LEGISLATIVE DAY IN WASHINGTON
Tuesday, April 16 of National Library Week April 14-20, 1985
Sponsors: American Library Association, District of Columbia Library Association, participating state library/media associations, and other contributing organiza tions.
SCHEDULE
Morning Briefing: 8:15 to 9:30 a.m., Rayburn House Office Building, Room 2168 (Gold Room), first floor. Information folders, last minute instructions, briefing on status of library-related legislation. 8:40 a.m., briefing by Eileen D. Cooke, Director, ALA Washington Office, and Jack Jennings, Associate General Counsel, House Committee on Education and Labor. Coffee can be purchased in the Rayburn cafeteria or snack bar (see opening times below). Room 2105 has been reserved for participant's use between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.
Congressional Office Visits: 9:45 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., or according to your previously set appointments. Consult the Capitol Hill maps and directory in your folder for Congressional office and telephone numbers.
Wrap-up Session: 4:00 to 5:00 p.m., Rayburn House Office Building, Room 2168 (Gold Room), first floor. Participants give informal reports of their meetings with legislators and their aides, and discuss events of the day.
Congressional Reception: 5:00 to 7:00 p.m., Rayburn House Office Building, Room 2175. Dress informal. A photographer will be available if you wish to have pictures taken with your Senator or Representative for your local press.
LUNCHEON SUGGESTIONS
There are full cafeterias as well as lunch counters and snack bars with limited seating in the Capitol and Congressional office buildings. Check with the guards for specific locations. They can be crowded and are restricted at certain times to employees only. Early hours are often best. The main cafeterias on the Hill are listed below with the hours they are open to the public : Capitol Coffee Shop ...... 8:00 - 11:00 1:15 - 3:00 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. Restaurant ...... 11:30 - 12:00 1:30 - 3:00 Coffee Shop . . . . 7:30 - 10:00 Library of Congress - Madison 8:30 - 10:30 11:00 - 2:00 Longworth House Office Bldg. 7:30 - 2:30 Rayburn House Office Bldg. Cafeteria ...... 7:30 - 10:45 1:15 - 2:30 Snack Bar . . . . 10:30 - 4:00 Supreme Court Cafeteria . . 11:30 - 12:00 12 :15 - 1:00 1:15 - 2:00 Snack Bar . . . 10:30 - 3:30 Other restaurants: You will find a variety of sandwich shops and restaurants within walking distance. From the House side, go to the first few blocks of Pennsylvania Ave., S.E. From the Senate side, go to 2nd & D Streets, N.E. and to the 200 block of Massachusetts Ave., N.E. SPONSORS LIBRARY LEGISLATIVE DAY 1985
Library and Related Associations and Institutions
American Association of Law Libraries Kentucky Departmentfor Libraries and Archives American Library Association Louisiana Library Association Arizona Library Association Maryland Educational Media Organization Arkansas Library Association Maryland Library Association Association for Library and Information Medical Library Association Science Education Michigan Library Association Association for Library Service to Children, ALA Minnesota Library Association Association of Research Libraries Mississippi Library Association California Media and Library Educators Association Missouri Library Association Colorado Library Association Montana Library Association Connecticut Library Association Mountain Plains Library Association DelawareLibrary Association National Federation of Abstracting District of Columbia Library Association and Indexing Service Florida Library Association Nebraska Library Association Georgia Council of Public Libraries New Jersey Library Association Georgia Library Association New York Library Association Illinois Library Association North Carolina Central University Indiana Library Association/IndianaLibrary North Carolina Library Association Trustee Association North Dakota Library Association
DAY Library and Related Associations and Institutions, (continued) Ohio Library Association Special Libraries Association Oklahoma Library Association TennesseeLibrary Association PennsylvaniaLibrary Association Texas Library Association Rhode Island Library Association Urban Libraries Council South Carolina Association of School Librarians Virginia Library Association South Carolina Library Association West Virginia Library Association South Dakota Library Association Wyoming Library Association ahe Nation's £ibrary Community
Commercial and Industrial Organizations requeststhe pleasureof your company Association of American University Presses, Inc. Gaylord Bros., Inc. Baker & Taylor Highsmith Company, Inc. at receptionhosteJ by Bantam Books, Inc. Informatics General Corporation a Bowker, R.R. Company Minolta Corporation Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. NAVA, International Communications ahe 'District ofColumbia £ibrary 71..ssociation C L Systems, Inc. Industries Association CongressionalInformation Service, Inc. Porta-StructuresIndustries, Inc. anJ CongressionalQuarterly , Inc. Prentice-Hall, Inc. DataPhaseSystems, Inc. Random House, Inc. Dialog Information Services, Inc. System DevelopmentCorporation ahe Jl.merican£ibrary 71..ssociation Donnelley, R.R. & Sons Company Time-Life Books, Inc. Ebsco Industries.Inc. University Microfilms International to celebrate EncyclopediaBritannica , Inc. WashingtonResearchers Faxon, F.W. Company, Inc. World Book, Inc. Gale ResearchCompany National .CibraryWeek on auesJay, 71.pril16, 1985 from 5 - 7 p.m.
:RayburnOffice :Bui/Jing,room 2175
:R.S.V.P. JlEJ-l.Washington Office 547-4440 by CluesJay,7-l.pril 9, 1985 WAYS TO COMMUNICATE WITH LEGISLATORS
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PERSCNAL VISITS. Faoe to face discussion is the m:>st effective neans of oamunication, and essential to the establisbnent of a solid workin;J re lationship if you do oot already krow each other. A meeting is nore easily arranged early in a session, before pressures l:uild up.
All legislators have one or m:,re district offices. Visits there will often be m:,re convenient for you than in washin:Jt,on. Members of Congress return pericxlically (check with the district office), during Congressional recesses, and between sessions.
Constituents are always weloane in wash:i.n:Jton. Be sure you have a firm appointment. Use the district office to make local or capitol appointments. (Get to koow district staffs: secretaries and administrative assistants. Close workin;J relationships will benefit in many ways.)
Take aloD:3 others -- library director, trustee, Frien:l, representative of a cx:rmuni.ty organization, citizen activist. Keep the delegation snail enough for an easy exchange of viewpoints with the legislator. Leave your card and any written infonnation you may have prepared. Follow up with a letter of awreciation for the time given to you, and in:::l\Xle aey additional infonnation suggested by the visit. · jllll!!~~• TELEPHCNE CALLS. ~ you have nade the acquaintance of your representative, ~ teleph:>ne calls are approptiate and easy. Make~ sparingly to the ---- legislator, wh:>se time is heavily occupied. (Regular oontact with staff is possible and desirable.)
Teleph:me to ask suwcrt before a hearing or floor vote; to ask for help with legislative colleagues; to convey urgent local ooncenl. JUdge h::M far to pirsue by the reaction. Remsnber that it is m:>re difficult for a legislator to tanporize in a conversation than by letter.
LET1'ERS, IETl'ERS, IE'.I'1ERS. 'lhese are the chief fuel which powers any ~ legislative vehicle. They are read. They elicit responses. They -~ represent votes. (Fach letter writer is deaned to represent several like-mimed if less highly m:>tivated oonstituents.)
letters may be fonnal or infonnal, typewritten or han::lwritten. They sh:>uld be oanp;:>serl by you, giving your reasons for your position (and giving the legislator reasons to support it). If you are askin;J su:RJC)rt for a particular bill, cite it by number and autinr, and give its title or subject matter.
TEIBiRAMS & .MAIIGRAM.S. These are fast, easy ways to cxmrunicate with legislators when the need for action is critical: just prior to a cx:mnittee or floor vote. Use western Union's nationwide toll-free teleph:>ne number: 800-325-6000,. Varia.ls low rates are available. * * * FIVE ~IC RJIES FOO Ef'Fl:X.:l'IVE CXJMJNICATIOO
1. Be Brief. A legislator's time is limited. So is yairs. 2. Be Appreciative. Acklx,wledge past SlJRlOrt, ard convey thanks for current action. 3. Be ~ific. Refer to local library and district needs. · 4. Be onnative. Give reasons why a measure sln1ld be suwarta:1. 5. Be Courteous. Ask; do oot danan:1 or threaten. Be positive hlt polite.
AJA Washington Office, with thanks to california Library Association. The most frequently used, correct forms of address are:
To your Senator: To your Representative: The Honorable (full name) The Honorable (full name) United States Senate U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20510 Washington, D.C. 20515
"Sincerely yours" is in good taste as a complimentary close. Remember to sign your given name and surname. If you use a title in your signature, be sure to enclose it in parentheses. Forms similar to the above, addressed to your state capital, are appropriate for your state representatives and senators. Where possible use your official letterhead. If this is not in order, and you write as an individual, use plain white bond paper, and give your official title following your signature as a means of identification and to indicate your competency to speak on the subject.
DO's DON'Ts 1. Your Legislators like to hear opinions from home and 1. Avoid letters that merely demand or insist on votes for or want to be kept informed of conditions in the district. against a certain bill; or that say what vote you want but Base your letter on your own pertinent experiences and not why. A letter with no reasoning, good or bad, is not observations. very influential.
2. If writing about a specific bill, describe it by number or its 2. Threats of defeat at the next election are not effective. popular name. Your Legislators have thousands of bills before them in the course of a year, and cannot always 3. Boasts of how influential the writer is are not helpful. take time to figure out to which one you are referring. 4. Do not ask for a vote commitment on a particular bill 3. They appreciate intelligent, well-thought-out letters before the committee in charge of the subject has had a which present a definite position, even if they do not chance to hear the evidence and make its report. agree. 5. Form letters or letters which include excerpts from other 4. Even more important and valuable to them is a concrete letters on the same subject are not as influential as a statement of the reasons for your position-particularly simple letter drawing on your own experience. if you are writing about a field in which you have specialized knowledge. Representatives have to vote on 6. Congressional courtesy requires Legislators to refer let many matters with which they have had little or no first ters from non-constituents to the proper offices, so you hand experience. Some of the most valuable information should generally confine your letter-writing to members they receive comes from facts presented in letters from of your state's delegation or members of the committee people who have knowledge in the field. specifically considering the bill.
5. Short letters are almost always best. Members of Con 7. Do not engage in letter-writing overkill. Quality, not quan gress receive many, many letters each day, and a long tity, is what counts. one may not get as prompt a reading as a brief statement.
6. Letters should be timed to arrive while the issue is alive. Members of the committee considering the bill will ap preciate having your views while the bill is ripe for study and action.
7. Don't forget to follow through with a thank-you letter. CAPITOL DIRECTORY
99th CONGRESS UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REPRESENTATIVES
(Democrats in roman; Republicans in italic; Resident Commissioner and Delegates in boldface Deceased Member in bold brackets [])
[Room numbers with 3 digits are in the Cannon HOB, 4 digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth HOB, 4 digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn HOB, digits beginning with H2 are in HOB Annex 2] [Capitol room numbers begin with SB, ST, HB, HT with 2 digits and begin with H or S with 3 digits]
Compiled by BENJAMIN J. GUTHRIE, Clerk of the House
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Ackerman, Gary L. (N.Y.) ...... 52601 1725 Boner, William Hill (Tenn.) ...... 54311 107 Addabbo, Joseph P. (N.Y.) ...... 53461 2365 Bonior, David E. (Mich.) ...... 52106 2242 Akaka, Daniel K. (Hawaii) ...... 54906 2301 Bonker, Don (Wash.) ...... 53536 434 Alexander, Bill (Ark.) ...... 54076 233 Borski, Robert A. (Pa.) ...... 58251 314 Anderson, Glenn M. (Calif.) ...... 56676 2329 Bosco, Douglas H. (Calif.) ...... 53311 408 Andrews, Michael A. (Tex.) ...... 57508 1039 Boucher, Frederick C. (Va.) ...... 53861 428 Annunzio, Frank (Ill.)...... 56661 2303 Boulter, Beau (Tex.) ...... 53706 1427 Anthony, Beryl, Jr. (Ark.) ...... 53772 1117 Boxer, Barbara (Calif.) ...... 55161 315 Applegate, Douglas (Ohio)...... 56265 2464 Breaux, John B. (La.) ...... 52031 2113 Archer, Bill (Tex.) ...... 52571 1135 Brooks, Jack (Tex.) ...... 56565 2449 Armey, Richard K. (Tex.) ...... 57772 514 Broomfield, Wm. S. (Mich.)...... 56135 2306 Aspin, Les (Wis.)...... 53031 442 Brown, George E., Jr. (Calif.) ...... 56161 2256 Atkins, Chester G. (Mass.) ...... 53411 1429 Brown, Hank (Colo.) ...... 54676 1510 AuCoin, Les (Oreg.) ...... 50855 2159 Broyhill, James T. (N.C.) ...... 52576 2340 Badham, Robert E. (Calif.) ...... 55611 2438 Bruce, Terry L. (Ill.) ...... 550.01 1009 Barnard, Doug, Jr. (Ga.) ...... 54101 236 Bryant, John (Tex.) ...... 52231 412 Barnes, Michael D. (Md.) ...... 55341 401 Burton, Dan (Ind.)...... 52276 120 Bartlett, Steve (Tex.)...... 54201 1709 Burton, Sala (Calif.)...... 54965 1408 Barton, Joe (Tex.)...... 52002 1017 Bustamante, Albert G. (Tex.) ...... 54511 1116 Bateman, Herbert H. (Va.) ...... 54261 1518 Byron, Beverly B. (Md.)...... 52721 1216 Bates, Jim (Calif.) ...... 55452 1404 Callahan, Sonny (Ala.)...... 54931 1631 Bedell, Berkley (Iowa) ...... 55476 2459 Campbell, Carroll A., Jr. (S.C.) ...... 56030 106 Beilenson, Anthony C. (Calif.)...... 55911 1025 Carney, William (N.Y.) ...... 53826 1424 Bennett, Charles E. (Fla.) ...... 52501 2107 Carper, Thomas R. (Del.) ...... 54165 1020 Bentley, Helen Delich (Md.)...... 53061 1610 Carr, Bob (Mich.) ...... 54872 2439 Bereuter, Doug (Nebr.) ...... 54806 2446 Chandler, Rod (Wash.) ...... 57761 216 Berman, Howard L. (Calif.) ...... 54695 1221 Chappell, Bill, Jr. (Fla.) ...... 54035 2468 Bevill, Tom (Ala.) ...... 54876 2302 Chappie, Gene (Calif.) ...... 53076 1730 Biaggi, Mario (N.Y.) ...... 52464 2428 Cheney, Dick (Wyo.) ...... 52311 225 Bilirakis, Michael (Fla.) ...... 55755 1130 Clay, William (Bill) (Mo.)...... 52406 2470 Blaz, Ben (Guam)...... 51188 1729 Clinger, William F., Jr. (Pa.) ...... ,..... 55121 1122 Bliley, Thomas J., Jr. (Va.)...... 52815 213 Coats, Dan (Ind.) ...... 54436 1417 Boehlert, Sherwood L. (N.Y.) ...... 53665 1641 Cobey, William W., Jr. (N.C.) ...... 51784 510 Boggs, Lindy (Mrs. Hale) (La.)...... 56636 2353 Coble, Howard (N.C.) ...... 53065 1338 Boland, Edward P. (Mass.) ...... 55601 2426 Coelho, Tony (Calif.)...... 56131 403 (Rev. 1-28-85)
42-699 O REPRESENTATIVES
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Coleman, E. Thomas (Mo.) ...... 57041 2344 Evans, Cooper (Iowa) ...... 53301 127 Coleman, Ronald D. (Tex.) ...... 54831 416 Evans, Lane (Ill.) ...... 55905 328 Collins, Cardiss (Ill.)...... 55006 2264 Fascell, Dante B. (Fla.) ...... 54506 2354 Combest, Larry (Tex.) ...... 54005 1529 Fauntroy, Walter E. (D.C.) ...... 58050 2135 Conte, Silvio 0. (Mass.)...... 55335 2300 Fawell, Harris W. (Ill.) ...... 53515 511 Conyers, John, Jr. (Mich.) ...... 55126 2313 Fazio, Vic (Calif.) ...... 55716 1421 Cooper, Jim (Tenn.) ...... 56831 125 Feighan, Edward F. (Ohio)...... 55731 1223 Coughlin, Lawrence (Pa.)...... 56111 2467 Fiedler, Bobbi (Calif.) ...... 55811 1607 Courter, Jim (N.J.) ...... 55801 2422 Fields, Jack (Tex.) ...... 54901 413 Coyne, William J. (Pa.) ...... 52301 424 Fish, Hamilton, Jr. (N.Y.) ...... 55441 2227 Craig, Larry E. (Idaho) ...... 56611 1318 Flippo, Ronnie G. (Ala.) ...... 54801 2334 Crane, Philip M (Ill.)...... 53711 1035 Florio, James J. (N.J.) ...... 56501 2162 Crockett, Geo. W., Jr. (Mich.) ...... 52261 1531 Foglietta, Thomas M. (Pa.) ...... 54731 1217 Daniel, Dan (Va.) ...... 54711 2308 Foley, Thomas S. (Wash.) ...... 52006 1201 Dannemeyer, William E. (Calif.) ...... 54111 1214 Ford, Harold E. (Tenn.)...... 53265 2305 Darden, George (Buddy) (Ga.) ...... 52931 1330 Ford, William D. (Mich.)...... 56261 239 Daschle, Thomas A. (S. Dak.) ...... 52801 2455 Fowler, Wyche, Jr. (Ga.) ...... 53801 1210 Daub, Hal (Nebr.) ...... 54155 1019 Frank, Barney (Mass.) ...... 55931 1030 Davis, Robert W. (Mich.) ...... 54735 1124 Franklin, Webb (Miss.) ...... 55876 124 de la Garza, E (Tex.) ...... 52531 1401 Frenzel, Bill (Minn.)...... 52871 1026 DeLay, Thomas D. (Tom) (Tex.) ...... 55951 1234 Frost, Martin (Tex.)...... 53605 1238 Dellums, Ronald V. (Calif.) ...... 52661 2136 Fuqua, Don (Fla.)...... 55235 2269 de Lugo, Ron (V.I.) ...... 51790 2238 Fuster, Jaime B. (P.R.) ...... 52615 1428 Derrick, Butler (S.C.)...... 55301 201 Gallo, Dean A. (N.J.) ...... 55034 1724 De Wine, Michael (Ohio)...... 54324 1519 Garcia, Robert (N.Y.) ...... 54361 223 Dickinson, William L. (Ala.) ...... 52901 2406 Gaydos, Joseph M. (Pa.) ...... 54631 2186 Dicks, Norman D. (Wash.) ...... 55916 2429 Gejdenson, Sam (Conn.) ...... 52076 1410 Dingell, John D. (Mich.) ...... 54071 2221 Gekas, George W. (Pa.) ...... 54315 1008 DioGuardi, Joseph J. (N.Y.) ...... 56506 1630 Gephardt, Richard A. (Mo.)...... 52671 1436 Dixon, Julian C. (Calif.) ...... 57084 423 Gibbons, Sam (Fla.) ...... 53376 2204 Donnelly, Brian J. (Mass.) ...... 53215 438 Gilman, Benjamin A. (N.Y.) ...... 53776 2160 Dorgan, Byron L. (N. Dak.) ...... 52611 238 Gingrich, Newt (Ga.)...... 54501 1005 Dornan, Robert K. (Calif.)...... 52965 301 Glickman, Dan (Kans.) ...... 56216 2435 Dowdy, Wayne (Miss.) ...... 55865 214 Gonzalez, Henry B. (Tex.)...... 53236 2413 Downey, Thomas J. (N.Y.) ...... 53335 2232 Goodling, William F. (Pa.) ...... 55836 2263 Dreier, David (Calif.)...... 52305 410 Gordon, Bart (Tenn.)...... 54231 1517 Duncan, John J. (Tenn.) ...... 55435 2206 Gradison, Willis D., Jr. (Ohio) ...... 53164 2311 Durbin, Richard J. (Ill.) ...... 55271 417 Gray, Kenneth J. (Ill.) ...... 55201 2109 Dwyer, Bernard J. (N.J.) ...... 56301 404 Gray, William H., III (Pa.) ...... 54001 204 Dymally, Mervyn M. (Calif.)...... 55425 1717 Green, Bill (N.Y.) ...... 52436 1110 Dyson, Roy (Md.) ...... 55311 224 Gregg, Judd (N.H.) ...... 55206 308 Early, Joseph D. (Mass.) ...... 56101 2349 Grotberg, John E. (Ill.) ...... 52976 515 Eckart, Dennis E. (Ohio) ...... 56331 1224 Guarini, Frank J. (N.J.) ...... 52765 2458 Eckert, Fred J. (N.Y.) ...... 53615 427 Gunderson, Steve (Wis.) ...... 55506 227 Edgar, Bob (Pa.) ...... 52011 2352 Hall, Ralph M. (Tex.) ...... 56673 1728 Edwards, Don (Calif.)...... 53072 2307 Hall, Sam B., Jr. (Tex.) ...... 53035 2236 Edwards, Mickey (Okla.)...... 52132 2434 Hall, Tony P. (Ohio) ...... 56465 2448 Emerson, Bill (Mo.) ...... 54404 418 Hamilton, Lee H. (Ind.)...... 55315 2187 English, Glenn (Okla.) ...... 55565 2235 Hammerschmidt, John Paul (Ark.)..... 54301 2207 Erdreich, Ben (Ala.)...... 54921 439 Hansen, James V. (Utah) ...... 50453 1113 2 REPRESENTATIVES
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Hartnett, Thomas F. (S.C.) ...... 53176 228 Lehman, William (Fla.) ...... 54211 2347 Hatcher, Charles (Ga.) ...... 53631 405 Leland, Mickey (Tex.) ...... 53816 419 Hawkins, Augustus F. (Calif.)...... 52201 2371 Lent, Norman F. (N.Y.) ...... 57896 2408 Hayes, Charles A. (Ill.) ...... 54372 1028 Levin, Sander M. (Mich.) ...... 54961 323 Hefner, W. G. (Bill) (N.C.) ...... 53715 2161 Levine, Mel (Calif.) ...... 56451 132 Heftel, Cecil (Cec) (Hawaii)...... 52726 1034 Lewis, Jerry (Calif.) ...... 55861 326 Hendon, Bill (N.C.) ...... 56401 115 Lewis, Tom (Fla.) ...... 55792 1313 Henry, Paul B. (Mich.) ...... 53831 502 Lightfoot, Jim (Iowa)...... 53806 1609 Hertel, Dennis M. (Mich.) ...... 56276 218 Lipinski, William 0. (Ill.) ...... 55701 1032 Hiler, John (Ind.) ...... 53915 407 Livingston, Bob (La.) ...... 53015 2437 Hillis, Elwood (Ind.)...... 55037 2336 Lloyd, Marilyn (Tenn.) ...... 53271 2266 Holt, Marjorie S. (Md.)...... 58090 2412 Loeffl,er, Tom (Tex.) ...... 54236 1212 Hopkins, Larry J. (Ky.) ...... 54706 331 [Long, Gillis W. (La.)] ...... 54926 2185 Horton, Frank (N.Y.) ...... 54916 2229 Lott, Trent (Miss.) ...... 55772 2400 Howard, James J. (N.J.) ...... 54671 2245 Lowery, Bill (Calif.) ...... 53201 1440 Hoyer, Steny H. (Md.) ...... 54131 1513 Lowry, Mike (Wash.)...... 53106 2454 Hubbard, Carroll, Jr. (Ky.) ...... 53115 2182 Lujan, Manuel, Jr. (N. Mex.) .... : ...... 56316 1323 Huckaby, Jerry (La.) ...... 52376 2421 Luken, Thomas A. (Ohio) ...... 52216 2368 Hughes, William J. (N.J .) ...... 56572 341 Lundine, Stan (N.Y.) ...... 53161 2427 Hunter, Duncan (Calif.) ...... 55672 117 Lungren, Dan (Calif.)...... 52415 2440 Hutto, Earl (Fla.) ...... 54136 330 McCain, John (Ariz.) ...... 52635 1123 Hyde, Henry J. (Ill.) ...... 54561 2104 McCandless, Alfred A. (Al) (Calif.) ...... 55330 435 Ireland, Andy (Fla.)...... 55015 2416 McCollum, Bill (Fla.) ...... 52176 1507 Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. (Ind.)...... 54011 1533 McCurdy, Dave (Okla.) ...... 56165 313 Jeffords, James M (Vt.) ...... 54115 2431 McDade, Joseph M (Pa.) ...... 53731 2370 Jenkins, Ed (Ga.) ...... 55211 217 McEwen, Bob (Ohio)...... 55705 329 Johnson, Nancy L. (Conn.) ...... 54476 119 McGrath, Raymond J. (N.Y.) ...... 55516 205 Jones, Ed (Tenn.) ...... 54714 108 McHugh, Matthew F. (N.Y.) ...... 56335 2335 Jones, James R. (Okla.) ...... 52211 203 McKernan, John R., Jr. (Maine) ...... 56116 1535 Jones, Walter B. (N.C.) ...... 53101 241 McKinney, Stewart B. (Conn.)...... 55541 237 Kanjorski, Paul E. (Pa.)...... 56511 1711 McMillan, J. Alex (N.C.)...... 51976 507 Kaptur, Marcy (Ohio) ...... 54146 1228 Mack, Connie (Fla.)...... 52536 504 Kasich, John R. (Ohio) ...... 55355 1133 MacKay, Buddy (Fla.) ...... 55744 503 Kastenmeier, Robert W. (Wis.) ...... 52906 2328 Madigan, Edward R. (Ill.)...... 52371 2312 Kemp, Jack F. (N.Y.) ...... 55265 2252 Manton, Thomas J . (N.Y.) ...... 53965 327 Kennelly, Barbara B. (Conn.) ...... 52265 1230 Markey, Edward J. (Mass.) ...... 52836 2133 Kildee, Dale E. (Mich.) ...... 53611 2432 Marlenee, Ron (Mont.) ...... 51555 409 Kindness, Thomas N. (Ohio)...... 56205 2417 Martin, David O'B. (N.Y.) ...... 54611 109 Kleczka, Gerald D. (Wis.) ...... 54572 226 Martin, Lynn (Ill.) ...... 55676 1208 Kolbe, Jim (Ariz.)...... 52542 1222 Martinez, Matthew G. (Calif.) ...... 55464 430 Kolter, Joe (Pa.) ...... 52565 212 Matsui, Robert T. (Calif.) ...... 57163 231 Kostmayer, Peter H. (Pa.) ...... 54276 123 Mavroules, Nicholas (Mass.)...... 58020 440 Kramer, Ken (Colo.)...... 54422 240 Mazzoli, Romano L. (Ky.) ...... 55401 2246 LaFalce, John J. (N.Y.) ...... 53231 2419 Meyers, Jan (Kans.) ...... 52865 1407 Lagomarsino, Robert J. (Calif.) ...... 53601 2332 Mica, Dan (Fla.) ...... 53001 131 Lantos, Tom (Calif.)...... 53531 1707 Michel, Robert H (Ill.)...... 56201 2112 Latta, Delbert L. (Ohio) ...... 56405 2309 Mikulski, Barbara A. (Md.) ...... 54016 2404 Leach, Jim (Iowa) ..... ,...... 56576 1514 Miller, Clarence E. (Ohio) ...... 55131 2208 Leath, Marvin (Tex.)...... 56105 336 Miller, George (Calif.) ...... 52095 2228 Lehman, Richard H. (Calif.)...... 54540 1319 Miller, John R. (Wash.) ...... 56311 1723 3 REPRESENTATIVES
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Mineta, Norman Y. (Calif.) ...... 52631 2350 Richardson, Bill (N. Mex.) ...... 56190 325 Mitchell, Parren J . (Md.) ...... 54741 2367 Ridge, Thomas J. (Pa.)...... 55406 1714 Moakley, Joe (Mass.) ...... 58273 221 Rinaldo, Matthew J. (N.J.) ...... 55361 2338 Molinari, Guy V. (N.Y.) ...... 53371 208 Ritter, Don (Pa.) ...... 56411 2447 Mollohan, Alan B. (W. Va.) ...... 54172 516 Roberts, Pat (Kans.) ...... 52715 1314 Monson, David S. (Utah) ...... 53011 1022 Robinson, Tommy F. (Ark.) ...... 52506 1541 Montgomery, G. V. (Sonny) (Miss.) ...... 55031 2184 Rodino, Peter W., Jr. (N.J.) ...... 53436 2462 Moody, Jim (Wis.) ...... 53571 1721 Roe, Robert A. (N.J.) ...... 55751 2243 Moore, W. Henson (La.)...... 53901 2183 Roemer, Buddy (La.) ...... 52777 103 Moorhead, Carlos J. (Calif.) ...... 54176 2346 Rogers, Harold (Ky.) ...... 54601 206 Morrison, Bruce A. (Conn.)...... 53661 437 Rose, Charles (N.C.) ...... 52731 2230 Morrison, Sid (Wash.) ...... 55816 1434 Rostenkowski, Dan (Ill.) ...... 54061 2111 Mrazek, Robert J . (N.Y.) ...... 55956 306 Roth, Toby (Wis.)...... 55665 215 Murphy, Austin J . (Pa.) ...... 54665 2210 Roukema, Marge (N.J.) ...... 54465 303 Murtha, John P. (Pa.) ...... 52065 2423 Rowland, J. Roy (Ga.) ...... 56531 513 Myers, John T. (Ind.) ...... 55805 2372 Rowland, John G. (Conn.) ...... 53822 512 Natcher, William H. (Ky.) ...... 53501 2333 Roybal, Edward R. (Calif.)...... 56235 2211 Neal, Stephen L. (N.C.) ...... 52071 2463 Rudd, Eldon (Ariz.)...... 53361 2465 Nelson, Bill (Fla.) ...... 53671 307 Russo, Marty (Ill.) ...... 55736 2233 Nichols, Bill (Ala.)...... 53261 2405 Sabo, Martin Olav (Minn.) ...... 54755 436 Nielson, Howard C. (Utah) ...... 57751 1229 St Germain, Fernand J. (R.I.) ...... 54911 2108 Nowak, Henry J . (N.Y.) ...... 53306 2240 Savage, Gus (Ill.)...... 50773 1121 Oakar, Mary Rose (Ohio) ...... 55871 2436 Saxton, Jim (N.J .) ...... 54765 509 Oberstar, James L. (Minn.) ...... 56211 2351 Schaefer, Dan (Colo.) ...... 57882 1317 Obey, David R. (Wis.) ...... 53365 2217 Scheuer, James H. (N.Y.) ...... 55471 2402 0 'Brien, George M (Ill.) ...... 53635 2369 Schneider, Claudine (R.I.) ...... 52735 1512 Olin, James R. "Jim" (Va.) ...... 55431 1207 Schroeder, Patricia (Colo.)...... 54431 2410 O'Neill, Thomas P ., Jr. (Mass.) ...... 55111 2231 Schuette, Bill (Mich.) ...... 53561 415 Ortiz, Solomon P . (Tex.) ...... 57742 1524 Schulze, Richard T. (Pa.) ...... 55761 2201 Owens, Major R. (N.Y.) ...... 56231 114 Schumer, Charles E. (N.Y.) ...... 56616 126 Oxley, Michael G. (Ohio) ...... 52676 1108 Seiberling, John F. (Ohio) ...... 55231 1225 Packard, Ron (Calif.)...... 53906 316 Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. (Wis.)...... 55101 2444 Panetta, Leon E. (Calif.) ...... 52861 339 Sharp, Philip R. (Ind.)...... 53021 2452 Parris, Stan (Va.) ...... 54376 1705 Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. (Fla.) ...... 53026 322 Pashayan, Charles, Jr. (Calif.) ...... 53341 129 Shelby, Richard C. (Ala.)...... 52665 2443 Pease, Donald J. (Ohio) ...... 53401 1127 Shumway, Norman D. (Calif.) ...... 52511 1203 Penny, Timothy J. (Minn.) ...... 52472 501 Shuster, Bud (Pa.)...... 52431 2268 Pepper, Claude (Fla.) ...... 53931 2239 Sikorski, Gerry (Minn.)...... 52271 414 Perkins, Carl C. (Ky.) ...... 54935 1004 Siljander, Mark D. (Mich.) ...... 53761 137 Petri, Thomas E. (Wis.) ...... 52476 1024 Sisisky, Norman (Va.) ...... 56365 426 Pickle, J. J. (Tex.) ...... 54865 242 Skeen, Joe (N. Mex.) ...... 52365 1007 Porter, John Edward (Ill.) ...... 54835 1131 Skelton, Ike (Mo.) ...... 52876 2453 Price, Melvin (Ill.) ...... 55661 2110 Slattery, Jim (Kans.)...... 56601 1431 Pursell, Carl D. (Mich.)...... 54401 1414 Slaughter, D. French, Jr. (Va.) ...... 56561 319 Quillen, James H. (Jimmy) (Tenn.)...... 56356 102 Smith, Christopher H. (N.J.) ...... 53765 422 Rahall, Nick Joe, II (W. Va.) ...... 53452 343 Smith, Denny (Oreg.) ...... 55711 1213 Rangel, Charles B. (N.Y.) ...... 54365 2330 Smith, Lawrence J. (Fla.) ...... 57931 113 Ray, Richard (Ga.)...... 55901 425 Smith, Neal (Iowa) ...... 54426 2373 Regula, Ralph (Ohio) ...... 53876 2209 Smith, Robert C. (N.H.) ...... 55456 506 Reid, Harry M. (Nev.) ...... 55965 1530 Smith, Robert F. (Bob) (Oreg.) ...... 56730 118 4 REPRESENTATIVES
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Smith, Virginia (Nebr.) ...... 56435 2202 Vento, Bruce F. (Minn.)...... 56631 2433 Snowe, Olympia J. (Maine)...... 56306 133 Visclosky, Peter J. (Ind.) ...... 52461 1632 Snyder, Gene (Ky.) ...... 53465 2188 Volkmer, Harold L. (Mo.) ...... 52956 2411 Solarz, Stephen J. (N.Y.) ...... 52361 1536 Vucanovich, Barbara F. (Nev.) ...... 56155 312 Solomon, Gerald B. H. (N.Y.) ...... 55614 2342 Walgren, Doug (Pa.)...... 52135 2241 Spence, Floyd (S.C.) ...... 52452 2466 Walker, Robert S. (Pa.) ...... 52411 2445 Spratt, John M., Jr. (S.C.) ...... 55501 1118 Watkins, Wes (Okla.) ...... 54565 2348 Staggers, Harley 0., Jr. (W. Va.) ...... 54331 1504 Waxman, Henry A. (Calif.) ...... 53976 2418 Stallings, Richard H. (Idaho)...... 55531 1233 Weaver, James (Oreg.) ...... 56416 1226 Stangeland, Arlan (Minn.) ...... 52165 1526 Weber, Vin (Minn.)...... 52331 318 Stark, Fortney H. (Pete) (Calif.)...... 55065 1125 Weiss, Ted (N.Y.) ...... 55635 2442 Stenholm, Charles W. (Tex.)...... 56605 1232 Wheat, Alan (Mo.) ...... 54535 1204 Stokes, Louis (Ohio) ...... 57032 2304 Whitehurst, G. William (Va.) ...... 54215 2469 Strang, Michael L. (Colo.) ...... 54761 1331 Whitley, Charles (N.C.) ...... 53415 104 Stratton, Samuel S. (N.Y.) ...... 55076 2205 Whittaker, Bob (Kans.) ...... 53911 332 Studds, Gerry E. (Mass.) ...... 53111 1501 Whitten, Jamie L. (Miss.) ...... 54306 2314 Stump, Bob (Ariz.) ...... 54576 211 Williams, Pat (Mont.) ...... 53211 2457 Sundquist, Don (Tenn.) ...... 52811 230 Wilson, Charles (Tex.)...... 52401 2265 Sunia, Fofo I. F. (Am. Samoa) ...... 58577 1206 Wirth, Timothy E. (Colo.) ...... 52161 2262 Sweeney, Mac (Tex.) ...... 52831 1713 Wise, Robert E., Jr. (W. Va.) ...... 52711 1508 Swift, Al (Wash.)...... 52605 1502 Wolf, Frank R. (Va.) ...... 55136 130 Swindall, Patrick L. (Ga.) ...... 54272 508 Wolpe, Howard (Mich.) ...... 55011 1527 Synar, Mike (Okla.)...... 52701 2441 Wortley, George C. (N.Y.) ...... 53701 229 Tallon, Robin (S.C.) ...... 53315 432 Wright, Jim (Tex.) ...... 55071 1236 Tauke, Thomas J. (Iowa) ...... 52911 2244 Wyden, Ron (Oreg.) ...... 54811 1406 Tauzin, W. J. (Billy) (La.) ...... 54031 222 Wylie, Chalmrrs P. (Ohio) ...... 52015 2310 Taylor, Gene (Mo.)...... 56536 2134 Yates, Sidney R. (Ill.) ...... 52111 2234 Thomas, Robert Lindsay (Ga.)...... 55831 431 Yatron, Gus (Pa.) ...... 55546 2267 Thomas, William M (Calif.) ...... 52915 324 Young, C. W Bill (Fla.) ...... 55961 2407 Torres, Esteban Edward (Calif.)...... 55256 1740 Young, Don (Alaska) ...... 55765 2331 Torricelli, Robert G. (N.J.) ...... 55061 317 Young, Robert A. (Mo.)...... 52561 2430 Towns, Edolphus (N.Y.) ...... 55936 1726 Zschau, Ed (Calif.) ...... 55411 429 Traficant, James A., Jr. (Ohio) ...... 55261 128 Traxler, Bob (Mich.) ...... 52806 2366 Udall, Morris K. (Ariz.) ...... 54065 235 Valentine, Tim (N.C.) ...... 54531 1107 Office for 8th Dist. of Ind...... 54636 116 Vander Jagt, Guy (Mich.) ...... 53511 2409
5 UNITED STATES SENATE
SENATORS
(Democrats in roman; Republicans in italic)
[Room numbers beginning with SD are in the Dirksen Building, SH are in the Hart Building, and SR are in the Russell Building. Capitol numbers begin with SJ
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Vice Pres. Bush, George (Tex.) ...... 42424 SD-202 Hart, Gary (Colo.)...... 45852 SR-237 Abdnor, James (S. Dak.) ...... 42321 SH-309 Hatch, Orrin G. (Utah) ...... 45251 SR-135 Andrews, Mark (N. Dak.) ...... 42043 SH-724 Hatfield, Mark 0. (Oreg.) ...... 43753 SH-711 Armstrong, William L. (Colo.)...... 45941 SH-528 Hawkins, Paula (Fla.) ...... 43041 SH-313 Baucus, Max (Mont.) ...... 42651 SH-706 Hecht, Chic (Nev.) ...... 46244 SH-302 Bentsen, Lloyd (Tex.)...... 45922 SH-703 Heflin, Howell (Ala.) ...... 44124 SH-728 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (Del.) ...... 45042 SR-489 Heinz, John (Pa.) ...... 46324 SR-277 Bingaman, Jeff (N. Mex.) ...... 45521 SH-502 Helms, Jesse (N.C.) ...... 46342 SD-402 Boren, David L. (Okla.) ...... 44721 SR-453 Hollings, Ernest F. (S.C.) ...... 46121 SR-125 Boschwitz, Rudy (Minn.) ...... 45641 SH-506 Humphrey, Gordon J. (N.H.) ...... 42841 SH-531 Bradley, Bill (N.J.) ...... 43224 SH-731 Inouye, Daniel K. (Hawaii)...... 43934 SH-722 Bumpers, Dale (Ark.)...... 44843 SD-229 Johnston, J. Bennett (La.) ...... 45824 SH-136 Burdick, Quentin N. (N. Dak.) ...... 42551 SH-511 Kassebaum, Nancy Landon(Kans.) .. 4477 4 SR-302 Byrd, Robert C. (W. Va.) ...... 43954 SH-311 Kasten, Bob (Wis.) ...... 45323 SH-110 Chafee, John H. (R.I.) ...... 42921 SD-567 Kennedy, Edward M. (Mass.) ...... 44543 SR-113 Chiles, Lawton (Fla.)...... 4527 4 SR-250 Kerry, John F. (Mass.) ...... 42742 SR-166 Cochran, Thad (Miss.)...... 45054 SR-326 Lautenberg, Frank R. (N.J.) ...... 44744 SH-717 Cohen, William S. (Maine) ...... 42523 SH-322 Laxalt, Paul (Nev.) ...... 43542 SR323A Cranston, Alan (Calif.)...... 43553 SH-112 Leahy, Patrick J. (Vt.) ...... 44242 SR-433 D'Amato, Alfonse M (N.Y.) ...... 46542 SH-520 Levin, Ca,rl (Mich.) ...... 46221 SR-459 Danforth, John C. (Mo.)...... 46154 SR-497 Long, Russell B. (La.)...... 44623 SR-225 DeConcini, Dennis (Ariz.) ...... 44521 SH-328 Lugar, Richard G. (Ind.) ...... 44814 SH-306 Denton, Jeremiah (Ala.)...... 457 44 SH-516 McClure, James A. (Idaho) ...... 42752 SD-361 Dixon, Alan J. (Ill.) ...... 42854 SH-316 McConnell, Mitch (Ky.) ...... 42541 SR-114 Dodd, Christopher J. (Conn.) ...... 42823 SH-324 Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. (Md.) .... 44654 SR-387 Dole, Robert (Kans.)...... 46521 SH-141 Matsunaga, Spark M. (Hawaii) ...... 46361 SH-109 Domenici, Pete V. (N. Mex.) ...... 46621 SD-434 Mattingly, Mack (Ga.) ...... 43643 SH-320 Durenberger, Dave (Minn.)...... 43244 SR-375 Melcher, John (Mont.) ...... 42644 SH-730 Eagleton, Thomas F. (Mo.) ...... 45721 SD-197 Metzenbaum, Howard M. (Ohio)..... 42315 SR-140 East, John P. (N.C.) ...... 43154 SH-716 Mitchell, George J. (Maine)...... 45344 SR-364 Evans, Daniel J. (Wash.) ...... 43441 SH-702 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (N.Y.) .... 44451 SR-464 Exon, J. James (Nebr.) ...... 44224 SH-330 Murkowski, Frank H. (Alaska) ...... 46665 SH-317 Ford, Wendell H. (Ky.) ...... 44343 SR173A Nickles, Don (Okla.) ...... 45754 SH-713 Garn, Jake (Utah) ...... 45444 SD-505 Nunn, Sam (Ga.) ...... 43521 SD-303 Glenn, John (Ohio) ...... 43353 SH-503 Packwood, Bob (Oreg.)...... 45244 SR-259 Goldwater, Barry (Ariz.)...... 42235 SR-363 Pell, Claiborne (R.I.)...... 44642 SR-335 Gore, Albert, Jr. (Tenn.) ...... 44944 SH-825A Pressler, Larry (S. Dak.)...... 45842 SR407A Gorton, Slade (Wash.)...... 42621 SH-513 Proxmire, William (Wis.)...... 45653 SD-530 Gramm, Phil (Tex.) ...... 42934 SR-174 Pryor, David (Ark.) ...... 42353 SR-264 Grassley, Charles E. (Iowa) ...... 437 44 SH-135 Quayle, Dan (Ind.) ...... 45623 SH-524 Harkin, Tom (Iowa)...... 43254 SH-705 Riegle, Donald W., Jr. (Mich.) ...... 44822 SD-105
