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The World at the Time of Messel: Conference Volume
T. Lehmann & S.F.K. Schaal (eds) The World at the Time of Messel - Conference Volume Time at the The World The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 2011 Frankfurt am Main, 15th - 19th November 2011 ISBN 978-3-929907-86-5 Conference Volume SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft für Naturforschung THOMAS LEHMANN & STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL (eds) The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main, 15th – 19th November 2011 Conference Volume Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung IMPRINT The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Conference Volume Publisher PROF. DR. DR. H.C. VOLKER MOSBRUGGER Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Editors DR. THOMAS LEHMANN & DR. STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected]; [email protected] Language editors JOSEPH E.B. HOGAN & DR. KRISTER T. SMITH Layout JULIANE EBERHARDT & ANIKA VOGEL Cover Illustration EVELINE JUNQUEIRA Print Rhein-Main-Geschäftsdrucke, Hofheim-Wallau, Germany Citation LEHMANN, T. & SCHAAL, S.F.K. (eds) (2011). The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates. 22nd International Senckenberg Conference. 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main. Conference Volume. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main. pp. 203. -
A New Xinjiangchelyid Turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the Evolution of the Basipterygoid Process in Mesozoic Turtles Rabi Et Al
A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles Rabi et al. Rabi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:203 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/203 Rabi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:203 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/203 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles Márton Rabi1,2*, Chang-Fu Zhou3, Oliver Wings4, Sun Ge3 and Walter G Joyce1,5 Abstract Background: Most turtles from the Middle and Late Jurassic of Asia are referred to the newly defined clade Xinjiangchelyidae, a group of mostly shell-based, generalized, small to mid-sized aquatic froms that are widely considered to represent the stem lineage of Cryptodira. Xinjiangchelyids provide us with great insights into the plesiomorphic anatomy of crown-cryptodires, the most diverse group of living turtles, and they are particularly relevant for understanding the origin and early divergence of the primary clades of extant turtles. Results: Exceptionally complete new xinjiangchelyid material from the ?Qigu Formation of the Turpan Basin (Xinjiang Autonomous Province, China) provides new insights into the anatomy of this group and is assigned to Xinjiangchelys wusu n. sp. A phylogenetic analysis places Xinjiangchelys wusu n. sp. in a monophyletic polytomy with other xinjiangchelyids, including Xinjiangchelys junggarensis, X. radiplicatoides, X. levensis and X. latiens. However, the analysis supports the unorthodox, though tentative placement of xinjiangchelyids and sinemydids outside of crown-group Testudines. A particularly interesting new observation is that the skull of this xinjiangchelyid retains such primitive features as a reduced interpterygoid vacuity and basipterygoid processes. -
Carettochelys Insculpta) in the KIKORI REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
NESTING ECOLOGY, HARVEST AND CONSERVATION OF THE PIG-NOSED TURTLE (Carettochelys insculpta) IN THE KIKORI REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA by CARLA CAMILO EISEMBERG DE ALVARENGA B.Sc. (Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG) (2004) M.Sc. (National Institute for Amazon Research) (2006) Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Canberra. October 2010 Certificate of Authorship of Thesis Except where clearly acknowledged in footnotes, quotations and the bibliography, I certify that I am the sole author of the thesis submitted today, entitled Nesting ecology, harvest and conservation of the Pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kikori region, Papua New Guinea I further certify that to the best of my knowledge the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis. The material in the thesis has not been the basis of an award of any other degree or diploma.The thesis complies with University requirements for a thesis as set out in Gold Book Part 7: Examination of Higher Degree by Research Theses Policy, Schedule Two (S2). …………………………………………… Signature of Candidate .......................................................................... Signature of chair of the supervisory panel ………15-Mar-11…………………….. Date Copyright This thesis (© by Carla C. Eisemberg, 2010) may be freely copied or distributed for private and/or commercial use and study. However, no part of this thesis or the information herein may be included in a publication or referred to in a publication without the written consent of Carla C. -
The Geologic Time Scale Is the Eon
