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The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C
The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C. Hale Sipe One cannot travel far in Western Pennsylvania with- out passing the sites of Indian towns, Delaware, Shawnee and Seneca mostly, or being reminded of the Pennsylvania Indians by the beautiful names they gave to the mountains, streams and valleys where they roamed. In a future paper the writer will set forth the meaning of the names which the Indians gave to the mountains, valleys and streams of Western Pennsylvania; but the present paper is con- fined to a brief description of the principal Indian towns in the western part of the state. The writer has arranged these Indian towns in alphabetical order, as follows: Allaquippa's Town* This town, named for the Seneca, Queen Allaquippa, stood at the mouth of Chartier's Creek, where McKees Rocks now stands. In the Pennsylvania, Colonial Records, this stream is sometimes called "Allaquippa's River". The name "Allaquippa" means, as nearly as can be determined, "a hat", being likely a corruption of "alloquepi". This In- dian "Queen", who was visited by such noted characters as Conrad Weiser, Celoron and George Washington, had var- ious residences in the vicinity of the "Forks of the Ohio". In fact, there is good reason for thinking that at one time she lived right at the "Forks". When Washington met her while returning from his mission to the French, she was living where McKeesport now stands, having moved up from the Ohio to get farther away from the French. After Washington's surrender at Fort Necessity, July 4th, 1754, she and the other Indian inhabitants of the Ohio Val- ley friendly to the English, were taken to Aughwick, now Shirleysburg, where they were fed by the Colonial Author- ities of Pennsylvania. -
In Search of the Indiana Lenape
IN SEARCH OF THE INDIANA LENAPE: A PREDICTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE LENAPE LIVING ALONG THE WHITE RIVER IN INDIANA FROM 1790 - 1821 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY JESSICA L. YANN DR. RONALD HICKS, CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2009 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research Goals ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theory and Methods ................................................................................................. 6 Explaining Contact and Its Material Remains ............................................................................. 6 Predicting the Intensity of Change and its Effects on Identity................................................... 14 Change and the Lenape .............................................................................................................. 16 Methods .................................................................................................................................... -
Parks and Open Space Plan (PDF)
February 2010 BRC-TAG-12-5-23 The contributions of the following agencies, groups, and individuals were vital to the successful development of this Comprehensive Recreation, Parks, and Open Space Plan. They are commended for their interest in the project and for the input they provided throughout the planning process. Venango County Commissioners Timothy S. Brooks, Chair Troy A. Wood, Vice-Chair Janet D. Beichner Venango County Regional Planning Commission Judith Downs, Executive Director Project Study Committee Marilyn Black, Oil Region Alliance, Heritage Development, Vice President Judy Downs, Venango County Regional Planning Commission, Executive Director Jacob Weiland, Oil Creek State Park, Park Manager Deb Frawley, Council on Greenways and Trails Mike Henderson, Oil Region Alliance, Project Manager Jim Holden, Allegheny Valley Trails Association, President Debb Kapp, Venango County Regional Planning Commission Steve Kosak, Charitable Trust, Consultant Lori Sloss, UMPC – Employee Health Cecile Stelter, DCNR – Dept. of Forestry, District Forester David Strickland, Two Mile Run Park Advisory Board Richard Mahalic, Two Mile Run Park Director This project was fi nanced, in part, by a grant from the Community Conservation Partnership Program, Keystone Recreation, Park, and Conservation Fund, under the administration of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation. Additional funding was provided by: • Oil Region Alliance of Business, Industry, and Tourism • Edith C. Justus -
Parks and Open Space Plan Appendix (PDF)
