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Physiological Demands of Mountain Running Races
Rodríguez-Marroyo1, J.A. et al.: PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF MOUNTAIN... Kinesiology 50(2018) Suppl.1:60-66 PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF MOUNTAIN RUNNING RACES Jose A. Rodríguez-Marroyo1, Javier González-Lázaro2,3, Higinio F. Arribas-Cubero3,4, and José G. Villa1 1Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain 2European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain 3Castilla y León Mountain Sports, Climbing and Hiking Federation, Valladolid, Spain 4Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain Original scientific paper UDC: 796.61.093.55:612.766.1 Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the exercise intensity and competition load (PL) based on heart rate (HR) during different mountain running races. Seven mountain runners participated in this study. They competed in vertical (VR), 10-25 km, 25-45 km and >45 km races. The HR response was measured during the races to calculate the exercise intensity and PL according to the HR at which both the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT) occurred. The exercise intensity below VT and between VT and RCT increased with mountain running race distance. Likewise, the percentage of racing time spent above RCT decreased when race duration increased. However, the time spent above RCT was similar between races (~50 min). The PL was significantly higher (p<.05) during the longest races (145.0±18.4, 288.8±72.5, 467.3±109.9 and 820.8±147.0 AU in VR, 10-25 km, 25-45 km and >45 km, respectively). The ratio of PL to accumulative altitude gain was similar in all races (~0.16 AU·m-1). -
Inquiry Into the 2011 Kimberley Ultramarathon
Economics and Industry Standing Committee Inquiry into the 2011 Kimberley Ultramarathon Report No. 13 Legislative Assembly August 2012 Parliament of Western Australia Committee Members Chair Mr M.D. Nahan, MLA Member for Riverton Deputy Chair Mr W.J. Johnston, MLA Member for Cannington Members Ms A.R. Mitchell, MLA Member for Kingsley Mr I.C. Blayney, MLA Member for Geraldton Mr M.P. Murray, MLA Member for Collie-Preston Co-opted Member Hon. M.H. Roberts, MLA Member for Midland Committee Staff Principal Research Officer Mr Tim Hughes, BA (Hons) Ms Renée Gould, BA GradDipA (from 16 April 2012) Research Officer Mrs Kristy Bryden, BA, BCom Legislative Assembly Tel: (08) 9222 7494 Parliament House Fax: (08) 9222 7804 Harvest Terrace Email: [email protected] PERTH WA 6000 Website: www.parliament.wa.gov.au/eisc Published by the Parliament of Western Australia, Perth. August 2012. ISBN: 978-1-921865-53-4 (Series: Western Australia. Parliament. Legislative Assembly. Committees. Economics and Industry Standing Committee. Report 13) 328.365 Economics and Industry Standing Committee Inquiry into the 2011 Kimberley Ultramarathon Report No. 13 Presented by Dr M.D. Nahan, MLA Laid on the Table of the Legislative Assembly on 16 August 2012 Contents Executive Summary i Ministerial Response xi Findings and Recommendations xiii Relevant Persons xxv 1 Introduction 1 The 2011 Kimberley Ultramarathon 1 2 RacingthePlanet Events Limited 7 Part One: Risk identification and assessment 7 Risk of fire in the course area 7 RacingThePlanet’s awareness of -
Runners in Their Forties Dominate Ultra-Marathons from 50 to 3,100 Miles
CLINICAL SCIENCE Runners in their forties dominate ultra-marathons from 50 to 3,100 miles Matthias Alexander Zingg,I Christoph Alexander Ru¨ st,I Thomas Rosemann,I Romuald Lepers,II Beat KnechtleIII I University of Zurich, Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, Zurich, Switzerland. II University of Burgundy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, INSERM U1093, Dijon, France. III Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated performance trends and the age of peak running speed in ultra-marathons from 50 to 3,100 miles. METHODS: The running speed and age of the fastest competitors in 50-, 100-, 200-, 1,000- and 3,100-mile events held worldwide from 1971 to 2012 were analyzed using single- and multi-level regression analyses. RESULTS: The number of events and competitors increased exponentially in 50- and 100-mile events. For the annual fastest runners, women improved in 50-mile events, but not men. In 100-mile events, both women and men improved their performance. In 1,000-mile events, men became slower. For the annual top ten runners, women improved in 50- and 100-mile events, whereas the performance of men remained unchanged in 50- and 3,100-mile events but improved in 100-mile events. The age of the annual fastest runners was approximately 35 years for both women and men in 50-mile events and approximately 35 years for women in 100-mile events. For men, the age of the annual fastest runners in 100-mile events was higher at 38 years. For the annual fastest runners of 1,000-mile events, the women were approximately 43 years of age, whereas for men, the age increased to 48 years of age. -
