Piano : Renzo Piano Building Workshop 1966 to Today / Philip Jodidio

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Piano : Renzo Piano Building Workshop 1966 to Today / Philip Jodidio Piano : Renzo Piano building workshop 1966 to today / Philip Jodidio. – Imprint. – Köln, © 2019 Spis treści INTRODUCTION 6 THE POETRY OF FLIGHT 6 DIE POESIE DES FLIEGENS 13 LA POÉSIE DE L'EN VOL 21 PREHISTORY 28 Early Works. 1966-1970. CENTRE GEORGES POMPIDOU 40 Paris, France. 1971-1977. IRCAM Extension: 1988-1990. Brancusi Atelier: 1992-1997. Renovation: 1996-2000. UNESCO URBAN RECONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP 64 Otranto, Italy. 1979. ALEXANDER CALDER RETROSPECTIVE EXHIBITION 74 Turin, Italy. 1982. MENIL COLLECTION 84 Houston, Texas, United States. 1982-1986. IBM TRAVELLING PAVILION 100 Various locations. 1982-1986. MUSICAL SPACE FOR THE OPERA "PROMETEO" 108 Venice and Milan, Italy. 1983-1984. LINGOTTO FACTORY CONVERSION 118 Turin, Italy. 1983-2003. REDEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD HARBOR OF GENOA 134 Genoa, Italy. 1985-2001. SAN NICOLA STADIUM 148 Bari, Italy. 1987-1990. KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 158 Osaka, Japan. 1988-1994. PUNTA NAVE RENZO PIANO BUILDING WORKSHOP 174 Punta Nave (Genoa), Italy. 1989-1991. BEYELER FOUNDATION 190 Riehen (Basel), Switzerland. 1991-1997. JEAN-MARIE TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTER 202 Nouméa, New Caledonia. 1991-1998. BANCA POPOLARE DI LODI 222 Lodi, Italy. 1991-2001. PADRE PIO PILGRIMAGE CHURCH 232 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy. 1991-2004. POTSDAMER PLATZ RECONSTRUCTION 244 Berlin, Germany. 1992-2000. PARCO DELLA MUSICA 260 Rome, Italy. 1994-2002. AURORA PLACE HIGH-RISE OFFICES AND APARTMENT BLOCKS 276 Sydney, Australia. 1996-2000. NICCOLÒ PAGANINI AUDITORIUM 288 Parma, Italy. 1997-2001. MAISON HERMES 298 Tokyo, Japan. 1998-2001. "KIRRIBILLI MAS60" SAILBOAT 310 Genoa, Italy. 1999-2001. THE NASHER SCULPTURE CENTER 316 Dallas, Texas, United States. 1999-2003. ZENTRUM PAUL KLEE 324 Bern, Switzerland. 1999-2005. HIGH MUSEUM OF ART EXPANSION 334 Atlanta, Georgia, United States. 1999-2005. THE MORGAN LIBRARY RENOVATION AND EXPANSION 344 New York, New York, United States. 2000-2006. THE NEW YORK TIMES BUILDING 354 New York, New York, United States. 2000-2007. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 366 San Francisco, California, United States. 2000-2008. MODERN WING OF THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO 380 Chicago, Illinois, United States. 2000-2009. THE SHARD 392 London, United Kingdom. 2000-2012. CENTRAL SAINT GILES 404 London, United Kingdom. 2002-2010. "LE ALBERE," MUSE, AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 412 Trento, Italy. 2002-2016. LOS ANGELES COUNTY MUSEUM OF ART 424 Los Angeles, California, United States. 2003-2006 (BCAM Pavilion), 2006-2010 (Resnick Pavilion). ISABELLA STEWART GARDNER MUSEUM RENOVATION AND EXPANSION 438 Boston, Massachusetts, United States. 2005-2011. GATEHOUSE AND MONASTERY 448 Ronchamp, France. 2006-2011. ASTRUP FEARNLEY MUSEUM OF MODERN ART 458 Oslo, Norway. 2006-2012. JERÔME SEYDOUX- PATHÉ FOUNDATION 466 Paris, France. 2006-2014. HARVARD ART MUSEUMS RENOVATION AND EXPANSION 474 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. 2006-2014. INTESA SANPAOLO OFFICE BUILDING 484 Turin, Italy. 2006-2015. KIMBELL ART MUSEUM EXPANSION 492 Fort Worth, Texas, United States,. 2007-2013. THE WHITNEY MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ART AT GANSEVOORT 502 New York, New York, United States. 2007-2015. JEROME L. GREENE SCIENCE CENTER 512 New York, New York, United States. 2007-2016. STAVROS NIARCHOS FOUNDATION CULTURAL CENTER 520 Athens, Greece. 2008-2016. LA VALLETTA CITY GATE 534 Valletta, Malta. 2009-2015. CHÂTEAU LA COSTE ART GALLERY 544 Aix-en-Provence, France. 2009-2017. AUDITORIUM DEL PARCO 554 L'Aquila, Italy. 2010-2012. CENTRO BOTÍN 562 Santander, Spain. 2010-2017. LEN FEST CENTER FOR THE ARTS 572 New York. New York, United States. 2010-2017. PARIS COURTHOUSE 578 Paris, France. 2010-2017. CITADEL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS 588 Amiens, France. 2010-2018. THE UNIVERSITY FORUM 596 New York, New York, United States 2011-2018. ACADEMY MUSEUM OF MOTION PICTURES 602 Los Angeles, California, United States. 2012-. JNBY HEADQUARTERS 608 Hangzhou, China. 2013-. EMERGENCY CHILDREN'S SURGERY CENTER 614 Entebbe, Uganda. 2013-. ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE PARIS- SACLAY 622 Saclay, France. 2013-. CHILDREN'S HOSPICE 628 Bologna, Italy. 2014-. GES 2 PROJECT 634 Moscow, Russian Federation. 2015-. BEIRUT HISTORY MUSEUM 640 Beirut, Lebanon. 2015-. ISTANBUL MODERN 646 Istanbul, Turkey. 2016-. APPENDIX 652 MAIN PROJECTS 654 REGISTER OF WORKS 660 STAFF 675 PARTNERS 676 BIBLIOGRAPHY 678 CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 688 oprac. BPK .
