Biomass Gasification: a Route Toward Fuel and Energy
Ramin Radmanesh
Queen’s University October 23, 2008
1 2 Outlines
• Introduction to DuPont • DuPont Global • DuPont Canada • Research work in DuPont Canada • Sustainability Program in DuPont • Biomass Gasification • Gasification Mechanism • Gasifiers types and alternatives
2 3
Strategic Direction
Maturity
Maturity Growth
Maturity Growth Chemistry, Birth Growth Biology. . . Knowledge - Birth Chemistry, Intensive Birth Energy Solutions Explosives
1802 1830 1850 1900 1925 1945 1990 2000 2050 2090
3 4
A Rich History of Innovation & New Products
DuPont is a leader in producing breakthrough innovations and new products, developing some of the landmark innovations in business history …
® ® Teflon ® Kevlar ® Corian Tyvek
... and is recognized as one of the world’s top green companies.
206 Years of Innovation!
4 5 DuPont’s Mission:
Grow sustainably by adding shareholder and societal value while decreasing our environmental footprint. Existing plants
Bioprocessing
Renewable Feedstocks Bio-PDO™
• Sorona® • Cerenol™ • Renewable Hytrel® • Future Polymers
5 6 DuPont Renewably Sourced Materials
Ideal substitutes for products that today are based solely on petroleum. Through DuPont innovation, key building blocks for many of the materials we use every day can now be derived from renewable resources — creating a much smaller environmental footprint than their petroleum-based predecessors with no compromise in performance.
Materials
Energy
www.renewable.dupont.com
6 7 History of DuPont in Canada
CIL is split into Hamilton DuPont Canada and Powder Company ICI Canada Merges to become CLX 1877 1919 1955 2004
1910 1954
Lammot DuPont purchases CLX buys several DuPont sells its INVISTA Shares in the Hamilton businesses from textiles business and Powder Company E. I. Du Pont and becomes changes it’s name E. I. du Pont Canada to CIL Company Kingston Research Center
Kingston Research Center Celebrated 50 years on June 20th 2005
7 8
The Role of the Kingston R&D Center Transform basic science into commercializable processes or products. • Feasibility Assessment Assessment of new processes and products
• Process & Product Scale-Up Pilot design and tests Modeling and process simulation • Commercialization • Operations Support
8 9 Biomass to Energy & Higher Value Products
Feedstock Conversion Products
FuelsFuels EthanolEthanol / /Butanol Butanol RenewableRenewable Diesel Diesel
Power:Power: ElectricityElectricity HeatHeat Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation ChemicalChemical Intermediates Intermediates -- Grasses Grasses -- Gas/liquid Gas/liquid Fermentation Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & - Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & - Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation SolventsSolvents ResiduesResidues -- Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion -- Animal Animal Wastes Wastes -Combustion-Combustion & & co-firing co-firing -- Municipal Municipal Solid Solid Waste Waste -Gasification-Gasification & & Pyrolysis Pyrolysis
Biochemical Conversions
9 10 Biomass to Energy & Higher Value Products
Feedstock Conversion Products
FuelsFuels EthanolEthanol / /Butanol Butanol RenewableRenewable Diesel Diesel
Power:Power: ElectricityElectricity HeatHeat Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation ChemicalChemical Intermediates Intermediates -- Grasses Grasses -- Gas/liquid Gas/liquid Fermentation Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation SolventsSolvents ResiduesResidues -- Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion -- Animal Animal Wastes Wastes -Combustion-Combustion & & co-firing co-firing -- Municipal Municipal Solid Solid Waste Waste -Gasification-Gasification & & Pyrolysis Pyrolysis
Thermochemical Conversions
10 11 Biomass to Energy & Higher Value Products
Feedstock Conversion Products
FuelsFuels EthanolEthanol / /Butanol Butanol RenewableRenewable Diesel Diesel
Power:Power: ElectricityElectricity HeatHeat Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation ChemicalChemical Intermediates Intermediates -- Grasses Grasses -- Gas/liquid Gas/liquid Fermentation Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation SolventsSolvents ResiduesResidues -- Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion -- Animal Animal Wastes Wastes -Combustion-Combustion & & co-firing co-firing -- Municipal Municipal Solid Solid Waste Waste -Gasification-Gasification & & Pyrolysis Pyrolysis
Thermochemical Conversions
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Biomass Thermochemical Conversion: A Route Toward Fuels, Chemicals and Energy
Bio-Oil Chemicals Pyrolysis (acids, esters, Upgrading (absence of O ) Fuels 2 alcohols, …) Heat
Engine/Turbine Heat Genset Electricity Biomass
Hydrogen Gasification SynGas Secondary Methanol (O lean) (CO + H ) Processing Alcohols 2 2 FT Liquids
Steam Boiler Combustion Heat Heat (O 2 rich) Turbine Electricity
12 13 Biomass Gasifier
Syngas Flue Gas (Tar)
Ligno-Cellulose
T=750-1400 oC Ash (Char) Steam Air/Oxygen
13 14 Gasification Mechanism
Biomass
Drying H O Wet BM Dry BM + H2O 2
Tar
Pyrolysis Gas Producer + BM Pyrolysis gas + Charcoal CH 4
Combustion CO 2 C +O 2 CO 2 + 4H + O 2 2H 2O HEAT H2O CnHm+[ n/2+m/4 ]O 2 nCO 2+m/2 H2O
Gasification Reactions CO C +CO 2 2CO C+H 2O CO+H 2 + C H +nH O nCO+ (m/2+n) H n m 2 2 H2 CO 2 + H 2 CO + H 2O
14 15 Gasification Technologies Circulating fluidized bed
Fixed bed gasifier Bubbling fluidized bed
High temperature gasifier -plasma Staged gasifier
15 16
Scale and Flexibility
Plasma Circuiting Bubbling Fluidized Bed Fluidized Bed Feed Flexibility Staged
n Updraftatio plic ap wer po Downdraftt & Hea
0.5 T/hr 4 T/hr 40 T/hr Throughput
16 17 Biomass Gasification to Fuel and Energy
Biomass O2/Steam
Feedstock Pretreatment Gasification Gas cleanup Gas Conditioning
• CH 4 reforming (optional) • Drying • Wet scrubbing • CO 2 removal • Size adjustment • Direct/indirect heating • Hot cleaning • Shift reaction • Torrefaction • Atm. /Pressurized • Particulate removal • Trace removal
tar ash
Others Syngas 4% Pretreatment CO/H 2 Heat & Power 21% 18%
FT-Reactor FT-Reactor 6% Gasifier 18% Cleanup Bio-Diesel 19% Oxygen Plant 15% Cost break-down for a bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasifiication to FT-liquid
adapted from: Tijmensen, et al. Biomass and Bioenergy 23 (2002) 129 – 152
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A Success Story in Biomass Gasification: Repotec 8 MW CHP Biomass Gasification Plant, Güssing , Austria
CFB Gasifier flue gas
Gasification Zone
ch ar co Combustion Zone al
air
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