To Be a Champion of the 24-H Ultramarathon Race. If Not the Heart
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Case Report To Be a Champion of the 24-h Ultramarathon Race. If Not the Heart ... Mosaic Theory? Robert Gajda 1,* , Aleksandra Samełko 2, Miłosz Czuba 3,4, Agnieszka Piotrowska-Nowak 5 , Katarzyna To´nska 5, Cezary Zekanowski˙ 6 , Anna Klisiewicz 7, Wojciech Drygas 7,8, Anita G˛ebska-Kuczerowska 9 , Jacek Gajda 1, Beat Knechtle 10,11 and Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk 12 1 Center for Sports Cardiology, Gajda-Med Medical Center in Pułtusk, 06-100 Pułtusk, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka St. 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 3 Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty St., 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; [email protected] 4 Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport, 2 Trylogii St., 01-982 Warsaw, Poland 5 Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (A.P.-N.); [email protected] (K.T.) 6 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] 7 The Cardinal Stefan Wyszy´nskiNational Institute of Cardiology, ul. Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (W.D.) 8 Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Lucjana Citation: Gajda, R.; Samełko, A.; Zeligowskiego˙ 7/9, 90-752 Łód´z,Poland Czuba, M.; Piotrowska-Nowak, A.; 9 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszy´nskiUniversity, ˙ To´nska,K.; Zekanowski, C.; Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] Klisiewicz, A.; Drygas, W.; 10 Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] G˛ebska-Kuczerowska, A.; Gajda, J.; 11 Medbase St. -
OPS Fit OUTCAN Personnel Staying Fit Volume 8 • Issue 4 • December 2018 in This Issue
OPS Fit OUTCAN Personnel Staying Fit Volume 8 • Issue 4 • December 2018 In this issue: OUTCAN Member Profile Captain Michael Zelenski. .................... 2 CAF Sports Day 2018 .......................... 6 Annual MCpl Gregory MacCheyne Memorial Award .................................. 8 Stay Mindful with 4 Tips for Holiday Eating ..................................... 9 Exercise a hard habit to make ........... 11 Follow-up from Capt Garneau-Bégin’s participation in the Fire and Ice Ultramarathon ................................... 13 The Canadian Embassy in Venezuela Welcome to OPS Fit (OUTCAN Personnel Staying is on the run ....................................... 14 Fit), the quarterly OUTCAN Physical Fitness Program newsletter. This newsletter contains information Upcoming events December 2018 to February 2019 .... 15 related to healthy living and physical fitness training for OUTCAN personnel and their families. Monthly OUTCAN Fitness and Health Initiatives ......................... 15 If you have any questions, input, or material you Featured Exercise would like included in this section please contact Birddog in Plank ................................ 16 Todd Cirka, VCDS OUTCAN Physical Fitness Coordinator at [email protected] or at 613 852 7059. 1 OPS Fit Newsletter • Volume 8 • Issue 4 • DECEMBER 2018 OUTCAN Member ProfileCaptain Michael Zelenski, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma In the June issue of the Instrument School (AIS) as a both he and his wife, Keeley OPS Fit newsletter we focused pilot instructor. Shortly after started riding several times a on cycling safety regarding settling in, one of ZMan’s pilot week. Oklahoma offers a fair road cycling. In this issue, we colleagues, LCol Adam Jung, climate throughout the winter thought we would introduce invited him to join for a short and cycling offered the couple another genre of cycling, ride on a local mountain bike an outdoor sport in lieu of mountain biking (MTB), and trail. -
What Is the Age for the Fastest Ultra-Marathon Performance in Time-Limited Races from 6 H to 10 Days?