Recommended publications
  • 2017 Stavros Niarchos Foundation Lecture Brochure
    World Trade and Exchange Rates From the Pax Americana to a Multilateral New Order LORD MERVYN KING Former Governor of the Bank of England SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL STAVROS NIARCHOS FOUNDATION LECTURE AND DINNER TUESDAY, MAY 16, 2017 About the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Lecture Series The annual Stavros Niarchos Foundation Lecture Series at the Peterson Institute for International Economics was established in 2001 through the generous support of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation. The Series enables the Institute to present a leader of world economic policy and thinking for a major address each year on a topic of central concern to the US and international policy communities. The Series’ inaugural lecture was delivered by Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, in 2001. The list of subsequent speakers includes Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico, in 2003; Lawrence H. Summers, former Secretary of the Treasury and Chair of the National Economic Council, in 2004; Long Yongtu, former Vice Minister of China’s Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, in 2005; Mario Monti, former Prime Minister of Italy, in 2006; Heizō Takenaka, former Minister for Economic Policy of Japan, in 2007; Petr Aven, former President of Alfa Bank, in 2008; Nandan M. Nilekani, former Co- Chairman of the Board of Directors, Infosys Technologies, LTD, in 2009; Niall Ferguson, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History, Harvard University, in 2010; John Lipsky, former First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, in 2011;
    [Show full text]
  • Types & Forms of Theatres
    THEATRE PROJECTS 1 Credit: Scott Frances Scott Credit: Types & Forms of Theatres THEATRE PROJECTS 2 Contents Types and forms of theatres 3 Spaces for drama 4 Small drama theatres 4 Arena 4 Thrust 5 Endstage 5 Flexible theatres 6 Environmental theatre 6 Promenade theatre 6 Black box theatre 7 Studio theatre 7 Courtyard theatre 8 Large drama theatres 9 Proscenium theatre 9 Thrust and open stage 10 Spaces for acoustic music (unamplified) 11 Recital hall 11 Concert halls 12 Shoebox concert hall 12 Vineyard concert hall, surround hall 13 Spaces for opera and dance 14 Opera house 14 Dance theatre 15 Spaces for multiple uses 16 Multipurpose theatre 16 Multiform theatre 17 Spaces for entertainment 18 Multi-use commercial theatre 18 Showroom 19 Spaces for media interaction 20 Spaces for meeting and worship 21 Conference center 21 House of worship 21 Spaces for teaching 22 Single-purpose spaces 22 Instructional spaces 22 Stage technology 22 THEATRE PROJECTS 3 Credit: Anton Grassl on behalf of Wilson Architects At the very core of human nature is an instinct to musicals, ballet, modern dance, spoken word, circus, gather together with one another and share our or any activity where an artist communicates with an experiences and perspectives—to tell and hear stories. audience. How could any one kind of building work for And ever since the first humans huddled around a all these different types of performance? fire to share these stories, there has been theatre. As people evolved, so did the stories they told and There is no ideal theatre size. The scale of a theatre the settings where they told them.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Christian Andersen Award 2018 Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center Athens, Greece Friday, 31 August 2018
    Hans Christian Andersen Award 2018 Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center Athens, Greece Friday, 31 August 2018 Welcome by Hans Christian Andersen Jury President Patricia Aldana Welcome to this beautiful building in this most magnificent city of Athens for the very special evening when the 2018 winners of the Hans Christian Andersen Award will be honoured as they deserve. I would like to welcome not only all the Congress participants, but also His Excellency Mr Yasuhiro Shimizu the Japanese Ambassador to Greece and his wife Mrs Yoshimi Shimizu and Mr Vladimir Grigoriev the Deputy Head for the Russian Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications. I also want to take this opportunity to warmly thank