6 SENATORS
Name Phone Room Name Phone Room 22- 22- Rockefeller, John D., IV (W. Va.) ... 46472 SR-108 Stevens, Ted (Alaska)...... 43004 SR-147 Roth, William V., Jr. (Del.)...... 42441 SH-104 Symms, Steven D. (Idaho) ...... 46142 SH-509 Rudman, Warren (N.H.) ...... 43324 SH-530 Thurmond, Strom (S.C.)...... 45972 SR-218 Sarbanes, Paul S. (Md.) ...... 44524 SD-237 Trible, Paul S., Jr. (Va.) ...... 44024 SH-517 Sasser, Jim (Tenn.) ...... 43344 SR-298 Wallop, Malcolm (Wyo.) ...... 46441 SR-206 Simon, Paul (Ill.)...... 42152 SH-210 Warner, John W (Va.)...... 42023 SR-421 Simpson, Alan K. (Wyo.) ...... 43424 SH-709 Weicker, Lowell P., Jr. (Conn.) ...... 44041 SH-303 Specter, Arlen (Pa.)...... 44254 SH-331 Wilson, Pete (Calif.) ...... 43841 SH-720 Stafford, Robert T. (Vt.) ...... 45141 SH-133 Zorinsky, Edward (Nebr.) ...... 46551 SR-443 Stennis, John C. (Miss.) ...... 46253 SR-205
7 COMMITTEES
HOUSE COMMITTEES SENATE COMMITTEES
Phone Room Phone Room 22- Agriculture ...... 52171 1301 Agriculture, Nutrition, and 22- Appropriations...... 52771 H 218 Forestry ...... 42035 SR328A Armed Services ...... 54151 2120 Appropriations ...... 43471 SD-118 Banking, Finance and Urban Armed Services...... 43871 SR-222 Affairs...... 5424 7 2129 Banking, Housing, and Urban Budget...... 67200 214 HOB Affairs ...... 47391 SD-534 Anx. l Budget...... 40642 SD-621 District of Columbia ...... 54457 1310 Commerce, Science, and Education and Labor ...... 54527 2181 Transportation ...... - ...... 45115 SD-508 Energy and Commerce ...... 52927 2125 Energy and Natural Resources .. 44971 SD-360 Foreign Affairs...... 55021 2170 Environment and Public Works 46176 SD-410 Government Operations ...... 55051 2157 Finance ...... 44515 SD-219 House Administration ...... 52061 H 326 Foreign Relations ...... 44651 SD-440 Interior and Insular Affairs ...... 52761 1324 Governmental Affairs ...... 44751 SD-340 Judiciary ...... 53951 2137 Judiciary ...... 45225 SD-224 Merchant Marine and Fisheries 54047 1334 Labor and Human Resources ..... 45375 SD-428 Post Office and Civil Service ...... 54054 309 Rules and Administration ...... 46352 SR-305 Franking Commission...... 50436 305 Small Business ...... 45175 SR428A Public Works and Veterans' Affairs--························ 49126 SR-414 Transportation ...... 54472 2165 SELECT COMMITTEES Rules ...... 59486 H 312 22- Minority ...... 56991 H 305 Ethics ...... 42981 SH-220 Science and Technology ...... 56371 2321 Indian Affairs...... 42251 SH-838 Small Business...... 55821 2361 Intelligence ...... 41700 SH-211 Standards of Official Conduct .... 57103 HT-2 Veterans' Affairs ...... 53527 335 SPECIAL COMMITTEE 22- Ways and Means: Aging...... ,...... , 45364 SD-G33 (LHOB) ...... 53625 1102
SELECT COMMITTEES 22- Aging (HOB Anx. 1) ...... 63375 712 Children, Youth, and Families .. 67660 H2-385 Hunger ...... 65470 H2-507 Intelligence, Permanent ...... 54121 H 405 Narcotics Abuse and Control ..... 63040 H2-234
8 U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESEN'mTIVES
Comnittee on Budget
99th Congress, 1st Session
William H. Gray, III (D-PA) , Chairnan
DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS
Jim Wright, Texas Delbert L. Latta, Ohio W. G. (Bill) Hefner, North Carolina Jack F. Kemp, New York Thomas J. Downey, New York Lynn Martin, Illinois Mike u:,wry, Washington Bobbi Fiedler, California Butler Derrick, South Carolina Willis D. Gradison, Jr. , Ohio George Miller, California 'Ibin IDeffler, Texas Pat Williams, Montana Connie Mack, Florida Howard "'blpe, Michigan William F. Goodling, Pennsylvania Martin Frost, Texas w. Henson Moore, wuisiana Vic Fazio, California Denny Smith, oregon Marty Russo, Illinois Vin Weber, Minnesota Ed Jenkins, Georgia Hank Brown, Colorado Michael D. Barnes, Maryland Beau Boulter, Texas Marvin Leath, Texas Charles E. Schumer, New York Barbara Boxer, California Buddy MacKay, Florida Jim Slattery, Kansas Chester G. Atkins, Massachusetts
U.S. SENA'IE
Comnittee on Budget
Pete V. Domenici (R-NM) , Chairman
REPUBUCANS DEMOCRATS
William L. Annstrong, Colorado Lawton Chiles, Florida Nancy L. Kassebaum, Kansas Ernest F. Hollings, South Carolina Rudy Boschwitz, Minnesota J. Bennett Johnston, IDuisiana Orrin G. Hatch, Utah Jim Sasser, Tennessee Mark Andrews, North Dakota Gary W. Hart, Colorado Steven D. Symms, Idaho Howard M. Metzenbaum, Ohio Charles E. Grassley, Iowa Donald W. Riegle, Jr., Michigan Bob Kasten, Wisconsin Daniel Patrick Moynihan, New York Dan Quayle, Indiana J. James Exon, Nebraska Slade Gorton, Washington Frank R. Lautenberg, New Jersey John c. Danforth, Missouri
American Library Association Washington Office March 1985 U. S. HOOSE OF REPRF.SENTATIVES
carmittee on Appropriations 99th.Congress, 1st Session
Jamie L. Whitten (D-MS), Chainnan
DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS
F.dward P. Bel.am, Massachusetts Silvio o. Conte, Massachusetts William H. Natcher, Kentucky Joseph M • .McDade, Pennsylvania Neal Smith, Iowa John T. Myers, Indiana Joseph P. Mdabbo, New York Clarence E. Miiler, Ohio Sidney R. Yates, Illinois Iawrence Coughlin, Pennsylvania David R. Obey, Wisconsin C.W. (Bill) Young, Florida F.dward R. Roybal, california Jack F. Kemp, New York IDuis Stokes, Ohio Ralph S. Regula, Ohio 'Ian Bevill, Alabama George M. O'Brien, Illinois Bill Chappell, Jr. , Florida Virginia Smith, Nebraska Bill Alexander, Arkansas Eldon Rudd, Arizona John P. Murtha, Pennsylvania Carl D. Pursell, Michigan Bob Traxler, Michigan Mickey F.dwards, Oklahala Joseph D. Early, Massachusetts· Robert L. Livingston, I.Duisiana Charles Wilson, Texas .... s. William Green, New York Lindy (Mrs. Hale) Boggs, Iouisi~' Th:>mas G. IDeffler, Texas Noman D. Dicks, washington Jerry Lewis, califomia Matthew F. McHugh, New York John F.dward Porter, Illinois William Leman, Florida Harold Rogers, Kentucky Martin Olav sabo, MiI¥1esota Joe Skeen, New Mexico Julian c. Dixon, california ~ Frank R. W::>lf, Virginia Vic Fazio, california · Bill IDwery, califomia W.G. (Bill) Hefner, North carolina Les AuCoin, Oregon Daniel K. Akaka, Hawaii Wes Watkins, Oklahcma William H. Gray, III, . Pennsylvania Bernard J. Dwyer, New Jersey Bill Boner, Tennessee · Steny H. Hoyer, Maryland Bob carr, Michigan Robert J. Mrazek, New York Richard J. Durbin, Illinois Ronald D. Coleman, Texas
American Library Association (See ov-er for Appropriations washington Office SUbccmnittees on Labor-HHS February 1985 F.ducation, Legislative, and Treasury - Postal Service - General Government.) ,. Laoor-HHS-F.dtication Appropriations SUbccmnittee
William H. Natcher (D-KY) , Chainnan
DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS
Neal Smith, Iowa Silvio O. Conte, Massachusetts David R. Obey, Wisconsin George M. O'Brien, Illinois F.dwardR.Roybal,calliom~ earl D. Pursell, Michigan I.Duis Stokes, Ohio John Porter, Illinois Joseph D. Early, Massachusetts C. W. (Bill) Young, Florida Bernard J. Dwyer, New Jersey Steny H. Hoyer, Marylarrl Jamie L. Whitten, Mississippi *
* Ex Officio
Legislative Appropriations Subccmnittee
Vic Fazio CD-Calif.), Chairnan
DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS
David R. Obey, Wisconsin Jerry Lewis, calliomia Bill Alexander, Arkansas Silvio O. Conte, Massachusetts John P. Murtha, Pennsylv~ Jerry Lewis, califom~ Bob Traxler, Michigan John T. Myers, Indiana Lindy (Mrs. Hale) Boggs, I.Duisiana John F.dward Porter, Illinois Jamie L. Whitten, Mississippi *
* Ex Officio
Treasury - Postal Service - General Goverrunent Appropriations Subccmnittee
F.dward R. Roybal (D-Calif.), Chainnan
DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS
Joseph P. Mdabl:x>, New York Joe Skeen, New Mexico Daniel K. Akaka, Hawaii Bill I.Dwery, califo~ Steny H. Hoyer, Maryland Frank R. lrblf, Virginia Ronald D. Coleman, Texas Silvio O. Conte, Massachusetts* Sidney R. Yates, Illinois Jamie L. Whitten, Mississippi *
* Ex Officio
February 1985 U. S. SENATE
Conmittee on Appropriations
99th Congress, 1st Session
Mark o. Hatfield (R-Gregon), Chairman
REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS Ted Stevens, Alaska John c. Stennis, Mississippi Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. , Connecticut Robert c. Byrd, West Virginia James A. McClure, Idaho William Proxmire, Wisconsin Paul Laxalt, Nevada Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii Jake Garn, Utah . Ernest F. Hollings, South Carolina Thad Cochran, Mississippi Lawton Chiles, Florida Mark Andrews, North Dakota J. Bennett Johnston, Louisiana James Abdnor, South Dakota Quentin N. · Burdick, North Dakota Robert w. Kasten, Jr., Wisconsin Patrick J. Leahy, Vennont Alfonse D'Amato, New York James R. Sasser, Tennessee Mack Mattingly, Georgia Dennis DeConcini, Arizona Warren B. Rudman, New Hampshire Dale Bumpers, Arkansas Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania Frank R. Lautenberg, New Jersey Pete V. Dornenici, New Mexico Tom Harkin, Iowa
American Library Association (See over for Appropriations Washington Office Sul:x:onmittees on Labor, Health March 1985 and Human Services, Education; Legislative Branch; and Treasury, Postal Service, General Govern ment.) Labor, Health and Human Services, Education Appropriations Subconmittee
Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. (R-CT), Chairman
REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS
Mark o. Hatfield, Oregon William Proxmire, Wisconsin Ted Stevens, Alaska Robert C. Byrd, West Virginia Mark Andrews, North Dakota Ernest Hollings, South Carolina warren Rudman, New Hampshire Lawton Chiles, Florida Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania Quentin N. Burdick, North Dakota James A. McClure, · Idaho Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii Pete v. Domenici, New Mexico Tan Harkin, Iowa
Legislative Branch Appropriations Sul:xnmri.ttee
Alfonse. D 'Amato (R-NY) , Chainnan
REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS
. . : .. ·. Ted Stev~, Alaska. Dale Bumpers, Arkansas· Mark O. Hatfield, Oregon Tan Harkin, Iowa
Treasury, Postal Service & General Government Appropriations SUbccmni.ttee
James Al:xlnor (R-SD), Chairman
REPUBLICANS DEM:'CRATS
Paul Iaxalt, Nevada Dennis DeConcini, Arizona l'llack Mattingly, Georgia WiUiam Proxmire, Wisconsin
Harch 1985 ::' ,.'': '·'
U • .· S. HOOSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Committee on Education and Labor
99th Congress, 1st Session
Augustus F. Hawkins (D-Calif.) , Chairman
OEM William D. Ford, Michigan James M. Jeffords, Verrront Joseph M. Gaydos, Pennsylvania William F. Gcx:x:Uing, Pennsylvania William (Bill) ·· Clay, Missouri E. Thomas COleman, Missouri Mario Biagg:i/ ' New York Thanas E. Petri, Wisconsin Austin J. Murphy, Pennsylvania Marge Roukema, New Jersey Dale E. Kildee, Michigan Steve Gunderson, Wisconsin Pat Williams, Montana Steve Bartlett, Texas Matthew G. Martinez, California Rod Chandler, washington Major R. OWens, New York Thomas J. Tauke, Iowa Frederick C. Boucher, Virginia John R. McKernan, Jr. , Maine Charles A. Hayes, Illinois Richard K. Anney, Texas Carl c. Perkins, Kentucky Harris w. Fawell, Illinois Terry L. Bruce, Illinois Paul B. Henry, Michigan Stephen J. Solarz, New York Mervyn M. Oymally, california Dermis E. Eckart, Ohio Tin'Othy J. Penny, Minnesota Chester G. Atkins, Massachusetts American Library Association (See over for Subconmittees on Washington Office Elementary, Secondary and March 1985 Vocational Education, and Postsecondary Fducatic:>n.) Elemen~, Secomary and Vocational Education Subcxmnittee Augustus F. Hawk.ins (D-Calif.) , Chainnan DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS William D. ~ Michigan William F. Goodling, Pennsylvania Dale E. Kildee, Michigan Harris w. Fawell, Illinois Pat Williams, lt>ntana Rod Chandler, Washington Frederick C. Balcher, Virginia John R. McKernan, Jr. , Maine Major R. Owens, New York Richard K. Anney, Texas Matthew G. Martinez, california Steve·Gunderson, Wisconsin * earl c. Perkins, Kentucky Stephen J. Solarz, New York Dennis E. F.ckart, Ohio * Ex Officio Postseron:iary F.ducation Subccmnittee William D. Ford (D-Michigan), Chainnan DEM Major R. Owens, New York E. Thomas Coleman, Missouri Pat Williams, Montana · steve Gunderson, Wisconsin Mario Biaggi, New York John R. ~1cKernan, Jr. , Maine car1 c. Perkins, Kentucky Paul B. Henry, Michigan Terry L. Bruce, Illinois William F. Gooiling, Pennsylvania Stephen J. Solarz, New York Thanas E. Petri, Wisoonsin Mervyn M. Dymally, California Marge Roukema, New Jersey Dermis E. Eckart, Ohio Thorcas J. Tauke, Iowa Turothy J. Penny, Minnesota James M. Jeffords, Venront * Chester G. Atkins, Massachusetts Joseph M. Gaydos, Pennsylvania Augustus F • .Hawkins., California * * Ex Officio March 1985 ' U. S. SENATE Committee on labor and Human Resources 99th Congress, 1st Session Orrin G. Hatch (R-Utah), Chairman REPUBLICANS Robert T. Stafford, Venront Edward M. Kennedy 1 Massachusetts Dan Quayle, Irrliana Claiborne Pell, Rhode Islarrl Don Nickles, Oklalrinil Howard !-1. Hetzenbaum, Ohio Paula Hawkins, Florida Spark !\1. Matsunaga, Hawaii Stran Thurrrorrl, South carolina Christopher J. Dodd, Connecticut Lowell 1A1eicker, Jr. , Connecticut Paul Sinon, Illinois i,ialcolm l-Jallop, Wyaning John F. Kerry, Massachusetts Charles E. Grassley, IO'JV Education, Arts and Humanities Subcorrmittee < Robert T. Stafford (R-Verm:>nt) , Chairman REPUBLICANS DEl'lCCRATS Orrin G. Hatch, Utah Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island Dan Quayle, Indiana Edward Kennedy, f1assachusetts ID\-rell P. Weicker, Jr. , Connecticut Christopher J. Dodd, Connecticut Malcolm Wallop, Wyaning Spark M. NJatsunaga, Hawaii Stran Thunrorrl, South carolina Paul Sinon, Illinois American Library Association Washington Office March 1985 U,. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Corrmittee on Post Office and Civil Service 99th Congress, 1st Session William D. Ford (D-Michigan), _Chairrnan DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS William (Bill) Clay, Missouri Gene Taylor, Missouri Patricia Schroeder, Colorado Benjamin A. Gilman, New York Stephen J. Solarz, New York Charles Pashayan, Jr. , California Robert Garcia/ ·tqew York Frank Horton, New York Mickey Leland, Texas John T. Myers, Indiana Gus Yatron, Pennsylvania Don Young, Alaska Mary Rose oakar, Ohio James V. Hansen, Utah Gerry Sikorski, Minnesota Dan Burton, Indiana. \ Gary L. Ackennan, New York Mervyn M. Dymally, California · Ron de Lugo, Virgin Islands · Morris K. Udall, Arizona Civil Service Subcorrmittee Patricia Schroeder (D-Colorado), Chai.rWJman DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS Gerry Sikorski, Minnesota Charles Pashayan, Jr. , California Mervyn D. Dymally, California Frank Horton, New York Canpensation and Employee Benefits Subcorrrnittee Mary Rose Oakar (D-Ohio) , Chairwoman DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS Mickey Leland, Texas John T. Myers, Indiana Stephen J. Solarz, New York Don Young, Alaska Human Resources Subccmnittee Gary L. Ackennan (D-New York) , Chairman DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS Gus Yatron, Pennsylvania Dan Burton, Indiana Morris K. Udall, Arizona Benjamin A. Gilman, New York (See over for other subcorcmittees) Postal Operations and Services Subcamri.ttee Mickey Leland (D-Texas) , Chainnan DF.MX:RATS REPUBLICANS William (Bill) Clay, Missouri Frank Horton, New York Robert Garcia, New York Charles Pashayan, Jr. , California Ron de Lugo, Virgin Islands James V. Hansen, Utah Postal Personnel and Modernization SUbcorrmittee Mervyn M. Dymally (D-California), Chai.man DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS William (Bill) Clay, Missouri Dan Burton, Indiana (Vacancy) Don Young, Alaska American Library Association washington Office April 1985 U.S. SENA'IE Cornnitteeon .Governmental Affairs 99th Congress, 1st Session William V. Roth, Jr. CR-Delaware) , Chairman REPUBLICANS DEMCX:::RATS Ted Stevens, Alaska Thomas F. Eagleton, Missouri Charles McC. Mathias, 'Marylan:i Lawton Chiles, Florida William S. Cohen, Maine Sam Nunn, ·Georgia Dave Durenberger, Minnesota John Glenn, Ohio Warren Rudman, New Hampshire Carl Ievin, Michigan 'll1ad Cochran, Mississippi Albert Gore, Jr. , Tennessee Civil Service, Post Offi~e, and General Services·Subcomnittee Ted Steveris (R-Alaska) , Chairman REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS . Charles Mee. Mathias, Jr., Marylarrl Albert Gore, Jr. , Tennessee Dave Durenberger, Minnesota Carl Ievin, ·~uchigan American Library Association Washington Office (See over for House Govern April 1985 ment Operations Ccmnittee) U. S. HOOSE OF REPltESEN'mTIVES Comnit~'on·Government Operations 99th Congress, 1st Session Jack Brooks (I>-Texas), Chairmrul ; . ' ~ . DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS Don F\iqua, ' Florida Frank Horton, New York John Conyers', ' Jr. , Michigan Thomas N. Kindrless, Ohio _ Cardiss Collins, Illinois Robert S. Walk~, .Pennsylvania Glenn English., Oklalana William F .: . cH.fuer,. Jr~·, Pennsylvania Henry A. __ Waxman', california Alfred A~ (Al) McCandless, California Ted Weiss~ New York Larry F. Craig, Idaho Mike Synar, Oklahana Howard C. Nielson, Utah Stephen L. Neal, North Carolina Jim Saxton, New Jersey Doug Barnard, Jr., Georgia Patrick L. Swirrlall, Georgia Barney Frank, Massachusetts Thanas o. Delay, Texas Tan Lantos, california David S. Monson, Utah Robert E. Wise, Jr., West Virginia Joseph J. DioGuardi, New York Barbara Boxer, california Johp G~.-.- R.ow~, ,C9nnecticut samer M. ieJfu;·· 1vtichigcfri ·- Richard K. Amey, Texas Major R. CMens, New York . Jim .Ross Lightfoot, Iowa F.dolphus Towns, New York · John R. Miller, Washington John M. Spratt, Jr. , South Carolina Joe Kolter, Pennsylvania Ben Erdreich, Alabama · Gerald D • . Kleczka, Wisconsin Albert G. Bustamante, Texas Matthew G. i11artinez, California Goverrnnent Infonnation, Justice, and Agriculture Subcorrmittee Glenn English (D-Oklalana), Chairman DEMCCRATS REPUBLICANS Stephen L. Neal, North Carolina Thanas N. Kindness, Ohio Gerald D. Kleczka, Wisconsin Jim Lightfoot, Iowa Robert Wise, Jr., West Virginia Joseph J. DioGuardi, New York F.dolphus Towns, New York John R. Miller, Washington John M. Spratt, Jr., South Carolina American Library Association· (See over for Senate Govern- -- Washington Office mental Affairs carmittee) April 1985 U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cornnittee on Energy·ana Ccmnerce 99th Congress, 1st. _Session John D. Dinge11 ·· CD-Michigan) , Chairman-·· . DEMOCRATS ·' . iREPUBLICANS James H. Scheuer, New York James T. Broyhill, North carolina Henry A. Waxman, California Norman F. Lent, New York Tirrothy E. Wirth, Colorado F.dward R. Madigan, Illinois Philip R. Sharp, Indiana carlos J. Moorhead, california James J. Florio, New Jersey Matthew J. Rinaldo, New Jersey F.dward J. Markey, Massachusetts William E. [?annemeyer, California Thomas A. Luken, Ohio Bob Whittaker,.. Kansas , . Doug Walgren, PenI1?ylvania Thomas J. Tauk.e, Iowa Barbara A. Mikulski, Maryland Don Ritter, Pennsylvania Al Swift, Washington Dan Coats, Indiana '· Mickey Leland, Texas Thomas J. Bliley, Jr • ., . Virginia Richard C. Shelby, Alabama Jack Fields, Texas cardiss Collins, Illinois Michael G. Oxley, Ohio Mike Synar, Oklahoma Howard c. Nielson, Utah W.J. (Billy) Tauzin, Iouisiana Michael ·Bilirakis, Florida Ron Wyden, Oregon Dan Schaefer, Colorado Ralph M. Hall, Texas Fred J., Eckert,.. ,, New York Dennis E. Eckart, Ohio Wayne Do\1-dy, Mississippi Bill Richardson; New ,.Mexico Jim Slattery, Karisas . Gerry Sikorski, Minnesota John Bryant, Texas Jim Bates, california Telecorrrnunications, Consumer Protection, and Finance Subcornnittee Tirrothy E. Wirth (D-Colorado) , Chairman DE1'1CCRATS REPUBLICANS Al Swift, Washington Matthew J. Rinaldo, New Jersey Mickey Leland, Texas carlos J. Moorhead, california cardiss Collins, Illinois Thomas J. Tauke, Iowa John Bryant, Texas Don Ritter, Pennsylvania Jim Bates, California Dan Coats, Indiana Thomas A. Luken, Ohio Thanas J. Bliley, Jr. , Virginia Mike Synar, Oklahoma Jack Fields, Texas W.J. (Billy) Tauzin, Iouisiana Michael G. Oxley, Ohio Wayne Dowdy, Mississippi Howard C. Nielson, Utah Jim Slattery, Kansas James T. Broyhill, North carolina James H. Scheuer, New York Henry A. Waxman, california F.dward J. Markey, , Massachusetts John D. Dingell, Michigan (See· over ,for Senate Carmittee on O:mnerce·; Science, _and Trans portation) '· _, , ·t,·;. U.S. SENA'IE Comnittee on Conmerce, Science, and Transportation 99th Congress, 1st Session John C. Danforth (R-Missouri) , Chainnan REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS Bob Packwood, Oregon Ernest F. Hollings, South Carolina Barry Goldwater, Arizona Russell B. I.Dng, I.Duisiana Nancy Iandon Kassebaum, Kansas Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii Larry Pressler, South Dakota Wendell H. Ford, Kentucky Slade Gorton, washington Donald w. Riegle, Michigan Ted Stevens, Alaska J. James Exon, Nebraska Bob Kasten, Wisconsin Albert Gore, Jr. , Tennessee Pauls. Trible, Virginia John D. Rockefeller, West Virginia Comnunications Subcarmittee Barry C,oldwater (R-Arizona) , Chairman REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS Bob Pac~, Oregon Ernest F. Hollings, South Carolina Larry Pressler, South Dakota Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii Ted Stevens, Alaska Wendell H. Ford, Kentucky Slade Gorton, Washington Albert Gore, Jr. , Tennessee American Library Association Washington Office April 1985 (See over for House Ccmni ttee on Energy and Ccmnerce) Yea - No - Yes - Q:moer~------8. Did the packet of, materials present helpful information? ; Yes No ColllD:dlt ______ U. Other 0ca111&11ta, crit:.icl.sms and/or suggestirm? 12. Do yai have art/ rel.want infa:mation about a Menier of C.0ngresa which can be useful to the Ar.A washµlgtx>n Office? For example: Membe1:' is a (11) trustee of a local college ar ~varsity, (1:1) a library board member, past or p::,eaent, (c) related to a ~ l.ibrarian, (d) "graduate" of the pml.ic ~. Vol. 131 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MARCH 19, 1985 No. 31 President Reagan's .FY 1986 budget prop:Jses that Congress appropriate no rroney at all for postal subsidies for free mail for the blind and physically handicapped and preferred 2nd, 3rd & 4th class rates. A 2-lb. 4th. .class library rate l:x::>ok package YXJuld go fran 54¢ to 94¢. A 4-oz. ''talking 1:x:x)k" cassette recording YXJuld go fran zero to 73¢. The Administration has carrouflaged the severity of this proposal with a promise of future legislation to .retain some subsidies by raising first class and other unsubsidized rates. House Post Office and Civil Service Ccmnitt::ee Ch.ai.nn:m Bill Ford (D-MI) explains the true impact below. (Pages H1237-9) POSTAL ISSUES RAISED BY THE finished each of the past 3 fiscal years that certain types of preferred mailers PRESIDENT'S FISCAL YEAR with an operating surplus. Postal rates are not charged the regular postal 1986 BUDGET were increased last month, but only rates that most mailers are charged. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under for the first time in 3 ½ years-and our The Postal Service forgoes collecting a previous order of the House, the gen rates are still among the very lowest in this revenue from the preferred mail tleman from Michigan [Mr. FORD] is the industrialized world. The produc ers. The Congress then provides this recognized for 10 minutes. tivity of postal employees has risen in forgone revenue by means of an e Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speak each of the past 10 years. In sum, the annual appropriation to the Postal er, I want to take a few minutes to U.S. Postal Service at the close of cal Service. If Congress does not provide a direct the House's attention to a rela endar year 1984 was on firm footing sufficient appropriation in any par tively small but extremely important and ready to provide service to the ticular year, the Postal Service is em portion of the President's fiscal year public for decades to come. powered by law to raise the preferred 1986 budget. I want to discuss postal But now comes the President's fiscal rates to the level necessary to make up policy. year 1986 budget with its proposals for the difference-all the way up to the The Nation's postal system dates the Postal Service and for everybody full commercial rate level. back to the earliest days of the Repub who relies on the Postal Service; which literally is everybody. Suddenly, The overwhelming majority of reve lic. In fact, the foundation for the nue forgone dollars each year goes to system is in the Constitution itself, the postal sky once again is filled with storm clouds. the benefit of nonprofit organizations, where the Congress is empowered to contrary to administration insinu provide for postal services. The history Let's look first at this administra tion's specialty-cold, hard numbers. ations that the primary beneficiaries of this institution, although not are People arid Playboy magazines. marked by an unbroken chain-of suc The President is proposing that no cesses and happy events, is distin money be appropriated for the subsidy Health care, medical research, aid to guished by adherence to one funda of certain types of traditionally pre the truly needy, education, libraries, mental principle: public service to the f erred postal rates. This has been the arts, labor-management relations, American people. knov:n as the revenue forgone appro veterans affairs-all are dependent in When we undertook the monumen priation. But don't worry, the budget large measure on nonprofit mail and tal task of reorganizing the postal message says. The administration will revenue forgone. In fact, I am hard .system in 1970, and establishing the be proposing legislation later on to pressed to identify a group which is semiindependent U.S. Postal Service, fund some of these rate subsidies out more re1,>resentatlve of more vital we knew that we would be in for a dif of general postal revenues. public interests than the nonprofit mailing community. ficult period of transition and adjust The other proposal affecting the ment. Indeed, we were right. In the Postal Service is the proposition that The second general category of reve· mid-1970's it appeared that our experi the Postal Service increase its cash nue forgone beneficiaries is made up ment was a total failure, as the Postal contribution to the Civil Service Re of newspapers, magazines, books, and Service teeter,ed on the brink of bank tirement Fund dramatically beginning classroom publications. Within this ruptcy. In 1978, however, things began in fiscal .year 1986. The administration category, the primary purpose of the to tum around. Service improved, takes great pains to explain that none subsidy is to promote the dissemina rates stabilized, and business-like effi of its proposals will hurt anybody and tion of information throughout the ciencies and economies were intro Nation by means of the postal that justice and equity will be the only system-a tradition that dates back to duced successfully without sacrificing results of adoption of its budget pro the fundamental principle of public posals. I want to dissent respectfully the 18th century. service. from the administration's opinion and The third and final revenue forgone I attribute this turnaround to the category is comprised of materials car hard work and dedication of career try to give the House a few things to think about before we act on the ried at no cost for the blind and phys postal employees at all levels. Left to ically handicapped. This portion of themselves to run the Postal Service postal provisions of the President's the program began in 1904. The post in the public interest, postal manage budget. age for books and messages in braille ment and postal rank-and-file employ First, let us examine the President's and for sound recordings for the ees have achieved minor miracles in revenue forgone proposal. The term blind-such as talking books-is paid the past half-dozen years. We now itself, "revenue foregone" derives from for by the revenue forgone appropria have a U.S. Postal Service which has the policy set by Congress long ago tion. (over) Historically, the Federal Govern Dollar hike per year: $3,061.76; Percentage the civil service retirement fund by an ment, from general tax revenues, has increase: 288.06 percent. extra 15 percent of payroll. Based on helped certain people pay their postal For: Sixteen page broadsheet 60% adver the budget's assumption that the first tising/ 40% editorial Weighing 3.0 ounces bills. Not as a special favor to them, 2000 circulation Carrier route presorted. 2 percent will cost the Postal Service but in furtherance of the national In-County Rate Vol 131 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3, 1985 No. 41 Senate Senator Larry Pressler (R-SD) has again initi.ated a joint letter to the Federal Communications Commission on AT&T's private line tariffs. The latest version of these tariffs, scheduled to take effect in late April, would raise library data transmission rates significantly. For instance, the average increase to connect to OCLC would be about 24 percent, with some increases as high as 67 percent. Sen. Pressler's letter of Feb. 27, 1985, signed by a total of 28 Senators, recommended suspension of the tariffs for further investigation and input, or, if the tariffs are to be approved, phase-in of above average increases. The letter again requested the FCC to consider a special library private line service. The letter and FCC response, earlier correspondence, and exerpts from letters from librarians were reprinted in the Congressional Record with a statement by Sen. Pressler. (pp. S4054-7) LIBRARIES AND funded, operate on fixed budgets, and Because of the importai1ce to the TELECOMMUNICATIONS cannot pass increased costs along to Nation of the information libraries their patrons. provide to all citizens, regardless of e Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President. I Orer 1 year ago, I filed an amend age, income level, or educational back have spoken before about the effect of ment to pending telephone legislation ground, and because of the limited re escalating telecommunications rates levels of service to our patrons. Our plans to analyses are necessary to determine tlwir In view of these considerations. please ap further automate through the acquisition of Impact. prise me as to whether the Commission is an OCLC M300 terminal, linked by private Libraries do not have the data available to favorably disposed toward extending the line to computers in Columbus, Ohio, would perform these analyses, which must be done comment period for these tariffs. be quashed under such a dramatic increase. on a network by network basis, and require Sincerely. South Dakota, Augustana College: Last AT&T assistance. AT&T has indicated the LARRY PRESSL!sR. year our library used our telecommunica overall impact on libraries will be signifi U.S. Senator. tion line and OCLC to process approximate cant, but has not yet provided specific data, ly 3000 interlibrary loan transactions, 2000 and will not be able to provide all this data FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION. of which were requests from other libraries until February 8th. With the curn•ntly Washington. DC. February 11. 1985. to borrow materials from the Mikkelsen Li scheduled deadline of February 7th. the Re: AT&T-Communications Prirnte Linc brary. We loan materials, as do many other Commission will not have the benefit of a Tariffs. Tariff FCC Nos. 9. 10, 11. Trans libraries, at no charge to the borrower. full analysis by library customers. mittal No. 285. Drastic and unexpected increases in tele I am particularly concerned, as you know, Hon. LARRY PRESSLER. communications charges of the nature now about the impact of access and divestiture U.S. Senate. proposed by AT&T would have a disastrous related tariffs upon the nation ·s libraries. Washington, DC. effect on all libraries· ability to continue The private line tariff proposed by AT&T in DEAR SENATOR PRESSLER: Thank you for maintaining this information network. October of 1983 would have had a devastat your letter of February 1. 