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Information in Support of a Recovery Potential Assessment of Pugnose Minnow (Opsopoeodus Emiliae) in Canada

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C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Research Document 2012/135 Document de recherche 2012/135 Central and Arctic Region Région du Centre et de l’Arctique Information in support of a Recovery Information à l’appui de l’évaluation du Potential Assessment of Pugnose potentiel de rétablissement du petit-bec Minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) in (Opsopoeodus emiliae) au Canada Canada Lynn D. Bouvier and Nicholas E. Mandrak Fisheries and Oceans Canada / Pêches et Océans Canada Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences / Laboratoire des Grands Lacs pour les Pêches et les Sciences Aquatiques 867 Lakeshore Rd. / 867, Chemin Lakeshore Burlington ON L7R 4A6 Canada This series documents the scientific basis for the La présente série documente les fondements evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in scientifiques des évaluations des ressources et des Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the écosystèmes aquatiques du Canada. Elle traite des day in the time frames required and the problèmes courants selon les échéanciers dictés. documents it contains are not intended as Les documents qu‟elle contient ne doivent pas être definitive statements on the subjects addressed considérés comme des énoncés définitifs sur les but rather as progress reports on ongoing sujets traités, mais plutôt comme des rapports investigations. d‟étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the official Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans la language in which they are provided to the langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit envoyé au Secretariat. Secrétariat. This document is available on the Internet at Ce document est disponible sur l‟Internet à www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs ISSN 1499-3848 (Printed / Imprimé) ISSN 1919-5044 (Online / En ligne) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2013 © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. iv RÉSUMÉ ....................................................................................................................................... v SPECIES INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 1 CURRENT STATUS ..................................................................................................................... 3 POPULATION STATUS ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 6 HABITAT REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 8 THREATS ................................................................................................................................... 12 THREAT LEVEL ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................ 16 MITIGATIONS AND ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................ 19 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY .................................................................................................. 23 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 24 iii Correct citation for this publication: Bouvier, L.D., and Mandrak, N.E. 2013. Information in support of a Recovery Potential Assessment of Pugnose Minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) in Canada. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2012/135. v + 26 p. ABSTRACT In April 1985, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assessed the status of Pugnose Minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) and determined the designation to be Special Concern. In May 2000, the status was re-examined and confirmed by COSEWIC. The status was re-assessed in May 2012 at which time Pugnose Minnow was designated as Threatened. The reason provided for this designation is that, “This fish is a small- bodied species with a restricted and declining distribution that inhabits river, stream and lake habitats. The species is threatened by habitat loss, habitat degradation from nutrient and sediment loading, climate change and several invasive species. The overall level of threat has been assessed as high.” Pugnose Minnow is currently listed as Special Concern on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA). The Recovery Potential Assessment (RPA) provides information and scientific advice needed to fulfill various requirements of SARA, including informing both scientific and socio-economic elements of the listing decision and permitting activities that would otherwise violate SARA prohibitions and the development of recovery strategies. This Research Document describes the current state of knowledge of the biology, ecology, distribution, population trends, habitat requirements, and threats to Pugnose Minnow. Mitigation measures and alternative activities related to the identified threats, which can be used to protect the species, are also presented. The information contained in the RPA and this document may be used to inform the development of recovery documents and for assessing permits, agreements and related conditions, as per section 73, 74, 75, 77 and 78 of SARA. The scientific information also serves as advice to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada regarding the listing of the species under SARA and is used when analyzing the socio-economic impacts of adding the species to the list as well as during subsequent consultations, where applicable. This assessment considers the available scientific data with which to assess the recovery potential of Pugnose Minnow in Canada. iv RÉSUMÉ En avril 1985, le Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada (COSEPAC) a évalué la situation du petit-bec (Opsopoeodus emiliae) et lui a accordé le statut d'espèce préoccupante. En mai 2000, le COSEPAC a réexaminé ce statut et l'a confirmé. Lors d'un nouvel examen effectué en mai 2012, il a désigné le petit-bec en tant qu'espèce menacée. La désignation a été justifiée par le fait que « ce poisson de petite taille a une répartition limitée et en déclin et habite les habitats de rivières, de ruisseaux et de lacs. L‟espèce est menacée par la perte ainsi que la dégradation de son habitat en raison de l‟apport de sédiments et d‟éléments nutritifs, les changements climatiques et plusieurs espèces exotiques. Le niveau de menace global a été évalué comme étant élevé. » À l'heure actuelle, l'espèce est inscrite comme espèce préoccupante à l'annexe 1 de la Loi sur les espèces en péril (LEP). L'évaluation du potentiel de rétablissement (EPR) fournit les renseignements et les avis scientifiques nécessaires pour satisfaire à diverses exigences de la LEP; notamment, cette évaluation permet d'éclairer les aspects scientifiques et socioéconomiques de la décision relative à l'inscription à la liste, de réaliser des activités qui autrement enfreindraient les interdictions de la LEP et d'élaborer des stratégies de rétablissement. Le présent document de recherche fournit une description de l'état actuel de la biologie, de l'écologie, de la distribution, des tendances de la population, des besoins en matière d'habitat et des menaces relatives au petit-bec. Des mesures d'atténuation et des activités alternatives associées aux menaces déterminées, qui peuvent être utilisées dans le but de protéger l'espèce, sont également présentées. Les renseignements que renferment l'EPR et ce document peuvent servir de base à l'élaboration de documents relatifs au rétablissement et à l'évaluation des permis, des ententes et des conditions s'y rattachant, conformément aux articles 73, 74, 75, 77 et 78 de la LEP. L‟information scientifique sert aussi d‟avis au ministre des Pêches et des Océans concernant l‟inscription de l‟espèce à la liste de la LEP et est utilisée au moment d'analyser les répercussions socio-économiques de l'inscription de l'espèce et pendant les séances de consultations subséquentes, le cas échéant. Cette évaluation tient compte de toutes les données scientifiques existantes pour évaluer le potentiel de rétablissement du petit-bec au Canada. v SPECIES INFORMATION Scientific Name – Opsopoeodus emiliae (Hay, 1881) Common Name – Pugnose Minnow Current COSEWIC Status (Year of Designation) – Threatened (2012) COSEWIC Reason for Designation1 – This fish is a small-bodied species with a restricted and declining distribution that inhabits river, stream and lake habitats. The species is threatened by habitat loss, habitat degradation from nutrient and sediment loading, climate change and several exotic species. The overall level of threat has been assessed as high. Current Species at Risk Act Status (Schedule) – Special Concern (Schedule 1) Current Ontario Endangered Species Act Status (Year of Designation) – Special Concern Range in Canada – Ontario BACKGROUND DESIGNATION The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assessed the status of Pugnose Minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) in April 1985 as Special Concern. This status was re-assessed and confirmed as Special Concern in May 2000. When re-examined in May 2012, Pugnose Minnow status was changed to Threatened. The reason given for this designation was that, “This fish is a small-bodied species with a
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