February 2010 VENANGO COUNTY - PUBLIC RECREATIONAL RESOURCES BY PLANNING UNIT g PLANNING UNIT MUNICIPALITY FACILITY Picnic Pavilion Concession Stand Baseball Field Softball Field Box Press Batting Cage Tennis Court Basketball Court Miniature Golf Court Bocce Horse Shoe Court Playground Racquetball Court Skate Park Hockey Dek Trail Pond/Lake/River Center Nature/History Community Center Court Volleyball Volleyball Court-Sand Football Field Track Gazebo Maintenance Building Camping grounds Boat/Canoe Launch Ice Arena Pool Amphitheater Bandstand Field Soccer Neighborhood Park Acrea Community Park Acreage Other acreage Allegheny NORTHERN Township 00000000000000000000000000000000 Canal Township 00000000000000000000000000000000 Cherrytree Township Cherrytree Pavilion Park 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5 Cooperstown Cooperstown Aluminum Borough Park 3 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.01 Cornplanter Township Pithole Historic Park 10000000000000010100000000000000 95 Jackson Township 00000000000000000000000000000000 Oakland Township Two Mile Run County Park 13 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2,595 Oil Creek Township Drake Well Museum 10000000001000011100000010000000 173 Oil Creek Township Oil Creek State Park 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,294.70 Pine Grove Township Harvest Home Park 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27.84 Pleasantville Borough Merrick Street Complex 01200100000100000000000010000000 -
The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730--1795
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795 Richard S. Grimes West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Grimes, Richard S., "The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4150. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4150 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730-1795 Richard S. Grimes Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth A. -
I a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts And
“ALL THE NATIONS TO THE SUN SETTING” GEORGE CROGHAN, EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF EMPIRE IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Liberal Studies By Jeffrey Michael Zimmerman, M.B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. December 28, 2015 i ©2015 by Jeffrey Michael Zimmerman All Rights Reserved ii “ALL THE NATIONS TO THE SUN SETTING” GEORGE CROGHAN, EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF EMPIRE IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA Jeffrey Michael Zimmerman, MBA Chair: Ronald M. Johnson, PhD ABSTRACT George Croghan was a mid-eighteenth-century British Indian agent. Born in Ireland, he came to America and settled in Pennsylvania in 1741. As an Ohio Valley fur trader he pushed far enough west to invite destruction of his Great Miami River depot by New France in 1752. Over time he befriended Shawnee, Ohio Huron and Miami Indians. Indian Department Superintendent Sir William Johnson rewarded his countryman’s effectiveness by appointing him western deputy. Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War added Illinois to Croghan’s responsibilities. General Lord Jeffrey Amherst led Britain’s war efforts; he was replaced by General Thomas Gage, under whom Croghan had served at Braddock’s Defeat. Pontiac’s War ensued; Gage and Johnson relied on Croghan, who knew the Ottawa leader, to end it. However, Croghan’s focus became blurred by land speculation. Several western land schemes crafted by Croghan and Philadelphia financier Samuel Wharton either failed or were cut short by the American Revolution. -
Left Logstown, Near the Present Site of An> Bridge, Pennsylvania, On
FROM LOGSTOWN TO VENANGO WITH GEORGE WASHINGTON1 W. WALTER BRAHAM Washington left Logstown, near the present site of An> Georgebridge, Pennsylvania, on Saturday, November 30, 1753, and arrived at Venango, now Franklin, Pennsylvania, on Tuesday, Decem- ber 4. His route between these two points has been the subject of much speculation. Washington's biographers, from John Marshall, who blandly assumes that he went up the Allegheny River, to the late Doug- las Southall Freeman, who traced his route through Branchton inButler County, all adopt without comment the theory of a journey by a direct route from Logstown to Venango by way of Murderingtown. Dr. Free- man's recent and excellent volumes on "Young Washington'' give present point to the inquiry. The first-hand evidence on the trip of Washington to Fort Le Boeuf is of course in the diaries of Washington and of his companion, Christopher Gist, and the map of western Pennsylvania and Virginia believed to have been prepared by Washington himself and now lodged in the British Museum. 2 The diary entries are brief and may be quoted in full. Washington's diary entries concerning this part of his trip are: [Nov.] 30th. We set out about 9 o-Clock with the Half-King, Jeska- kake, White Thunder, and the Hunter; and travelled on the Road to Venango, where we arrived the 4th of December, without any Thing remarkable happening but a continued Series of bad Weather. [Dec] 4£7i. This is an old Indian Town, situated at the Mouth of French Creek on Ohio; and lies near N. -