1985 regarding Rhode Island, Department of State Li ing effect on the ability of libraries to con the private line tariff proposals filed by the brary Services, Providence: This would nect to a system of nationwide bibliographic American Telephone and Telegraph Compa present serious problems for our libraries, databa.,es laboriously developed over the ny \"AT&T"") on January 18, 1985. In your many of which have very limited budgets, as last fifteen years. . letter, you expressed your concern with the such increases were not projected for this The largest of these "bibliographic utili impact that new private line rates could year and most requests for the next fiscal ties" Is OCLC A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or, perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance; and a people who mean to be their own Governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives. James Madison, 1822 OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROPOSED CIRCULAR. ON MANAGEMENT OF FEDERAL INFORMATION RESOURCES. The Office of Management and Budget (0MB) has r~quested public comment on a draft policy circular which, · if implemented, w:1.11 sharply-reduce the federal .government's efforts to collect and disseminate information to the public, and will accelerate the current trend toward the commerc:ialization and privatization of government information. The proposed circular was published in the March 15 Federal !;fister, pp. 10734-47. Corrections are in the March 21 FR., p. 11471. Thia rella circular supersedes four existing 0MB circulars,but its scope is much broader than the incorporated directives. The proposed circular implements provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 as well as other statutes, executive orders, and executive branch management philosophy. COlllllents should be addressed by May 14 to: J. Timothy Sprehe, Off :f.ce of Information and llegulatory ·Affairs, Room 323S, New Executive Office Build:S.ng, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, D.C. 20505 (202/395-4814). · Public Access to Government Information. The draft circular's Definitions, Basic Considerations and Assumptions, and Policies bear careful review in light of trends in the past four years to reduce public access to government information. Section 8.a.(6) states that public access to government information ia to be pro vided consistent with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), yet ALA bas documented that federal agencies are increasing fees to the public for record retrieval includ ing POIA Tequesta. These fees can be high when an individual requests information which must be retrieved by computer. For example, in the October 29, 1984 FR., p. 43468, the U.S. Postal Service pubiisbed standard charges for system utilization, services which raqge from $189 to $1,827 per hour. While automation clearly offers promises of savings, will public access to government information be further re stricted for people who cannot afford computers or cannot pay for computer time? Among the Basic Considerations and Assumptions, (section 7.d.) are that "public and private benefits derived from government information must exceed the public and private costs of the information." In the analysis of key sections, under Informa tion Dissemination, 0MB maintains that the mere_ fact that an agency bas created or collected information is not itself a valid reason for creating a program to dissem inate the information to the public. Maximum reliance on the private secior is stressed. 0MB states that this is merely an application of the policy stated in 0MB Circular A-76, Performance of Commercial Activities. Section 8.a.(8) .of the draft circular.states that an agency must be able to demonstrate that the dissemination of the product or service is either required by law or is clearly permitted by law and is essential to accomplishing the agency's mission. The products or services are not· to duplicate similar products or services that are already provided by other govermaent ·or private sector organizations, or that could reasonably be expected to be provided by them in the absence of agency dissemination. When these conditions are met, agencies can disseminate government information products: (over) - 2 - 8.a.(9)(a)"In a manner that reasonably ensures the information will reach the members of the public the agency is responsible for reaching; (b) In the manner most cost effective for the government, including placing maxi1DWll feasible reliance on Qe private sector for the dissemination of the products or services; (c) So as to recover coats of disseminating the products or services through user charges, where appropriate, in accordance with 0MB Circular No. A-25; and (d) Only after establiah lrlt& procedures for periodically reviewing the continued need for and manner of tMe,....ination of the products or services." The Definitions (section 6) include the following: b. "Information" means any .,._nication or reception of knowledge such as facts, data, or opinions, including ....rical, graphic, or narrative forms, whether oral or maintained in any medium, 1'\aluding computerized data bases, paper, microform, or magnetic tape; f. "Access to Wormation" refers to the function of providing to members of the public, upon tbeir request, the government information to which they are entitled under law. Federal Degository Libraries. The supplementary infoJ:111ation introducing the draft states:Where possible, agencies should disseminate information products and •ervices through existing programs, such as statutory authorized technical inforaa tiaa clearinghouses and the Federal Depository Libraries, rather than creating new programs. (Note that 'government publications,' as defined in 44 U.S.C. 1902. auat be made available through the Federal Depository Libraries.}" The draft circular ttself, however, does not mention Federal Depository Libraries. Maximum. feasible reliance on the private sector for the dissemination of government products or services could result in a great deal less information available for inclusion in the depository library program. Implications. The entire thrust of this document reduces the accountability of government to its citizens. The value of government information cannot be measured by its cost alone. ALA reaffirmed its long standing conviction that open government is vital to a democracy in a resolution passed by Council in January 1984 which stated that "there should be equal and ready access to data collected, c011piled, ,produced, and published in any format by the government of the United States." In his inaugural speech, ALA President E. J. Josey asserted: "Nobody would deny the utility of many of these services provided by the private sector, but are not available to all of the American people; their purpose is to yield a profit, and they are designed only for those who can pay for-them. Nor do they have any obliga tion to provide access to all or any information; only that information. which the suppliers deem profitable or potentially so. Only the preservation of public services, publicly supported, can assure that each individual has equal and ready access to information, whether provision of tbat information to that individual is economic (i.e., profitability, in private sector terms} or not." ACTION NEEDED: Analyze the draft circular and send comments to 0MB by May 14 either as an individual or for your institution. Choose two or three govermaent publications with which you are familiar and ask 0MB, the responsible executive agency and/or your Senators or Representative what effect the proposed circular would have on their continued existence as government publications, the cost, and continued public access, etc. Alert your legislators to this proposed policy circular and its implications. Spread the word to colleagues in other fields. ALA members who have points to contribute to AI.A's response should send them in writing to the ALA Washington Office by April 23. American Library Association Washington Office 110 Maryland Avenue, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 April 1985 202/547-4440 10734 Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND and section 3504(g). Federal automatic policies, and assignments of BUDGET data processing and responsibility; the appendices to this telecommunications; the Privacy Act of Circular consist of procedures for Management of Federal Information 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a); section 111 of the implementing various policies. 0MB Resources Federal Property and Administrative developed the main body of this Services Act of 1949, as amended (40 Circular relying upon comments on the AGENCY: Office of Management and U.S.C. 759): the Budget and Accounting federal Register notice as well as other Budget, Executive Office-of the Act of 1921 (31 U.S.C. 1 et seq.); and forms of Federal agency and public President. Executive Order 12046 of March 27, input, principally meetings with ACTION: Draft 0MB Circular No. A--: 1978. The Circular complements 5 CFR interested parties. For the procedural Request for Public Comment. Part 1320. Controlling Paperwork Burden revisions. 0MB relied on the assistance on the Public, which implements other of interagency task groups. sections of the Paperwork Reduction The revised contents of Circular No. SUMMARY: This Circular is intended to Act dealing with controlling the A-71. dealing with assignments of provide a general policy framework for reporting and recordkeeping burden responsibilities, are in the main body of management of Federal information placed on the public. this Circular. The contents of Circular resources. The Circular implements In addition, this Circular revises and No. A-90 are rescinded entirely, with provisions of the Paperwork Reduction consolidates policy and procedures in the exception of a policy statement at Act of 1980 as well as other statutes, five existing 0MB directives and section 8(b)(17) of this Circular. Executive Orders, and policies rescinds these directives. Revis.ions of the procedural aspects of concerning general information policy, A-71-Responsibilities for the the other three policy directives information techI.J.ology, privacy, and Administration and Management of Transmittal Memorandum No. 1 to A-71. maintenance of Federal records. The Automatic Data Processing Activities A-108, and A-121-are appendices to Office of Management and Budget Transmittal Memorandum No. 1 to this Circular. The appendices will have published a notice concerning Circular No. A-71-Security of the same prescriptive force as this development of the Circular on Federal Automated Information Circular and will, when final. be issued September 12, 1983, and received Systems as part of this Circular. comments and suggestions from the A-~ooperating with State and Local public. This Circular supersedes 0MB On September 17, 1984, the President Governments to Coordinate and signed National Security Decision Circular Nos. A-71, A-90, A-108, and A- Improve Information Systems 121. Directive (NSDD) No. 145, National A-to~Responsibilities for the Policy on Telecommunications and DATE: Comments from the public should Maintenance of Records about Automated Information Systems be submitted no later than May 14, 1985. Individuals by Federal Agencies Security. The NSDD requires that the ADDRESS: Comments should be A-121-Cost Accounting, Cost Director, 0MB, review for consistency addressed to: J. Timothy Sprehe, Office Recovery, and Interagency Sharing of with the NSDD, and amend as of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Data Processing Facilities. appropriate, 0MB Circular No. A-71, Room 3235 New Executive Office Development of this Circular. On Transmittal Memorandum No. 1. The Building, Office of Management and September 12, 1983, 0MB published a draft Circular and Appendix III are . Budget, Washington, D.C. 20503. Notice in the Federal Register, 48 FR intended to satisfy the NSDD Telephone: (202) 395-4814. 40964, announcing development of an requirement. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The 0MB policy circular on Federal Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 information managem_ent and soliciting· Analysis of Key Sections (hereinafter the Act), Pub. L. 96-511, 94 public comment. The notice stated that 7. Basic Considerations and Stat. 2812, codified at Chapter 35 of Title 0MB was engaged in rewriting the five ;4.ssumptions. Basic considerations and 44 of the United States Codes, policy directives above and also assumptions are statements that provide establishes a broad mandate for solicited public comment on 16 issues the underpinnings for the prescriptive agencies to perform their informatiun going beyond the five policy directives. policies in section 8. These are either activities in an efficient, effective, and In response to this notice, by January derived from statutes or legislative economical manner. Section 3504 of the 1984 0MB received comments from 14 history, or represent executive branch Act provides authority to the Director, Federal agencies and 39 members of the management philosophy as embodied in Office of Management and Budget public. These comments were this Circular. (0MB), to develop and implement summarized by 0MB and the summary -Statements 7-a through 7-d provide uniform and consistent information was widely distributed to interested the general context for management of resources management policies; oversee parties. Comments on the notice have Federal information resources. the development and promote the use of been considered in formulating this information management principles, Circular. -Statement 7-e states a general standards, and guidelines; evaluate OMB's review of the five existing predisposition to use up-to-date agency information management policy directives led to the sonclusion information technology to manage practices in order to determine their that much, but not all, of their content Federal information resources. adequacy and efficiency; and determine was procedural in nature, concerned -Statements 7-f and 7--g pertain to the compliance of !luch practices with the chiefly with_how policies were to be Privacy Act and the Freedom of policies, principles, standards, and carried out. 0MB determined that it was Information Act, respectively. guidelines promulgated by the Director. important clearly to distinguish the This Circular implements 0MB statement of policies from the -Statemtmt 7-h pertains to the National authority under the Act with respect to procedures for implementing those Science and Technology Policy, section 3504(b), general information policies. For this reason the main body Organization and Priorities Act. policy, section 3504(e), records of this Circular consists of basic -Statement 7~i pertains to the Federal management, section 3504(f), privacy. c~nsiderations and assumptions, Records Act. Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices 10735 -Statement 7-j states a relationship collected, agencies must provide for its and may not be essential to the between Federal information policy protection. government or the public. It is important, and international information policy. (7). Training. Agency p~rsonnel must therefore, that agencies set strict 8. Policies. This section is divided into receive proper training to safeguard conditions upon the dissemination two subsections that generally information resources. Training is function. correspond to the twofold definition of particularly important in view of the The first question an agency must ask information resources management in changing nature of information itself is whether it should disseminate a section 6-b, namely. information itself resources management. The given information product or service at and the resources associated with development of end user computing and all; or,'if the agency is already information. office automation, for example, place disseminating the product or service, a. Information Management. The the management of information and whether it should continue to do so. Paperwork Reduction Act acknowledges information technology in the hands of Before deciding to disseminate an that information is ·a valuable resource nearly all agency personnel rather than information product or service, and and should be managed as such. in the hands of a few employees at periodically thereafter, an agency must Proceeding from this premise, this centralized facilities such as large be able to demonstrate that the subsection states policies concerning the computer centers. Policies and dissemination of the product or service management of Federal infonnation. procedures for computer security, is either required by law, or is clearly (1) and (2). Information Collection and records management. protection of permitted by law and is essential to Sharing. Because creation or collection privacy, and other safeguards need to be accomplishing the agency's mission. . of-information requires allocation of incorporated into information resources Given a statutory and mission-related scarce resources, agencies must management training programs. basis, agencies must also ask economize on such activities. Agencies (BJ and (9). Information themselves whether a proposed or must justify the creation or collection of Dissemination. The mere fact that an existing information product or service agency has created or collected new information in the light of their substantially duplicates similar products statutory missions, and must plan from information is not itself a valid reason or services that are already available, the outset for the steps in the for creating a program to disseminate either from another agency or from the information life cycle. Before creating or the information to the public. Agencies private sector. More than this, even if create and collect much information, collecting new information,. agencies the product or service does not presently often for purely internal governmental should look first to other agencies and exist, an agency must ask whether it is purposes, that is not intended for reasonable to expect that another the private sector in order to satisfy dissemination, for which there is no organization, public or private, would their needs. These requirements public demand, and the dissettiination of offer the product or service if the agency complement the Paperwork Reduction which would serve no public purpose Act and OMB's. regulation Controlling and would not be cost-justified; e.g., did not offer it. It so, then the agency Paperwork Burdens on the Public (5 compilations of routine time. and should not disseminate the information CFR Part 1320), which requires agencies attendance record1, for Federal product or service. Where. possible, to demonstrate that collections of employees, or publication of the agencies should disseminate information information have practical utility and thousands of pages common carrier products and services through existing are not duplicative of information tariff filings by regulatory agencies. programs, such as statutory authorized already available to the agency from While such information may; be subject technical information clearinghouses other sources. to access upon request under provisions and· the Federal Depository Libraries, (3) through (8). Privacy Act and of agency statutes, the Freedom of rather than creating new programs. Freedom of Information Act. These Information Act. or the Privacy Act, the (Note that "government publications," paragraphs contain policy statements agency must demonstrate in each case as defined at 44 U.S.C. 1902, must be pertaining to the Privacy Act and the need actively to disseminate such made available through the Federal incorporating the policies of 0MB information. Over time, changes in laws, Depository Libraries.) Circular No. A-108, which is rescinded economic conditions, oi: information When agencies have justified and and superseded. Agencies are to ensure technology can result in changes in made the basic decision to disseminate that they meet the requirements of the public demand, public purpose, or information, they must also satisfy Privacy Act regarding collection of dissemination costs; e.g., an agency's conditions regarding the manner of individually identifiable information. shift to electronic filing of i;eports might dissemination. First, agencies must act Such information is to be maintained generate a public demand for electronic in the most cpst effective manner, which and protected so as to preclude dissemination that could be satisfied at includes maximum reliance on the intrusion into the privacy of individuals. minimal cost to the government. The private sector. This is merely an Individuals must be accorded access decision to disseminate information, application of the policy stated in 0MB and amendment rights to records, as however, entails potentially significant Circular No. A-76, Performance of provided in the Privacy Act. Appendix I costs and mustbe addressed separately Commercial Activities, to agency prescribes procedures for the from the decision to create or collect information dissemination programs. It maintenance of records about · information. is "the general policy of the g.overnmenl individuals in accordance with the If agencies do contemplate to rely on commercial sources to supply Privacy Act. disseminating particular information, the products and services the In addition to Privacy Act they' should plan for its dissemination government needs," including products considerations, statements (3) and (4) before creating or collecting the and services the government needs in include provisions concerning information (see 8-a(l)). Planning for order to disseminate information to the proprietary information. Agencies are to dissemination should recognize that, public. For example, before an agency minimize their collection of proprietary while government information provided establishes a service for electronic information. consistent with legal lo the public should be distributed in a disseminat1on of government requirements and operational necessity useful form, dissemination activities information via an online computer and, when such information must be consume significant economic resources system, the agency should compare the 10736 Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices cost of contracting for operation of the increase at a rate faster than that of the accountable to the program managers in service versus in-house performance overall Federal budget. With outlays at a formal organizational sense. Program and determine whether in-house these levels and agencies becoming managers are nonetheless responsible performance is less costly. increasingly dependent upon for conducting their programs and, to the Agencies also must take reasonable information technology to accomplish extent successful conduct of the steps to ensure that members of the their missions, it is essential that programs entails support from public whom the agency has an planning processess be applied to the information systems, program managers obligation to reach have a reasonable acquisition and application of must be held accountable for acquiring ability to acquire the information. If the information technology. that support. The responsibilities of information product or service is of (1). Planning. The Paperwork program managers are therefore broad public interest, agencies can Reduction Act mandates a stronger presumed to include securing economize on information dissemination central role in information resources information systems support as needed, programs and at the same time ensure planning. Specifically, the Act requires and planning for contingencies. that the ip.terested public has reasonable that 0MB: (1) Publish a five-year Technical support organizations have a opportunity to receive government governmentwide automatic data concomitant responsibility to meet their information by using existing processing and telecommunications commitments, contractual or otherwise, dissemination mechanisms, as noted plan; (2) review and coordinate agency tQ their program clients, but the program above. In addition, agencies should take proposals for the acquisition and use of official has the ultimate responsibility care .that they do not permit contractors information technology; and (3) promote for delivering a program's product or functioning as sole suppliers for the the use of the technology to improve service. government to exercise monopolistic governmental efficiency and (4) and (5). Sharing Information controls in ways that defeat the effectiveness. In order to meet these Processing Capacity. Circular No. A- agencies' information dissemination objectives, it is necessary to initiate a 121, which is rescinded and superseded, obligations, for example by setting govemmentwide process for developing required only that the holder of excess unreasonably high prices. In some cases and institutionalizing information automatic data processing capacity agencies may need to formulate technology planning that is based in share such capacity. Because the holder contractual terms with a sole supplier agency programs and missions. The of excess capacity has little incentive to contractor so that the contractor planning must also be tied to the budget seek opportunities for sharing, however, functions as a mere intermediary for the so that budgetary decisions derive from the new policy requires both that the agency in dealing with end users in the plans, and conversely, s.o that budgetary holder share capacity and that the public. constraints are reflected in the plans. agency seeking information processing The Federal Government is the sole The process must further ensure that capacity fulfill its needs from other possessor and supplier of certain types sufficient information is available to the agencies or the private sector, whenever of information, which is frequently of central agencies to enable them to possible, before acquiring the new substantial commercial value. monitor compliance with Federal capacity itself. Procedural aspects of policies and identify major issues, Dissemination of such information, or its these policy statements are found in including cross-cutting issues where dissemination in a specific form or Appendix II. medium, may represent a government more active centralized planning and service from which recipients derive management may be appropriate. (6) and {7}. Life Cycle Costing; and special benefits, in which case they may Hence, agencies must institute A voiding Duplication. Agencies be subject to 0MB Circular No. A-25, information planning processes tied to frequently develop information User Charges. For example, where the both the conduct of programs and the technology incrementally, through a information is already substantially preparation of the agency's budget. series of interim upgrades, without available in printed form, agencies {2} and (3). Management Controls and regard for.longer term considerations should consider dissemination in Accountability. Basic management such as the information systems' life electronic form to be service of special controls for agency information systems cycle. As part of their planning, agencies benefit, the costs of which should be are fundamental to sound information need to consider the full information recovered through user charges. At resources management. These controls system life cycle when determining the present, most agencies do not have should ensure the documentation and cost of information-technology. coherent, agencywide policies and periodic review of major information Similarly, agency planning should procedures for setting user charges for systems, as well as periodic cost-benefit ensure that information systems are not information products and services with evaluation of overall information unnecessarily duplicative of systems a view to cost recovery. Agencies will resources management in light of agency available elsewhere in government or *now-ae~be required to recover costs for missions. In order to provide greater from the private sector. information products through user incentive for management efficiencies, {8}. Software Management. The c;harges, where appropriate. Agencies accountability for information systems prevailing agency practice of developing must also establish procedures for should be vested in the officials customized computer software is a periodically reviewing their information responsible for operating the programs source of inefficiency, as the General dissemination programs. that the systems support. Accounting Office·and others have b. Information Systems and Program managers depend upon noted. This practice is excessively Information Technology· Management. information systems to carry out their costly in terms of initial development, This subsection states policies programs, and yet frequently they do not continued maintenance, and eventual concerning the planning, acquisition, have direct control over the technical conversion to new technology. because operation, and management of Federal and operational support for those it requires the agency to bear the full information systems and technology. systems. Program managers often cost of developing and maintaining the The Federal information systems and depend upon agency computer centers software its uses. Managers are - technology budget, which was $14 or contracted service organizations, the therefore enjoined to acquire generic, billion in FY 1985, is projected to heads of which may not be directly off-the-shelf software available from the * Additional corrections can be found on the last page of this notice. Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices 10737 private sector instead of developing control reports Is now stated clearly in policy previously found in Circular No. their own. Appendix III. A-90, Transmittal Memorandum No. 1. {9}. Interconnectivity, Agencies often {14). Standards. The National Bureau The interagency group that worked on acquire technology that is incapable of of Standards, Department of Commerce, the revision of Circular No. A-90 communicating with other systems with develops and issues Federal Information recommended, and 0MB agreed, that which the agencies need to Processing Standards, and the National the Circular should be rescinded except communicate. Interconnectivity or Communications System develops and for a single policy statement prohibiting compatibility among information issues Federal Telecommunications Federal agencies from placing systems has consequently emerged as a Standards. Some standards are unnecessary restrictions on the significant infonnation resources mandatory for Federal agencies, while information 11ystems that State and local managemept problem. Agencies must others are voluntary. Agencie11 may governments use to carry out federally acquire or develop infonnation systems waive the use of Federal standards financed program activities. in a manner that enhances necessary under certain conditions and pursuant to {18) Application of Up-to-date compatibility. cert!lin procedures, which vary Information Technology. Recent {10) through {13}. Security. Security of depending upon the individual standard. availability of low cost, highly efficient infonnation systems means both the While governmentwide standards can and effective electronic information protection of information while it hi result in management efficiencies, technology can greatly increa&e worker within the systems and also th11 standards can also have the untoward productivity and facilitate operation of assurance that the systems do exactly effects of regulations, as noted in 0MB Federal agency program9, The Circular what they are supposed to do and Circular No. A-119. Agencies need to be states a predisposition, based In the nothing more. Information system mindful of the regulatory effects of Paperwork Reduction Act, in favor of security entails mar..agment controls to standards, and should continuously applying such technology to the ensure the integrity of operations assess their relative costs and benefits infonnation life cycle within a including such matters as proper access and their effects upon the agency's responsible management context. Two to the information in the systems and accomplishment of its mission. broad areas of infonnation technology proper handling of input and output. In (15) A voiding Information Technology merit further discussion: (1) Electronic this sense,.security of information Monopolies. Many agencies operate one information collection and systems is first and foremost a or more central information technology dis.semination, and (2) end u:,er management issue and only secondly a facilities to support agency programs. In computing. technical problem of computer security. these agencies, program managers are Electronic Collection and The recent introduction of smaller and often required to use the central Dissemfaation of Information. Federal more powerful computer·systems and facilities. The manager of such a agencies are moving rapidly to provide new communications technology and monopoly facility has a lesser incentive for collection.and dissemination of transmission media, together with the to control costs, since he or she has a information through electronic media. In greater involvement of end users in captive clientele. The program manager developing this Circular, 0MB managing information resources, have has little leverage to ensure that considered whether it was necessary to increai;ed the potential vulnerability of information processing resources are provide specific policies concerning Federal information systems and hence efficiently allocated since he or she electronic collection and dissemination the level of management concern. cannot seek, or can seek only with great of governmental information. 