Vassiliki Nika and her organizing committee for this fantastic congress and especially for this impressive venue for this Award evening. However, before I do anything else I would like to once again thank our generous and wonderful sponsors, Nami Island Inc, the Minn family and Mr Kang. I would like to invite Mrs Lee to the stage to say a few words on behalf of our generous and engaged sponsor of the most prestigious international award for children’s literature. Greetings from the sponsor Nami Island Inc. by Lee Kye Young, Vice Chairperson of Nami Island I would also like to welcome four Andersen nominees that are with us today. Please come to the stage to receive your diplomas as I call your name: Vagelis Iliopoulos, Author from Greece Jeannie Baker, Illustrator from Australia Andres Konstantinides, Author from Cyprus Farhad Hassanzedeh, Author from Iran Gundega Muzikante, Illustrator from Latvia In addition, I would like to invite the sister of Christos Dimos, the Illustrator nominee from 1 Greece, who would like to be here but cannot join us on health grounds, so I welcome Martha Dimou to receive his diploma on his behalf.
    [Show full text]
  • New Round of Pandemic Relief from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Provides Wide-Ranging Aid to Organizations Delivering Ke
    New round of pandemic relief from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) provides wide-ranging aid to organizations delivering key education, food, and social services in U.S., Europe, and Africa. New round of more than $6.9 million in SNF’s $100 million global COVID-19 relief initiative brings total allocated to $88.8 million Tuesday, March 2, 2021 – As global vaccination efforts and new variants of the virus continuously shift the landscape of the pandemic, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) continues to focus on meeting urgent needs for vulnerable populations in a way that also lays groundwork for recovery through its $100 million global COVID-19 relief initiative. In this sixth round of grants, 32 grants total more than $6.9 million and bring the overall total allocated through the initiative so far to $88.8 million. The new grants aim to help keep kids’ education on track, combat elevated food insecurity, make quality health care accessible in remote settings, provide access to clean water, and more. “One year ago, we could not have predicted where we would find ourselves now,” said SNF Co-President Andreas Dracopoulos. “What the next months hold will be determined in large part by leadership across sectors, and these organizations demonstrate a critical type of leadership: leading by action. SNF is proud to partner with organizations trusted in their communities to help meet the needs of the most vulnerable.” As it has been since the start of the pandemic, food insecurity remains a dire and growing need, including in communities across the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Stavros Niarchos Center (Greece)
    Project information Stavros Niarchos Center (Greece) Project description mageba scope Highlights & facts The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural In order to ensure that the building struc- Center (SNFCC) in Athens is a multifunc- ture can withstand even a severe earth- mageba products: tional arts, education and recreation com- quake of the type Athens has known Type: RESTON®PENDULUM plex. It includes, within its 170,000 m2 for thousands of years, the buildings of Curved Surface Sliders park, new state-of-the-art facilities for the the National Library of Greece and the RESTON®SA shock National Library of Greece and the Greek Greek National Opera are built on 323 absorbers National Opera. RESTON®PENDULUM Curved Surface RESTON®SP elastic spring devices The buildings were designed by Renzo Pi- Sliders. The 323 seismic isolators allow ano, the internationally acclaimed archi- dynamic movements of +/- 350 mm and ROBO®CONTROL SHM tect who achieved worldwide fame in the carry loads of up to 70,000 kN per unit. Installation: 2013–2015 1970s with the Centre Georges Pompidou A solar collector roof canopy with an Structure: in Paris. With a budget of €566 million, the area of 10,000 m2 is also equipped with City: Athens SNFCC is one of the largest construction 60 RESTON®SA shock absorbers and 120 projects in recent Greek history. RESTON®SP spring devices to resist the Country: Greece strong wind forces arising. All these de- Completed: 2016 vices regulate the connections to the 30 Type: Cultural centre column heads that hold the roof, damping Owner: Stavros Niarchos all vertical vibrations.
