DOCSLIB.ORG

Mcdonnell.Danielle Phd.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mcdonnell.Danielle Phd.Pdf Northumbria Research Link Citation: McDonnell, Danielle (2016) 'by force and against her will': Rape in law and literature, 1700-1765. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University. This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/36207/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html ‘by force and against her will’: Rape in Law and Literature, 1700-1765 D R MCDONNELL PhD 2016 ‘by force and against her will’: Rape in Law and Literature, 1700-1765 DANIELLE REBECCA MCDONNELL A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research undertaken in the Faculty of Arts, Design & Social Sciences October 2016 2 ABSTRACT Danielle McDonnell, ‘by force and against her will’: Rape in Law and Literature, 1700- 1765 Under the supervision of Richard Terry and Claudine van Hensbergen This thesis examines the relationship between fictional depictions of rape and legal and social realities between 1700 and 1765, and argues that these contexts are essential to reconstruct contemporary understandings of rape in this period. Rape was presented differently in legislation, legal texts, trials and literature, reflecting the varied ideas of what constituted a rape. The research begins by asking why the statutory definition of rape was inconsistent with legal practice, and how clear the legal conventions of rape were in contemporary society. This leads to a series of case studies investigating why Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, Tobias Smollett and Samuel Richardson were interested in rape, how their depictions of rape relate to legal realities and were informed by their own legal knowledge, and what form of interpretation the authors invite. The geographical focus on London is occasioned by the selection of trials, largely heard at the Old Bailey, and texts published in London, but acknowledges the wider national readership for the texts and trials, which were often reported in the press and/or published. The historical parameters reflect the decline in standardized legal education and increased reliance on legal texts from 1700, and the lack of a significant contemporary legal treatise to guide interpretations of statutory and common law until the publication of William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769). This study contributes to existing scholarship on rape in the eighteenth century. Criticism in this area has begun to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to this subject. This thesis combines legal and non-legal sources to inform its analysis, suggesting that critical approaches need to use a wider range of sources to reconstruct the context in which contemporary portrayals of rape were situated. Part two of this thesis offers new readings of canonical works, showing how Pope, Defoe, Richardson, Smollett and Fielding engaged with wider contextual legal discourse in their works, and explores their reasons for doing so. These case studies assert the importance of legal and social contexts, offer new ways of interpreting rape in literature, and show that literary authors negotiated and presented ideas of rape in a variety of ways in their texts, influencing public perceptions of the nature and illegality of such acts. 3 Declaration I declare that the work contained in this thesis has not been submitted for any other award and that it is all my own work. I also confirm that this work fully acknowledges opinions, ideas and contributions from the work of others. Any ethical clearance for the research presented in this thesis has been approved. Approval has been sought and granted by the Faculty Ethics Committee on 6.10.2015, reference RE12-12-121558. I declare that the Word Count of this Thesis is 70,355 words. Name: Danielle Rebecca McDonnell Signature: Date: 26.10.2016 4 Contents Page number Acknowledgements 7 Conventions 8 List of Abbreviations 8 List of Illustrations 9 Introduction 10-38 I. Literature review II. Thesis structure Part I: Rape in the Law, Legal Rhetoric and Trial Reports, 39-116 1700- 1765 Preface 39-42 Chapter One: ‘the King prohibiteth that none do ravish’: Rape in 43-66 Legislation, Judicial Practice and Legal Texts I. Rape trial procedure II. Stare decisis, legal training and legal texts III. Transformations in judicial practice Chapter Two: ‘The Rape-Master-General of Great Britain’: 67-116 Published Records of the Charteris Trial in the 1730s I. Events of the trial in the press II. Reading the trial III. Pardoning ‘the devil’ IV. Charteris’ ‘sapless carcass’ V. The ‘hapless Maid’? Part II: Rape and the Law in Fiction, 1712-1751 117-242 