Feminist Political Theory
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Remarks by Redstockings Speaker Marisa Figueiredo Shulamith Firestone Memorial September 23, 2012
Remarks by Redstockings speaker Marisa Figueiredo Shulamith Firestone Memorial September 23, 2012 In 1978, at the age of 16, while In high school, I lived in Akron, Ohio. I went to to the public library on weekends and on one shelf were three books in a row that changed my life forever and are the reason I am here today: Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex, Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex The Case for Feminist Revolution, and Redstockings' Feminist Revolution. With my consciousness raised to the point of passionately identifying myself as a radical feminist in the tradition each book represented, I ardently wanted to connect with Shulamith Firestone and Redstockings , so I wrote to both. I heard back from Redstockings, not Shulamith, and since 1984, I have been active in Redstockings. On May Day in 1986, Redstockings organized a Memorial for Simone de Beauvoir and I felt deeply honored when asked by Kathie Sarachild to read Shulamith's Firestone's tribute she had sent to the Memorial. It was several sentences in Shulamith's beautiful handwriting saying that Simone de Beauvoir had fired her youthful ambitions at age 16 and my heart was pounding as I read it, because Shulamith had fired my youthful ambitions at age 16, too! In the early 1990s, Kathie Sarachild introduced me to Shulamith Firestone, and I remember immediately feeling Shulamith's intensity of observation and perception of details unnoticed by others. All this despite her physical vulnerability that overwhelmed me, which I soon learned from her, resulted from side effects of her medication and a recent hospitalization. -
The Literacy Practices of Feminist Consciousness- Raising: an Argument for Remembering and Recitation
LEUSCHEN, KATHLEEN T., Ph.D. The Literacy Practices of Feminist Consciousness- Raising: An Argument for Remembering and Recitation. (2016) Directed by Dr. Nancy Myers. 169 pp. Protesting the 1968 Miss America Pageant in Atlantic City, NJ, second-wave feminists targeted racism, militarism, excessive consumerism, and sexism. Yet nearly fifty years after this protest, popular memory recalls these activists as bra-burners— employing a widespread, derogatory image of feminist activists as trivial and laughably misguided. Contemporary academics, too, have critiqued second-wave feminism as a largely white, middle-class, and essentialist movement, dismissing second-wave practices in favor of more recent, more “progressive” waves of feminism. Following recent rhetorical scholarly investigations into public acts of remembering and forgetting, my dissertation project contests the derogatory characterizations of second-wave feminist activism. I use archival research on consciousness-raising groups to challenge the pejorative representations of these activists within academic and popular memory, and ultimately, to critique telic narratives of feminist progress. In my dissertation, I analyze a rich collection of archival documents— promotional materials, consciousness-raising guidelines, photographs, newsletters, and reflective essays—to demonstrate that consciousness-raising groups were collectives of women engaging in literacy practices—reading, writing, speaking, and listening—to make personal and political material and discursive change, between and across differences among women. As I demonstrate, consciousness-raising, the central practice of second-wave feminism across the 1960s and 1970s, developed out of a collective rhetorical theory that not only linked personal identity to political discourses, but also 1 linked the emotional to the rational in the production of knowledge. -
The Radical Feminist Manifesto As Generic Appropriation: Gender, Genre, and Second Wave Resistance
Southern Journal of Communication ISSN: 1041-794X (Print) 1930-3203 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsjc20 The radical feminist manifesto as generic appropriation: Gender, genre, and second wave resistance Kimber Charles Pearce To cite this article: Kimber Charles Pearce (1999) The radical feminist manifesto as generic appropriation: Gender, genre, and second wave resistance, Southern Journal of Communication, 64:4, 307-315, DOI: 10.1080/10417949909373145 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949909373145 Published online: 01 Apr 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 578 View related articles Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsjc20 The Radical Feminist Manifesto as Generic Appropriation: Gender, Genre, And Second Wave Resistance Kimber Charles Pearce n June of 1968, self-styled feminist revolutionary Valerie Solanis discovered herself at the heart of a media spectacle after she shot pop artist Andy Warhol, whom she I accused of plagiarizing her ideas. While incarcerated for the attack, she penned the "S.C.U.M. Manifesto"—"The Society for Cutting Up Men." By doing so, Solanis appropriated the traditionally masculine manifesto genre, which had evolved from sov- ereign proclamations of the 1600s into a form of radical protest of the 1960s. Feminist appropriation of the manifesto genre can be traced as far back as the 1848 Seneca Falls Woman's Rights Convention, at which suffragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Coffin Mott, Martha Coffin, and Mary Ann McClintock parodied the Declara- tion of Independence with their "Declaration of Sentiments" (Campbell, 1989). -
MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Bridget Christine Gelms Candidate for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________________ Dr. Jason Palmeri, Director ______________________________________ Dr. Tim Lockridge, Reader ______________________________________ Dr. Michele Simmons, Reader ______________________________________ Dr. Lisa Weems, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT VOLATILE VISIBILITY: THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE HARASSMENT ON FEMINIST CIRCULATION AND PUBLIC DISCOURSE by Bridget C. Gelms As our digital environments—in their inhabitants, communities, and cultures—have evolved, harassment, unfortunately, has become the status quo on the internet (Duggan, 2014 & 2017; Jane, 2014b). Harassment is an issue that disproportionately affects women, particularly women of color (Citron, 2014; Mantilla, 2015), LGBTQIA+ women (Herring et al., 2002; Warzel, 2016), and women who engage in social justice, civil rights, and feminist discourses (Cole, 2015; Davies, 2015; Jane, 2014a). Whitney Phillips (2015) notes that it’s politically significant to pay attention to issues of online harassment because this kind of invective calls “attention to dominant cultural mores” (p. 7). Keeping our finger on the pulse of such attitudes is imperative to understand who is excluded from digital publics and how these exclusions perpetuate racism and sexism to “preserve the internet as a space free of politics and thus free of challenge to white masculine heterosexual hegemony” (Higgin, 2013, n.p.). While rhetoric and writing as a field has a long history of examining myriad exclusionary practices that occur in public discourses, we still have much work to do in understanding how online harassment, particularly that which is gendered, manifests in digital publics and to what rhetorical effect. -
Susan Faludi How Shulamith Firestone Shaped Feminism The
AMERICAN CHRONICLES DEATH OF A REVOLUTIONARY Shulamith Firestone helped to create a new society. But she couldn’t live in it. by Susan Faludi APRIL 15, 2013 Print More Share Close Reddit Linked In Email StumbleUpon hen Shulamith Firestone’s body was found Wlate last August, in her studio apartment on the fifth floor of a tenement walkup on East Tenth Street, she had been dead for some days. She was sixtyseven, and she had battled schizophrenia for decades, surviving on public assistance. There was no food in the apartment, and one theory is that Firestone starved, though no autopsy was conducted, by preference of her Orthodox Jewish family. Such a solitary demise would have been unimaginable to anyone who knew Firestone in the late nineteensixties, when she was at the epicenter of the radicalfeminist movement, Firestone, top left, in 1970, at the beach, surrounded by some of the same women who, a reading “The Second Sex”; center left, with month after her death, gathered in St. Mark’s Gloria Steinem, in 2000; and bottom right, Church IntheBowery, to pay their respects. in 1997. Best known for her writings, Firestone also launched the first major The memorial service verged on radical radicalfeminist groups in the country, feminist revival. Women distributed flyers on which made headlines in the late nineteen consciousnessraising, and displayed copies of sixties and early seventies with confrontational protests and street theatre. texts published by the Redstockings, a New York group that Firestone cofounded. The WBAI radio host Fran Luck called for the Tenth Street studio to be named the Shulamith Firestone Memorial Apartment, and rented “in perpetuity” to “an older and meaningful feminist.” Kathie Sarachild, who had pioneered consciousnessraising and coined the slogan “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” in 1968, proposed convening a Shulamith Firestone Women’s Liberation Memorial Conference on What Is to Be Done. -
Intersectionality: T E Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community
#Intersectionality: T e Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community Intersectionality, is the marrow within the bones of fem- Tegan Zimmerman (PhD, Comparative Literature, inism. Without it, feminism will fracture even further – University of Alberta) is an Assistant Professor of En- Roxane Gay (2013) glish/Creative Writing and Women’s Studies at Stephens College in Columbia, Missouri. A recent Visiting Fel- This article analyzes the term “intersectional- low in the Centre for Contemporary Women’s Writing ity” as defined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw (1989, and the Institute of Modern Languages Research at the 1991) in relation to the digital turn and, in doing so, University of London, Zimmerman specializes in con- considers how this concept is being employed by fourth temporary women’s historical fiction and contempo- wave feminists on Twitter. Presently, little scholarship rary gender theory. Her book Matria Redux: Caribbean has been devoted to fourth wave feminism and its en- Women’s Historical Fiction, forthcoming from North- gagement with intersectionality; however, some notable western University Press, examines the concepts of ma- critics include Kira Cochrane, Michelle Goldberg, Mik- ternal history and maternal genealogy. ki Kendall, Ealasaid Munro, Lola Okolosie, and Roop- ika Risam.1 Intersectionality, with its consideration of Abstract class, race, age, ability, sexuality, and gender as inter- This article analyzes the term “intersectionality” as de- secting loci of discriminations or privileges, is now the fined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw in relation to the overriding principle among today’s feminists, manifest digital turn: it argues that intersectionality is the dom- by theorizing tweets and hashtags on Twitter. Because inant framework being employed by fourth wave fem- fourth wave feminism, more so than previous feminist inists and that is most apparent on social media, espe- movements, focuses on and takes up online technolo- cially on Twitter. -