    [Show full text]
  • 15Th EBHA Annual Conference
    1 15th EBHA Annual Conference “Business, Finance and the State in 20th Century: European Comparisons in Historical Perspective, Crises and Transformation” Athens, 24-26 August 2011 Mr Onassis and Game Theory Gelina Harlaftis Ionian University Draft paper “I never gamble, it doesn‟t amuse me” said Onassis to the reporters. “ I don‟t oppose it. I understand it. My whole life has been a terrific gamble”.1 Onassis was a great player in a game of “global chess” as it unraveled in a highly publicized case that stunned the world in the 1950s. This paper examines the confrontation of Aristotle Onassis with the American government in the 1950s. The ultimate goal is to examine the strategies used by weatlthy international family businesses to confront governments in host countries. The history of attacking entrepreneurial elites of foreign origin has been a repetitive story in international business.2 During the 1940s and 1950s a large number of Greek shipowners previously based in London had transferred their base to New York, at the time which was increasingly becoming a world maritime centre. In the post-WWII the United States, at the time the world‟s leading power was not a maritime nation and shipping under the American flag cost quite highly. In this way, it did not fill the oceans with American flag ships but promoted the adoption of flags of convenience from main traditional European shipowners from maritime countries. The flags of convenience, then the PanHoLib fleet -of Panama, Honduras and Liberia-, were cheap flags that provided cheap sea transport.3 In the 1940s and 1950s it was the Greeks that exploited such an 1 New York Times, 20 June 1958.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel's Air Force the Pill Is Safe
    EXCLUSIVE: ISRAEL'S AIR FORCE Is it the world's best? A top medical expert says: • THE PILL IS SAFE A LOOK BONUS: PREVIEW OF DORIS LILLY'S REVEALING NEW BOOK 146'76 ti7 :,7,711A 111H a Y006 311S10 5:1101 1 A1-17 ET Z 0 Tarr '76n5E00 ilK 99620i ONCE UPON A TIME, a boy was born JACKIE -style school caps. World War I offi- in Kaysed, Turkey, and his name was cially ended in -1918, and the Onassis Socrates Onassis. family had survived it very well. Tobac- Since the fall of Constantinople, co could now be exported freely, and it the Onassis family and other Greeks seemed the road to riches had been living in Turkey had been subjects of opened. But the war was far from over the Turkish sultan. The Turks were for Smyrna. In 1919, Greek troops, great warriors, but it was the Greeks FABUL supported by Allied warships, occu- who functioned as administrators and transacted pied the city. For the next three years, Smyrna most of the business of the Turkish Empire. was Greek. Young Aristo clamped his British- Socrates could have studied at a Greek college style cap back on his jet-black hair and returned in Kayseri and then gone to work as a petty func- to the recently reopened Evangeliki Scholi. He tionary of the sultan's civil service. Instead, he joined a sporting, club and became outstanding started a small business and moved to Smyrna, at water polo. which was then an important, bustling town. More He said later that he.was in line for a place than half its population was Greek.