Exploring Geologic Time Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1145 Paper #35-1146 Laminated Background Geologic Time Scale Basics The history of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientists divide it into smaller sections that are associ- ated with particular events that have occurred in the past.The approximate time range of each time span is shown on the poster.The largest time span of the geologic time scale is the eon. It is an indefinitely long period of time that contains at least two eras. Geologic time is divided into two eons.The more ancient eon is called the Precambrian, and the more recent is the Phanerozoic. Each eon is subdivided into smaller spans called eras.The Precambrian eon is divided from most ancient into the Hadean era, Archean era, and Proterozoic era. See Figure 1. Precambrian Eon Proterozoic Era 2500 - 550 million years ago Archaean Era 3800 - 2500 million years ago Hadean Era 4600 - 3800 million years ago Figure 1. Eras of the Precambrian Eon Single-celled and simple multicelled organisms first developed during the Precambrian eon. There are many fos- sils from this time because the sea-dwelling creatures were trapped in sediments and preserved. The Phanerozoic eon is subdivided into three eras – the Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era. An era is often divided into several smaller time spans called periods. For example, the Paleozoic era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,and Permian periods. Paleozoic Era Permian Period 300 - 250 million years ago Carboniferous Period 350 - 300 million years ago Devonian Period 400 - 350 million years ago Silurian Period 450 - 400 million years ago Ordovician Period 500 - 450 million years ago Cambrian Period 550 - 500 million years ago Figure 2. -
The Cenozoic Era - Nýlífsöld 65 MY-Present Jarðsaga 2 Ólafur Ingólfsson Origin of the Term: the Tertiary Tertiary System
The Cenozoic Era - Nýlífsöld 65 MY-Present Jarðsaga 2 Ólafur Ingólfsson Origin of the Term: The Tertiary Tertiary System. [1760] Named by Giovanni Arduino Period as the uppermost part of his 65-1.8 MY three-fold subdivision of mountains in northern Italy. The Tertiary became a formal period and system when Lyell published his work describing further subdivisions of the Tertiary. The Tertiary Period is divided into five epochs (tímar): Paleocene (65-56 MY), Eocene (56-34 MY), Oligocene (34-24 MY), Miocene (24-5,3 MY), and Pliocene (5,3-1,8 MY). Confusing set of stratigraphic terms... More than 95% of the Cenozoic era belongs to the Tertiary period. During the 18th century the names Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary were given by Giovanni Arduino to successive rock strata, the Primary being the oldest, the Tertiary the more recent. In 1829 a fourth division, the Quaternary, was added by P. G. Desnoyers. These terms were later abandoned, the Primary becoming the Paleozoic Era, and the Secondary the Mesozoic. But Tertiary and Quaternary were retained for the two main stages of the Cenozoic. Attempts to replace the "Tertiary" with a more reasonable division of “Palaeogene” (early Tertiary) and “Neogene” (later Tertiary and Quaternary) have not been very successful. Stanley uses this division. The World at the K/T Boundary Paleocene plate tectonics During the Paleocene, the inland seas of the Cretaceous Period dry up, exposing large land areas in North America and Eurasia. Australia begins to separate from Antarctica, and Greenland splits from North America. A remnant Tethys Sea persists in the equatorial region. -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
Craniofacial Morphology of Simosuchus Clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 10 Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Volume 30, Supplement to Number 6: 13–98, November 2010 © 2010 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF SIMOSUCHUS CLARKI (CROCODYLIFORMES: NOTOSUCHIA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR NATHAN J. KLEY,*,1 JOSEPH J. W. SERTICH,1 ALAN H. TURNER,1 DAVID W. KRAUSE,1 PATRICK M. O’CONNOR,2 and JUSTIN A. GEORGI3 1Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8081, U.S.A., [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701, U.S.A., [email protected]; 3Department of Anatomy, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308, U.S.A., [email protected] ABSTRACT—Simosuchus clarki is a small, pug-nosed notosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Originally described on the basis of a single specimen including a remarkably complete and well-preserved skull and lower jaw, S. clarki is now known from five additional specimens that preserve portions of the craniofacial skeleton. Collectively, these six specimens represent all elements of the head skeleton except the stapedes, thus making the craniofacial skeleton of S. clarki one of the best and most completely preserved among all known basal mesoeucrocodylians. In this report, we provide a detailed description of the entire head skeleton of S. clarki, including a portion of the hyobranchial apparatus. The two most complete and well-preserved specimens differ substantially in several size and shape variables (e.g., projections, angulations, and areas of ornamentation), suggestive of sexual dimorphism. -
Craniodental Anatomy of a New Late Cretaceous Multituberculate Mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2014 Craniodental anatomy of a new late cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia. Amir Subhash Sheth University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Anatomy Commons, and the Medical Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Sheth, Amir Subhash, "Craniodental anatomy of a new late cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia." (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1317. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1317 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CRANIODENTAL ANATOMY OF A NEW LATE CRETACEOUS MULTITUBERCULATE MAMMAL FROM UDAN SAYR, MONGOLIA By Amir Subhash Sheth B.A., Centre College, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Medicine of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky August 2014 CRANIODENTAL ANATOMY OF A NEW LATE CRETACEOUS MULTITUBERCULATE MAMMAL FROM UDAN SAYR, MONGOLIA By Amir Subhash Sheth B.A., Centre College, 2010 A Thesis Approved on July 18th, 2014 By the Following Thesis Committee: ________________________________ (Guillermo W. -
Cenomanian Turonian Coniacian Santonian Campanian