0MB Protecting personal, proprietary, and difficulty, alternative sources of supply. concluded that, except for the general other sensitive data from unauthorized To provide incentives conducive to more predisposition in favor of applying new access or misuse; detecting and businesslike procedures in these technological developments to preventing computer related fraud and facilities, agencies should avoid information resources management, the ·abuse; and assuring continuity of monopolistic information processing policies that apply to information operations of major infonnation systems arrangements and should enter into collection and dissemination in other in the event of emergency related them only if their cost effectiveness is media also apply to electronic; collection disruptions are increasingly serious clear and they are subject to periodic and dissemination. It hi important, policy issues. Policy previously found in review. Appendix II specifies certain however, that agencies recognize the Transmittal Memorcindum No. 1 to 0MB procedures with respect to this policy. necessity of systematically thinkin3 Circular No. A-71 is here revised; (16} Cost Recovery. This policy through the application of policies 3tated procedural aspects of the policy are in constitutes a revision to policy stated in elsewhere in this Circuiar to electronic Appendix Ill to the Circular. O~.fB Circular No. A-121. Whereas collection and disseminati acquire end user computing capabilities. within the agency. The responsibilities specific to these issues, targeted the 0MB end.orses the managed innovation of the senior official for information issues for special attention during the approach to end user computing resources management were identified management reviews, and requested presented in GSA's publication in 0MB Bulletin No. 81-21, which has individual agencies to submit Manag;'ng End User Computing in the expired. Those responsibilities are now management improvement plans on Federal Government (June 1983). established in this Circular. specific aspects of the issues. Pursuit of Because end user computing places International Information Policy. The this kind of selective oversight strategy management of information in the hands Circular deals with the management of permits 0MB and the agencies the of individual agency personnel rather information resources held by the flexibility to shift the focus of oversight than in a central automatic data Federal government. While the creation. as information issues and the processing organization, the Circular collection, processing, transmission, technological environment changes. requires that agencies train end users in dissemination, use, storage, and Darrell A. Johnson, their responsibilities for safeguarding disposition of information by the Acting Deputy ,4ssociate Director for information; Appendix III deals in part Federal government has international Administration. with the security of end user computing. ramifications, Federal government 9. Assignment of Responsibilities. information policy is not the same as CIRCULAR NO A- - This section assigns responsibilities for "U.S. information policy," which refers To the heads of Executive Departments the management of Federal information to U.S. national interests in the- and Establishments resources addressed in this Circular. information field vis-a-vis the policies · 0MB Circular No. A-71 is rescinded and and interests of other nations. The Subject: Management of Federal its contents are rev1sed and Circular formally acknowledges this Information Resources incorporated into this section along with distinction and assigns responsibilities 1. Purpose: This Circular establishes responsibilities assigned under the for international information policy only policy for the management of Federal Paperwork Reduction Act; section III of insofar as it relates to Federal information resources, Procedural the Federal Property and Administrative government information policy. guidelines for implementing specific Services Act, as amended; and Timely Technology Procurement. aspects of these policies are included as Executive Order 12046. Certain Inherent in effective management of appendices. assignments of responsibility from 0MB information technology is the ability of 2. Rescissions: This Circular rescinds to other agencies, as noted below, are program managers to acquire technology 0MB Circulars No. A-71, A-90, A-108. also included .. Following are principal in a timely manner. GSA is assigned the and A-121, and all Transmittal noteworthy aspects of this section. responsibility in section 9 to develop Memoranda to those Circulars. Triennial Reviews. The Administrator cirteria that will streamline procurement 3. Authorities: This Circular is issued of Information and Regulatory Affairs procedures and delegate procurement pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction and the Deputy Administrator of the authority to agencies that comply with Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 35); the Privacy General Services Administration, in an those procedures. All Federal agencies Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a), section 111 exchange of correspondence dated June are directed in section 9 to develop of the Federal Property and 13 and July 22, 1983, concurred that GSS internal policies and procedures that Administrative Services Act of 1949 as has the necessary statutory authority to further provide for timely acquisition of amended (40 U.S.C. 759), the Budget and conduct reviews of Federal agency information technology Accounting Act of 1921 as am·ended (31 Information Resources Management Records Management. The Paperwork U.S.C. 11); and Executive Order 12046 of (IRM) activities. The Paperwork Reduction Act makes the management March 27, 1978. Reduction Act provides that the Director of Federal records an integral part of 4. Applicability and Scope: of 0MB, " ... shall with the advice and information resources management. a. The policies in this Circular apply assistance of GSA selectively review, at While no new policies are embodied in to the information activities of all least once every" three years, the IRM this Circular, responsibilities have been agencies of the executive branch of the activities of each agency to ascertain assigned in order to ensure that agency Federal government. their adequacy and efficiency." Separate records management programs are b. Information classified for national reviews of agency IRM activities by considered within the context of Federal security purposes should also be 0MB and GSA would be unnecessarily information resources management. handled in accordance with the duplicative, which would not be 10. Oversight. The broad scope of the appropriate national security directives. .consistent with the Act. Accordingly, the Circular dictates a strategy of focusing 5. Background: The Paperwork · IRM reviews conducted by GSA will be ·oversight on a series of aspects of Reduction Act (hereinafter the Act) designed to mee·t OMB's requirements information resources management establishes a broad mandate for under the Paperwork Reduction Act as rather than on a single comprehensive agencies to perform their information well as GSA's own needs. reporting scheme. 0MB intends to use management activities in an efficient, Senior Officials for Information existing mechanisms, such as the fiscal effective, and economical manner. To Resources Management. In accordance budget, information collection budget, assist agencies in an integrated with 44 U.S.C. Chapter 35, agencies are and management reviews, to examine approach to ·information resources required to designate a senior official to agency compliance with the Circular. management, the-Act requires that the carry out responsibilities under the For exampie, during 1984 the Director of the Office of Management Paperwork Reduction Act. The management reviews for the FY l!t86 and Budget (0MB) develop and designation of the official is intended to budget year concentrated on five cross implerr.ent uniform and consistent assure clear accountability for setting cutting information issues: overall information resources management policy for agency information resources information resources management policies; oversee the development and management activities, provide for strategy, telecommunications, software promote the use of information greater coordination among the agency's management, "electronic filing," and management principles, standards, and information activities, and ensure end user computing. O1-.fB issued date guidelines; evaluate agency information greater visibility of such activities call bulletins requesting information management practices in order to Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, · 1985 / Notices 10739 determine their adequacy and i. The term "information technology which preservation protects the legal efficiency; and determine compliance of facility" means an organizationally and financial rights of the government or such practices with the policies, defined set of personnel, hardware. its citizens, and provides an official principles, standards, and guidelines software, and physical facilities. a record of Federal agency activH:es for promulgated by the Director. primary function or which is the agency management and historical 6. Definitions: As used in this operation of information technology. purposes. circular- j. The term "information resources j. Federal Government information a. The term "agency" means any management" means the planning, policies and activili-es can affect, and be executive department, military budgeting, organizing, directing, training. affected by, the information policie~ and department, government corporation, and control associated with government activities of other nations. government controlled corporation, or information. The term encompasses both 8. Policies: other establishment in the executive information itself and the related a. Information Management. Agencies branch of the government excluding the resources, such as personnel, equipment. shall: ·Executive Office of the President with funds, and technology. (1) Create or collect only that the exception of the Office of Other definilions splecific to the information necessary to achieve agency Management and Budget and the Office subjects of the appendices appear in the mission objectives and only after of Administration, or any independent appendices. planning for its processing, regulatory agency. 7. Basic Considerations and transmission, dissemination, use, b. The term "information" means any Assumptions: storage, and disposition; communication or reception of a. The Federal government is the (2) Seek .to satisfy new information knowledge such as facts, data, or largest single producer, consumer, and needs through interagency or opinions, including numerical, graphic, disseminator of information in the intergovernmental sharing of or narrative forms, whether oral or United States. Because of the size of the information or through commercial maintained in any medium, including government's information activities, the sources before creating or collecting computerized data bases, paper, management of Federal information new information; microform, or magnetic tape. resources is an issue of continuing (3) Limit the collection of in-dividually c. The term "government information" importance to the public and to the identifiable information and proprietary means information created, collected, government itself. information to that which is legally processed, transmitted, disseminated, b. Government information is a authorized and necessary to achieve valuable resource. It is an essential tool used, stored, or disposed of by the agency mission objectives; Federal government. for managing the government's d. The term "information system" operations, provides citizens with (4) Maintain and protect individually means the organized collection, knowledge of their society, and is a identifiable information and proprietary information in a manner that precludes: processing, and transmission of commodity with economic value in the information in accordance with defined marketplace. (a) Unwarranted intrusion upon procedures, whether automated or c. The value of government personal privacy [see Appendix!); and manual. information to the government is solely (b) Violation of obligations of e. The term "major information a function of the degree to wh_ich the confidentiality; system" means an information system information contributes to achieving (5) Provide individuals with that requires s.pecial continuing agencies' missions. reasonable access to, and the ability to management attention because of its d. The public and private benefits amend errors in, systems of records, Importance to an agency mission: its derived from government information consistent with the Privacy Act; high development, operating or must exceed the public and private costs (6) Provide public access to maintenance c9sts; or it significant of the information. government information, consistent with impact on the administration or agency e. The use of up-to-date information the Freedom of Information Act; programs, finances, property, or other technology offers opportunities to (7) Ensure that agency personnel are resources. improve the management of government trained to safeguard information f. The term "access to information" programs, and access to, and resources; refers to the function of providing to dissemination of, government (8) Disseminate government members of the public, upon their information. information products and services only request, the government information to f. The public's right to access to where: which they are.entitled urider law. government information·must be [a) Dissemination is either required by g. The term "dissemination of protected in the management of Federal law, or information" refers to the function of agency records. [b) Dissemination is essential to the distributing government information to g. The individual's right to privacy agency's accomplishing its mission, and the public whether through printed must be protected in Federal the products or services do not duplicate documents, or electronic or other media. · Government information activities similar products or services that are "Dissemination of information" does not involving personal information. already provided by other government include intra-agency use of information, h. The open and efficient exchange of or private sector organizations, or that interagency sharing of information, or government scientific and technical could reasonably be expected to be responding to requests for "access to information, subject to applicable provided by them in the absence of information," national security controls and agency dissemination; h. The term "information technology" proprietary rights others may have in (9) Disseminate government means the hardware and software used such information, festers excellence in information products and services, when in connection with government scientific research and the effective use the above conditions are met: information, regardless of the of Federal research and development [a) In a manner that reasonably technology involved, whether funds. ensures the information will reach the computers, telecommunications, i. The value of preserving government members of the public the agency is micrographics, or others. records is a function of the degree to responsible for reaching: 10740 Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices [b) In the manner most cost effective improper operation of the information Federal information resources and for the government, including placing systems (See Appendix III): recommend to the Director legislation, maximum feasible reliance on the (12) Assure that only authorized policies. procedures. and other guidance private se~tor for the dissemination of personnel have access to information to improve such management; the products or services; systems; (8) Assist 0MB in the performance of (c) So as to recover costs of {13) Plan to provide information its functions under the Paperwork disseminating the products or services systems with reasonable continuity of Reduction Act, including making through user charges, where support ,should their normal operations services, personnel. and facilities appropriate, in accordance with 0MB be disrupted in an emergency; avai.lable to 0MB for this purpose to the Circular No. A-25; and (14) Use Federal Information extent practicable; (d) Only after establishing procedures Processing and Telecommunications (9) Appoint a senior official, who shall for periodically reviewing the continued Standards except where it can be report directly to the agency head, to need for and manner of dissemination of demonstrated that the costs of using a carry out the responsibilities of the the products or services. standard exceed the benefits or the agency under the Paperwork Reduction b. Information Systems and standard will impede the agency in Act. The head of the agency shall keep Information Technology A1anagement. accomplishing its mission; the Director, 0MB. advised as to the (15) Not require program managers to Agencies shall: mime. title. authority. re!'ponsibilities. use specific i11formation technology (1) Establish multiyear strategic and organizational resources of the facilities or services unless it is clear planning processes for acquiring and senior official. For purpos·es of this and is convincingly documented, subject operating information technology that paragraph military departments and the to periodic review, that such use is the meet program and mission needs, refle'ct Office of the Secretary of Defense may most cost effective method for meeting budget contraints, and form the bases each appoint one official. for their budget requests; program requirements; (16) Account for the full costs of b. Department of State. The Secretary · (2) Establish systems of management of State shall: control that document the requirement operating information technology faciiities and recover such costs from (1) Advise the Director, 0MB, on the that each major information system is development of United States positions intended to serve; and provide for government users as provided in Appendix II: and policies on international periodic review of those requirements information policy issues affecting over the life of the system in order to (17) Not prescribe Federal Information system requirements that unduly restrict Federal government information determine whether the requirements activities and ensure that such positions continue to exist and the system the prerogatives of heads of State and local government units; and policies are consistent with Federnl continues to meet the purposes for information policy; which if was developed; (18) Seek opportunities to improve the operation of government programs or to (2) Ensure, in consultation with the (3) Make the official whose program realize savings for the government and Secretary of Commerce, that the United an information system supports the public through the application of up States is represented in the development responsible and accountable for the of international information technology products of that sys.tern; to-date information technology to government information activities. standards, and advise the Director. (4) Meet information processing needs 9. At:signment of Responsibilities: 0MB. of such activities. through interagency sharing and from a. All Federal Agencies. The head of c. Department of Commerce. The commercial sources before acquiring each agency shall: new information processing capacity; Secretary of Commerce shall: (1) Have primary responsibility for (1) Develop and issue Federal (5) Share available information managing agency information resources; processing capacity with other agencies Information Processing Standards and (2) Ensure that the information guidelines necessary to ensure the to the extent practicable and legally policies, principles, standards, permissible; efficient and effective acquisitio11, guidelines, rules, and regulations mam1gement. security, and use of (6) Acquire information technology in prescribed by o~m are implemented a competitive manner that minimizes information technology; appropriately within the agency; (2) Advise the Director, 0MB, on the total life cycle costs; (3) Develop internal agency development of policies relating to the (7) Ensure that existing and planning information policies and procedures and procurement and management of - major information systems do not oversee, evaluate, and otherwise Federal telecommunications resources; unnecessarily duplicate information periodically review agency information systems available from other agencies resources management activities for (3) Provide 0MB and the agencies or from the private sector; conformity with the policies set forth in with scientific and technical advisory (8) Acquire off-the-shelf software from the Circular; services relating to the development and commercial sources, unless the cost (4) Develop agency policies and use of information technology; effectiveness of developing custom procedures that provide for timely (4) Conduct studies and evaluations software is clear and has been acquisition of required information concerning telecommunications documented; technology: technology, and concerning the (9) Acquire or develop information (5) Maintain an inventory of the improvement, expansion, testing. systems in a manner that facilitates agencies' major information systems operation, and use of Federal interconnectivity; and information dissemination telecommunications systems and advise (10) Assure that information systems programs; the Directorko~m. and appropriate operate effectively and accurately; (6) Maintain a record of agency agencies of the recommendations that (11) Establish a level of security for all activities in accordance with the Federal result from such studies; agency information syste~s Records Act of 1950, as amended. (5) Develop, in consultation with the commensurate with the sensitivity of the (7) Identify to the Director, 0MB. Secretary of State and the Director, information and the risk and magnitude statutory, regulatory, and other 0MB, plans, policies, and programs of loss or harm that could result from impediments to efficient management of relating to international Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, Marc!h 15, 1985 / Notices 10741 telecommunications issues affecting f. Office of Personnel Management. conducted by the National Archives and government information activities: The Director. Office of Persopnel Records Administration and coordinate (6) Identify needs for standardization Management, shall: records management policies and of telecommunications and information (1) Develop and conduct training programs with other information processing technology, and develop programs for Federal personnel on activities: · standards, in consultation with the information resources management. (9) Review. with the advice and Executive Agent, National including end user computing; assistance of the Administrator of Communications System and the (2) Evaluate periodically future General Services, selected agencies' Administrator of General Services. to personnel management and staffing information resources management ensure efficient application of such requirements for Federal information activities.to meet the objectives of the technology: resources management; triennial reviews required by the (7) Ensure that the Federal (3) Establish personnel security Paperwork Reduction Act; government is represented in the policies and develop training programs (10) Review agencies' policie:i, development of national and, in for Federal personnel associated with practices, and programs pertaining to consultation with the Secretary of State. the design, operation, or maintenance of the security, protection, sharing, and international information technology information systems. disclosure of information, in order to standards, and advise the Director. g. National Archives and Records ensure compliance with the Privacy Act 0MB, of such activities. Administration. The Archivist of the and related statutes; United States shall: d. General Services .4dministratio11 (11) Resolve information technology (1) Administer the Federal records procurement disputes between agencies (GSA). The Administrator of General management program in·accordance Services shall: and the General Services with the National Archives and Records Administration pursuant to section 111 (1) Advise the Director, 0MB, and Act: agency heads on matters affecting the of the Federal Property and (2) Assist the Director. 0MB, in Administrative Services Act; procurement of information technology; developing standards and guidelines (12) Review proposed U.S. (2) Coordinate and, when required, relating to the records management government position and policy provide for the purchase, lease, and program. maintenance of information technology h. Office of Management and Budget. statements on international issues affecting Federal government required by Federal agencies; • The Director of the Office of information activities '\nd advise the (3) Develop criteria for timely Management and Budget will: Secretary of State as to their procurement of information technology (1) Provide overall leadership and consistency with and delegate procurement authority to coordination of Federal information Federal information agencies that comply with the criteria: resources management within the policy. . Executive Branch; 10. Oversight. The Director, 0MB. will (4) Provide guidelines and regulations use information technology planning for Federal agencies on the acquisition. (2) Serve as the President's principal adviser on procurement and reviews, fiscal budget reviews, use, maintenance, and disposition of information collection budget reviews, information technology: management of Federal telecommunications systems, and management reviews, GSA reviews of (5) Develop policies_and guidelines agency information resources that facilitate the sharing of information develop and establish policies for procurement and management of such management activities, and such other technology among agencies as required measures as he deems necessary to by this Circular; systems; (3) Issue policies, procedures. and evaluate the adequacy and efficiency of (6) Review agencies' information each agency's information resources resources management activities to meet guidelines to assist agencies in achieving integrated, effective, and management and compliance with this the objectives of the triennial reviews Circular. required by the Paperwork Reduction efficient information resources management; Appendix I: Fede::al Agency Act and report the results to the Responsibilities for Maintaining Director. ot~m: (4) Initiate and review proposals for changes in legislation, regulations, and Records about Individuals (7) Manage the Automatic Data agency procedures .to improve Federal Appendix II: Cost Accounting. Cost Processing Fund and the Federal information resources management: Recovery, and Interagency Sharing of Telecommunications Fund in (5) Review and approve or disapprove Information Technology Facilities accordance with the Federal.Property c1gency proposals for collection of Appendix III: Security of Federal and Administrative Services Act. as information from the public. as defined Automated Information Systems amended: in 5 CFR 1320.7; David A. Stockman. (8) Establis~ procedures for approval. [6) Develop and publish annually. in Director. implementation, and dissemination of consultation with the-Administrator of Federal telecommunications standards General Services, a five-year plan for Appendix I-Federal Agency and guidelines and for implementation meeting the information technology Responsibilities for Maintaining Records of Federal Information Processing needs of the Federal government: about Individuals Standards. (7) Evaluate agencies' information 1. Purpose and Scope. This appendix e. National Communications Svstem. resources management and idenlify describes agency responsibilities for The Executive Agent, National · cross-cutting information policy issues implementing the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 Communications System, shall develop. through the review of agency U:S.C. 552a as amended (hereinafter in consultation with the Administrator information programs, information "the Act"), It applies to all agencies of General Services, uniform Federal collection budgets, information subject to the Act. The appendix telecommunications standards and technology acquisition plans, fiscal constitutes a revision to procedures guidelines to ensure national security, budgets, and by other means; formerly contained in 0MB Circular No. emergency preparepness, and continuity (8) Provide policy oversight for the A-108, now rescinded. of government. Federal records management function 2. Definitions. 10742 Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / . Notices a. The terms "agency." "individual," requirements of the Act, with the considered to be maintained by the "maintain," "record," "svstem of agency's implementing regulation, and agency that deposited them. The records," and "routine use," as used in with any special requirements that their Archivist may disclose deposited this appendix, are defined in the Act (5 specific jobs entail. records only according to the access U.S.C. 552a(a)}. (7) Violations. Review annually the rules established by the agency that b. The term "minor change to a system actions of agency personnel that have deposited them. of records" means a change that does resulted either in the agency being found (4) Provide annually to the Director. not significantly change the system; that civilly liable under section (g) of the Act, o:rvrn, a listing of Privacy Act is, does not affect the character or or an employee being found criminally publication activities, for the previous purpose of the system and does ncit liable under the provisions of section (i) calendar year, of each agency subject to affect the ability of an individual to gain of the Act, in order to determine the the Act. This listing shall include the access to his or her record or to any extent of the problem and to find lhe number of new systems of records information pertaining to him or her most effective way to prevent published, the number of amended which is contained in the system; e.g., recurrences of the problem. systems, the number of exemptions, and changing the title of the system b. Department of Commerce. The the number of uses. manager. Setretary of Commerce shall, consistent f. Office of Management and Bur;lget. 3. Assignment of Responsibilities. with guidelines issued by the Director, The Director of the Office of a. All Federal Agencies. In addition to 0MB, develop and issue standards and Management and Budget will: meeting the agency requirements guidelines for assuring the security of (1) Issue guidelines and directives to contained in the Act, and the specific automated information systems. the agencies to implement the Act. reporting requirements detailed in this c. General Services Administration. (2) Assist the agencies, at their appendix, the head of each agency shall The Administrator of General Services request, in implementing their Privacy ensure that the following reviews are shall, consistent with guidelines issued Act programs. conducted as often·as specified below, by the Director, O~IB. issue instructions (3) Review the new and altered and be prepared to report to the on what agencies must do in order to system reports agencies submit pursuant Director, 0MB, the results of such comply with the requirements of section to section (o) of the Act. reviews and the corrective action taken (ml of the Act when contracting for the (4) Compile the annual report of the to resolve problems uncovered. The operation of a system of records to President to the Congress in accordance head of each agency shall: accomplish an agency purpose. with section (p) of the Act. (1) Section [m} Contracts. Review d. Office of Personnel Management. . 