Iroquois Council: Choosing Sides
1 Revolutionary War Unit Iroquois Council: Choosing Sides TIME AND GRADE LEVEL One 45 or 50 minute class period in Grade 4 through 8. PURPOSE AND CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT QUESTIONS History is the chronicle of choices made by actors/agents/protagonists who, in very specific contexts, unearth opportunities and inevitably encounter impediments. During the Revolutionary War people of every stripe navigated turbulent waters. As individuals and groups struggled for their own survival, they also shaped the course of the nation. Whether a general or a private, male or female, free or enslaved, each became a player in a sweeping drama. The instructive sessions outlined here are tailored for upper elementary and middle school students, who encounter history most readily through the lives of individual historical players. Here, students actually become those players, confronted with tough and often heart-wrenching choices that have significant consequences. History in all its complexity comes alive. It is a convoluted, thorny business, far more so than streamlined timelines suggest, yet still accessible on a personal level to students at this level. In this simulation, elementary or middle school students convene as an Iroquois council in upstate New York, 1777. British agents are trying to convince Iroquois nations to take their side in the Revolutionary War. They come with a lavish display of gifts. True to Iroquois tradition, women as well as men attend this council. Each student assumes the persona of a young warrior, mother, older sachem, etc. The class is presented with relevant factors to consider—the numbers, strength, and allegiances of nearby white settlers; the decisions that other Native nations have made; the British promise that Native people west of the Appalachian Mountains can keep their land. -
Pennsylvania History
PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY Quarterly Journal of the Pennsylvania Historical Association H. BENJAMIN PowELL, Editor Department of History Bloomsburg State College Bloomsburg, Pa. 17815 JAMEs P. RODECHxO EDNA M. POwELL Associate Editor Assistant Editor Department of History 514 E. 6th Street Wilkes College Berwick, Pa. 18603 Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 HARRY E. WisiEY, News Editor NORMAN B. WILKINSON Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Book Review Editor Commission Hagley Museum Box 1026 Box 3942 Harrisburg, Pa. 17108 Greenville, Del. 19807 EDITORIAL BOARD WALLACE E. DAVIES PHILI S. KLEIN FRANcIs JENNINGS HORACE MONTcoMERY JAMES A. Kmn. S. K. STEVENS CONTRIBUTING EDITORS ROBERT L. BLOOM JOHN B. FRANz JOHN M. COLEMAN HOMER T. RosENBERGER PHM"LP S. FONER RUssELL WEIGLEY VOLUME XL January, 1973, to October, 1973 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XL Number 1, January, 1973 VICTOR E. PIOLLET: PORTRAIT OF A COUNTRY POLITICIAN - - - ------ ---- Ralph Hazeltine 1 PINCHOT, PROHIBITION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: THE PENNSYLVANIA ELECTION OF 1930 - Irwin F. Greenberg 21 BUCHANAN'S PATRONAGE POLICY: AN ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE POLITICAL STRENGTH David Meerse 37 JACOBITISM CRUSHED: AN EPISODE CONCERNING LOYALTY AND JUSTICE IN COLONIAL PENNSYLVANIA, Thomas Wendel 59 THE FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING -- Charles H. Glatfelter 66 NEWS AND COMMENT ------ ---- Harry E. Whipkey 73 BOOK REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTES Norman B. Wilkinson 95 Number 2, April, 1973 THE BACKGROUND OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S IMPERIAL APOSTASY 1751-1766 - -- - - ---- Kirk Willis 123 COLONEL HENRY BOUQUETS OHIO EXPEDITION IN 1764 ------ - - ----. Paul K. Adams 139 PHILADELPHIA MERCHANTS AND THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS - - -- - -- -- Robert F. Oaks 149 THE CONWAY CABAL: MYTH OR REALlTY, Gloria E. Brenneman 169 THE LOCATION OF THE PLATFORM FROM WHICH LINCOLN DELIVERED THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS - Frederick Tilberg 179 NEWS AND COMMENT Harry E. -
Albright, Rebecca Gifford, "The Civil War Abercrombie, Gen