Preface 117-119 5 Chapter Three: ‘painted fragments’: Sexual Imagery, Rape Myths 120-151 and Transformations in Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock (1712) I. The ‘Rape’ of Belinda II. Belinda and rape myths III. Belinda’s reputation and classical myths IV. Transformations V. Callisto’s and Belinda’s legacies Chapter Four: ‘put[ting] her Handmaid to-Bed’: 152 -176 Aiding and Abetting Rape in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana (1724) I. ‘Amy’s Disaster’: Defining rape in the common law II. Reading Roxana as an aider and abettor to rape III. Roxana’s guilt Chapter Five: ‘the scene of a rape in good earnest’: Rape and 177-206 Public Spaces in Henry Fielding’s Rape upon Rape (1730) and Joseph Andrews (1742), and Tobias Smollett’s Roderick Random (1748) and Peregrine Pickle (1751) I. Rape in the streets II. Rape and the highway III. Rape at the inn Chapter Six: Clarissa’s Rape ‘-vulgarly so called’: Women, 207-242 Language and Voice in Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa (1748) I. Legal knowledge and women in Clarissa II. Classifying the crime: seduction, rape or ravishment? III. Clarissa’s voice and viva voce IV. Rape in Letters and the Collection V. Pollution, death, and Richardson’s justice Conclusion 243-251 Bibliography 252-273 6 Acknowledgments My interest in the relationship between the law, legal texts and literature has evolved from my previous research interests in how and why the crime of obscene libel was legally prosecuted in the mid-eighteenth century, and the legal suppression of seditious libel in the late seventeenth century. These studies have developed my interest in, and understanding of, eighteenth-century laws, judiciary and trial procedure, which has supported my research for this thesis. First and foremost, I wish to thank my supervisor, Professor Richard Terry, without whom none of this would have been possible. He has supported me to develop my interest in law and literature in the eighteenth century since my undergraduate studies, and during this research has been an unfailing source of expertise and encouragement. Similarly, Dr. Claudine van Hensbergen has been a fabulous member of my supervision team, who has provided a new insight into, and welcome challenges to, my ideas, whilst always encouraging me to progress. My profound gratitude also goes to Northumbria University who provided the financial support to enable me to pursue this thesis through a studentship, and the research culture which has influenced my work. Many members of the student body and lecturers within the English and Law departments have contributed to this research through discussion and resources, and I would like to extend my thanks to them all. Finally, but by no means least, a special thanks go to my mum and son for their unfailing support and encouragement: I dedicate this thesis to them. 7 Conventions Whilst the primary sources cited have been accurately transcribed, the texts have occasionally been adjusted to allow for the quotations to be embedded and the long ‘s’ of eighteenth-century typography has been replaced with the modern conventional ‘s’. List of Abbreviations d. pence s. shilling JP Justice of the Peace TNA The National Archives NAS The National Archives Scotland PRO Public Records Office C Court of Chancery KB Court of King’s (or Queen’s) Bench 8 List of Illustrations Figure. Content. Thesis page number. Figure 1. Giles Jacob, A Treatise of Laws (London: T. 56 Woodward and J. Peele, 1721) p.172. Figure 2. John Breval, The Lure of Venus: Or, A 111 Harlot’s Progress (London: s.n., 1733) p.1. Figure 3. John Breval, The Lure of Venus: Or, A 112 Harlot’s Progress (London: s.n., 1733) p.10. Figure 4. John Breval, The Lure of Venus: Or, A 113 Harlot’s Progress (London: s.n., 1733) p.16. Figure 5. John Breval, The Lure of Venus: Or, A 113 Harlot’s Progress (London: s.n., 1733) p.22. Figure 6. John Breval, The Lure of Venus: Or, A 114 Harlot’s Progress (London: s.n., 1733) p.23. 9 Introduction ‘The Nature of a Rape is so very perplex’d’, comments the anonymous author of The case of the Ld. John Drummond (1715) in reporting the 1715 trials of Lord John Drummond and Captain Hugh Lesson for rape.1 The lack of clarity in the period about the ‘Nature’ of the act is striking.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Should Rape Shield Laws Bar Proof That the Alleged Victim Has Made Similar, False Rape Accusations in the Past?: Fair Symmetry with the Rape Sword Laws Edward J