4. Reporting Requirements. every five years a random sample of The Director of the Office of Personnel a. agency contracts that provide for the Management shall, consistent with Privacy Act Annual Reports. Agencies shall submit a Privacy Act maintenance of a system of records on guidelines issued by the Director, 0MB: behalf of the agency to accomplish an (1) Develop and maintain Annual Report to the Director, 0MB, agency function, in order to ensure that governmentwide standards and covering their Privacy Act activities for the wording of each contract makes the procedures for civilian personnel the calendar year. The format and provisions of the Act apply. (5 U.S.C. information processing and timing of the report will be established 552a(m)(1)} recordkeeping directives to assure by the Director, 0MB. (5 U.S.C. 552a (2) Recordkeeping Practices. Review conformance with the Act. (pl}. annual agency recordkeeping and (2) Develop and conduct training b. New and Altered System Reports. disposal policies and practices in order programs for agency personnel, The Act requires agencies to publish to assure compliance with the Act. including both the conduct of courses in notices in the Federal Register (3) Routine Use Disclosures. Review various substantive areas (e.g., legal, describing new or altered systems or every three years the routine use administrative, information technology) records, and to submit reports on these disclosures associated with each system and the development of materials that systems to the Director, 0MB, and to the ofrecords in order to ensure that the agencies can use in their own courses. Congress. . recipient's use of such records continues The assignment of this responsibility to (1) Altered System of Records. Minor to be compatible with the purpose for OPM does not affect the responsibility changes to systems of records need not which the disclosing agency originally of individual agency heads for be reported. The following changes are collected the information. developing and conducting training those for which a report is required: (4) Exemption of Systems of Records. programs tailored to the specific needs (a) An increase or change in the Review every three years each system of their own personnel. number of types of individuals on whom of records for which an exemption from e. National Archives and Records records are maintained. For example, a any provision of the Act has been Administration. The Archivist of the decision to expand a system that asserted in order to determine whether United States shall, consistent with originally covered only residents of such exemption is still needed. guidelines issues by the Director, 0MB: public housing in major cities to cover (5) Matching Programs. Review (1) Issue instructions on the format of such residents nationwide would require annually each ongoing matching the agency notices and rules required to a report. Increases attributable to program in which the agency has be published under the Act. normal growth should not.be reported. participated during the year, either as a (2) Compile and publish annually the (b) A change that expands the types source or as a matching agency, in order rules promulgated under 5 U.S.C. 552a(f) or cate~ories of information maintained. to ensure that the requirements of the: and agency notices published under 5 For example, a personnel file that has Act, the 0MB Matching Guidelines, and U.S.C. 552a(e)(4) in a form available to been expanded to include medical the 0MB Model Control System and the public. records would require a report. Checklist have been met. (3) Issue procedures governing the (c) A change that alters the purpose (6) Privacy Act Training. Review trclnsfer of records to Federal Records for which the information is used. annually agency training practices in Centers for storage, processing, and (d) A change to equipment :>rder.to ensure that all agency servicing pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3103. For configuration (either hardware·or personnel are familiar with the purposes of the Act, such records are software) that creates substantially Federal Regist.er / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices 10743 greater access to the records in the support an agency housekeeping Speaker of the House of systems. For example, locating program, e.g., a carpool locator, the Representatives, Washington, D.C. interactive terminals at regional offices agency may, however, cite a general 20515 for accessing a system formerly housekeeping statute that authorizes the Administrator, Office of Information and accessible only at the headquarters agency head to keep such records as are Regulatory Affairs, Office of would require a report. necessary. Management and Budget, Washington, (e) The addition of an exemption (2) Provide the agency's evaluation of D.C . 20503 (pursuant to sections (j) or (k) of the the probable or potential effects of the Agencies may assume that 0MB Act). Note that, in submitting a proposal on the privacy of individuals. concurs in their proposal if 0MB has not rulemaking for an exemption as part of a (3) Describe the relationship of the commented within 60 days from the date report of a new cir altered system. proposal, if any, to the other branches of the transmittal letter was signed. agencies will meet the reporting the Federal Government and to State Agencies may publish system and requirements of Executive Order 12291 and local governments. routine use notices as well as exemption and need not make a separate (4) Provide a brief description of the rules in the Federal Register at the same submission under that order. steps taken by the agency to minimize time that they send the new or altered When an agency makes a change to an the risk of unauthorized access to the system report to 0MB and the Congress. information technology installation, system of records. A more detailed The 60 day period for 0MB and telecommunication network, or any assessment of the risks and specific Congressional review and the 30 day other general changes in information administrative, technical, procedural. notice and comment period for routine collection, processing, dissemination, or and physical safeguards established uses and exemptions will then run storage that affect multiple systems of shall be made available to 0MB upon concurrently. records, it may submit a single request. (4) Waivers of Report Time Period. consolidated new or altered system (5) Explain how each proposed routing The Director, 0MB, may grant a waiver report, with changes to existing notices use satisfies the compatability of the 60 day period if the agency asks and supporting documentation included requirement of subsection (a)(7) of the for the waiver and can demonstrate in the submission. Act. compelling reasons. Agencies may (2) Contents of the Report. The report [c) Supporting Documentation. Attach assume that 0MB concurs in their for a new or altered system has three the following to all new or altered request if 0MB has not commented elements: a transmittal letter, a system reports: within 30 days of the date the narrative statement, and supporting (1) An advance copy of the new or transmittal letter was signed. When a documentation that includes a copy of altered system notice (consistent with waiver is granted, the agency is not the proposed Federal Register notice. the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552a(e)(4)) that thereby relieved of any other There is no prescribed format for either the agency proposes to publish for the responsibility or liability under the Act. the letter or the narrative statement. The new or altered system. For pr'tlposed Note that 0MB cannot waive time notice must appear in the format altered systems the documentation periods specifically established by the prescribed by the Office of the Federal should be in the same form as the Act. Agencies will still have to meet the Register's Document Drafting agency proposes to publish in the public statutory notice and comment periods Handbook. notice. required for establishing a routine use or (a) Transmittal Letter. The transmittal (2) An advance copy of any new rules claiming an exemption. letter should be signed by the senior or changes to published rules (consistent agency official responsible for with the provision of 5 USC 552a(f), (j), Appendix II-Cost Accounting, Cost implementation of the Act within the and (kl) that the agency proposes to Recovery, and Interagency Sharing of agency and should contain the name issue for the new or altered system. If no Information Technology Facilities and telephone number of the individual changes to existing rules are required, 1. Purpose. who can best answer questions about the report shall so state. Proposed This appendix establishes procedures the system. The letter should contain the changes to existing rules shall be for cost accounting, cost recovery, and agency's assurance that the proposed provided in the same form as the agency interagency sharing of Federal system does not duplicate any existing proposes to publish for formal information technology facilities. The agency systems. 1t should also state that rulemaking. , appendix revises procedures formerly a copy of the report has been distributed (3) 0MB control numbers, expiration contained in 0MB Circular No. A-121, to the Speaker of the House and the dates, and titles of any 0MB approved now rescinded. President of the Senate as the Act information collection requirements 2. Applicability. requires. The letter may also include contained in the system of records. If the This appendix applies to all requests for waiver of the reporting time request for 0MB clearance of an information technology facilities that are period. information collection is pending, the operated by, or on behalf of, a Federal (b) Narrative Statement. the narrative agency may simply state the title of the agency; provide service to more than statement should be brief. It should collection and the date it was submitted one user; operate one or more general make reference, as appropriate, to for 0MB clearance. . management computers; and have information in the supporting (3) Timing and Distributian for obligations in excess of $100,000 per dc::umentation rather than restating Submitting New and Altered System vear. such information. The statement should: Reports. Submit reports on new and • 3. Definitions. (1) Identify the authority under which altered systems of records not later than a. The term "information technology the system is maintained. The agency 60 days prior to establishment of a new facility" means an organizationally should avoid citing housekeeping system or the implementation of an defined set of personnel. hardware, statutes, but rather cite the underlying altered system (5 U.S.C. 552a(o)). Submit software, and physical facilities, a programmatic authority for collecting, three copies of each report to: primary function of which is the maintaining, and using the information. President of the Senate, Washington, operation of information technology. An When the system is being operated to D.C. 20510 • information technology facility includes: 10744 Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices (1) The personnel who operate (6) Space occupancy, including rental information technology facilities where computers or telecommunications and lease of buildings, general office estimated full costs exceed $3 million systems; develop or maintain software; furniture, and equipment; building per year provide user liaison and training; maintenance; heating, air conditioning (2) Make annual estimates, using cost schedule computers, prepare and control and other utilities; telephone services; finding techniques, of the full costs of input data; control, reproduce, and and building security and custodial operating facilities where estimated distribute output data; maintain tape services. costs are less than $3 million per year. and disk libraries; provide security,· (7) Intra-agency services, including the c. User Cost Distribution System. maintenance, and custodial services; costs of normal agency support services, Agencies shall implement a user cost and directly manage or provide direct that are paid by the installation. system to distribute the full cost of administrative support to personnel (8) Interagency services, including the providing services. The user cost system engaged in these activities. costs of services provided by other will: agencies and departments, that are paid (2) The owned or leased computer and (1) Be consistent with guidance telecommunications hardware, including by the installation. provided in the Federal Government c. The term "user" means an central processing units; associated Accounting Pamphlet No. 4 and in the organizational or programmatic entity peripheral equipment such as disk Federal Information Processing drives, tape drives, drum storage, that receives service from an information technology facility. A user Standards Publication No. 96, printers, card readers, and consoles; "Guidelines for Developing and data entry equipment; data may be either internal or external to the agency organization responsible for the Implementing a Charging System for reproduction, decollation, booking, and Data Processing Services" (National binding equipment; telecommunications facility. d. The term "general management Bureau of Standards, Department of equipment used for the transfer of data Commerce, 1982). between remote sites and the facility computer" means a digital computer that is used for any purpose other than as a (2) Price each service provided by the including telecommunications control facility to the users of that service-on an units, terminals, modems, and dedicated part of a process control system, space system, mobile system, or a system equitable cost sharing basis telephone lines. commensurate with the amount of (3) The software, including operating meeting one of the exclusions identified in the Department of Defense resources required to provide that system software, utilities, sorts, service and the priority of service language processors, access methods, Authorization Act of 1982. 4. Cost Accounting, Cost Recovery, provided. The cost of individual data base processors, and other similar transactions may be estimated provided multi-user software required by the and Interagency Sharing for Information Technology Facilities. that they are periodically reconciled to facility for support of the facility and/ or assure that the full costs of operations for general use by users of the facility. a. Interagency Sharing. Agencies shall: are equitably allocated among all users. All software acquired or maintained by Fixed price arrangements for services users of the facility is excluded. - (1) Share their information technology facilities with users from other agencies during a specified period of time are (4) The physical facilities, including permissable provided that such prices computer rooms; tape and disk libraries; to the maximum extent feasible. (2) Document sharing arrangements, are periodically adjusted to assure an stockrooms and warehouse space; office equitable allocation of costs. · space; physical fixtures. where the total annual reimbursement exceeds $500,000, with individual (3) Directly distribute to the recipient b. The term "full costs" means all of the services the full costs of dedicated significant expenses incurred in Llie written agreements that identify: (a) Services available for sharing; services, including application systems operation of an information technology (b) Service priority procedures and developed and maintained; software facility. The following cost elements are terms (e.g., quality performance unique. to a single application; and included: standards) to be provided to each user; remote terminals and modems. (1) Personnel. including salaries, (c) Prices to be charged for providing d. Cost Recovery. Agencies shall: overtime, and fringe benefits of civilian services; and military personnel; training; and (1) Submit periodic statements to all (d) Reimbursement arrangements for users of agency information technology travel. · services provided; (2) Equipment, including depreciation facilities specifying the costs of services (e} Arrangements for terminating the provided; · for owned, capitalized equipment: rental sharing agreement; costs; lease costs; and direct expenses (2) Reco~'er full costs from Federal (3) Provide standard terms and users of the facility; and for noncapitalized equipment. conditions to users obtaining similar (3) Software, including depreciation services insofar as possible. (3) Recover costs from nonfederal for capitalized costs of developing, (4) Use such sharing arrangements, users of the facilities consistent with converting, or acquiring software: rental when fully documented and part of a 0MB Circular No. A-25. costs for software; and direct expenses formal sharing program, in justifications e. Accounting for Reimbursements for noncapitalized acquisition of · to 0MB for resource requests and Received. Agencies shall: software. · allocations only where exceptional (1) Reduce agency budget and (4) Supplies, including office supplies: circumstances preclude the user agency apprdpriation requests by the amount of data processing materials; and from using alternative sources. planned reimbursements from shared miscellaneous expenses. b. Cost Accounting. Agencies shall: information technology facilities; (5) Contracted services, including (1) Assure that agency cost accounting (2) Prepare, at the ·close of each fiscal technical and consulting services; procedures are consistent with the year a report that documents in the equipment maintenance; data entry Federal Government Accounting agency's official records the full cost of support; operations support; facilities Pamphlet No. 4, "Guidelines for operating information technology management; maintenance of software; Accounting for Automatic Data facilities that recover more than $500,000 and telecommunications network Processing" (U.S" General Accounting per year from sharing reimbursements. services. Office, 1978), for the operation of The report should document past year . - .. Federal Register / VoL 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices 10745 costs and provide estimates for the systems security programs; assigns telecommunications safeguards in current and budget years; r~sponsibilities for the security of automated informations systems; and (3) Deposit to the U.S. Treasury as agency automated information systems: -Assure the continuity of operation of miscellaneous receipts the excess of and clarifies the relationship between automated information systems that reimbursements over full costs in any such agency security pr.ograms and support critical agency functions. fiscal year; and internal control systems established in Agencies shall implement an automated (4) Use, at agency discretion, the accordance with 0MB Circular No. A- information svstems security program, portion of reimbursements arising from 123, Internal Control Systems. The including the preparation of policies, equipment and software depreciation for appendix revises procedures formerly standards, and procedures. This the replacement and augmentation of contained in Transmittal Memorandum program will be consistent with information technology capital assets. No. 1 to 0MB Circular No. A-71, now governmentwide policies, procedures, provided such usage is specifically rescinded, ~nd incorporates provisions and standards issued by the Office of approved as part of the budget and from applidable national security Management and Budget, the appropriation. directives. Department of Commerce, the 5. Selectjon of Information 2. Definitions. Department of Defense, the General Technology Facilities to Supporl New a. The term "automated information Services Administration, and the Office Applications. In selecting information system" means an information system of Personnel Management. Agency technology facilities to support new (defined in section 6d of the Circular) programs shall, at a minimum, include applications, agencies shall establish a that is automated. three primary elements: applications I_Tlanagement control procedure for b. The term "information technology security, personnel security, and determining which facility will be used installation" means one or more information technology installation to support each significant application. computer or office automation systems security. This procedure shall ensure that: including related telecommunications, a. Applications Security. (a) All alternative facilities are peripheral and storage units, central (1) Management Control Process and considered, including other Federal processing units,.and operating and Sensitivity Evaluation. Agencies shall agency and nonfederal facilities and support system software. Information establish a management control process services; technology installations may range from to assure that appropriate (b) Agency rules do not require that information technology facilities such as administrative, physical, and technical priority be given to the use of in-house large centralized computer centers to safeguards are incorporated into all new facilities; individual stand-alone microprocessors applications, and into significant (c) The user of the application has such as personal computers. modifications to existing applications. primary responsibility for selecting the c. The term "sensitive data" means Management officials who are the facility; and data that require protection due to the primary users of applications should (d) Each selection decision is risk or magnitude or loss or harm that evaluate the sensitivity of new or documented in the agency's official could result from inadvertent or existing applications being substantially records. deliberate disclosure, alteration, or modified. For those applications 6. Assignment of Responsibilities. destruction of the data. The term considered sensitive, the management a. All Federal Agencies. The head of includes records about individuals each agency shall: control process shall, at a minimum, requiring protection under the Privacy (1) Establish policies and procedures include security specifications and Act, proprietary data, and data not and assign responsibilities to implement design reviews and systems tests. the requirements of this appendix; and releasable under the Freedom of (a) Security Specifications. Agencies (2) Ensure that contracts awarded for Information Act, as well as agency data shall define and approve security the operation of compliance with the that affect the agency's mission. requirements and specifications prior to requirements of this appendix. d. The term "sensitive application" acquiring or starting formal b. General Services Administration. means an application of information development of the applications. The The Administratior of General Services technology that requires protection results of risk analyses performed at the shall: because it processes sensitive data, or information technology installation (1) Ensure that information technology because of the risk and magnitude of where the applications will be facilities designated as Federal Data loss or harm that could result from processed should be taken into account Processing Centers comply with the improper operation or deliberate when defining and approving security procedures established by this manipulation of the application. specifications for the applications. Other appendix; e. The term" security specifications" vulnerabilities of the applications, such (2) Ensure that provisions consistent means a detailed description of the as in telecommunications links, shall with this appendix are included in safeguards required to protect a also be considered in defining security contracts for the operation of sensitive application. requirements. The views and information technology facilities when 3. Automated Information Systems recommendations of the information acquiring services of behalf of an Security Programs. Agencies shall technology user organization, the agency; assure an adequate level of security for information technology installation, and 7. Implementation Requirements. all agency automated information the individual responsible for security at Agencies shall implement the systems, whether maintained in-house the installation shall be considered prior provisions of this appendix within 180 or commercially. Specifically, agencies to the approval of security specifications days of the publication of this Circular. shall: for the applications. -Assure that automated information (b) Design Reviews and System Tests. Appendix III-Security of Federal systems operate effectively and Agencies shall conduct and approve Automated Information Systems accurately; design reviews and system tests, prior to 1. Purpose. This appendix establishes -Assure that there are appropriate placing the application into operation, to a minimum set of controls to be included technical, personnel, administrative, assure the proposed design meets the in Federal automated information environmental, and approved-security specifications. The 10746 Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices objective of the system tests should be investigations, depending upon the recovery and continuity of operations to verify that required administrative, sensitivity of the infoi;mation to be plans for all information technology technical, .and physical safeguards are handled and the risk and m13gnitude of installations. The objective of these operationally adequate. The result" of loss or harm that could be caused by the plans should be to pro·,ide reasonable the design reviews and system tests individual. These policies shall be continuity of data processing support shall be fully documented and established for both Federal and should events occui; that prevent normal maintained in the official agency contractor personnel. Personnel security operations at the installation, For large records. policies for Federal employees shall be installations, the plans should be fully (c) Certification. Upon completion of consistent with policies issued by the documented and operationally tested the system tests, an agency official shall Office of Personnel Management. periodically. at a frequency certify that the system meets all c. Information Technology commensurate with the risk and applicable Federal policies, regulations, installation Security. Agencies shall magnitude of loss or harm that could and standards, and that the results of assure that an appr9priate level of result from disruption of information the tests demonstr11te that the installed security is maintained at all information technology support. security safeguards are adequate for the technology installation operated by or (4) Acquisition Specifications. application. · on behalf of the Federal government Agencies shall estab)ish policies and (2) Periodic Review and (e.g., government-owned, contractor• responsibilities to assure that [f.ecp,rtifk;ation. Agencies shall conduct operated installations]. appropriate technical, administrative, periodic audits or reviews of sensitive (1) Assigning Responsibility. Agenc;it?S physical, and personnel security applicatigns and recertify the adequacy shall assign responsibility for the requirements are included in of security safeguards. Audits or security of each installation to a specifications for the acquisition or reviews shall evaluate the adequacy of ma!lagement official knowledgeable in operation of information technology implemented safeguards, assure they are infprmation technology and security installations, equipment, software, and fui:ictioning properly, identify matters. - related services, whether procured by vulnerabilitie11 that could heighten (~) Periodic Risk Analysis. Agencies the agency or by GSA. These security threat11 to sensitive data or valuable !!h11U establish a program for the reqµirements shall be reviewed and resources, and assist with the conduct of periodic risk analyses at approved by the manageIIjent official implementation of new safeguards each installation to ensure that responsible for security at the where required. They are intended to appropriate, cost effective safeguards installation making the acquisition. provide a basis for recertification of the are incorporated into existing and new d. Trainging Program$ for Automated security of the application. installations. The objective pf a risk Information Systems Security. Agencies Recertification shall be fully analysis is to provide a measure of the shall establish a security awareness and documented and maintained in the relative vulnerabilities and threats to an training program to assure tha,t agency official agency records. Audits or installation so that security resources and contractor personnel invqlved in the reviews and recertifications shall be can be effectively distributed to management, operation, programming, performed at least every three years. minimize potential loss. Risk analyses maintenance, or use of information They should be considered as part of may vary from an informal review of a technology are aware of their security agency vulnerability a!!sessments and microcomputer installation to a formal, internal ogntrol reviews conducted in fully quantified risk analysis of a large responsibilities and know how to fulfill accordance with 0MB Circular No. A- scale computer system. The results of them. Users of informatipn technology syiitemii should be apprised of the 123. Security or other control these analyses should be documented weaknesses identified shall be included and taken into consideration by vulnerabilities of such t1ystem3 and in the annual internal control assurance management officials when certifying trained in techniques to enhance letter and report required by Circular sensitive applications 3~•stems security. Ng, A-123. processed at the installatiop. Such 4. Assignment of Responsibilities. (3) Conting@ncy Plans. Agencies shall analyses should also be consulted a. Department of Commerce. The establish policies and assign during the evaluation of general controls Secretary of Commerce shall: resppnsibilities to assure that over the management of information (1) Develop and issue standards and appropriate contipgengy plans are technolo~y installations conducteq in guidelines for assuring the secyrity of developed and maintained by encl user!! accordance with 0MB Circular No. A- Federal autom9ted information systems; of information technology applications. 12:}. A risk analysis shall be performed: and The intent of such plans.is to assure that (a) Prior to the approval of design (2) Provide technical assistance to end users can cgntinue to perform specifications for new installations; Federal agepcies in implementing those e!jsential fu!lotions in the event their (b] Whenever a significant change standards and guidelines. information teohIIology support is occurs to the installations (e.g., adding a b. Department of Defense. The interrupted. Such plans should be local area network; changing from batch Secretary of Defense shall: cgnsistent with disaster recovery and to online processing; adding dial-up (1) Act, in ac<;:ordance with applicable continuity of operations plans capability]. Agency criteria for defining national security directives, as maintained by the installation where the significant change shall be executive agent of the government for application is processed. commensurate with the sensitivity of the the security of automated infqrmation b. Personnel Security. Agencies shall data, processgd by the facility. systems that prgcess information the establish apd manage pt?rsonnel security (c] At periodic interv13ls established loss of which could adversely affect the policies and procedures for screening all by the agency coffimensurate with the national security interest; and individuals participating in the {,iesign, sensitivity of the data processed, but not (2) Provide technical material and develQpment, operation, or maintenance to exceed even- five years if no risk assis!ance to Fea:leral agencies of Federal automated information analysis has been performed during that concerning security of Federal systems. The level of screening required periea. automated information systems, by these policies should vary from (3) l)i:,pster and Continuity Plan. including acquisition and use of minimal checks to full background Agencie11 shall maintain disaster encryption devices approved by the . - - Federal Register / Vol. 50, No. 51 / Friday, March 15, 1985 / Notices 10747 National Security Agency for for agency specification of security checks imposed by these policies should telecommunications security. requirements. vary commensurate with the risk and c. General Services Adminislratio11. (3) Assure that information technology magnitude of Joss or harm that could be The Administrator of General Services equipment, software, computer room caused by the individual. The checks shall: construction, guard or custodial may range from merely normal services, telecommunications services, (1) Issue policies and regulations for reemployment screening procedures to and any other related services procured the physical and environmental security full background investigations. by GSA meet the security requirements of computer rooms in Federal buildings 5. Reports. In thei:- annual internal established and specified by the user consistent with standards issued by the control report to the President and the agency and are consistent with other Congress. required under 0MB Circular Department of Commerce and the applicable policies and standards issued Department of Defense. No. A-123, agencies shall: by 0MB, the Department of Commerce. a. Describe any material weaknesses (2) Assure that agency procurement the Department of Defense, and the requests for computers, software, identified during audits or reviews of Office of Personnel Management.- sensitive applications or when telecommunications services, and d. Office of Personnel Mangemenl. conducting risk analyses of installations: related services include security The Director, Office of Personnel and requirements. Delegations of Management, shall establish personnel b. Provide assurance that there is procurement authority to agencies by security policies for Federal personnel adequate security of agency automated GSA under mandatory programs, dollar associated with the design, information systems. threshold delegations, certification programming, operation, maintenance, programs, or other so-called blanket or use of Federal automated information [FR Doc. 85---{,167 Filed 3-14--85; 8:45 am] delegations shall include requirements systems. Requirements for personnel BIi.LING COCE 3110-01--M CORRECTIONS Federal Register / Vol. .SO; No. 55 / Thursday, tvfarch 21, 1985 / Notices 11471 14. On page 10743, second column. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND (,. On the same page, second column. next to la~t line. "date·· shoLild reud paragraph (bl(5), first line. "routing" BUDGET "data". · should read "routine". Management of Federal Information 7. On the same page. third column. 15. On page 10745, first column. Resources 11th line. "c:hang~s" should reud paragraph 6a(2}. second line. after "change". "operation of' and before "compli,1ncr:'" Correction 8. On page 10739, first column. insert the following: "information In FR Doc. 85-6167 beginning on page parngraph 6e, seventh line, "it" should technology facilities include provisions 10734 in the issue of Friday, March 15. read "its", and in the eighth line. "or" for". 1985, make the following corrections: should read "of'. 16. On the same page, same column. 1. On page 10735, third column, fl. On the same page, second column. paragraph 6b(2). fifth line, "services of' ,second complete paragraph, 19th line. paragraph 6i, fifth line. "or" should read should read "services on". "statutory" should read "statutorily" . . ··or·. 