The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Graduate Center 2016 The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet Jessie Daniels Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/194 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] “The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet” by Jessie Daniels, PhD Professor, Sociology Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10035 email: [email protected] or [email protected] Submitted for consideration to the volume The Intersectional Internet, Section Two: Cultural Values in the Machine (2016) PRE-PRINT VERSION, 16 FEBRUARY 2015 ABSTRACT (210): In August, 2013 Mikki Kendall, writer and pop culture analyst, started the hashtag #SolidarityisforWhiteWomen as a form of cyberfeminist activism directed at the predominantly white feminist activists and bloggers at sites like Feministing, Jezebel and Pandagon who failed to acknowledge the racist, sexist behavior of one their frequent contributors. Kendall’s hashtag activism quickly began trending and reignited a discussion about the trouble with white feminism. A number of journalists have excoriated Kendall specifically, and women of color more generally, for contributing to a “toxic” form of feminism. Yet what remains unquestioned in these journalistic accounts and in the scholarship to date, is the dominance of white women as architects and defenders of a framework of white feminism – not just in the second wave but today, in the digital era. -
A New Era of Consciousness-Raising Title: Tools of the Movement: Democracy, Community and Consciousness Raising
A New Era of Consciousness-Raising Title: Tools of the Movement: Democracy, Community and Consciousness Raising. Presented as part of “A Revolutionary Moment: Women’s Liberation in the late 1960’s and 1970’s,” a conference organized by the Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies Program at Boston University on March 27- 29, 2014 Janet Freedman, Resident Scholar, Brandeis University Women’s Studies Research Center Participation in a small consciousness-raising (CR) group was the entry point for many who became involved in the women’s liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s. The experience was profound as Vivian Gornick recalls: I stood in the middle of my own experience, turning and turning. In every direction I saw a roomful of women, also turning and turning ….That is a moment of joy, when a sufficiently large number of people are galvanized by a social explanation of how their lives have taken shape and are gathered together in the same place at the same time, speaking the same language, making the same analysis, meeting again and again…for the pleasure of elaborating the insight and repeating the analysis. But CR was not JUST about sharing insight and analysis. It was the process that fueled the activism of “second-wave” feminism. It is for this reason that that I am urging a new era of consciousness-raising – a revitalization of one of the women’s liberation movement’s most effective organizing strategies. Loretta Ross, co-founder and former National Coordinator of the Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective, describes how insights discovered in CR groups led to action. -
Gendered Visibility on Social Media: Navigating Instagram’S Authenticity Bind
International Journal of Communication 13(2019), 4983–5002 1932–8036/20190005 Gendered Visibility on Social Media: Navigating Instagram’s Authenticity Bind BROOKE ERIN DUFFY1 Cornell University, USA EMILY HUND University of Pennsylvania, USA Although the digital economy’s guiding logics of attention and visibility rouse social media users to put themselves out there, individuals experience digital visibility in profoundly uneven ways. For women, in particular, the public nature of online communication is fraught with risk, opening the potential for ridicule, hate, and harassment. This research explores the vexed nature of visibility among Instagram content creators, a community that is especially beholden to this so-called “visibility mandate.” Drawing on in-depth interviews with 25 aspiring and professional Instagrammers, we show how they attempt to stave off potential critique in patterned ways. In their efforts to project themselves as authentic, many sought to deflect accusations of being too real, and, alternatively, as being not real enough. We argue that this uniquely gendered form of a socially mediated “authenticity bind” indexes the wider policing of women and other marginalized communities in digitally networked spaces, wherein they must carefully toe the line between visibility and vulnerability. Keywords: social media, visibility, gender, authenticity, Instagram, influencers Guided by the social media economy’s logics of attention and reputation, Internet users are roused to pursue markers of visibility in the form of likes, favorites, comments, and retweets. On the surface, at least, it seems the greater one’s visibility, the better; careers are borne, new social connections forged, and opportunities for status and professional success abound (e.g., Abidin, 2016; Banet-Weiser, 2012; Cotter, 2018; Duffy, 2017; Marwick, 2013; Schaefer, 2012). -