AGE (2014) 36:9715 DOI 10.1007/s11357-014-9715-3 What is the age for the fastest ultra-marathon performance in time-limited races from 6 h to 10 days? Beat Knechtle & Fabio Valeri & Matthias Alexander Zingg & Thomas Rosemann & Christoph Alexander Rüst Received: 22 December 2013 /Accepted: 16 September 2014 # American Aging Association 2014 Abstract Recent findings suggested that the age of peak of finishes. In summary, the age of peak ultra-marathon ultra-marathon performance seemed to increase with in- performance increased and performance decreased in creasing race distance. The present study investigated the time-limited ultra-marathons. The age of peak ultra- age of peak ultra-marathon performance for runners com- marathon performance increased with increasing race peting in time-limited ultra-marathons held from 6 to duration and with increasing number of finishes. These 240 h (i.e. 10 days) during 1975–2013. Age and running athletes improved race performance with increasing num- performance in 20,238 (21 %) female and 76,888 (79 %) ber of finishes. male finishes (6,863 women and 24,725 men, 22 and 78 %, respectively) were analysed using mixed-effects Keywords Master athlete . Ultra-running . Sex . regression analyses. The annual number of finishes in- Endurance performance creased for both women and men in all races. About one half of the finishers completed at least one race and the other half completed more than one race. Most of the Introduction finishes were achieved in the fourth decade of life. The age of the best ultra-marathon performance increased Ultra-running is devoted to covering the sport of long- with increasing race duration, also when only one or at distance running. -
Ultramarathons
Name Date Ultramarathons A marathon is a long-distance running event. A marathon is officially 26.2 miles long. When a running event is longer than 26.2 miles, it is called an ultramarathon. Over 70,000 people complete ultramarathons every year. There are two kinds of ultramarathons. In the first kind of ultramarathon, runners have to cover a specific distance—50 miles, for example. In the second kind of ultramarathon, runners have a limited amount of time, such as 24 hours, to cover as much distance as they can. Some ultramarathons are run as loops around a track or course. Others are run on trails through forests, deserts, or mountains. Many ultramarathons that are run on trails include natural obstacles that a runner will have to overcome, such as rocky paths or bad weather. Ultramarathons are run all over the world. There is an ultramarathon on every continent, even Antarctica. Because it is so expensive to travel to Antarctica, those who want to participate in an Antarctic ultramarathon usually have to pay many thousands of dollars. The most famous race across Antarctica is called The Last Desert Race. Runners pay over $14,000 to compete in this race. They must also buy special equipment to protect themselves against the extreme cold. People who want to train to run in an ultramarathon should first gain experience running regular marathons. Once you have completed a few marathons, you can add more and more distance every time you run. Besides practicing, there are a few other things you can do to help you prepare to run an ultramarathon. -
Strength and Conditioning for Triathlon: the 4Th Discipline Pdf, Epub, Ebook
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING FOR TRIATHLON: THE 4TH DISCIPLINE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Mark Jarvis | 192 pages | 12 Sep 2013 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781408172117 | English | London, United Kingdom Strength and Conditioning for Triathlon: The 4th Discipline PDF Book From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. With their previous experience, they may assume that they are more ready for triathlon than they really are. By using our website you consent to all cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The triathlon at the Youth Olympic Games also has a 4x mixed relay since , and the event will be introduced at the Summer Olympics. In , it adopted a 4x4 mixed relay format, where each team has two men and two women. Over time changes in hormones such as oestrogen, testosterone and Insulin growth factor 1 IGF-1 can affect the musculoskeletal system including bone health increasing the risks of stress fractures and injury; changes in appetite hormones, gut permeability and gastrointestinal distress, effects on the cardiovascular system and immune function are just a few of the examples of the consequences of low energy availability. The International Triathlon Union ITU was founded in as the international governing body of the sport, with the chief goal, at that time, of putting triathlon on the Olympic program. Whether you work with a trusted friend or a coach, take some time to dig into your abilities before planning out your training. January But the beauty of triathlon lies in working hard to learn new skills and put them all together. International Triathlon Union. Give yourself 7. The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. -
Marathon Des Sables’ 2003–2012 Christoph Knoth1, Beat Knechtle2,3*, Christoph Alexander Rüst2, Thomas Rosemann2 and Romuald Lepers4
Knoth et al. Extreme Physiology & Medicine 2012, 1:13 http://www.extremephysiolmed.com/content/1/1/13 RESEARCH Open Access Participation and performance trends in multistage ultramarathons—the ‘Marathon des Sables’ 2003–2012 Christoph Knoth1, Beat Knechtle2,3*, Christoph Alexander Rüst2, Thomas Rosemann2 and Romuald Lepers4 Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate participation and performance changes in the multistage ultramarathon ‘Marathon des Sables’ from 2003 to 2012. Methods: Participation and performance trends in the four- or six-stage running event covering approximately 250 km were analyzed with special emphasis on the nationality and age of the athletes. The relations between gender, age, and nationality of finishers and performance were investigated using regression analyses and analysis of variance. Results: Between 2003 and 2012, a number of 7,275 athletes with 938 women (12.9%) and 6,337 men (87.1%) finished the Marathon des Sables. The finisher rate in both women (r2 = 0.62) and men (r2 = 0.60) increased across years (p < 0.01). Men were significantly (p < 0.01) faster than women for overall finishers (5.9 ± 1.6 km·h−1 versus 5.1 ± 1.3 km·h−1) and for the top three finishers (12.2 ± 0.4 km·h−1 versus 8.3 ± 0.6 km·h−1). The gender difference in running speed of the top three athletes decreased (r2 = 0.72; p < 0.01) from 39.5% in 2003 to 24.1% in 2012 with a mean gender difference of 31.7 ± 2.0%. In men, Moroccans won nine of ten competitions, and one edition was won by a Jordanian athlete. -