17. Ort the same page. second column. 2. On page 10736, first column. second 10. On page 10740. first column. paragraph 2c, third line, "magnitude or" complete paragraph. 15th line, "be paragraph b(2), second line. should read "magnitude of'. service" should read "be a service"; in ·'rP(Jtdrement" should read 1_8. On page 107-16. second column. the 23rd line. "not be required'" should "requirements": and in paragrnph ·t,(7). paragraph c, fifth line. "installation" read "now be required". first ljne. "planning'' should read should read "installations··. "pl,mm:d". 3. On the same page, third column. BILLING CODE 1505-01-M third line from the bottom of the page. 11. On tlu: same page. second colunm "its" should read "it". p,iragraph 9a(3). seventh linP. ··the" 4. On page 10737, second column. lwll sh0uld reMI "this". line, "Government" should read 12. On page 10742. second column. "Governments", paragraph e, fourth line, "issues" should 5. On page 10738, first column. first read "issued". complete paragraph, ninth line, ··section 13. On the same page, third column. III"' should read "section 111"; second p,1ragraph 4b(l)(a), second iine. complete p·aragraph. sixth line. "GSS" "number of' should read "number or". should read "GSA". LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1984 A five-year extension and amendment of the Library Services and Construction Act (HR 2878) was signed into law on October 17 (now PL 98-480). The House had passed HR 2878 by a vote of 357-39 on January 31; the Senate passed S. 2490 by voice vote on June 21. A House-Senate con ference committee reconciled differences between the two bills and issued its report (H. Rept. 98-1075) on September 25. The House and Senate agreed to the conference report on October 2 and 3. PL 98-480 makes generally minor changes to LSCA title I, Library Services, title II, Public Library Construction, and title III, Interlibrary Cooperation and Resource Sharing. The Act adds three new titles -- title IV, Library Services for Indian Tribes, title V, Foreign Language Materials Acquisition, and title VI, Library Literacy Programs. The amendments, new titles, and resolution of House-Senate differences on LSCA reauthorization are summarized below. Findings. Congress set the stage for its amendments by finding that: (1) the role of libraries has expanded to include (A) providing programs to meet the needs of special segments of the population, including librarian training and outreach programs, (B) providing literacy training for illiterate and functionally illiterate adults, and (C) sharing resources and materials among a wide variety of libraries; (2) it has become necessary to expand the role of libraries as information centers for their communities, utilizing improved and new technologies and resources to meet the increasing need for infor mation services and educational resources of Americans in a rapidly changing economy; (3) funding for construction of new libraries and renovation of existing libraries is essential to ensure continuation of library services for the public; (4) attention should be paid to the needs of small and rural community libraries and information centers because these facilities are often underfunded and understaffed and as a consequence cannot adequately serve the needs of the community; and (5) the scope and purpose of the Library Services and Construction Act should therefore be revised to include a more comprehensive range of programs which may receive funds thereunder and to ensure the extension of services to minorities and other populations that would otherwise be unable to use regular library facilities. Purpose. Added emphases include improving services to Indian tribes, and to older Americans, on renovation as well as construction, on promoting re source sharing, and on increasing the capacity of libraries to keep up with rapidly changing information technologies (as provided in S. 2490). - 2 - Authorization Levels (Amounts in millions). Title I Title II Title III Title V Title VI FY Hse Sen PL Hse Sen PL Hse Sen PL Hse Sen PL Hse Sen PL 84 $65 $50 $15 85 80 75 75 50 50 50 20 18 20 l 1 5 1 86 85 80 80 50 50 50 25 21 25 1 1 5 5 87 90 85 85 50 50 50 30 24 30 1 1 5 5 88 95 90 90 50 50 50 35 27 35 1 1 5 5 89 95 95 50 50 30 30 For title IV, 1.5 percent of amounts appropriated for titles I, II and III is available for Indian Tribes, including Alaskan natives; .5 percent of I, II and III funds is for Hawaiian natives. (HR 2878 had a 2 percent set- aside; s. 2490, a 1 percent setaside.) Advance funding is specifically authorized in PL 98-480, but Congress would have to appropriate two years worth of funding in one fiscal year for its initial implementation. Planning Priorities. Added are priorities for serving individuals with handicapping conditions, serving the elderly, projects designed to combat illiteracy, and making effective use of technology. Dropped in this section is a requirement to set forth criteria for determining adequacy of services, and a reference to areas with high concentrations of low income families, although the emphasis on improving access for the least served in both urban and rural areas is retained. Administrative Costs. Administrative costs may not exceed 6 percent or $60,000, whichever is greater. The only requirement in previous law was that such costs must be matched with nonfederal funds. (HR 2878 had a limitation of 5 percent or $50,000; S. 2490 made no change in this area.) Title I, Library Services. Assisting libraries to serve as community centers for information and referral is an added use of funds. Additional points are listed under state plans which are to include serving populations as well as areas without service or with inadequate service. Those dis advantaged in using regular library services by age or literacy level are to receive special effort as -well as those disadvantaged by distance, resi dence, or handicap. Plans are also to include assisting libraries to serve as community information referral centers, and assisting libraries in providing literacy programs for adults and school dropouts in cooperation with other agencies and organizations if appropriate. Some of the language from the previous title IV, Older Readers Services, has been moved to title I and made a requirement of state programs, which are to describe the uses of funds for programs for the elderly, which may include a list of seven specific services. (This follows S. 2490; HR 2878 said states must describe the extent to which funds would be used for the 7 specific services for the elderly.) Programs are also to describe the manner in which funds for programs for handicapped individuals will be used to make library services more accessible to such individuals (as provided in S. 2490). - 3 - The maintenance of effort required on state institutional library services and library services to the physically handicapped and institutionalized individuals may be ratably reduced if federal allocations are reduced. Title II, Public Library Construction. Purchase of existing historic buildings for conversion to public libraries is made specifically eligible. (The House had given priority in purchasing buildings to the acquisition of unused public school facilities. This provision was dropped, but conferees, in H. Rept. 98-1075, "recommend that priority be given, when economically feasible, to the acquisition and conversion of historic buildings and unused public school buildings for use as libraries.") There is a new level of matching required; the federal share of any project cannot exceed one-half the total cost. (S. 2490 had limited the federal share to one-third.) The rationale for this requirement, according to the conference report (H. Rept. 98-1075), "is that it will allow Federal funding to go further in financing construction projects and will hopefully encourage private sector involvement in raising construction funds for li braries." Federal equity in library facilities funded under title II ceases after 20 years. If, before that time, the funding recipient is no longer a public or nonprofit institution or the facility is no longer used as a library, a proportional share of the equity must be returned to the federal government unless the Secretary grants a waiver. Title III, Interlibrary Cooperation and Resource Sharing. "Resource Sharing" has been added to the name of this title. State programs are to be directed toward eventual compliance with a new statewide resource sharing plan. This long-range program may include: (1) criteria for participation in statewide resource sharing to ensure equitable participation by libraries of all types that agree to meet requirements for resource sharing; (2) an analysis of the needs for development and maintenance of bibliographic access, including data bases for monographs, serials, and audiovisual materials; (3) an analysis of the needs for development and maintenance of communications systems for information exchange among participating libraries; (4) an analysis of the needs for development and maintenance of delivery systems for exchanging library materials among participa ting libraries; (5) a projection of the computer and other technological needs for resource sharing; (6) an identification of means which will be required to provide users access to library resources, including collection development and maintenance in major public, academic, school, and private libraries serving as resource centers; (7) a proposal, where appropriate, for the development, establish ment, demonstration, and maintenance of intrastate multitype library systems; - 4 - (8) an analysis of the State's needs for development and maintenance of links with State and national resource sharing systems; and (9) a description of how the evaluations required by section 6(d) will be conducted. (HR 2878 said these 9 objectives must be included in the long-range program; the law follows S. 2490 and says they may be included.) Reimbursement of libraries participating in resource sharing activities for their expenses in loaning materials to public libraries is an eligible use of funds. Title IV, Library Services for Indian Tribes. (The current title IV, Older Readers Services, which was never funded, is incorporated in title I.) A "Findings" section states that since most Indian tribes receive little or no LSCA funding, are generally considered separate nations and seldom eligible for direct library allocations from states, and often have access to no libraries at all, the new title is "required specifically to promote special efforts to provide Indian tribes with library services." The purpose of the new title is "(l) to promote the extension of public library services to Indian people living on or near reservations; (2) to provide incentives for the establishment and expansion of tribal library programs; and (3) to improve the administration and implementation of library services for Indians by providing funds to establish and support ongoing library programs." Indian tribes, defined as any Indian tribe, band, nation, organized group or community, Alaskan Native village or regional or village corpora tion recognized by the U.S., would receive equal allotments from the Secre tary of Education if they had submitted approved applications. Funds allotted but not used because of nonapplication or nonqualification would be allocated by the Secretary of Education among Indian tribes which had submitted approved plans for special project grants. Special project grants would have to be administered by a librarian; the federal share of project costs could not exceed 80 percent. Funds received under either the basic allotment or a special project grant could be used for: (1) inservice or preservice training of Indians as library personnel; (2) purchase of library materials; (3) conduct of special library programs for Indians; (4) salaries of library personnel; (5) construction, purchase, renovation, or remodeling of library buildings and facilities; (6) transportation to enable Indians to have access to library services; (7) dissemination of information about library services; (8) assessment of tribal library needs; and (9) contracts to provide public library services to Indians living on or near reservations or to accomplish any of the activities described in clauses (1) through (8). - 5 - Any tribe that supports a public library system would be required to maintain effort from federal, state and local sources for public library services based on the second preceding fiscal year. "Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit restricted collections of tribal cultural materials with funds made available under this Act." The Secretary of Education is to consult with the Secretary of the Interior to coordinate title IV with any relevant programs in the Interior Department for Indians. The authorized level for FY 1985-89 is 1.5 percent of appropriations for titles I, II, and III; .5 percent of I, II, and III funds is for "grants to organizations primarily serving and representing Hawaiian Natives that are recognized by the Governor of the State of Hawaii." (HR 2878 had no pro vision for Fawaiian natives; S. 2490 included the Office of P.awaiian natives as an Indian tribe.) Title V, Foreign Language Materials Acquisition. This is a new title for discretionary grants of up to $15,000 for the acquisition of foreign language materials directly to state and local public libraries on a competitive basis. Title VI, Library Literacy Programs. This is a new title for discretionary grants of up to $25,000 for literacy programs directly to state and local public libraries on a competitive basis. Grants to state libraries are to be used for coordjnating and planning library literacy programs, and making arrangements for training librarians and volunteers to carry them out. Grants to local public libraries are to be used for promoting the use of voluntary services of individuals, agencies, and organizations, acquisition of materials, and using library facilities for literacy programs. House-Senate conferees recommended (in H. Rept. 98-1075) "that applicants for fundjng show that the proposed project is not in conflict with the State plan required under the Act, and demonstrate evidence of cooperation and coordination with other service providers as appropriate, including State adult education officials or their local representatives." American Library Association Washington Office 202/547-4440 December 1984 THE FEDERALBU]X;fil' ANDAPPROPRIATIONS PROCESS C PRELIMINARY FIRST BUIX;ITT APPROPRIATIOOS ' - SEX:ONDBUOOE:I' PHASE RESOIDTIONPHASE PHASE ' RESOIDTIOO PHASE Executive depart:Irents Authorizing cornnittees Congress enacts House and Senate adopt & agencies recaTTrend sul::mit views to oodget appropriations and second concurrent budget budget to CMB; CMB cornni ttees. · other sperrling bills. resolution setting recrnm=mds to Deadline: March 15 Timin9:: May 15 to "birrling" sperrling President. SeptE!llber 15 ceilings. Timin AIA Washington Office t. April 1985 ' CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET AND Il..fi?OUNDMENT CONTROL ACT OF 1974 The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-344) requires Congress to put a ceiling on spending and a floor under revenues in each fiscal year. It forces Congress to establish priorities and relate total spending to total revenue, instead of handling revenues and spending measures separately as in the past. The chart on the previous page shows the four phases of the congres sional budget and appropriations process. The process formally begins when the President sul:mits the budget to Congress in January. SUbsequently, the House and Senate budget corrmittees hold hearings on the first budget resolution in early April. In their deliberations, they consider the President's budget, the Congressional Budget Office's analysis, views and estimates of other committees, and infonnation from federal agencies, members of Congress, national organizations and the general public. The result, the first budget resolution, sets tax and spending targets, and a surplus or deficit level. This is supposed to be approved by Congress by May 15 of each year. The agreed upon target levels are intended to guide Congress as it passes spending (authorizations and appropriations) and revenue (tax) legislation. As the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1 nears, the budget committees assess current fiscal conditions and, in a second budget resolution, either affirm or re vise the target budget levels. Passage by Congress sets a firm budget ceiling. If revenue and spending measures already passed differ from the ceiling levels, the second budget resolution will direct the appropriate committees to reconcile these differences by amending the earlier measures. New legislation which exceeds the limits in the second budget resolution is subject to a point of order. However, deadlines are not always met, and Congress may resort to passing a continuing resolution which allows spending for federal programs even if an appropriation has not been enacted. GLOSSARY OF BUDGET TERMS Appropriations committee: The House and Senate each have an Appropriations Camnittee which recorrrnends to the Congress what will finally be the actual expenditure levels for federal programs. These committees are divided into subcommittees which consider funding for the various departments and agencies. Authorizing corranittee: Committees in the House and Senate, designated by issue or area of concern, recomnend legislation to the Congress which approves a projectf program or activity, outlining its purposes and procedures, assigning authority for its administration and, usually, fixing maximum amounts to be expended. Budget camnittee: Both the House and Senate have a permanent Budget Committee which develops broad congressional spending priorities upon which the authorizing and appropriations committees are to base their actions. Budget: The President sul:mits a proposed budget to Congress in mid-January covering all expenditures of the federal government for the fiscal year which begins the following October 1. The President's budget is, however, nothing more or less than recomnendations. Congress determines the specific amount of appropria tions, which must then be approved by the President. - 3 - Budget resolution: The official expression of general budget targets and ceilings agreed to jointly by the House and Senate at least twice a year. The first budget resolution is tentative, and intended to provide guidance to the ap propriations and authorizing corrroittees; the second budget resolution is in tended to be final and binding. Congressional Budget Office (CBO): Established by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, it manages the technical canplexities of the budget and serves as staff for the House and Senate budget committees. Continuing resolution: When a fiscal year comes to an end before Congress has com pleted all of the appropriations bills, Congress then passes a joint resolution "continuing appropriations" to keep the government operating, usually at the existing level of furrling. Function: For working purposes, the congressional budget is divided into 19 functional categories. Education shares "Function 500" with labor and social services. Hearing: If a bill is of sufficient importance, or is controversial or canplex, the conmittee to which it was referred may hold public hearings at which it will receive oral and written testimony from specialists, government officials, members of Congress and the public. oversight hearings assist each standing committee in Congress to exercise its "watchdog" role over administrative agencies and their programs within the corrmittee's jurisdiction. Irnpoundment: Refers to the withholding of budget authority from obligation, through deferral or rescission. On the federal level, impoundment amounts to a refusal by the President to make use of money appropriated by the Congress. Office of Management and Budget (0MB): Part of the Executive Office of the President, 0MB develops the President's budget which is sul:mitted to Congress. Reconciliation: If authorizing or appropriations comnittees have exceeded their fiscal targets in relation to either the first or second budget resolutions, the budget corrmittee may instruct the comnittees to make cuts by means of a reconciliation bill which then Congress should adopt by September 25. Rescission: Legislation enacted by Congress at the request of the President to cancel some previously granted part of an appropriation. These definitions are based on the National Advisory Council on Adult Education publication, Terms, Definitions, Organizations and Councils Associated with Adult Learning. Federal Budget Process PRESIDENT President's Budget BUDGET 1st Budget CONGRESS COMMITTEES Resolution 1st Budget Resolution. Sets target budget levels. REVENUE APPROPRIATIONS Authorizing AUTHORIZATION COMMITTEES COMMITTEES Legislation COMMITTEES Spending legislation not Spending subject to review by Legislation Appropriations Committees. I (e.g., programs financed from the Highway l Trust Fund) r------, I BUDGET 2nu Budget CONGRESS I CONGRESS COMMITTEES Resolution I I L ______I _____ J 2nd Budget Resolution. Sets final budget levels. I I NEED CONFORMING I CHANGES IN LEGISLATION? I I No APPROPRIATIONS, REVENUE I AND OTHER COMMITTEES I Reconciliation Reconciliation Measure measure. I Amends ______...... ______, revenuespending and I legislation. ____ J CONGRESS BEGIN ITIES: Educational Reform in a Learning Society A statement by the American Library Association Task Force on Excellence in Education The Four Realities The way in which our American public schools are educating young people for a life of social and technological change is the focus of reports, recom mendations, debate, political discussion, and public concern. In 1983, the National Commission on Excellence in Education reported its assessment and recommendations in the publication A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. The 1984 political campaigns show that this The Learning Society concern is shared by people in every state and territory. Much public attention is focused on recommendations for changes in •• In a world of ever-accelerating competition and change in the elementary and secondary schools. Yet, as A Nation at Risk clearly states, conditions of the workplace, of ever-greater danger, and of ever-larger proposals for educational reform must recognize the need for lifelong opportunities for those prepared to meet them, educational reform learning. Libraries are an essential part oflife-long learning. The auto should focus on the goal of creating a Learning Society. At the heart of biographies and reminiscences of public leaders and other achievers such a society is the commitment to a set of values and to a system of document the ways in which libraries have influenced their lives. All people education that affords all members the opportunity to stretch their in a learning society deserve access to good library service. minds to full capacity, from early childhood through adulthood, The vitality of libraries as educational agencies depends on wise actions by learning more as the world itself changes. Such a society has as public decision makers and others who provide resources to educational a basic foundation the idea that education is important not only institutions. The American Library Association identifies four realities for because of what it contributes to one's career goals but also because effective educational reform within a learning society. The four realities are: of the value it adds to the general quality of one's life. Also at the heart of the Learning Society are educational opportunities extending far 1. Learning begins before schooling. beyond the traditional institutions of learning, our schools and colleges. They extend into homes and workplaces; into libraries, art 2. Good schools require good school libraries. galleries, museums, and science centers; indeed, into every place where the individual can develop and mature in work and life. In our 3. People in a learning society need libraries throughout their lives. view, formal schooling in youth is the essential foundation for learning throughout one's life. But without life-long learning, one's 4. Public support of libraries is an investment in people and skills will become rapidly dated. '' communities. -- A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. A Report to the Nation and the Secretary of Education, United States Department of Education by The National Commission on Excellence in Education. 1983. preschool, and other community agencies) is important for the prevention of deficiencies in school and beyond. Libraries contribute to preschool learning in two ways: through the services, programs, and materials that help parents increase their skills and capabilities, and through programs that serve children directly. Library service to parents and day care staff supports preschool learning in a variety of ways. Libraries provide books for adults to read aloud to children. Groups of children in child care and day care centers and in public libraries listen to stories and act them out. Children borrow books and records from libraries. Toddler programs that bring very small children and their parents to the library together provide a basis for later, more inde pendent use of libraries by children as they grow older. All these experiences for young children require action by motivated, enthusiastic adults-adults who will instill a love of reading. Parents, volun teers, and day care center staff learn from librarians how to select and use materials with children. Librarians have the skills, experience, and desire to conduct workshops for parents, older children, babysitters, early childhood specialists, teachers, and volunteers. The library has information to help parents face problems which they face daily. In some communities, multi language collections for parents and preschoolers are essential. Through libraries, parents can learn how to use television and newer technology, Reality #1: such as computers, to nurture children's creativity and confidence. Learning Begins Before Schooling Librarians also help create community coalitions of school personnel, public librarians, members of parent-teacher groups, and others concerned with preschool learning. Public library staff who provide information and referral services help parents develop effective partnerships with schools, pre The extent to which parents introduce their chilaren to books, culture, and schools, day care centers, and other early childhood agencies. learning affects children throughout life. A Nation at Risk points out to Unfortunately, limited funds in many of our public libraries have caused parents: cutbacks in children's services. Day-to-day realities of operating and As surely as you are your child's first and most influential teacher, staffing public libraries result in the lack of a full-time children's librarian in your child's ideas about education and its significance begin with many libraries and branches. Because of limited library staff, parents and you. You must be a living example of what you expect your children to preschool children may wait months before being able to participate in a honor and emulate. Moreover, you bear a responsibility to participate storyhour program. actively in your child's education. You should . .. nurture your child's curiosity, creativity and confidence . ... Above all, exhibit a commit To ensure that children and their parents have library services for effective ment to continued learning in your own life. preschool learning, public officials should: Research shows that children who have been exposed to reading and other • Appropriate funds for parent education and early childhood cultural experiences before they begin school have a better chance of services in public libraries, particularly those which demonstrate success in formal learning than those who do not have this experience. outreach and which promote cooperation with other educational Among the most important of the preschool experiences are the develop and community agencies. ment of skills in listening, speaking, and looking that prepare for reading and • Establish state and federal regulations for preschool day care form the basis for the enjoyment of learning. In our society, most parents services which mandate book and library resources as part of the work outside the home, so all members of the family and extended basic program requirements. family (including grandparents and brothers and sisters) can play important educational roles. Family members set the stage for reading and other learning and provide models of behavior. This family influence in develop ing attitudes toward learning (often extended by collaboration with day care, A Nation at Risk points out the limitations of textbooks. Well-stocked school libraries offer a diversity of books and other materials for students of all abilities, including the most gifted. Librarians have an essential educational role in helping teachers and students choose materials for class work and independent study. Today's libraries are adding access to computer databases to their informa tion resources. School librarians should be involved in the development of these databases to assure that they will be appropriate for the maturity, interests, and ability levels of students. These new resources should be available to students in elementary schools as well as in high schools. A Nation at Risk says that the elementary years "should foster an enthu siasm for learning and the development of the individual's gifts and talents." This describes what occurs when elementary school children develop early and lasting pleasures in using libraries. In Indiana, a study showed that reading skills, verbal expression, and library skills were significantly greater in an elementary school after library services were increased. Disadvan taged children in Boston increased their skills in verbal expression of ideas and their language ability after twelve weekly one-hour library programs with books and storytelling. Reality#2: Access to a library for quick fact-finding and sustained work on a project Good Schools Require should be among the rights of every child and young person. The student who encounters a librarian who is directly involved in teaching has access to Good School Libraries a much wider world than that of a single classroom. The librarian, at successive grade levels, introduces literature and teaches research study skills. From the librarian a student learns how to locate, interpret, and present information. The librarian teaches classes as part of the instruc Good schools enable students to acquire and use knowledge, to experi tional program, supplements classroom study with appropriate presenta ence and enjoy discovery and learning, to understand themselves and tions on research, gives book talks, and instructs in computer use. When other people, to develop lifelong learning skills, and to function productively the school librarian helps design curriculum, both teachers and students in a democratic society. Libraries are essential to each of these tasks. In benefit. In every school, therefore, librarians should be included as libraries, students learn how to locate, organize, and use information that members of curriculum design and review committees. They should also be will expand their horizons and raise their self expectations. Librarians are involved as planners, providers, and participants in inservice training teachers, and they serve both students and teachers. programs for teachers. As students develop library skills in finding information, they seek more Too many of the 105,000 schools in the United States have inadequate information, compare and evaluate sources and opinions, and develop school libraries because they lack the staff, materials, space, and services critical thinking. These skills, which should be part of every school's required by students and their teachers. Even many of the schools that have curriculum, can be learned in school libraries. library materials provide few library services because they lack professional librarians. Almost three million pupils (seven percent of the total) attend School libraries serve as learner-oriented laboratories which support, tf ' public schools without a school library. In 1982, our country had only one extend, and individualize the school's curriculum. A California research school librarian for every 954 students. This is the equivalent of an average study demonstrated that students with library experience achieved higher of only twenty seconds a day for each student. level language skills than those without this experience. In Virginia, a study proved that students who combined independent study with extensive The lack of librarians is especially severe in elementary schools. For library use under a librarian's supervision attained higher verbal scholastic example, in Los Angeles, our country's second largest city, in only twenty of aptitude test scores than students who used libraries only incidentally. the city's 450 elementary schools is there a full-time librarian. Furthermore, in the last decade, the number of school library supervisory and consulting staff at state and district levels has declined sharply. In A Nation at Risk, the National Commission on Excellence in Education recommends higher educational standards and expectations, increased time for learning, and increased attention to English, mathematics, science, social studies, computer science, and foreign languages. To achieve these requirements, school libraries must be stronger. Librarians, who are less bound by curriculum sequences than classroom