Biomass Gasification: a Route Toward Fuel and Energy Ramin Radmanesh Queen’s University October 23, 2008 1 2 Outlines • Introduction to DuPont • DuPont Global • DuPont Canada • Research work in DuPont Canada • Sustainability Program in DuPont • Biomass Gasification • Gasification Mechanism • Gasifiers types and alternatives 2 3 Strategic Direction Maturity Maturity Growth Maturity Growth Chemistry, Birth Growth Biology. Knowledge - Birth Chemistry, Intensive Birth Energy Solutions Explosives 1802 1830 1850 1900 1925 1945 1990 2000 2050 2090 3 4 A Rich History of Innovation & New Products DuPont is a leader in producing breakthrough innovations and new products, developing some of the landmark innovations in business history … ® ® Teflon ® Kevlar ® Corian Tyvek ... and is recognized as one of the world’s top green companies. 206 Years of Innovation! 4 5 DuPont’s Mission: Grow sustainably by adding shareholder and societal value while decreasing our environmental footprint. Existing plants Bioprocessing Renewable Feedstocks Bio-PDO™ • Sorona® • Cerenol™ • Renewable Hytrel® • Future Polymers 5 6 DuPont Renewably Sourced Materials Ideal substitutes for products that today are based solely on petroleum. Through DuPont innovation, key building blocks for many of the materials we use every day can now be derived from renewable resources — creating a much smaller environmental footprint than their petroleum-based predecessors with no compromise in performance. Materials Energy www.renewable.dupont.com 6 7 History of DuPont in Canada CIL is split into Hamilton DuPont Canada and Powder Company ICI Canada Merges to become CLX 1877 1919 1955 2004 1910 1954 Lammot DuPont purchases CLX buys several DuPont sells its INVISTA Shares in the Hamilton businesses from textiles business and Powder Company E. I. Du Pont and becomes changes it’s name E. I. du Pont Canada to CIL Company Kingston Research Center Kingston Research Center Celebrated 50 years on June 20th 2005 7 8 The Role of the Kingston R&D Center Transform basic science into commercializable processes or products. • Feasibility Assessment Assessment of new processes and products • Process & Product Scale-Up Pilot design and tests Modeling and process simulation • Commercialization • Operations Support 8 9 Biomass to Energy & Higher Value Products Feedstock Conversion Products FuelsFuels EthanolEthanol / /Butanol Butanol RenewableRenewable Diesel Diesel Power:Power: ElectricityElectricity HeatHeat Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation ChemicalChemical Intermediates Intermediates -- Grasses Grasses -- Gas/liquid Gas/liquid Fermentation Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & - Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & - Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation SolventsSolvents ResiduesResidues -- Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion -- Animal Animal Wastes Wastes -Combustion-Combustion & & co-firing co-firing -- Municipal Municipal Solid Solid Waste Waste -Gasification-Gasification & & Pyrolysis Pyrolysis Biochemical Conversions 9 10 Biomass to Energy & Higher Value Products Feedstock Conversion Products FuelsFuels EthanolEthanol / /Butanol Butanol RenewableRenewable Diesel Diesel Power:Power: ElectricityElectricity HeatHeat Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation ChemicalChemical Intermediates Intermediates -- Grasses Grasses -- Gas/liquid Gas/liquid Fermentation Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation SolventsSolvents ResiduesResidues -- Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion -- Animal Animal Wastes Wastes -Combustion-Combustion & & co-firing co-firing -- Municipal Municipal Solid Solid Waste Waste -Gasification-Gasification & & Pyrolysis Pyrolysis Thermochemical Conversions 10 11 Biomass to Energy & Higher Value Products Feedstock Conversion Products FuelsFuels EthanolEthanol / /Butanol Butanol RenewableRenewable Diesel Diesel Power:Power: ElectricityElectricity HeatHeat Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation Chemicals - Forest materials - Enzymatic Fermentation ChemicalChemical Intermediates Intermediates -- Grasses Grasses -- Gas/liquid Gas/liquid Fermentation Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Plastics - Agricultural Crops & -Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation SolventsSolvents ResiduesResidues -- Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion -- Animal Animal Wastes Wastes -Combustion-Combustion & & co-firing co-firing -- Municipal Municipal Solid Solid Waste Waste -Gasification-Gasification & & Pyrolysis Pyrolysis Thermochemical Conversions 11 12 Biomass Thermochemical Conversion: A Route Toward Fuels, Chemicals and Energy Bio-Oil Chemicals Pyrolysis (acids, esters, Upgrading (absence of O ) Fuels 2 alcohols, …) Heat Engine/Turbine Heat Genset Electricity Biomass Hydrogen Gasification SynGas Secondary Methanol (O lean) (CO + H ) Processing Alcohols 2 2 FT Liquids Steam Boiler Combustion Heat Heat (O 2 rich) Turbine Electricity 12 13 Biomass Gasifier Syngas Flue Gas (Tar) Ligno-Cellulose T=750-1400 oC Ash (Char) Steam Air/Oxygen 13 14 Gasification Mechanism Biomass Drying H O Wet BM Dry BM + H2O 2 Tar Pyrolysis Producer Gas + BM Pyrolysis gas + Charcoal CH 4 Combustion CO 2 C +O 2 CO 2 + 4H + O 2 2H 2O HEAT H2O CnHm+[ n/2+m/4 ]O 2 nCO 2+m/2 H2O Gasification Reactions CO C +CO 2 2CO C+H 2O CO+H 2 + C H +nH O nCO+ (m/2+n) H n m 2 2 H2 CO 2 + H 2 CO + H 2O 14 15 Gasification Technologies Circulating fluidized bed Fixed bed gasifier Bubbling fluidized bed High temperature gasifier -plasma Staged gasifier 15 Scale and Flexibility Plasma Feed Flexibility 16 Bubbling Fluidized Bed Circuiting Fluidized Bed Staged Downdraft Updraft Heat & power application 0.5 T/hr 4 T/hr 40 T/hr Throughput 16 17 Biomass Gasification to Fuel and Energy Biomass O2/Steam Feedstock Pretreatment Gasification Gas cleanup Gas Conditioning • CH 4 reforming (optional) • Drying • Wet scrubbing • CO 2 removal • Size adjustment • Direct/indirect heating • Hot cleaning • Shift reaction • Torrefaction • Atm. /Pressurized • Particulate removal • Trace removal tar ash Others Syngas 4% Pretreatment CO/H 2 Heat & Power 21% 18% FT-Reactor FT-Reactor 6% Gasifier 18% Cleanup Bio-Diesel 19% Oxygen Plant 15% Cost break-down for a bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasifiication to FT-liquid adapted from: Tijmensen, et al. Biomass and Bioenergy 23 (2002) 129 – 152 17 18 A Success Story in Biomass Gasification: Repotec 8 MW CHP Biomass Gasification Plant, Güssing , Austria CFB Gasifier flue gas Gasification Zone ch ar co Combustion Zone al air 18 19 19.