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1 St. Maries Citty Militiaman Ancient and Honourable Order of the Followers of Calvert’s Black and Gold in the New World St. Maries Citty, Ancient and Chief Seat of Government of the Lord Baltimore’s proprietarie Colony of Mary-Land, 1634-1694 Number 351, May 2016 Editor: Ernest J. Willoughby REPORT ON THE MUSTER AT THE MARYLAND VETERANS MUSEUM, APRIL 23 On Friday, April 22, 12 members gathered at the 1676 State House between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m. to gather needed equipment and pack it in four vehicles to transport next day to the muster. They were Alan, Julie, Max, and Scott Bradbury; Cocoa, Ivy, Logan, T. J., and Tristan Maday; Ernest, Paul, and Paula Willoughby. Saturday morning all of them plus Hugh Pry, and Mark and Ruth Zalonis gathered for the muster, starting at 9:00 o’clock. The Maryland Veterans Museum, located on Rte. 301 near the intersection with Md. Rte. 234 was holding its Spring Patriots’ Day Festival. We set up fireplace for cooking, a dining fly, and wedge tent for our camp. Other units representing War of 1812, and Union and Confederate units of the American Civil War were also camping at the museum grounds. The weather was somewhat windy, with intermittent showers, but our men succeeded in carrying out two drills with pike and musket while the distaff prepared a tasty midday meal, as well as waffles over the campfire the waffles were especially good as a midafternoon snack. Because of the cold wind and intermittent showers only a few visitors braved the weather to visit the camps, military displays, various booths, and vendors, many opting to stay indoors where awards presentations and speeches were scheduled through the day from 9:00 a.m. until closing at 3:00 p.m. Our first experience at this location gave us ideas on how we can work with the program chair, Susie Bender, and museum president, Larry Abel, to encourage visitors to spend more time with the outdoor living history displays if we are invited back in the future. The staff treated us well The midday meal comprised a delicious salad with cold marinated chicken, hard boiled eggs, sausage, cheese, bread, and fruit cake. After 3:00 p.m. we broke camp and packed it up in the four vehicles for return to the HSMC State House attic. Owing to ongoing wedding there Saturday afternoon and evening, we gathered on Sunday morning, April 24 at 10:00 a.m. to return the equipment to storage. 2 COME AND CELEBRATE MAY DAY AT HISTORIC ST. MARY’S CITY, SATURDAY, MAY 7, 10:00 A.M. TO 4:00 P.M. Saturday, May 7 is the date for the May Day celebration at Historic St. Mary’s City, because May 1 is on Sunday when HSMC is closed to the public. This is a relaxed and fun event with 17th century games, dances, an amusing mock trial, and various festivities to welcome the arrival of summer. Come in 17th century costume to lend period atmosphere. A BRIEF MILITARY HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF MARYLAND 1634- 1707 By Lee Offen (Continued from the April issue.) In July of 1641 Governor:Leonard Calvert instructed the residents of Kent Island to shoot on sight any Native Americans. It was believed that the natives threatening Kent Island were a group located near Chestertown and had upwards of 60 fighting men armed with muskets, whereas Kent Island could muster no more than perhaps 25 men. In March of 1642 Governor Calvert summoned an assembly to discuss the hostility of Native Americans and how to respond. Of the 78 free men of the colony 30 were represented by six proxy holders. All the inhabitants of Kent Island were represented by two men who held all their proxies. In June of 1642, the Governor ordered that Native Americans could not be sold guns or ammunition, and that arms be provided for all “able to bear arms.” All available men were directed to be armed when away from home and that firing a weapon was to be an alarm. In the same month, orders were sent to Captain Robert Evelyn to levy, train and muster the settlers near Piscataway. A fort near the Patuxent was put under the command of Henry Bishop in August and orders were given that the alarm signal was to be three sequential discharges from a firearm that when heard was to be followed by the evacuation of women and children to local forts and strong houses. Once the evacuation had occurred, the militia was to “keep guard.” The forts were St Inigoes Fort, Thomas Sterman’s House in St Michael’s Hundred, Thomas Weston’s House in St George’s Hundred and Patuxent Fort. In September the Susquehannock, Wicomico and Nanticoke tribes were declared “enemies to the province.” The colonial assembly raised an expedition to attack the Susquehannock by enlisting every