walteri aff. aff. spp. spp. imperfectus spp. (prisms) Chronostratigraphy Offshore Norway sp. 1 Geologic Time Scale 2012 Zonation (Gradstein et al., 1999, and this study) Allomorphina halli / pyriformis Sigmoilina antiqua Textularia Gavelinella intermeda gracillima Valvulineria Bulbobaculites problematicus Caudammina ovuloides Nuttallinella florealis Stensioeina granulata polonica Inoceramus Rzehakina minima Rzehakina epigona Fenestrella bellii Gaudryina filiformis Trochamminoides Haplophragmoides Gavelinella usakensis Caudammina ovula Coarse agglutinated spp. LCO dubia Tritaxia Plectorecurvoides alternans Reussella szajnochae Recurvoides Hippocrepina depressa Psammosphaera sphaerical radiolarians Ma Age/Stage Lingulogavelinella jarzevae elegans Lt NCF19 Maastrichtian volutus LCO 70 NCF18 E szajnochae dubia Lt 75 LCO of NCF17 Campanian Deep Water M Agglutinated 80 Foraminifera E bellii NCF16 Lt Inoceramus LCO NCF15 85 Santonian M E polonica NCF14 Lt Coniacian M E Marginotruncana NCF13 90 Lt Turonian M E Dicarinella NCF12 95 Lt brittonensis M NCF11 Cenomanian delrioensis LCO NCF10 E antiqua NCF9 100 Figure 2.8c. Stratigraphic ranges of Upper Cretaceous benthic foraminifera, and miscellaneous index taxa, oshore mid-Norway, with the foraminiferal zonation established in this study. s.l. Chronostratigraphy Offshore Norway Geologic Time Scale 2012 Zonation (Gradstein et al., 1999, and this study) Abathomphalus mayaroensis Pseudotextularia elegans Hedbergella planispira Hedbergella hoelzi Praeglobotruncana delrioensis Praeglobotruncana stephani -
New Paleocene Skeletons and the Relationship of Plesiadapiforms to Crown-Clade Primates
New Paleocene skeletons and the relationship of plesiadapiforms to crown-clade primates Jonathan I. Bloch*†, Mary T. Silcox‡, Doug M. Boyer§, and Eric J. Sargis¶ʈ *Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611; ‡Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9; §Department of Anatomical Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081; ¶Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520; and ʈDivision of Vertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Communicated by Alan Walker, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, November 30, 2006 (received for review December 6, 2005) Plesiadapiforms are central to studies of the origin and evolution preserved cranium of a paromomyid (10) seemed to independently of primates and other euarchontan mammals (tree shrews and support a plesiadapiform–dermopteran link, leading to the wide- flying lemurs). We report results from a comprehensive cladistic spread acceptance of this phylogenetic hypothesis. The evidence analysis using cranial, postcranial, and dental evidence including supporting this interpretation has been questioned (7, 9, 13, 15, 16, data from recently discovered Paleocene plesiadapiform skeletons 19, 20), but no previous study has evaluated the plesiadapiform– (Ignacius clarkforkensis sp. nov.; Dryomomys szalayi, gen. et sp. dermopteran link by using cranial, postcranial, and dental evidence, -
Ceratophrys Cranwelli) with Implications for Extinct Giant Frogs Scientific Reports, 2017; 7(1):11963-1-11963-10
PUBLISHED VERSION A. Kristopher Lappin, Sean C. Wilcox, David J. Moriarty, Stephanie A.R. Stoeppler, Susan E. Evans, Marc E.H. Jones Bite force in the horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) with implications for extinct giant frogs Scientific Reports, 2017; 7(1):11963-1-11963-10 © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Originally published at: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11968-6 PERMISSIONS http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 19th of April 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/110874 www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bite force in the horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) with implications for extinct giant frogs Received: 27 March 2017 A. Kristopher Lappin1, Sean C. Wilcox1,2, David J. Moriarty1, Stephanie A. R. Stoeppler1, Accepted: 1 September 2017 Susan E. -
Mammal and Plant Localities of the Fort Union, Willwood, and Iktman Formations, Southern Bighorn Basin* Wyoming
Distribution and Stratigraphip Correlation of Upper:UB_ • Ju Paleocene and Lower Eocene Fossil Mammal and Plant Localities of the Fort Union, Willwood, and Iktman Formations, Southern Bighorn Basin* Wyoming U,S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESS IONAL PAPER 1540 Cover. A member of the American Museum of Natural History 1896 expedition enter ing the badlands of the Willwood Formation on Dorsey Creek, Wyoming, near what is now U.S. Geological Survey fossil vertebrate locality D1691 (Wardel Reservoir quadran gle). View to the southwest. Photograph by Walter Granger, courtesy of the Department of Library Services, American Museum of Natural History, New York, negative no. 35957. DISTRIBUTION AND STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF UPPER PALEOCENE AND LOWER EOCENE FOSSIL MAMMAL AND PLANT LOCALITIES OF THE FORT UNION, WILLWOOD, AND TATMAN FORMATIONS, SOUTHERN BIGHORN BASIN, WYOMING Upper part of the Will wood Formation on East Ridge, Middle Fork of Fifteenmile Creek, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The Kirwin intrusive complex of the Absaroka Range is in the background. View to the west. Distribution and Stratigraphic Correlation of Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene Fossil Mammal and Plant Localities of the Fort Union, Willwood, and Tatman Formations, Southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming By Thomas M. Down, Kenneth D. Rose, Elwyn L. Simons, and Scott L. Wing U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1540 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert M. Hirsch, Acting Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.