A Major Robert Stobo, rev., 48, 389-91 rev. of Point of Empire :Conflict at the Abbott, John Charles, 48, 118 Forks of the Ohio, 53, 387-88 Abbott, WilliamD., 53, 9 Albree, Joseph (1850), 49, 171 Abbott, W. L. (1888), 48, 4 Albright, Rebecca Gifford, "The Civil War Abercrombie, Gen. James, 44, 108 ;45, 297 ; Career of Andrew Gregg Cur tin, Governor 46, 23, 251; 50, 99 of Pennsylvania," 47, 323-41; 48, 19-42, Aber's Creek (1758), 46, 52, 53 151-73 Abingdon, Earl of, 53, 109-10 Alcoholic consumption (1792-1823), 46, 349 Abolition Alcoholics, 46, 355 letter, 51, 77-79 Alcuin, Warren Co., 49, 314-16 Academy of Science and Art (Pgh.), 48, 60 Alden, Frank E., 48, 9 "Account Book of General John Neville," ed. Alden and Harlow (1896), 48, 9 by James H.Moon, 52, 345-60 Aldrich, Capt. C. S. (1864), 47, 235, 342 Acheson, David, 45, 38 Alexander, Eugene (1861), 49, 48 Acheson, Thomas, 45, 38 Alexander, Mary (c.1825), 49, 102 Acheson family, 45, 38 Alexander Hutchinson and Company (1895), Acorn, ship (1896), 48, 48 48, 291 Adams, Ida Bright (Mrs. Marcellin C.) Alexandria, Va. church history, 48, 2 CivilWar, 44, 107, 127; 45, 162, 241, 242, "The Civil War Letters of James Rush 244, 246, 250, 252; 46, 4, 11, 12, 14, Holmes," 44, 105-27 15, 270 Adams, John Quincy, 44, 238, 239; 47, 292 colonial, 44, 384, 392 Adams, Michael (1801), 49, 53 Alger, Horatio, 51, 287-88 Adams, Mrs. S. Jarvis, 44, 106 Aliquippa Incline Plane Company (1891), Adams, Sarah Jane, 44, 105-27 46, 328 Adams, Thomas, 46, 162 Allanowissica (1775), 47, 145, 152n Adams and Yernon, 48, 191 Allegheny Arsenal Additions to HSWP Collections. -
The Plight and the Bounty: Squatters, War Profiteers, and the Transforming Hand of Sovereignty in Indian Country, 1750-1774
The Plight and the Bounty: Squatters, War Profiteers, and the Transforming Hand of Sovereignty in Indian Country, 1750-1774 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Melissah J. Pawlikowski Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. John L. Brooke, Advisor Dr. Lucy Murphy Dr. Margaret Newell Copyright by Melissah J. Pawlikowski 2014 Abstract “The Plight and the Bounty: Squatters, War Profiteers & the Transforming Hand of Sovereignty in the Indian Country, 1750-1774” explores the creation of a European & Indian commons in the Ohio Valley as well as an in-depth examination of the network of interethnic communities and a secondary economic system created by refugee Euroamerican, Black, and Indian inhabitants. Six elements of creolization—the fusion of language, symbols, and legal codes; the adoption of material goods; and the exchange of labor and knowledge—resulted in ethnogenesis and a local culture marked by inclusivity, tolerance, and a period of peace. Finally this project details how, in the absence of traditional power brokers, Indians and Europeans created and exchanged geopolitical power between local Indians and Euroamericans as a method of legitimizing authority for their occupation of the Ohio Valley. ii Vita 2005 ............................................................... B.A., History, University of Pittsburgh 2007 .............................................................. -
Kuskusky Towns and Early Western Pennsylvania Indian History, 1748-1778
Kuskusky Towns and Early Western Pennsylvania Indian History, 1748-1778 URING THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, Indians throughout eastern North America came under increasing pressure from D Euro-American colonies. This was especially true for native societies living on the borders of Anglo-America. The growing conflict between Great Britain and France after 1689 threatened not only the peace of their respective American colonies, but also the survival of many Indian nations, from the Iroquois of New York to the Cherokees and Creeks of the southeast, who found themselves living between the imperial giants. Of equal concern to the Delawares and Shawnees of eastern Pennsylvania was the rising tide of colonial settlement that threatened to appropriate and extinguish the natives' political indepen- dence and cultural identities. The history of one Indian townsite in the Beaver River Valley of western Pennsylvania demonstrates how some native peoples met the challenges of a world in which the balance of political and cultural power was shifting dramatically toward colonial societies that contin- ued to expand at the expense of nearby Indians. Located at or near present-day New Castle, Pennsylvania, the original town site, then called Kuskusky, was occupied by Iroquois who, like their Delaware and Shawnee neighbors, brought to western Pennsylvania the social and political threats that frequently accompanied colonial settlements and inter-colonial conflicts. By 1748, the upper Ohio Valley had been transformed into a cockpit of international and intercolonial rivalries that once more threatened the Indians living there. For almost thirty years thereafter, the Indians at Kuskusky and the newer "Kuskuskies" towns were often at the center of the Indians' now familiar struggle for security, a struggle that effectively ended in the mid-1770s when the towns and western Pennsylvania passed from the Indians' world to that of the new United States.