third man out of each hundred armed, provisioned for two months and transported by their hundred with the cost divided between the residents of the hundred. Each member of the expedition was to be provided by the county, if he did not already have it, “one fixed gunne, 2 pounds of powder, 8 pounds pistol or bullet shot, 1 sword and 2 months provisions,” Uniquely, compensation for disability of those sent on the expedition was called for by the assembly. Captain Brainthwaite, the commander of the expedition, took sixteen men to Kent Island where 3 Captain Brent refused to force men to serve on the expedition, thereby preventing the expedition to continue due to lack of manpower. On 16 December 1642 Giles Brent was commissioned by Governor Calvert to be “Commander of our Isle and County of Kent,” including three commissioners allowing for a separate county court. In January of 1643 a peace treaty was negotiated with the Nanticokes but a state of war continued to exist between Maryland and the Susquehannock and Wicomico. Governor Calvert left the colony in April of 1643 leaving Giles Brent as governor in his absence. Brent and Calvert both attempted to put together expeditions against their Native American enemies but were unable to convince the colony’s council or assembly to raise the necessary men and supplies. Virginia was unwilling to join with Maryland in joint expeditions as well. The best that could be achieved was a ten man expedition to garrison Palmers Island at the mouth of the Susquehanna River to observe the enemy. In the summer of 1643, Captain Cornwallis led an expedition up the Susquehanna River to a Susquehannock village but was driven off, failing to end the continual raids against the settlements of the colony. The Great Civil War that was already two years old in the British Isles reached Maryland in January of 1644. Captain Richard Ingle was no stranger to Maryland as he had been involved for several years in the annual tobacco fleet which brought goods from England to Maryland and Virginia and took back the annual tobacco crop to England. His Parliamentarian sympathies were known. His remarks about King Charles resulted in his imprisonment and the seizure of his ship, the Reformation. Both were temporary and it seemed that economic necessity of both the ship captains and the colonies overrode political loyalties, for the moment. Leonard Calvert returned to Maryland in September of 1644 and by the end of the month went to Virginia leaving William Brainthwaite to serve as deputy governor of the colony. By October William Ingle was on his way back to Maryland with a letter of marque from Parliament in hand allowing him to seize ‘enemy’ ships. In December of 1644, William Claiborne made a failed attempt to raise the people of Kent Island. In January of 1645 Ingle sailed into St Mary’s and found a Dutch vessel, The Looking Glass, conducting a brisk trade with the Marylanders. Ingle departed for Virginia to find additional men to attack Maryland. Returning in February, Ingle attacked The Looking Glass, causing her to lower her colors and surrender. Ingle then proceeded to hunt down the Catholic colonial leaders and to loot the homes of the wealthy. Protestant settlers either supported Ingle or remained neutral and the outnumbered Catholics supported Calvert and his government. Calvert and his men built and garrisoned St Thomas Fort and Ingle’s men built a fort around Calvert’s abandoned house. By April Ingle had departed St. Mary’s for England with The Looking Glass as his prize only to be disappointed by the refusal of the Parliamentarian Admiralty Courts to recognize the legitimacy of his actions in taking her. Those who stayed back in Maryland asserted their control of the colony, taking St Thomas Fort by late in the summer of 1645. Leonard Calvert was not taken but fled to Virginia. With no legal basis for its existence, the government Ingle left behind was unable to perform but the most rudimentary functions of government. Captain Edward Hill went to St Mary’s City in July of 4 1646 to retrieve men who had fled from Virginia and found himself governor of the colony until December of that year. Hill was operating under Leonard Calvert’s orders and found himself only able to control events in St Mary’s County, with Kent County refusing to recognize Hill’s or Calvert’s authority. By late December Calvert returned to Maryland with a company of men raised in Virginia comprising Virginians and refugees from Maryland, and assumed control with little or no resistance. William Claiborne returned to Kent Island in December of 1646 and attempted unsuccessfully to convince the local populace to march on St.
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