivagus zabele). No século XVIII, destacamos somente o médico português radicado na Bahia, Francisco Antônio de Sampaio que, no entanto, relata apenas três espécies do bioma da Caatinga em sua obra: Cyanocorax cyanopogon, Icterus jamacaii e Paroaria dominicana. Outro fato importante ocorrido no século XVIII foi a fundação da Casa de História Natural, criada em 1784 na cidade do Rio de Ja- neiro, atualmente o Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. O século XIX ficou conhecido como o século das grandes expedições científicas estrangeiras, com a vinda da família real para o Brasil em 1808, que abriu os portos para as nações amigas e possibilitou uma corrida de naturalistas do Velho Mundo para desvendar os segredos de um país desconhecido, onde cer- tamente encontrariam muitas novidades. Wied-Neuwied O príncipe Maximiliano de Wied-Neuwied foi o primeiro naturalista do Acervo da coleção Robert século XIX a entrar em contato direto com a avifauna da Caatinga. Apesar de ter Bosch, Stuttgart, Alemanha. percorrido somente uma área pequena da Caatinga, antecipou e descreveu diver- sas espécies típicas da área tais como: Aratinga cactorum, Cyanocorax cyanopo- gon e Coryphospingus pileatus, além de descrever espécies pouco conhecidas como: Sakesphorus cristatus e Hylopezus ochroleucus. Outro fato notável é a descrição de uma espécie endêmica da Caatinga da Bahia, o gravatazeiro Rhopornis ardesiaca, cuja área de ocorrência situa-se em Boa Nova, Ituaçú (Pinto, 1978). Wied registrou 73 espécies para o bioma da Caatinga, sendo esse um recorde para a época. Em fins de 1816, chegou a Pernambuco, o naturalista inglês William Swainson que pretendia realizar expedições pelo interior e fazer coleta de espécimes. No en- tanto, isso não ocorreu devido a um movimento revolucionário que lá se iniciou. Depois de terminada a revolução, Swainson conseguiu realizar uma expedição pelo interior em direção ao Rio São Francisco e ao cabo de dois meses chegou à cidade William Swainson alagoana de Penedo. Apesar de ter sido um dos mais ativos e destacados zoólogos Acervo de University da época, Swainson contribuiu muito pouco para as aves da Caatinga, se comparar- Museum of mos com as informações deixadas por Wied e Spix. Entretanto, Swainson registrou Zoology, Cambridge cerca de 40 espécies para o bioma da Caatinga e dentre essas espécies, duas foram descritas por ele, além de três subespécies. 7 Aves da Pátria da Leari Dois renomados naturalistas do século XIX deixaram suas contribuições para o bioma da Caatinga: Johann Baptist von Spix e Karl Friedrich Phillipp von Martius. Spix era zoólogo e Martius, botânico. O tempo que os dois naturalistas gastaram no bioma da Caatinga foi de seis meses e meio, equivalente a 18% de toda a expedição pelo Brasil; o resto do tempo foi dedicado a outros biomas. Apesar do longo tempo destinado ao bioma da Caatinga, a contribuição de Spix e de Martius foi pequena: descreveram apenas 32 espécies. Apesar de ter registrado poucas espécies para o bioma da Caatinga, Spix descreveu nove espécies e 12 subespécies do bioma. Afora as iniciativas estrangeiras, podemos citar como iniciativa exclusi- vamente brasileira, a “Comissão Científica de Exploração” que teve como obje- tivo, explorar as riquezas naturais do Brasil. Realizada entre 1859 e 1861, esta Hellmayr expedição coletou cerca de 4.000 peles, todas depositadas no Museu Nacional Arquivo do Field Museum do Rio de Janeiro. Apesar da quantidade total de aves coletadas, a única forma Natural History, descrita foi a da subespécie Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis. Chicago Ainda no século XIX, podemos destacar a contribuição de Emilie Gounelle que coletou diversos beija- flores, sendo que um deles leva o seu nome: Phaethornis gounellei, descrito por Boucard em 1891. No inicio do século XX (1903), a expedição austríaca liderada pelo ictiologista Franz Steindachner, acompanhado do ornitólogo Otmar Reiser dedicou 45 dias ao bioma da Caatinga. Ernst Garbe naturalista do Museu Paulista coletou diversas aves da Caatinga no ano de 1907. Como resultado dessa expedição, foram descritas varias subespécies e uma nova espécie endêmica da Caatinga, Formici- vara iheringi (Hellmayr, 1909). Uma expedição liderada por Adolpho Lutz em 1912 percorreu diversas regiões do bioma da Caatinga, sendo que a observação mais importante dessa expedição foi a da ararinha-azul Cyanopsitta spixii, uma em cativeiro e um bando delas voando em Santo Sé. Lima percorreu essa região em 1995, à procura da C. spixii, no entanto só encontrou a Anodorhynchus leari. Provavelmente essa espécie foi confundida pela equipe de Lutz com C. spixii. A descoberta de A. leari entre os municípios de Campo formoso e Santo Sé, contribuiu para o aumento da dis- tribuição geográfica da espécie (Munn, 1995). Robert H. Becker visitou diversos biomas da Caatinga no Ceará e na Bahia em 1913; as aves coletadas por Becker serviram para a descrição de diversas subespécies. Cabe-nos ainda destacar a contribuição do alemão Emil Kaempfer e Emilie Snethlage de sua esposa que, juntos, coletaram aves em 11 estados brasileiros, entre 1926 e Biblioteca de 1931. O material coletado pelos Kaempfer serviu para descrever três subespécies, Herbert Franzoni Berla todas do Nordeste. Além disso, foram os primeiros a coletarem Rhopornis ardesi- aca e Megaxenops parnaguae, após a descrição dessas espécies. Ainda na década de 20, destacamos a contribuição da naturalista Emilie Snethlage. Como realizações das expedições empreendidas por Snethlage, podemos citar a descrição de três taxons: Xiphocolaptes fran- ciscanus, Phylloscartes roquettei e Knipolegus aterrimus franciscanus.
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