Title of Thesis
Perplexities of the Personal and the Political How Women’s Liberation Became Women’s Human Rights Valgerður Pálmadóttir Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies Umeå 2018 This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) Dissertation for PhD ISBN: 978-91-7601-947-4. Cover illustrations: “When the photographer arrived, these women were undermining the patriarchy” and “Everywhere she went, there was a conference” by Björg Sveinbjörnsdóttir. Composition: In house Umeå University. Electronic version available at: http://umu.diva-portal.org/ Printed by: Umeå University Printing Service Umeå, Sweden 2018 To my family Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ......................................................................... v 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 1 Subversive Stories ...................................................................................................... 1 UN Conference on Women Provokes a Grassroots Response .................................4 New Strategies: Advocating for Women’s Human Rights at the UN .....................6 From Anger to Compassion .......................................................................................9 Aims of the Study and Research Questions ................................................................... 13 Selection of sources ....................................................................................................... -
Split at the Root: Prostitution and Feminist Discourses of Law Reform
Split at the Root: Prostitution and Feminist Discourses of Law Reform Margaret A. Baldwin My case is not unique. Violette Leduc' Today, adjustment to what is possible no longer means adjustment, it means making the possible real. Theodor Adorno2 This article originated in some years of feminist activism, and a sustained effort to understand two sentences spoken by Evelina Giobbe, an anti- prostitution activist and educator, at a radical feminist conference in 1987. She said: "Prostitution isn't like anything else. Rather, everything else is like prostitution because it is the model for women's condition."' Since that time, t Assistant Professor of Law, Florida State University College of Law. For my family: Mother Marge, Bob, Tim, John, Scharl, Marilynne, Jim, Robert, and in memory of my father, James. This article was supported by summer research grants from Florida State University College of Law. Otherwise, it is a woman-made product. Thanks to Rhoda Kibler, Mary LaFrance, Sheryl Walter, Annie McCombs, Dorothy Teer, Susan Mooney, Marybeth Carter, Susan Hunter, K.C. Reed, Margy Gast, and Christine Jones for the encouragement, confidence, and love. Evelina Giobbe, Kathleen Barry, K.C. Reed, Susan Hunter, and Toby Summer, whose contributions to work on prostitution have made mine possible, let me know I had something to say. The NCASA Basement Drafting Committee was a turning point. Catharine MacKinnon gave me the first opportunity to get something down on paper; she and Andrea Dworkin let me know the effort counted. Mimi Wilkinson and Stacey Dougan ably assisted in the research and in commenting on drafts. -
Exploring the Intersectional Politics of Feminist Memes on Instagram
“By Any Memes Necessary”: Exploring the Intersectional Politics of Feminist Memes on Instagram Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University Two-Year Master’s Thesis Social Science: Digital Media and Society Student: Caitlin Breheny Supervisor: Ylva Ekström Spring 2017 !1 Acknowledgements I’d first of all like to thank Uppsala University and my wonderful supervisor, Ylva Ekström, for her continuous advice, support and encouragement. I’m also so grateful to the many others whom I have had the privilege of meeting during my time in Uppsala. My postgraduate student experience really wouldn’t have been as fulfilling without everybody (international and Swedish) who welcomed me into this little bubble. To my closest friends (you know who you are) - I value you immensely, your kindness and acceptance is everything. To my family - I would not be where I am now without you, and I am forever grateful for your support for all my choices in life, and for your unrelenting faith in me. And last but not least, a HUGE thank you must go to all of the people who did not just make this study possible, but made it what it is. To all of my interviewees: @goldnosering, @ada.wrong, @bunnymemes, @yung_nihilist, @fluentfascist, @esoteric_queen, @tequilafunrise, @distressed_memes, and @problematiqueer - my conversations with you were equal parts open, funny, and insightful. I learnt a great deal from speaking to every one of you! Additionally, to all of the people on Instagram who inspired and informed this study (of whom there are many), I admire your humour, honesty and resilience. Being immersed in all of this creativity, my thesis-writing experience has never stopped being interesting.