teachers, can improve performance of students in every grade, in every subject, and at every level of ability. To ensure that every child has access to the quality of school library service needed in a learning society, public officials should: • Require that library research and information skills be taught as a new basic-providing instruction within the library program and in all subject areas at each level of elementary and secondary school. • Establish more specific state standards for school libraries. l • Require school superintendents, boards, parents, teachers, and other interested people in every community to prepare a plan for J developing school library resources, for using these resources effectively, and for coordinating services with public libraries in the communitv. • Supply sufficient funds for school library programs so there are staff to coordinate the teaching of research and study skills in cooperation with teachers of English, social studies, science, mathematics, and other subjects. Reality#3: • Provide funds for sufficient library books, audiovisual materials, magazines, computer software, and other materials to support People in a Learning Society Need teaching and learning and to permit participation by school libraries in library networks for sharing of resources. Libraries throughout Their Lives • Earmark state educational funds for school library resources and program development. • Ensure that each state education department has skilled school A learning society is committed to ongoing educational growth for everyone library media supervisory staff to provide needed statewide profes and provides each individual with a choice among formal and informal sional leadership. providers of education. Science has lengthened our life spans, but we need • Require colleges and universities to provide future teachers with a learning society to allow each of us to benefit fully from the biological gain training in using libraries and library materials. of years. Each person requires the challenge of new ideas and new • Require that education programs for school administrators and concepts in order to grow and develop throughout adulthood. other education specialists include training in the administration and supervision of school libraries. r Our society is characterized by a ceaseless search for solutions to the critical problems that threaten our survival in this age of continuing change. • Target federal education funds to specific school library resource l Our learning society is also an information-based society. Each person development programs, including those that use the new tech needs the means to cope with the magnitude of data currently being nologies and those that demonstrate exemplary services. generated. Learning can take place in many settings. For millions of Americans, libraries are centers of learning. College and university libraries help learners of many ages who are enrolled in formal education. Educationally disadvantaged college students require remediation and library instruction so they can make the best use of library resources to develop their study skills. Corporate, government, and union libraries help people continue learning in a work-place setting. The public library is a learning center for all. Through access to the ideas of the past and present, we gain the perspec To enable libraries to respond to these needs, public officials should: tive essential for innovation. Inherent in the creation of all new knowledge, • Fund public libraries so they can be easily accessible to all people and its application, is the existence of a mechanism to collect, sift, organize, and have the materials, staff, and buildings needed by people of and distribute the products of a learning society. The mechanism that best all ages and all levels of schooling, whatever their interests or responds to this need is the library. The library, therefore, must be free from disabilities may be. restrictions which interfere with access to information. • Ensure that public library services are available without charge and New technology offers new formats for information and new ways of deliver without violation of the reader's right to privacy. ing information. Individuals must be technologically literate to participate • Expand support for literacy training programs for adults. fully in a learning society. A Nation at Risk states that twenty-three million • Appropriate state and federal aid (which is often extended by American adults are functionally illiterate. For millions of Americans who private sector grants) to provide microcomputers in every public, have been left out or pushed out of formal education, the public library offers academic, and school library as part of integrated, comprehensive an optional, informal route to advancement. The library provides materials programs of technologically sound library service. . and programs that deal with both practical and cultural concerns, ranging • Expand support for libraries and library services in hospitals, from health information to modern philosophy. Literacy programs, materials nursing homes, correctional facilities, and other institutions. for persons who are blind or disabled, and services for persons with limited • Target funds for the preservation and conservation of research proficiency in English help people of all ages. Library programs in correc resources needed by present and future generations. tional facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, and other institutions help residents understand themselves and gain a view of the outside world. • Expect teachers to help their students become better library users. Library programs also can contribute to the future productivity of those Demand that every academic and school library has bibliographic, persons who return to the larger society. library use, and study skills instruction as an integral part of the institution's curriculum. The extent and quality of library resources and services vary greatly from community to community. In Colorado Springs, the public library extends services directly into more than a thousand homes equipped with micro computers. In other communities the public library lacks a telephone. Some libraries offer services in modern, well-equipped new buildings. Others are housed in crowded, deteriorating buildings designed and built for an earlier age. Cooperation between libraries and literacy volunteers provides service for thousands of new readers, but demand exceeds capacity and many wait months to participate. Some libraries offer valuable assistance to users in developing research and study skills, while in other libraries service is minimal. New technologies offer opportunities for solving such problems as the disintegration of books, documents, and films, and for sharing of informa tion resources through computers. Libraries can cooperate to share resources if there is wise planning at local, state, and regional levels. This planning and cooperation depends upon the continuous collection and compilation of library statistics and other information by agencies of the states and the federal government. Sharing of library resources now is limited by inadequate staff, materials, and investments in technology. Constraints on sharing of services and of preserving valuable materials handicap us all. To ensure that libraries serve us all effectively, public officials should: • Appropriate funds for library services targeted toward individual and community needs for job information, literacy, and develop Reality#4: ment as well as toward more general needs of library users. • Demand excellence in their academic, institution, public, school, Public Support of Libraries and special libraries. • Supply each state library agency with the funds and staff needed to Is an Investment in People work with public officials and libraries of all types in planning services and sharing resources. and Communities • Mandate that state and federal government documents and the products of government-sponsored research are available to all through library networks. • Institute a library rate for telecommunications. A democratic society depends upon the informed participation of its people. State and federal governments must ensure the right of all citizens to get • Convene state and national conferences of library users, librarians, information and resources for continued learning. Library services are library policy makers, and public officials to assess the capacity of important to the economy, the quality of life, the educational and intellectual our libraries to serve the learning society, to measure the change which has taken place since the 1979 White House Conference on activities, and the governments of our communities, our states, and Library and Information Services, to encourage sound, long range, our nation. community-based planning for library services, and to initiate It is no coincidence that we are both a high technological society and a local, state and federal action to improve library services. learning society. Information fuels economic development. Research and development depend upon access to information in many formats and locations. Few corporations can be self-sufficient in generating the informa tion they need for development, but through their library staffs they can join in networks with other cooperating libraries and become both recipients and sharers of information. Libraries also provide men and women with the education and information they need to attain and hold jobs. Throughout their lives they can use library materials to improve and update their employment skills. Library services also are important for sound government and the quality of community life. The library is objective in providing and stimulating a variety of opinions. It offers facts which stimulate ideas and ideas which encourage the public to discover new facts. In many communities the public library is the single cultural institution available to all people, irrespective of age, social condition, or educational attainment. University, school, and public libraries are essential parts of our society's infrastructure. They support the work of scientists, professionals, and others engaged in research important for us all. The scholars who write texts for students need library resources to develop the ideas they wish to communicate. The atmosphere of open discussion which permeates many libraries provides people with space, opportunity, and time to present and test their ideas before the community. Libraries share resources through the use of such new technologies as computerized databases and telecommunications. Escalating costs of tele communications, however, are threatening the abilities of libraries to offer these benefits. Lower rates for library telecommunications are needed, following the pattern of United States library postal rates. Prepared by the American Library Association Task Force on Excellence in Education. Actions Joseph F. Shubert, Chair New York State Library Rebecca T. Bingham Jefferson County, Kentucky, Public Schools The stake that we Americans have in our libraries matches today's public Elizabeth B. Day concern about education. A Nation at Risk and other reports have focused Santa Barbara, California, Public Schools the nation's attention upon the imperative for educational reform. The four William DeJohn realities we have outlined make the following actions essential: MIN/TEX (Minnesota Interlibrary Telecommunications Exchange) State aid for public libraries must be increased so that library 1 • services are available to all people in the learning society. Richard M. Dougherty University of Michigan Libraries State support for resource sharing must be increased, and addi- Virginia H. Mathews 2 • tional aid must be provided to school and academic libraries Library Professional Publications, Connecticut to enable them to meet basic service needs and participate Donald Sager effectively in resource sharing. Milwaukee Public Library 3 Federal funds for library services must be increased through new Peggy Sullivan • initiatives in aid for elementary and secondary school libraries Northern Illinois University and through appropriations for the federal Library Services and Eileen D. Cooke Construction Act and the several library programs in the Higher ALA staff liaison, ALA Washington Office Education Act. Federal responsibilities for library statistical data and planning 4 • information must be assumed by the National Center for Educa tion Statistics in cooperation with the state Iibrary agencies, state departments of education, and national organizations. The American Library Association is the oldest and largest 5 Local, state, and federal agencies developing human services and library association in the world. Its nearly 40,000 members • education programs-such as those concerned with the aging, represent all types of libraries-state, public, school and public television, literacy improvement, day care centers, and the academic, and special libraries serving persons in govern arts and humanities-should strengthen their programs by ment, commerce, armed services, hospitals, prisons, and including librarians and libraries in their planning and program other institutions. The association is the chief advocate for the development. people of the United States to achieve and maintain high Librarians, library boards, friends of libraries, parents, and quality library and information services-by protecting the 6 • educators should consider the recommendations which resulted right to read, educating librarians, improving library services, from the Libraries and the Learning Society seminars sponsored and making information accessible to everyone. by the U.S. Department of Education, and they should implement those which are needed to reshape and improve library services. In August, 1983, Brooke E. Sheldon, president of the Public response to A Nation at Risk indicates a nationwide concern and American Library Association, appointed a task force to readiness for action to improve education. Within the last year more than examine A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational half the state legislatures have increased state aid for schools, and over half Reform in relation to ALA's goals and objectives and to develop creative strategies for the involvement of ALA and have raised high school graduation requirements. States and communities lJOlJ:,"Cl)~ America's libraries in the reform of education. 0 The American Library Association SU:"-1MARY OF AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION APPROPRIATION RECCM'1ENDATIONS FY 1986 Lalx>r-HI-IS-F.d.ucation Appropriations Library Programs: U.S. Department of Education FY 1985 FY 1986 FY 1986 FY 1986 Appro- Authori- Reagan AI.A Recan- eriation zation Request mendation* Library Services and Construction Act Title I, Public Library Services $ 75,000,000 $80,000,000 -o- $78,500,000 II, Public Library Construction 25,000,000 50,000,000 -o- 26,200,000 III, Interlibrary Cooperation 18,000,000 25,000,000 -0- 18,800,000 ~LSCA $ ll8,000,000 $155,000,000 -o- $123,500,000 Higher Education Act Title II-A, College Library unfunded Resources -o- 35,000,000 -o- pending need II-B, Lib. Training, criteria Research and Developnent 1,000,000 35,000,000 -o- 1,100,000 II-C, Research Libraries 6,000,000 15,000,000 -o- 6,300,000 TOrAL HEA $ 7,000,000 $ 85,000,000 -o- $ 7,400,000 Education Consolidation & I.TTtprovement Act Chapter 2 El. & Sec. Educ. State Block Grant** $ 531,909,000 such S\.llI\S $531,909,000 $563,900,000 ** Forward funded. consolidation of 28 programs including the former ESFA IV-B School Library Resources and Instructional Equipnent program. Other Programs Nat' 1. Conmission on Libs. & Info. Sci. $ 720,000 $ 750,000 -o- $ 750,000 Nat'l. Ctr. for Educ. Statistics (incl. library surveys) 8,747,000 12,000,000 $ 8,747,000 9,200,000 Nat' 1. Library of Medicine (incl. Medical Library Assistance Act) 55,910,000 such sums 53,320,000 59,000,000 * AI.A reconmendations based on levels Congressional Budget Office has determined ~uld be needed to maintain current level of services. ANOTHER ZERO BUDGET FOR LIBRARIES FY 1983 FY 1984 FY 1985 FY 1 86 (Amounts in millions) Admin. Congr. Admin. Congr. Admin. Congr. Admin. Budget A12pro12. Budget A_e,ero,e. Budget A_e12ro12. Budget Library Services & Construction Act Title I public library services -0- $60 -0- $65 -0- $75 -0- II pub. lib. construction -0- 50 -0- -0- -o- 25 -0- III interlibrary cooperation -0- 11.5 -0- 15 -0- 18 -0- Higher Education Act title II Title II-A college libraries -0- 1.9 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- II-B training & research -o- .9 -0- .9 -0- 1 -0- II-C research libraries -0- 6 -0- 6 -0- 6 -o- Another Zero Budget. Despite President Reagan's Library Services & Construction Act. Without approval shortly before the November elections of LSCA, progress in reaching that part of the popu a 5-year extension of LSCA, his FY 1986 budget lation without library services or with inade would once again, for the fourth year in a row, quate service would be halted. Those for whom eliminate LSCA and the Higher Education Act provision of service requires extra effort or title II library grant programs. special materials would suffer -- the disadvan taged and homebound, the handicapped, those with Congressional Support. Federal library programs limited English-speaking ability, the elderly, have enjoyed widespread bipartisan support in and the institutionalized. Interlibrary coopera Congress as shown from the funding levels above. tion across city, county and state lines would in The Senate recommended increases in FY '85 LSCA many cases disappear. funding levels before they were authorized. The House vote on LSCA extension Jan. 31, 1984 Higher Education Act Title II. II-A college was 357-39. library resource grants are currently unfunded pending development of need criteria during HEA Federal Role. Libraries are the original self reauthorization in 1985. II-B emphasizes fellow help institutions which have enabled generations ships to minorities, a pressing need. II-C is of immigrants, refugees, and disadvantaged to needed to help hard-pressed research libraries become literate and go on to make major contri keep up with demands for new materials and butions to society. Restoring excellence to preservation of older materials. education calls for an alliance among school, family and library, according to Ed. Secy. Bell Other Pr ograms. Other programs proposed for in ED's Alliance for Excellence; Librarians cancellation would affect libraries, including Respond to 'A Nation at Risk'. The federal role the National Commission on Libraries and Informa is modest but is needed as a stimulus to extend tion Science, revenue sharing and postal subsi service to all the population and to utilize dies. The ECIA Chapter 2 school block grant, modern technology in doing so. recommended for level funding, helps school libraries although the effect is uneven; some school libraries have received no funds under this program. American Library Association, Washington Office, 202/547-4440 February 1985 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON NATIONAL LIBRARY WEEK April 14 - 20, 1985 It gives me great pleasure to salute the American Library Association on the occasion of National Library Week, April 14 - 20. I am reminded of the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Tis the good reader that makes the good book." If we are to be "A Nation of Readers," we must help our children discover the treasures in the libraries of our schools and cities. Throughout life we must refresh ourselves at the fountains of knowledge in academic and special libraries. Although electronic technology has vastly expanded the universe of information, access to this information continues to be assured by the patient assistance of our nation's librarians. I welcome this opportunity to congratulate and to commend to all Americans the professional librarians and the many able community volunteers who stand ready to assist us who seek knowledge or pleasure in books. On this 28th annual observance of National Library Week, I salute the. millions of Americans who use the library's network of information sources. The library's open door beckons all to enter. I invite all Americans to join "A Nation of Readers." POSTAL SUBSIDIES ENDANGERED BY SENATE BUDGET PLAN AND ADMINISTRATION BUDGET Senate Budget Committee Plan. The budget resolution with reconciliation instructions (S.Con.Res. 32, S. Rept. 99-15) approved by the Senate Budget Committee March 14 adopts President Reagan's budget proposals for postal subsidies--no provision at all for postal revenue forgone appropriations, and unspecified legislation at a later date. Administration's Postal Budget. The Administration's FY '86 budget proposes that Congress appropriate no money at all for postal subsidies for free mail for the blind and visually handicapped and for preferred 2nd, 3rd and 4th class postal rates. Legislation, not yet fully developed by the Office of Management and Budget, will be proposed to retain some subsidies (presumably for the blind and nonprofits) by raising first class and other nonsubsidized rates to make up the difference. Who Benefits from Subsidized Rates? Local newspapers, the blind and visually handicapped, libraries, schools and colleges, and religious, charitable, and other nonprofit organizations. Also, in many cases, those who mail items to such entities, thus reducing the postal costs passed through to eligible organizations. Why Postal Subsidies? Some postal subsidies date back to the earliest days of the Republic. The purpose is to promote the dissemination of information throughout the nation. The current postal statute says the statutory criteria for setting postal rates and fees shall include special recognition of the "educational, cultural, scientific, and informational value to the recipient of mail matter" (39 USC 3622(b)(8)). Amount of Subsidy. The U.S. Postal Service estimates $981 million is needed in FY '86 appropriations to keep subsidized rates at current levels. Result of No Appropriations. If the revenue USPS forgoes because some rates are set lower than full costs is not provided by congressional appro priations, or is provided at less than the full amount needed, rates can be raised immediately to make up the difference. This could happen on October l, 1985 when FY '86 begins. Effect on Beneficiaries. For the blind and visually handicapped, who under certain circumstances are entitled to free mail, a 4-oz. "talking book" cassette recording would go from no postage to 73¢. A 2-lb. 4th class library rate book package would go from 54¢ to 94¢, a 74 percent increase. A 3rd class nonprofit fundraising letter would go up 144 percent; a 2nd class weekly 12-oz. classroom publication, 155 percent; and a 2nd class weekly 4-oz. rural newspaper mailed within its home county, 173 percent. Special Problems for Libraries. If this proposal is enacted, the library rate would have increased a mind-boggling 1,243 percent over the 7¢ for 2 lbs. in 1970 when the Postal Reform Act was enacted. Every extra dollar libraries spend on postage is a dollar less for purchase of library re sources. The average hardcover book costs $29.81 and the average periodical subscription $61.07. Neither libraries on fixed annual or 2-year budgets, or their users, especially the elderly, the handicapped, and those in rural or isolated locations who depend on library books-by-mail services, can absorb such hefty postal increases. - 2 - Problems with Legislative Proposal. The Administration's legislative proposal proposes retaining some "deserving" subsidies, apparently for the blind and certain nonprofits, by requiring USPS to raise first class and other rates so that "ratepayers" bear the subsidy rather than "taxpayers," as if we were not all ratepayers as well as taxpayers. Among the many problems with this proposal: 1) It's bad policy. Free mail for the blind, for instance, should be subsidized by general tax revenues, not by those who choose to, or must, use the postal service. Cross-subsidization between postal rates is currently illegal, and for good reason. 2) Subsidized groups use nonsubsidized rates as well, and would be hurt by this proposal. Also, within the library rate, for instance, publishers can mail to libraries at this rate. If they were made ineligible as for-profitentities, libraries would suffer, not publishers, because the cost is passed through to the recipient. 3) Raising unsubsidized rates significantly to cover subsidies would alienate, both in principle and through higher costs, many mailing groups. Those who could would seek other delivery alternatives, driving rates still higher and leaving those with no alternatives, such as rural residents and rural libraries, to bear a greater cost burden. 4) Radical and controversial changes in postal laws would be required. It is not at all clear that even . through a reconciliat.ion process Congress would agree to such a proposal. In addition, the rate changes to implement such law changes would not likely be in place by October 1, 1985. Revenue forgone appropriations are needed in the amount of $981 million in FY '86. Congressional Committees with Jurisdiction. The authorizing committees, which have oversight responsibilities and would act on any changes in postal laws, are the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, and specifically its Civil Service, Post Office, and General Services Subcommittee; and the House Post Office and Civil Service Committee, and specifically two subcommit tees--Postal Operations and Services, and Postal Personnel and Moderniza tion. House and Senate Appropriations Committees control actual funding, specif ically the House and Senate Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriations Subcommittees. Reconciliation Process. The reconciliation instructions contained in S.Con.Res. 32 would direct the authorizing committees to recommend changes in laws to achieve the specified level of savings, and report them back to the Budget Committee by a certain date. The Budget Committee would package all the committee recommendations into a single omnibus reconciliation bill. American Library Association Washington Office 202/547-4440 March 28, 1985 STATUS OF MAJOR LIBRARY-RELATED LEGISLATION ACTIVE THIS MONTH (to supplement material in folders) As of April 11, 1985 Senate House CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET & RECONCILIATION S.Con.Res.32 Budget Com. Congr. budget resolution & reconciliation as revised at preparing instructions approved by Sen. Budget Com. & W.Hse.,to be to mark up revised in negotiations with White House on Sen. floor would cause major damage to library programs week of 4/22 & postal subsidies, as follows: Library Programs: Committee version assumed library programs eliminated; FY 85 level lib. funding put back in assumptions thanks to insistence of moderate Repubs. in negotiations with White House. However, it's a paper shuffle at expense of higher ed. programs. If revised package passed, reconciliation instructions would still require Labor & Human Resources Com. to cut hundreds of millions from some mix of ed. & lib. programs by changing authorizing legis lation. NEEDED: Opposition to S.Con.Res.32 unless amended to include Chiles mark (essentially a freeze) for ed. & libs. as had been adopted at one point in Sen. Budget. Committee markup. Postal Subsidies: Committee followed Admin. budget & did not include $981 million needed for revenue forgone appropriation; no change in White House negotiations. Result would be jump to full commercial rates for all subsi dized rates, including 4th class library rate & free mail for blind & physically handicapped. Committee also assumes passage of Admin. legis. to retain subsidies for blind & nonprofits by raising 1st class & other nonsubsidized rates to make up the difference--a very questionable proposal calling for currently illegal cross subsidization among rates. NEEDED: Restoration of full revenue forgone appropriation for FY 86. Revenue Sharing: Committee assumed $4.5 billion would be provided half in FY 86 & half in 87, then eliminated. In White House negotiations this was changed to full $4.5 billion in FY 86, then elimination. ,, - 2 - LABOR-HHS-EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1986 ED Secy Hearings Administration budget would eliminate Library Bennett underway Services & Construction Act, Higher Ed. Act testifies title II library programs, & National Commis 4 /16, 9: 3 0 am sion on Libraries & Information Science. Rm. 116 DSOB NATIONAL SCHOOL LIBRARY MONTH Sen. Moynihan (D-NY) & Rep. Snowe (R-ME) have S.J.Res.52 H.J.Res.154 sponsored resolutions calling for pres. proc Judiciary lamation declaring April 85 as Natl. School Committee Library Month. 27 cosponsors in Senate; 71 ordered in House. More House cosponsors needed. reported 4/3 LSCA TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS Postsecondary Educ. Subcom. Chair Bill Ford, no bill HR 1997 with Reps. Hawkins, Skelton, Coleman, Owens introduced & Biaggi, introduced bill clarifying 4/4 several ambiguous provisions in new LSCA law. HIGHER EDUCATION ACT REAUTHORIZATION No legis. yet, but process beginning this Field Subcom. year, with final passage not till next hearings requested year. ALA recommending reauth. of REA II-A held organization with need criteria (grants of $2-10,000 to recommendations college libs. below average in materials by 4/30 expenditures/FTE student & volumes held/ FTE student compared with like institu tions), II-B lib. training & R&D, II-C grants to major research libs., II-D for college lib. tech. & coop. grants as proposed l ast year by Reps. Ford & Coleman, & aid for acq. foreign periodi cals in HEA VI international education. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS LC has requested $253,129,000, incl. use Hearings Hearings of $10 million in receipts. Of 5.7% underway concluded increase, 72% is needed to maintain current services. LC needs funds to pay for Indian materials; excess currencies no longer available in India. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR HUMANITIES Admin. budget is $126 million, a 9% cut. Hearings Hearings Humanities Projects in Libs. would be underway underway cut 57% from $2.8 to $1.2 million. Challenge grants would drop from $19.6 to $16.5 million. However, $5 million is requested for new Office of Preservation. NATIONAL ARCHIVES, NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS & RECORDS COMMISSION Admin. request for newly independent NARA Hearings Hearings is $99,363,000, ·up only marginally. NHPRC underway underway grants, $4 million last year, would again be eliminated. American Library Association Washington Office, 202/547-4440 LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT (LSCA) PL 84-597, as amended by PL 88-269, 89-511, 90-154, 91-600, 93-29, 93-113, 93-380, 95-123, 97-35 (the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981), and 98-480. _?~_rpose: The purpose of LSCA is to assist the states in the extension and improvement of public library services to geographic areas or groups of persons in the state for whom current services are inadequate; exter.sion of library services to persons in rural and urban settings, the institu tionalized, the physically handicapped, those with limited English-speaking proficiency, and the aged; assisting libraries to serve as corrmunity information and referral centers; strengthen State library administrative agencies; support and expand services of major urban resource libraries; strengthen metropolitan libraries that serve as national or regional resource centers; assist in construction, remodeling, and renovation of public libraries; assist in the purchase of existing historic buildings for conversion to public libraries; development of cooperative library networks among all types of libraries; improvement of library services to Indian tribes; and development of library literacy programs. Authorization: PL 98-480, signed into law by President Reagan October 17, 1984, extends LSCA through fiscal year 1989. General Provisions: For all titles, a basic allotment is made to each state with any funds remaining distributed proportionately to the states, each state's share based on its population in relation to the total U.S. population. A requirement for Titles I and II stipulates that the federal contribution must be matched on the basis of a ratio of the state's per capita income to the average per capita income of the U.S. To participate in any LSCA program, each state must have a state plan approved by the Secretary of Education, plus a comprehensive 5-year plan on state priori ties, procedures and activities for meeting the library and information needs of the people. All library users and potential library users of the country's 15,000 public libraries benefit from the improved, expanded, and new programs resulting from LSCA support. The most recent evaluation study for the Department of Education estimated that 94 percent of all public libraries have received at least one direct benefit from LSCA I. TITLE I - SERVICES In order to participate in Title I, each state, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia must meet minimum qualifications for basic federal allotments of $200,000; American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, each for at least $40,000. Maintenance of state and local effort is required. - 2 - Description of Program: Grants are awarded to assist the states to: (1) Develop and improve library service to areas and populations which are disadvantaged because of: (a) distance, (b) institutionalization, (c) physical handicap, (d) limited English-speaking proficiency, (e) residence, (f) income, (g) age, (h) literacy level. (2) Assist libraries to serve as community information referral centers; (3) Provide literacy programs for adults and school drop-outs in cooperation with other agencies and organizations, if appropriate; (4) Strengthen the capacity of the state library agency to meet the library and information needs of all the people; (5) Strengthen metropolitan libraries that serve as national or regional resource centers. (6) Support major urban resource libraries in cities of over 100,000 which provide services throughout a regional area. Urban Libraries: When appropriations for LSCA I exceed $60 million, as they did in FY 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, and 1985, a portion of the addi tional amount is earmarked for libraries in cities over 100,000 in popula tion. Use of Title I Funds: Title I funds may be used for books and other library materials, equipment, salaries, other operating expenses, for statewide planning and evaluation of programs, and for administration of the state plan. Funding: FY 1986 FY 1985 FY 1984 FY 1983 Authorization $80,000,000 $75,000,000 $65,000,000 $65,000,000 Budget Recommendation -0- -0- -0- -0- Appropriation pending 75,000,000 65,000,000 60,000,000 TITLE II - CONSTRUCTION Description of Program: Grants are made to the states for public library construction. The law defines "construction" as the construction of new library buildings, the acquisition, expansion, remodeling, acd alteration of existing buildings, and the initial equipment of such buildings (except books). Architects' fees and the cost of acquisition of land are also eligible expenses. Providing appropriations are sufficient, the basic allowment for each state is $100,000 and for each outlying territory , - 3 - $20,000. The federal share cf any project cannot exceed one-half the total cost. Construction or remodeling projects to remove architectural barriers and to reduce energy consumption are eligible under Title II. Funding: FY 1985 FY 1984 FY 1983 FY 1986 1 1 Authorization $50,000,000 $50,000,000 -0- -0- -0- Budget Recommendation -0- -0- -0- 2 Appropriation pending 25,000,000 -0- $50,000,000 1 PL 97-35 authorized no appropriations for title II, but left the statutory 16nguage in place. 