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A New Snake of the Genus Ho/Ogerrhum Gur\\Her (Reptilia; Squamata; Colubridae) from Panay Island, Philippines

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A New Snake of the Genus Ho/Ogerrhum Gur\\Her (Reptilia; Squamata; Colubridae) from Panay Island, Philippines 2001 Asiatic Herpetological Research Vol. 9, pp. 9-22 A New Snake of the Genus Ho/ogerrhum Gur\\her (Reptilia; Squamata; Colubridae) from Panay Island, Philippines 1 - 2 3 2 - 4 5 Rafe M. Brown , Alan E. Leviton , John W. Ferner , and Rogelio V. Sison Section ofIntegrative Biology (C0930) and Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA. e-mail: [email protected]; Geier Collections and Research Center, Museum of Natural History and - Science, 1301 Western Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45203; Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. e-mail: [email protected]; Department of Biology, Thomas More College, Crestview Hills, Kentucky, 41017, USA. e-mail: [email protected]; Herpetology Section, Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Executive House, P. Burgos Street, Manila, Philippines, e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract.- We describe a new species of snake in the genus Hologerrhum from two forested localities in Antique Province, Panay Island, Philippines. To clarify species boundaries, we also redescribe its only known congener, H. philippinum, on the basis of historical collections and newly-acquired material from the Islands of Luzon, Marinduque, Polillo, and Catanduanes. The new species is the first Hologerrhum from the Visayan Aggregate Island Complex and differs from Hologerrhum philippinum in color pattern and scalation of head and body. The new species is one of several recently described vertebrates from Panay Island. Together, they indicate that forested regions of the individual islands of the Visayan Aggregate Island Complex (Negros, Panay, Cebu. Masbate, and other associated smaller islands) contain low levels of taxonomic endemicity that warrant further study. Key words.- Colubridae, Hologerrhum, Philippines, Panay Island, Visayas. Introduction a specimen reportedly from Java Island, Indonesia (Fig. IB). Fischer (1885) followed by recognizing Giinther (1858) erected the monotypic genus Holo- Cyclochorus lineatus var. maculatus reportedly from gerrhum to accommodate a single specimen from S. Mindanao Island, Philippines, but without refer- Hugh Cuming's Philippine collections that had been ence to new material. The type specimen of Cyclocho- deposited in the Natural History Museum, London rus maculatus later was shown to be a representative (Giinther, 1873; Fig. 1A). Giinther distinguished the of H. philippinum (Giinther, 1873. 1879; Boettger, new genus and species from members of the Philip- 1886; Taylor, 1922a), suggesting locality errors by pine genus Cyclocorus by the presence of slight both Jan and Sordelli and Fisher. Later, Leviton grooves in the enlarged fang-like teeth at the posterior (1965) inadvertently included Cyclochorus maculatus end of the maxilla. Other slight differences between in the synonymy of Cyclochorus lineatus. Hologerrhum and some species of Cyclocorus, not Castro de Elera (1895) emphasized by Giinther but mentioned by other work- reported Hologerrhum philippinum from Baco, Mindoro Island. This impor- ers (Taylor, 1922a, 1922b; Leviton, 1965). include tant specimen could not be examined as it was color pattern, slight scale pattern differences, and less destroyed during dissections by a biology class at the strongly enlarged middle series of maxillary teeth in of Santo Thomas, Manila I. Crombie, Hologerrhum. University (R. personal communication) but the "Mindoro" locality At the time of the description of Hologerrhum, no information suggests a misidentification of a speci- specific (island) locality data were available, but men of C. lineatus (Taylor, 1922a; Leviton. 1963, Giinther later (1879) referred a specimen from Placer, 1965). Griffin (1910) did not include Hologerrhum in northeast Mindanao Island to this species. That speci- his list of snakes from Polillo but did include the spe- men (not seen by us) apparently is a representative of cies in his key to the Philippine snakes (Griffin, 191 1), the genus Cyclocorus Taylor 1922c (vide Boulenger, although he erred in attributing the type description to 1896; see also comment by Taylor, 1 922a: 1 16). Boulenger and supplied no precise locality data. Jan and Sordelli (1870) described Cyclochorus maculatus (generic name misspelled), on the basis of Vol. 9, p. 10 Asiatic Herpetological Research 2001 It was not until E. H. Taylor's extensive work in is endemic to the Luzon Pleistocene Aggregate Island the Philippines that specimens of H. philippimtm with Complex (Fig. 2; sensu Heaney, 1986; Alcala, 1986; reliable locality data became available. Taylor (1922a, see also comments by Leviton, 1963). 