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Research Article z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 02, pp.65323-65329, February, 2018 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE A REVIEW ON ACALYPHA WILKESIANA MUELL. ARG. Lakshmi Girish and *Sharda Vaidya Smt. C. H. M. College, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. commonly known as Irish petticoat belongs to the family Received 17th November, 2017 Euphorbiaceae. It is widely used in Nigeria as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases. Various Received in revised form phytochemical compounds such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phlobatanins, phenolics, cardiac 30th December, 2017 glycosides, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, triterpenoids, polyphenols, gallic acid, corilagin, geraniin, Accepted 09th January, 2018 quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and anthroquinone have been reported. Due tothe Published online 28th February, 2018 presence of these phytoconstituents the plant has been reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-cholesterol and anti-arrhythmic, anti- Key words: malarial, hypnotic and anticonvulsant, antiemetic, anti-cancerous, anti-parasitic and analgesic activity, diuretic and anti HIV activity and hepato protective activity. The present paper explores the medicinal Acalypha wilkesiana, uses, phytochemical and pharmacological effects of Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. and tried to Pharmacology, Phytochemistry. compile information that may help researchers for further investigation. Copyright © 2018, Lakshmi Girish and Sharda Vaidya. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Lakshmi Girish and Sharda Vaidya, 2018. “A review on Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg.”, International Journal of Current Research, 10, (02), 65323-65329. INTRODUCTION Taxonomy Plants are reservoirs of different phytochemical compounds Kingdom - Plantae; Division –Spermatophyta; and enzymes. These compounds can be alkaloids, tannins, Class – Monochlamydae; Series-Unisexuales volatile oils, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, Family - Euphorbiaceae; Genus – Acalypha glycosides, etc. which have been assessed for their anti- Species – wilkesiana oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic and other biological Botanical name: Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. effects (Patil et al., 2009; Krishnaswamy and Raghuramulu, 1998). Twenty-five percent of people in the world depend on Vernacular Names traditional medicinal plants as drugs for curing various diseases and ailments (Reddy, 2004; Kumara et al., 2011; English: Irish Petticoat; Sanskrit: Svetakhadira Sharma and Painuli, 2011). Over 6000 plants in India are used in traditional, folk and herbal medicine representing about 75% Common Names of the medicinal needs of the developing countries (Rajshekharan, 2002). There are always side effects associated Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg., is commonly called as Irish with synthetic drugs. Researchers arediverting their attention to petticoat. Other common names include: copperleaf Jecob’s the folk medicines which are safe and effective and are the coat, Fijian Fire Plant, Fire Dragon Plant, Beefsteak Plant, oldest health care products (Mukherjee, 2002). Interestingly, Hudling, Redleaf, Josephs Coat, Hojade Cobre Huu-Krataai, natural product research guided by ethno-pharmacological and Match-Me-If-You-Can (Christman, 2004). The Hausas of knowledge has made substantial contributions to drug the Northern Nigeria call it “Jiwene”, while the Yoruba of the innovation by providing novel chemical structures or Southern Nigeria call it “awor-oso”. In Malaysia, locally it is mechanisms of action (De Smet, 1997). Pharmaceutical called “Akalifa” (Ong 2006). industries use traditional medicines as a source of bioactive agents that can be used in the preparation of medicines. Most Description medicinal plants are being formulated into pharmaceutical th dosage forms like tablets, creams, ointments, syrups, and The plant was named after Admiral Charles Wilkes, a 19 lotions. century American naval officer and explorer in the South Pacific (Wiart, 2006). The name Acalypha wilkesiana *Corresponding author: Sharda Vaidya, originated from Greek, a, which means “without” and Smt. C. H. M. College, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra, India. kalyphos, which means “cover”. Acalypha wilkesiana, 65324 Lakshmi Girish and Sharda Vaidya, A review on acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. belonging to family Euphorbiaceae, (Spurge family) is an metabolism that accompanies hypertensions. The leaf-poultice evergreen shrub believed to be originally native to Fiji and is used in the treatment of headache, swellings, cold and South Pacific Islands. The plant is well distributed throughout malaria (Akinyemi et al., 2005). The seeds of A. wilkesiana are tropical Africa, South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, America, used in compounding a complex plant mixture used by Yemen, Pakistan southern and central parts of Florida. It grows traditional healers in South-West Nigeria to treat malaria, 3 meters (9. 