Performance Prediction Recreational Runners
Universite´ catholique de Louvain Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics Hybrid Models to Predict Recreational Runners' Performance Dimitri de Smet d'Olbecke Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. Degree in Engineering Sciences and Technology Thesis Committee Advisor: Michel Verleysen (UCLouvain) Jury: Olivier Br¨uls (ULi`ege) Marc Francaux (UCLouvain) Bernadette Govaerts (UCLouvain) Romain H´erault(INSA, Rouen) John Lee (UCLouvain) Chairman: Jean-Pierre Raskin (UCLouvain) Louvain-la-Neuve, October, 2019. Abstract When long-distance runners prepare for a race, they can train more effi- ciently if they are able to predict their expected performance. Accurate race time prediction also allows them to pick the right pace from the beginning of the race, which is known to impact the race outcome significantly. Usu- ally, expected performance is estimated using fitness and endurance metrics provided by analyzing standardized exercise protocols in specialized labora- tories. Unfortunately, most runners (especially recreational runners) cannot afford access to the required equipment and dedicated staff. In recent years, some companies have started to offer digital coaching for runners through sports watches and smartphone applications. One of the challenges that these companies face is to track runner fitness levels so that their workout planning can evolve according to their progress and so that race paces can be recommended. This thesis addresses the problem of predicting runners' performance based on data that is cheap and easy to collect, even for recreational runners: previous race times and workout session recordings (most often timestamps, heart rates, and positioning). The modeling of performance is said to be hybrid because it combines blind machine learning methods applied to large sets of data with knowledge from the domain literature. -
Youth Distance Running and Lower Extremity Injury: a Systematic Review
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Systematic Review Youth Distance Running and Lower Extremity Injury: A Systematic Review Tatiana Paz * , Rachel N. Meyers, Cayla N. Faverio, Yuxuan Wang, Emily M. Vosburg and Derek J. Clewley Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Orthopedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; [email protected] (R.N.M.); [email protected] (C.N.F.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (E.M.V.); [email protected] (D.J.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-786-281-9480 Abstract: Distance running is a popular youth sport. This systematic review identified and examined the effects of youth distance running and lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Scientific databases were searched from database inception to May 2020. Two hundred and fifty-eight full texts were screened, with nine articles retained for data extraction. Seven of the studies were case reports or case series. Two case reports involved an apophyseal hip fracture. No correlation was found between running mileage or gender and sustaining an injury. Middle school runners reported fewer injuries than high school runners. Cross country accounted for less than 10% of injuries in youth under 15 compared to other track activities. The main finding was a paucity of research. Available literature suggests youth can participate in distance running with minimal adverse effects. One exception may be increased vulnerability to growth plate injury. Additional research is needed, especially in those under 10, as literature in this population is nonexistent. Citation: Paz, T.; Meyers, R.N.; Faverio, C.N.; Wang, Y.; Vosburg, Keywords: cross country; distance running; youth; adolescent; lower extremity injury E.M.; Clewley, D.J. -
Manitou's Revenge Ultramarathon and Relay
MANITOU’S REVENGE ULTRAMARATHON AND RELAY JUNE 23-24, 2018 at 5 am Print Clearly!!! Name: Gender: M / F Street: City: State: Zip: Country: Phone: ( ) - Age (on race day): _______ E-mail: Emergency Contact: Emergency Phone: ( ) - Shirt Size: S M L XL Will you take bus on race morning? Y/N Race: 54 MILE - You must have previously completed a 50 (or more) mile race within the last 2 years and within the specified time limit or have significant mountaineering experience. Please list your qualifications below, list 2 if you are unsure. Attach a separate page if necessary. Race 1: _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: _______________________________ Time: _______________________________ Race 2: _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: _______________________________ Time: _______________________________ USATF # (if you have one): ____________________ THE FEE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE 54 MILE RACE WILL BE $135. DO NOT SEND A CHECK AT THIS TIME. WE WILL NOTIFY YOU OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE ASAP. I, on behalf of myself, my heirs, distributors, next of kin, personal representatives, executors, administrators and assigns, do hereby release and discharge all people, parties and entities, including but not limited to the race director, organizers, volunteers, and other race personnel of Manitou’s Revenge Ultramarathon and Relay, Pine Orchard Athletic Club, the State of New York and the Department of Environmental Conservation, and USA Track and Field, and any other sponsoring agencies, businesses, persons and organizations and their agents from any and all liability arising out of or relating to any loss, damage, or injury, including death or dismemberment that may be sustained by the undersigned, or any property of the undersigned while participating in the event, Manitou’s Revenge Ultramarathon and Relay.