1922b, 1922c, 1922d) that this consistently reported In 1992, while participating in the National was collected in montane habitats in species primary Museum of the Philippines/Cincinnati Natural His- forest and was associated with stream usually rocky tory Museum Philippine Biodiversity Inventory beds on Luzon and its satellite island of land-bridge (PNM/CMNH PBI), one of us (RMB) collected speci- Polillo 2). Still, (1922b:200) considered (Fig. Taylor mens of what appeared to be a distinctive new species the rare and only obtained in species eight specimens of snake, similar to but obviously specifically distinct two of continuous field work. years nearly from H. philippinum, at 1025 m elevation on the west During the nearly 80 years that have elapsed since face of Mt. Madja-as, Panay Island. In addition to rep- Taylor's work, several additional specimens of H. resenting a previously unrecognized species, this philippinum have been collected on Luzon and its specimen appears to be the first vouchered record for associated land-bridge islands (Marinduque, Polillo, the genus on the Visayan Aggregate Island Complex and Catanduanes; see Specimens Examined; Fig. 2). (Fig. 2; Heaney, 1986; Hall, 1996, 1998). During the During the same period, none have been found on course of this study we examined all available US and Mindanao, Mindoro, or any of the other Philippine Philippine museum collections of//, philippinum and islands, thus bolstering the notion that H. philippinum ;;*•, Figure I.The first illustrations of Hologerrhum. (A) Gunther's (1879) drawings of H. philippinum'and (B) Sordelli's plate of Cyclochorus maculatus (= H. philippinum) from Jan and Sordelli (1870). 2001 Asiatic Herpetological Research Vol. 9, p. used Dowling's (1951a. 1951b) methods for counting Less than 1 20 m * Balanes islands scales and expressing scale row reduction formulae, submarine contour and applied the Evolutionary Species Concept (Simp- 200 son. 1961: Wiley. 1978; Frost and Hillis. 1990) in km Babuyan islands making taxonomic decisions. Luzon - Species accounts Hologerrhum philippinum Gunther 1858 Polillo Mannduque Figures 3-6 ..' Catanduanes 1 858: 1 Hologerrhum philippinum. Gunther ( 86). Mindoro- Cyclochorus maculatus, Jan and Sordelli (1870:36; name the Busuanga jj generic misspelled; specimen illustrated is H. philippinum with doubtful locality Palawan data). Leyle .10" Hologerrhum philippinum. Gunther (1873: 171: specimen is a member of the genus Cyclocorus. vide Boulenger. 1896). Cyclochorus lineatus var. maculatus Fischer. 1885:81. Hologerrhum philippinum, Boettger (1886:115) Mindanao Castro De Elera (1895:438: specimen probably Cyclocorus lineatus): Boulenger (1896:33); Taylor (1922a:116; I922b:200, 1922c:138); Ross and • Hologerrhum philippinum if Hologerrhum dermali Gonzales (1991:67); Brown et al. (1996:13). Figure 2. Map of the Philippine islands with the major Hologerrum philippinum Griffin. 1911:263 Pleistocene island indicated aggregate platforms by (generic name misspelled). the position of the 120 m underwater bathymetric con- Diagnosis: H. philippinum differs from its conge- tour (following Heaney, 1986); known collection locali- ner, H. dermali, by (1) the presence of 12-30 (vs. 7- ties of the two species of Hologerrhum are indicated. 10) of black on nuchal Darkened circles represent collection localities for pairs alternating spots region and anterior dorsum. a to salmon Hologerrhum philippinum'Gunther, 1858, stars are (2) pale orange (vs. localities for Hologerrhum derma/mew species. bright yellow) venter, (3) absence (vs. presence) of a black midventral stripe. (4) labials cream or yellow n. In this we redescrihe H. Hologerrhum sp. paper, (vs. labials bright white with thin midlabial black and describe the new from philippinum species Panay. stripe). (5) dorsum tan to orangish brown or dark brick red (vs. dark purplish brown), (6) chin and Material and Methods throat of adults pale tan to orange, immaculate or with faint white spots in some specimens (vs. darker pur- We surveyed the forested slopes of Mt. Madja-as from plish brown with black and white ocelli), (7) invari- 6 April- 1 May 1992, utilizing elevational transects as able of moderate to al. presence enlarged pretemporal described by Ruedas et ( 1994) and as modified by (length more than half that of secondary temporal; vs. Brown et al. (1995, 1996, in press; Ferner et al., this pretemporal reduced or absent), and (8) posterior tips issue). Sampling techniques employed a variety of of parietals extend caudally, posterior parietal suture search and trapping methods, including multiple-per- forming a medially inverted V-shaped cleft (vs. poste- son time-constrained searches, sticky traps, and pit- rior portions of parietals squared off. with no medial fall traps (Simmons. 1987). Specimens were fixed in I07t buffered formalin and transferred to 70% ethanol cleft). ventrals approximately
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