    [Show full text]
  • Brochure: Eleventh Annual Niarchos Lecture
    LESSONS FROM THE CRISIS: Challenges for the Advanced Economies and for the European Monetary Union JEAN-CLAUDE TRICHET Former President of the European Central Bank, Former Governor of Banque de France, Chairman of the Group of Th irty eleventh annual Stavros Niarchos 20 Foundation Lecture 12 May 17, 2012 IIE-123-2012 lecture program_cc.indd 1 5/9/12 2:25 PM IIE-123-2012 lecture program_cc.indd 2 5/9/12 2:25 PM LESSONS FROM THE CRISIS: Challenges for the Advanced Economies and for the European Monetary Union JEAN-CLAUDE TRICHET Former President of the European Central Bank, Former Governor of Banque de France, Chairman of the Group of Th irty eleventh annual Stavros Niarchos 20 Foundation Lecture 12 May 17, 2012 IIE-123-2012 lecture program_cc.indd 3 5/9/12 2:25 PM About the stavros niarchos foundation lecture series Th e Stavros Niarchos Foundation has generously created the annual Stavros Niarchos Foundation Lecture Series at the Institute. Th e program enables the Institute to present a leader of world economic policy and thinking for a major address each year on a topic of central concern to the US and international policy communities. Th e initial lecture was presented by Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, on October 24, 2001; the second by Ernesto Zedillo, former president of Mexico, on May 19, 2003; the third by Lawrence H. Summers, former director of the White House’s National Economic Council, on March 23, 2004; the fourth by Long Yongtu, former vice minister of China’s Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, on May 23, 2005; the fi fth by Mario Monti, former commissioner of the European Union and now Prime Minister of Italy, on May 8, 2006; the sixth, by Heizo Takenaka, former minister for economic policy of Japan, on May 9, 2007; the seventh, by Petr Aven, president of Alfa Bank, on May 8, 2008; the eighth by Nandan M.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Interview Which Was Conducted in Greek) by Antonis I
    Andreas Dracopoulos: What is the purpose of the Greek American Community? (a translation from the original interview which was conducted in Greek) By Antonis I. Diamataris Publisher/Director of the National Herald (Daily Greek-American newspaper) A conversation with Andreas Dracopoulos, co-president of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, is always an invaluable experience. His fresh, unconventional thought opens up new horizons in the discussion, it makes you think, and it elevates the conversation to a whole new level. It stays with you for quite a while afterwards. The entrance to the Stavros Niarchos Foundation offices in Manhattan is adorned with a bust of the Foundation‟s founder. The “presence” of the great Greek entrepreneur isn‟t limited to that, however. You can feel it in every corner of the frugal office space. Talking to Andreas Dracopoulos, an unsuspecting correspondent would hardly guess that the humble, sweet-spoken, unpretentious man who welcomed him is at the same time so influential, both through his role in the Foundation and through his strong, charismatic personality. I ought to confess that Andreas and I are friends. Transparency everywhere and in everything, as he himself always insists on. I don‟t think, however, that I let that affect me. On the contrary, I worry that I might not do him justice, because of the self-control I‟m exerting in preparing this piece, due to our friendly relationship. My closeness to him, however, gives me the opportunity to express the thought shared by almost everyone who‟s met him: That he stands out both as a man and as a Greek and that, along with all the other members of the Board of Directors and their colleagues at the Foundation, they have turned it into a model international philanthropic institution, making significant contributions worldwide while also focusing on Greece and Hellenic affairs at large.