8 ft) high and spreads 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) across. breast tumors and inflammation (Oyelami et al., 2003; The stem is erect with many fine hairy branches. It has a Akinyemi et al., 2005; Bussing et al., 1999; Taraphdar et al., closely arranged crown. The leaves are coppery green with red 2001). In West Africa, it is used for the treatment of headache splashes of colour giving a mottled appearance. The leaves are and cold and in Nigeria; the cold extract of the leaves is used large and broad with teeth around the edge. They can be 10–20 to bath babies with skin infection (Adesina et al., 2000). centimeters (3. 9–7. 9 in) long and 15 centimeters (5 - 9 in) Oyelami et al., (2003) carried out a non-comparative study to wide heart-shaped alternate, elliptic to oval, serrate, hairy with evaluate the safety and efficiency of Acalypha wilkesiana combination of colours like green, purple, yellow, orange, pink ointment using 32 Nigerians with mycological as well as or white depending on cultivation. They can be flat or crinkled. clinical evidence of mycoses. The ointment successfully The flowers are reddish in spikes at the end of branches. They controlled the mycoses in 73. 3% of the affected patients. have separate male and female flowers on the catkin-like Previous scientific evaluation of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves racemes beneath the foliage on the same plant. The male revealed antimicrobial and antifungal activity (Oyelami et al, flowers are in long spikes which hang downwards while the 2003; Adesina et al., 1980; 2000; Oladunmoye, 2006; Erute female flowers are in short spikes. The flowers are apetalous and Oyibo, 2008). According to Ong (2006), the leaves are and without nectar disc. Its flowering season is between traditionally used in Malaysia for treatments of inflammation, February to December (Sagun et al., 2010). It is planted headache, fever and flu, whereas its roots are boiled to wash around homes for horticultural purposes. It looks its best when haemorrhoids. A beverage consisting of about 60 g of the provided with regular watering during drought and grows on a leaves boiled in goat’s milk was used to lower blood wide variety of garden soils, at a minimum temperature above temperature, treat fever, relieve cough and heal pimples. 10 g 10 °C. It is easily propagated by air layering or stem cutting at of the leaves boiled with sugar can be used to treat any time of the year (Edward, 2011). Many cultivars with thrombocytopenic purpura and allergic purpura which are skin different leaf shapes, sizes and colors have been developed and disorders caused by bleeding underneath the skin (Wiart 2006). grow best in fertile, well-drained soil (Riley, 1963). A. In West Africa, the plant is used in the form of decoction, wilkesiana ‘Godseffiana’ has narrow, drooping, green leaves infusion or tincture. The leaves are rubbed in between palms with creamy-white margins, 'Marginata' has coppery-green and the juice is smeared on the affected part of a patient for leaves with pink or crimson margins, 'Macrophylla' has larger treatment of Pityriasis versicolor and other skin infections. leaves, variegated with bronze, cream, yellow and red, while Ground leaves may be used as soap to wash affected parts of 'Musaica' has green leaves that are mottled with orange and red the skin (Adesina et al., 1980). The whole plant is useful in (Gilman, 1999; Christman, 2004). treating chronic bronchitis, asthma, scabies and other skin diseases, rheumatism, congestive headache (Itankar et al., Traditional uses 2011). According to Neuwinger (2000) and Lim et al., (2013), the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana are used to treat fungal skin Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest group of flowering plants diseases and infections, Pityriasis vesicolor, superficial with 300 genera and 7500 species which provides numerous mycoses. Also used against methicillin resistant bacteria, to plants used for treatment of inflammatory conditions, wounds combat constipation, nasopharyngeal infections, pain-killers, and bacterial infections (Wiart 2006). Acalypha wilkesiana applied externally as an antiseptic to ulcers and wounds, anti- Muell. Arg. one of the member belonging to this family is diarrhoeal agent, used as antibiotic, bacteriostatic
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