2 Provided by PL 98-8, emergency jobs supplemental funding for FY 1983. TITLE III - INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION Description of Program: Grants are made to the states for the planning, establishment and operation of cooperative networks of libraries at the local, regional or interstate level. Such cooperative networks should provide for "the systematic and effective coordination of the resources of school, public, academic and special libraries and information centers for improved supplementary services for special clientele served by each type of library or center." Providing appropriations are sufficient, the basic allotment for each state is $40,000 and for each outlying territory $10,000. Funding: FY 1986 FY 1985 FY 1984 FY 1983 Authorization $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $15,000,000 $15,000,000 Budget Recommendation -0- -0- -0- -0- Appropriation pending 18,000,000 15,000,000 11,520,000 TITLE IV - LIBRARY SERVICES FOR INDIAN TRIBES Description of the Program: (Older Readers Services, which was previously Title IV, was incorporated into Title I.) It is the purpose of Title IV: (1) To promote the extension of public library services to Indian people living on or near reservations. (2) To provide incentives for the establishment and expansion of tribal library programs. (3) To improve the administration and implementation of library services for Indians by providing funds to establish and support ongoing library programs. Grants are made to Indian tribes, defined as any Indian tribe, band, nation, organized gro,up or community, Alaskan Native village or regional or village corporation recognized by the Secretary of Education. Funds allotted but not used because of nonapplication or nonqualification would be allocated among Indian tribes which had submitted approved plans for special project grants. Funds received under either the basic allotment of - 4 - a special project grant can be used for training of Indians as library personnel, purchase of library materials, special programs, salaries, construction, transportation of library users, dissemination, needs assess ment, and contracts to provide public library services to Indians or for any of the eligible uses. Funding: The authorized level for FY 1985-89 is 1.5 percent of appropria tions for Titles I, II, and III; .5 percent of I, II, and III funds is for "grants to organizations primarily serving and representing Hawaiian Natives that are recognized by the Governor of the State of Hawaii." TITLE V - FOREIGN LANGUAGE MATERIALS ACQUISITION Description of Program: This is a new title for discretionary grants of up to $15,000 for the acquisition of foreign language materials directly to state and local public libraries on a competitive basis. Funding: The authorized level is $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1985 through 1988. No funds have been recommended in the Administration's FY 1986 budget. TITLE VI - LIBRARY LITERACY PROGRAMS Description of Program: This is a new title for discretionary grants of up to $25,000 for literacy programs directly to state and local public li braries on a competitive basis. Grants to state libraries are to be used for coordinating and planning library literacy programs, and making arrange ments for training librarians and volunteers to carry them out. Grants to local public libraries are to be used for promoting the use of voluntary services of individuals, agencies, and organizations, acquisition of materials, and using library facilities for literacy programs. Funding: The authorized level for each of fiscal years 1985 through 1988 is $5,000,000. No funds have been recommended in the Administration's FY 1986 budget. Impe.ct of Proposed Program Elimination: Title I - PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES: The elimfoation of LSCA was firmly rejected by Congress in FY '83, '84, and '85. On October 17, 1984, a five-year extension and amendment of LSCA was signed into law (now PL 98-480). Yet, the Administration proposes zero funding again for FY 1986. The loss of all federal support for public library programs would trigger the elimination of the most far-reaching and innovative programs offered by public libraries. Although federal funding accounts for only five percent of public library support, it is a critical five percent used to reach that part of the population without library services or with very inadequate services, or for whom provision of library and information services re quires extra effort or special materials and equipment. In most states the impact would include: I' - 5 - o Reduced staff and programs at all state library agencies; constituent services to 15,000 public libraries would be greatly cut or eliminated. o Reduction of library services to over 8 million persons in orphanages, mental health institutions, hospitals, prisons, and in programs for the blind and physically handicapped. South Carolina would lose two staff positions which serve the blind and physically handicapped, funds for large print books, in-WATS telephone service, and cassette tape supplies. Michigan would be forced to close all subregional libraries for the blind and physically handicapped. o Termination of special library services: In Baltimore County, MD, funds allow unemployed adults free access to microcomputers; un employment in the areas served range from 12 to 24.2 percent. Popular Joh Information Centers would be closed without LSCA aid. o Termination of book purchase grants; termination or no growth in statewide film libraries. Minnesota would close its regional film center. Pennsylvania's Public Libraries Film Center which serves over 500,000 citizens each year would no longer be available. o Delivery services which would have extended library services to the elderly and people in rural areas such as "Books-by-Mail" programs would end. These services are also hard hit by postal rate increases and proposed postal subsidy cuts and removing LSCA funding would end many of them. Service to 200,000 rural residents in the state of Maine alone would have to be eliminatPd. Title II - CONSTRUCTION: The Administration has recommended elimina tion of LSCA title II for the fourth year in a row. Yet, of the approxi mately 1,030 local project applications submitted to the State library administrative agencies, only about 500 could be approved in fiscal years 1983 and 1984. Over half of these projects still await funding. Many of those unfunded will be resubmitted and compete with new projects which have not yet been proposed to the funding administrators. For example, of the 34 building projects submitted in Alabama last year, only 14 could be funded. Florida received funds for only 11 of the 48 projects submitted. And in New York, only 24 of 75 requests could be met. Besides allowing new and renovated buildings to replace inadequate and crowded older libraries and adding library services to areas previously unserved, LSCA funding is used to meet physically handicapped accessibility requirements. A recent Washington State survey showed that 71 percent of library buildings did not meet these accessibility requirements. The cost of these improvements is well over one-half million dollars. Title III - INTERLIBRARY COOPERATIOK: The absence of federal support rejected the last three years but proposed again, would effectively elimi nate cooperative library programs. In most states, a small number of regional resource-sharing organizations have been established. These organizations link the resources of all the libraries within a given area and provide a central clearinghouse for interlibrary loan and reference ·. - 6 - services. If a question cannot be answered at the local library or if the local library does not own a requested item, the regional library authority is called upon. These organizationals vary in name -- In Indiana they are called ALSA (Area Library Service Authorities); in Minnesota it is PLANET (Public Library Access Network); in Iowa it is ILITE (Iowa Library Information Teletype Exchange). The purposes are the same; to provide the mechanism to bring information to all persons in the state by harnessing all the state's resources. In most cases, LSCA title III funds provide the majority of funding for these organizations. Zeroing-out LSCA III would result in: o Limited effectiveness and mission for the regional library system operating in all 50 states and severely limiting the resources which encourage continued cooperative endeavors. o Termination of local, regional and state union list projects which collect information on all library holdings; these union lists are invaluable sources to researchers and students and are essential to library managers to avoid expensive duplication in purchasing. o Reduced effectiveness of st~tewide reference and referral services as staff reductions result in diminished service; in South Carolina, for example, two positions would be lost which will delay services considerably. o Sharing of library resources would become more difficult and expensive as states reduce staff and services. Many states use LSCA funds to pay charges for library access to nationwide bibliographic databases. However, AT&T is proposing a tariff increase as of April 6, 1985 which will increase costs to libraries for their data communications significantly. Removing LSCA support of this service as well would be devastating to libraries. o Pennsylvania's Interlibrary Delivery Services (IDS) would not be able to deliver the 200,000 books which it now ships for 200 li braries each year. In West Virginia, 168 public libraries would experience the breakdown of their interli.brary loan system because it is partially funded through LSCA. Massachusetts would have to cease development of its state automated library network even though 65 percent of the state's population is not yet served by the system. Title IV - LIBRARY SERVICES FOR INDIAN TRIBES: Congress states in its findings that since most Indian Tribes receive little or no LSCA funding, are generally considered separate nations and seldom eligible for direct library allocations from states, and often have access to no libraries at all, Title IV is needed to provide Indian Tribes with library services. Without this funding, Indian Tribes will remain unserved and therefore be denied access to education and recreation opportunities enjoyed by other communities. This need perceived by Congress is only beginning to be met in 1985 which is the first year of funding for the program. - 7 - Title V - FOREIGN LANGUAGE MATERIALS ACQUISITION: According to the 1980 Census, over 4 million people in the U.S. "speak English not well or not at all." Materials in languages other than English are needed to provide information which immigrants and other non-English speaking individuals can understand. The Department of Education reports that a single well developed collection of materials in foreign languages and English-as-a second language can provide effective services to a wide area. Title V grants will allow libraries to develop these needed collections by purchasing foreign language materials which would not otherwise be avail able in public libraries. Title VI - LIBRARY LITERACY PROGRAMS: Adult illiteracy costs the U.S. an estimated $225 billion annually in lost productivity, lost tax revenue, welfare, prisons, crime, and related social costs. According to the January 1985 Business Council for Effective Literacy Newsletter, 27 million adults "lack the ability to read and write to enable them to function effectively at everyday tasks. And the basic skills of another 45 million are barely marginal." The number of functional illiterates grows by 2.3 million persons each year. The December 1984 report of the Librarian of Congress, Books in Our Future, states that of the half million prisoners in federal and state institutions, at least 60 percent are functionally illiterate. The cost to keep a convict in prison for one year in New York City is $25,000. More literacy programs are needed to prevent these social and economic losses caused by those who cannot read. Libraries can play a major role in literacy education, but without Title VI funds, many programs may never begin while others will serve far fewer illiterates than possi ble. EDUCATION CONSOLIDATION AND IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1981, CHAPTER 2 (PL 97-35, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981) Purpose: To consolidate 28 programs, including school library resources, into a block grant to be used " ... in accordance with the educational needs and priorities of State and local educational agencies as determined by such agencies." Further, Congress intends to " ..• financially assist State and local educational agencies to improve elementary and secondary educa tion (including preschool education) for children attending both public and private schools, and to do so in a manner designed to greatly reduce the enormous administrative and paperwork burden ...• " Authorization: Title V of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act estab lished the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA), of which Chapter 2 is a block grant authorized through fiscal year 1987. Funding: The block grant, like the antecedent programs, is advance funded. That is, to allow for long-range planning, the funding level decided upon during the FY 1986 appropriations process will actually be made available for the 1986-87 school year. FY 1986 FY 1985 FY 1984 Authorization such sums such sums $589,368,000 Budget Recommendation $531,909,000 $728,879,000 478,879,000 Appropriation pending 531,909,000 479,420,000 NOTE: The former instructional materials and equipment and school library resources program, Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title IV-B, was last funded in FY 1981 at $161,000,000. Allotments: One percent reserved for insular areas, 6 percent for the Secretary of Education's discretionary fund, the remainder to states on a school-age population basis except that no state would receive less than .5 percent of the remainder. From the state allotment, each state educa tional agency (SEA) must distribute 80 percent to local educational agencies (LEAs) on an enrollment basis with higher allocations to LEAs with greatest concentrations of high cost children, such as those from low-income families, economically depressed urban and rural areas, and from sparsely populated areas. Description of Program: The nature of federal assistance to elementary and secondary education changed significantly with the passage of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA), Chapter 2, a block grant for fiscal years 1982-87, combining over 28 programs including the school library resources program, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Title IV-B. Although the ECIA has two titles or chapters, the first part consists of one program, the former ESEA I, aid for disad vantaged children. Therefore, there is really one block grant -- the second part of ECIA, in which school library media centers compete with 27 other programs for funding. - 2 - Funds may be used for any or all of the previous purposes of the programs which were consolidated. Three subchapters of the Act contain authorized activities: A) Basic Skills Development 1) State leadership and support services, including planning, research and development, demonstrations, training, develop ment of materials, information dissemination, technical assistance, and programs involving parents and volunteers. 2) School level programs, including diagnostic assessment, establishment of learning goals, training for teachers and support personnel, activities to involve parents, testing and evaluation. B) Educational Improvement and Support Services 1) Acquisition and utilization of school library resources, textbooks, instructional equipment and other materials for instructional purposes. 2) Improvement in local educational practices. 3) Addressing problems caused by concentrations of minority children. 4) Improved management of educational programs. 5) Teacher training and staff development. 6) Assistance for schools undergoing desegregation. C) Special Projects 1) Special projects, including metric education, arts in educa tion, in-schoo l and preschool partnership programs, consumer education, employment preparation and work experience, edu cation about the environment, health, the law, and population; programs for youth offenders, and biomedical career education. 2) Community schools. 3) Additional programs, including gifted and talented, educational proficiency standards, safe schools, ethnic heritage studies, and programs involving training and advisory services under title IV, Civil Rights Act. The Budget: The Administration recommends a freeze-level of funding for ECIA Chapter 2 for FY 1986. This $531,909,000 does not include any in crease for inflation, and therefore some programs funded under Chapter 2 in FY 1985 would have to be cut. A recent survey by Phyllis Land Usher, administrator of the state school library program at the Indiana Department of Education, reveals mixed results for school libraries under the block grants. In some states, school libraries received more funds than they had under the categorical grants while other states reported that individual school libraries receive little or no federal funding under the block grants. As schools respond to the 1983 report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, they must consider the U.S. - 3 - Department of Education's statements about the importance of school li braries. The Department's Libraries and the Learning Society Advisory Board, in its July 1983 report, Alliance for Excellence, recommends that elementary and secondary school curricula be strengthened by teaching the effective use of information sources, including libraries, and that every elementary and secondary school have quality library services and re sources. These basic goals for excellence in education require strong support of school libraries at all levels, including federal assistance programs such as Chapter 2. American Library Association Washington Office March 1985 HIGHER EDUCATION ACT TITLE II-A - COLLEGE LIBRARY RESOURCES (PL 89-329 as amended by PL 89-752, PL 90-575, PL 92-318, PL 94-484, PL 96-374, and PL 97-35, The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981.) Purpose: Provides grants to academic libraries to assist in the maintenance and improvement of their library collections, and to enable them to share resources and participate in library networks. Authorization: Authorized through FY 1985; an automatic extension under the General Education Provisions Act extends authorization through FY 1986. Funding: FY 1986 FY 1985 FY 1984 FY 1983 1 1 Authorization $35,000,000 $35,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 Budget Recommendation -0- -0- -0- -0- Appropriations pending -0- -0- 1,920,000 1 PL 97-35 reduced the authorization levels for FY 1982, 1983, and 1984 from $30,000,000 to $5,000,000. Description of Program: Part A, College Library Resources, provides Resource Development grants of up to $10,000 to institutions of higher education, their branches in other communities, to combinations of institu tions, and to other public and private nonprofit library institutions which provide library and information services to institutions of higher educa tion on a formal, cooperative basis. The grants may be used for books, periodicals, documents, magnetic tapes, phonograph records, audiovisual materials, and other related library materials, any necessary binding, and for the establishment and maintenance of networks for sharing library resources with other institutions of higher education. Recipient institu tions must maintain library materials expenditures at a level not less than the average of the two preceding fiscal years (except in very unusual circumstances). This maintenance-of-effort requirement may be figured on either an aggregate or a per student basis. Impact of Proposed Program Elimination: The Administration has recommended elimination of II-A for the fourth year in a row. College library resource grants are unfunded in FY 1985 pending development of criteria to target the grants to the neediest colleges. Development of need criteria is underway in connection with the REA reauthorization process. College libraries are a vital component of higher education. A report, "Integrity in the College Curriculum", issued in February '85 by the Association of American Colleges, states that education "should give students experience with the tools of the disciplines .•. As they advance, students should work increasingly with the primary materials of their concentration -- texts, documents, artifacts, substances, works of art and not with edited collections and laboratory codes." These primary materials are accessible only through quality libraries. (over) - 2 - The cost of acquiring materials has escalated while during the same time, the amount of material published also increased. Just last year, technical publishing output rose by 22 percent. Libraries need to keep up with technical information if higher education is to keep up with technology. In a recent sampling of college and small university libraries, only 65 percent offered online bibliographic search services. II-A funds can give additional students and faculty access to computerized information data bases as well as traditional print and audiovisual materials. American Library Association Washington Office March 1985 HIGHER EDUCATION ACT TITLE II-B - LIBRARY TRAINING, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT (PL 89-329 as amended by PL 89-752, PL 90-575, PL 92-318, PL 94-482, PL 96-374 and PL 97-35, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981.) Purpose: Provides grants for 1) the training of persons, especially minorities, in librarianship; 2) research and demonstration projects relating to the improvement of libraries; and 3) special purpose grants. Authorization: Authorized through FY 1985; an automatic extension under the General Education Provisions Act extends authorization through FY 1986. Funding: FY 1986 FY 1985 FY 1984 FY 1983 1 1 Authorization $35,000,000 $35,000,000 $1,200,000 $1,200,000 Budget Recommendation -0- -0- -0- -0- Appropriations pending 1,000,000 880,000 880,000 Training pending 635,000 640,000 640,000 Research & Demonstra- tions pending 365,000 240,000 240,000 Special Purpose Grants pending -0- -0- -0- 1 PL 97-35 reduced the authorization levels for FY 1982, 1983 and 1984 from $30,000,000 to $1,200,000. Description of Program: Authorizing legislation requires that one-third of the money appropriated under part B be designated for each of the three programs: library career training, research and demonstration, and special purpose grants. Training: Sec. 222 provides grants upon application to institutions of higher education and library organizations or agencies for training persons in librarianship. Grants may be used (1) to assist in covering the cost of courses of training or study (including institutes); (2) to establish and maintain fellowships or traineeships with stipends; and (3) to establish, develop, or expand programs of library and information science, including new techniques of information transfer and communication technology. Not less than 50 percent of the grants shall be for fellowships or trainee ships. Research and Demonstrations: Sec. 223 provides research and demonstra tion grants to institutions of higher education and other public or private agencies, institutions and organizations for the improvement of libraries, library training, or information technology, and for the dissemination of information derived from the grant projects. Special Purpose Grants: Sec. 224 provides special purpose grants to (1) institutions of higher education to meet special national or regional needs in the library or information sciences, (2) combinations of institu tions of higher education which demonstrate a need for special assistance in establishing and strengthening joint-use library facilities, resources, or equipment, (3) other public and private nonprofit library institutions which provide library and information services to institutions of higher education on a formal cooperative basis for the purpose of establishing, - 2 - developing, or expanding programs or projects that improve their services, and (4) institutions of higher education which demonstrate a need for special assistance to develop or expand programs or projects that will service the communities in which the institutions are located. Applicants must maintain effort on library expenditures and match at least one-third of the grant funds from other sources. Impact of Proposed Program Elimination: Training: To serve all Americans effectively, libraries need more minority representation. Currently, professional staffing in libraries is only 5.8 percent Black, 4 percent Asian, 1.8 percent Hispanic, and 0.2 percent Native American. Without II-B fellowship help, a highly successful minority recruitment effort would come to a halt. In four years, the II-B assisted program at the University of Arizona increased the number of Hispanic librarians in the U.S. by 20 percent. In the last decade, over 1,500 persons, including many women and minorities, have been recipients of HEA II-B fellowships. The track record of II-B fellowship recipients is notable; many are now deans of library and information science programs, heads of major public libraries, and leaders in the research library community. Several characteristics of librarianship make it difficult to recruit minority students. Sources of financial assistance typical of other fields such as· large-scale research projects or undergraduate labs or classes led by teaching assistants are rare in library science. The pay level in librarianship is relatively low compared to other professions which have comparable educational requirements. The National Commission on Student Financial Assistance recently recommended that the "Library Career Training program should be extended to support advanced study in modern information technology such as computers, library networking, and the preservation of older library materials.'' The Commission also recommended a substantial increase in funds. Research and Demonstrations: The only coordinated program of research in library and information science would be eliminated. These projects have made an impact in two important areas -- innovative methods of extend ing service to underserved groups, and adaptation of newer information and communications technologies to library operations. R&D in these areas remains critical -- because of the rapid convergence between library science and computer and information science, and to maintain and improve the library contribution as a self-help institution to excellence in education. Like the training of young people for a profession, funding for research in library science is an investment in the future. Ten years ago the II-B training program alone received $2.8 million; the current level for training and research together is $1,000,000. Even this small amount has made a significant difference. The United States' 150,000 librarians and over 100,000 libraries and their users benefit from the research sponsored by HEA II-B. American Library Association Washington Office March 1985 -- ~------~~------HIGHER EDUCATION ACT, TITLE II-C - STRENGTHENING RESEARCH LIBRARY RESOURCES (PL 94-482 as amended by PL 96-374 and PL 97-35, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981.) Purpose: Provides grants to major research libraries to maintain and strengthen their collections and to make their holdings available to other libraries whose users have need for research materials. Authorization: Authorized through FY 1985; an automatic extension under the General Education Provisions Act extends authorization through FY 1986. Funding: FY 1986 FY 1985 FY 1984 FY 1983 1 1 Authorization $15,000,000 $15,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 Budget Recommendation -0- -0- -0- -0- Appropriation pending 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 1 PL 97-35 reduced the authorization levels for FY 1982, 1983 and 1984 from $15,000,000 to $6,000,000. Description of Program: HEA II-C is a program of grants to major research libraries. A major research library is defined as "a public or private nonprofit institution, including the library resources of an institution of higher education, an independent research library, or a state or other public library, having library collections which are available to qualified users and which (1) make a significant contribution to higher education and research; (2) are broadly based and are recognized as having national or international significance for scholarly research; (3) are of a unique , nature, and contain material not widely available; and (4) are in substan tial demand by researchers and scholars not connected with that institu tion." Institutions receiving a title II-C grant are not eligible for a II-A Resource Development Grant or a II-B Special Purpose Grant in the same year. "Broad and equitable geographic distribution" is to be sought in making awards. Impact of Proposed Program Elimination: As with other federal library programs, the Administration has recommended elimination of II-C for the fourth year in a row. Yet the National Commission on Student Financial Assistance, in its report on graduate education, concluded late last year that given the "urgent need", the current $6 million is "pitifully inade quate." The Commission summed up the situation: Independent scholarship at the graduate level is impossible without first-rate, up-to-date library collections. Equally important, many of these collections are unique and irreplaceable ... But like everything else, the cost of books and library services has been going up in recent years. Libraries are hard pressed to (over) - 2 - provide the public and scholars access to their collections and, in the face of an explosion of published knowledge, to maintain current collections. For several reasons, libraries also find it difficult to take advantage of new technologies for bibliographic and indexing improvements and for cooperative arrangements to create networks of knowledge. Some of the pressures with which university research collections must contend include the following: o Although expenditures for library materials rose by 91 percent in the 1970s, enormous cost increases forced a reduction of 20 percent in growth of new volumes. o Expenditures for salaries and wages more than doubled in the same period although staff size increased only 11 percent. o Far from preserving these collections for future generations, we are permitting them to deteriorate on the shelves. Acids used in paper since about 1850 are literally destroying irreplaceable collections. A recent review and evaluation prepared for the Department of Education noted that II-C "has given the nation tens of thousands of unique titles acquired for scholarly investigation, thousands of fragile and irreplace able volumes preserved for long term use, and hundreds of thousands of bibliographic records linked through online data files, in a format which will enable individual research scholars to locate items not held at the local research library". Only major research libraries are eligible to receive grant awards; in FY 1984, 53 institutions were selected to carry out grant funded activities under 35 grant awards. However, 97 applications were received, almost three times as many as could be funded. American Library Association Washington Office March 1985