    [Show full text]
  • Niarchos Foundation Announces 3 Projects Texas Church Fights For
    O C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Bringing the news ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ to generations of ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald Greek Americans A WEEKLY GREEK AMERICAN PUBLICATION c v www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 10, ISSUE 505 June 16, 2007 $1.00 GREECE: 1.75 EURO Niarchos Greek Doctors Create Foundation Worldwide Network at Announces Medical Conference in Kos 3 Projects By Yannis Sofianos during a visit to the United States by Special to the National Herald Greece’s Minister of Health and So- cial Solidarity Demetris Avramopou- Foundation Signs NEW YORK – The island of Kos, in los. the Southeastern Greek region of The purpose of this conference is Memorandum with the Dodecanese, home of Hip- to form an organized network of pocrates, the ancient “Father of Greek doctors all over the world, Greek PM Karamanlis Medicine,” was the host site for first which will not itself be a State-run ever Global Hellenic Medical Net- institution, but will enjoy the full By Demetris Tsakas work Conference, which was held in support of the State. According to Special to the National Herald conjunction with the 19th Biennial Mr. Avramopoulos, the GHMN will Conference of the Hellenic Medical seek “to form a knowledge base and NEW YORK – Greece’s Prime Min- Society of New York (HMSNY), last support system regarding medical ister Costas Karamanlis signed a week, from June 7 – June 10. This science, research and related institu- Memorandum of Understanding unique conference was organized by tions, as well as promote the ex- (MoU) with two trustees from the the Federation of Hellenic Medical change of medical knowledge, and Stavros Niarchos Foundation, An- Societies of North America (FHM- update members on new develop- dreas Dracopoulos and Spyros SNA) and HMSNY, under the aus- ments in the diagnosis and treat- Niarchos, marking the official com- pices of the Greek Ministry of Health ment of illnesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Stavros Niarchos Foundation Distributes $31 Million First Round of Grants to Reach Areas Hardest Hit by COVID-19
    Stavros Niarchos Foundation distributes $31 million first round of grants to reach areas hardest hit by COVID-19 The funding is part of the Foundation’s $100 million global COVID-19 relief initiative; grants focus on food and shelter, mental health, artist relief, and frontline health care staff April 30, 2020 - The Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) has announced the first round of grants under its $100 million Global Relief Initiative to help alleviate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-five grants totaling over $31 million focus on food, mental health, and health needs in some of the hardest- hit regions of the United States and Europe, as well as worldwide, and on aiding health care staff on the front lines in Greece. “We cannot overstate the impact of the pandemic on society at large, and we owe our deepest gratitude to those who continue, in spite of the immense challenges they face daily, to serve the most vulnerable among us,” said SNF Co-President Andreas Dracopoulos. “Within our lifetimes, the need has never been greater. Our collective response will have to be both swift and forward-looking; these immediate grants represent the first step from SNF on a long path, as the effects of the pandemic will be with us for a long time.” UNITED STATES SNF grants totaling $5.93 million, made to both individual nonprofit organizations and collaborative funds, focus on ensuring access to food and other essentials, offering mental health support to populations specially affected, and providing emergency relief to artists. Mike Dahl, Executive Director of Broad Street Ministry (BSM), one of these organizations, remarked, “BSM’s guests are among the most vulnerable populations during this pandemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Life Business
    Aristotle Sokratis Onassis (Greek: Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης, Aristotelis Onasis; 15 January 1906 – 15 March 1975), commonly called Ari orAristo Onassis, was a prominent Greek shipping magnate.[1][2] Some sources claim he was born in 1900 but that he later changed his date of birth so as to avoid deportation from Turkey.[citation needed] Early life Onassis was born in Karatass, a suburb of Smyrna (now İzmir, Turkey) to Socrates and Penelope Onassis (nee Dologu). Onassis had one full-sister, Artemis, and two half-sisters, Kalliroi and Merope, by his father's second marriage following Penelope's death. Socrates Onassis came from the village of Moutalasski (now named Talas), near Cappadocia in Asia Minor, which is the present-day Kayseri province, in central Turkey.[citation needed] A successful shipping entrepreneur, he was able to send his children to prestigious schools. At the age of 16, Aristotle Onassis spoke three foreign languages: English, Spanish and Turkish,[3] when he graduated from the local Evangelical Greek School .[4] After being briefly administered by Greece (1919–1922) in the aftermath of the allied victory in World War I, Smyrna was re-taken by Turkey and the Onassis family's substantial property holdings were lost, causing them to become refugees fleeing to Greece after the Great Fire of Smyrna.[5] During this period Aristotle Onassis lost three uncles, an aunt and her husband Chrysostomos Konialidis and their daughter, who were burned to death on fire in a church in Thyatira where 500 Christians were seeking shelter from the Great Fire of Smyrna. In 1923, Aristotle Onassis left for Buenos Aires, Argentina by Nansen passport, reportedly carrying just $60 in his pocket, and got his first job with the British United River Plate Telephone Company.[citation needed] Business Argentina Onassis imported tobacco from Turkey with help from his father.
    [Show full text]