    The University of the Pacific Law Review Volume 47 Issue 4 Symposium: Sex Crimes & Offenses in an Era Article 9 of Reform 1-1-2016 Should Rape Shield Laws Bar Proof that the Alleged Victim Has Made Similar, False Rape Accusations in the Past?: Fair Symmetry With the Rape Sword Laws Edward J. Imwinkelried University of California, Davis Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uoplawreview Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the Criminal Procedure Commons Recommended Citation Edward J. Imwinkelried, Should Rape Shield Laws Bar Proof that the Alleged Victim Has Made Similar, False Rape Accusations in the Past?: Fair Symmetry With the Rape Sword Laws, 47 U. Pac. L. Rev. 709 (2017). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uoplawreview/vol47/iss4/9 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Law Reviews at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The nivU ersity of the Pacific Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Should Rape Shield Laws Bar Proof that the Alleged Victim Has Made Similar, False Rape Accusations in the Past?: Fair Symmetry With the Rape Sword Laws Edward J. Imwinkelried* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 710 II. A DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL THEORIES THAT DEFENSE COUNSEL HAVE USED TO ATTACK THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF APPLICATIONS OF THE RAPE SHIELD LAWS EXCLUDING EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE ............... 718 A. Theories that Have Garnered Little or No Legislative or Judicial Support .................................................................................................. 718 B. Theories that Are So Strong that Legislatures Have Recognized the Theories by Codifying Them in Their Rape Shield Statutes .................
    [Show full text]
  • Case: 4:11-Cv-00454-DCN Doc #: 40 Filed: 03/28/14 1 of 46. Pageid
    Case: 4:11-cv-00454-DCN Doc #: 40 Filed: 03/28/14 1 of 46. PageID #: <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO EASTERN DIVISION JOHN E. WOLFF, JR., ) CASE NO. 4:11-cv-0454 ) Petitioner, ) JUDGE NUGENT ) v. ) MAGISTRATE JUDGE VECCHIARELLI ) TERRY TIBBALS, ) ) REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION Respondent. ) This matter is before the magistrate judge pursuant to Local Rule 72.2(b)(2). Before the court is the petition of John E. Wolff, Jr., (“Petitioner”) for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Petitioner is in the custody of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction pursuant to journal entry of sentence in the case of State of Ohio vs. Wolff, Case No. 06-CR-978 (Mahoning County Aug. 29, 2007). (Doc. No. 23-10.) For the reasons set forth below, it is recommended that the petition be dismissed with prejudice. I. Relevant Factual Background The state appellate court that reviewed Petitioner’s conviction and sentence recited the following facts: On September 14, 2006, Wolff was indicted on ten counts of rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b)(B), special felony (Counts 1-10); three counts of rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2)(B), 1st degree felony (Counts 11-13); five counts of gross sexual imposition, in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4)(B), 3rd degree felony (Counts 14-18); and two counts of gross sexual imposition, in violation of R.C. Case: 4:11-cv-00454-DCN Doc #: 40 Filed: 03/28/14 2 of 46.
    [Show full text]
  • Legitimate Concern: the Assault on the Concept of Rape
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Via Sapientiae: The Institutional Repository at DePaul University DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 9-2013 Legitimate concern: the assault on the concept of rape Matthew David Burgess DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Burgess, Matthew David, "Legitimate concern: the assault on the concept of rape" (2013). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 153. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/153 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Legitimate Concern: The Assault on the Concept of Rape A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Matthew David Burgess June 2013 Women’s and Gender Studies College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois 1 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….3 A Brief Legal History of Rape………………………………………………………………….....6 -Rape Law in the United States Prior to 1800…………………………………………….7 -The WCTU and
    [Show full text]
  • These De Doctorat De L'universite De Nantes Comue Universite Bretagne Loire
    THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE DE NANTES COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 595 Arts, Lettres, Langues Spécialité : Anglais – Littérature britannique XIXe siècle Par Aude PETIT MARQUIS Les mères et la maternité dans les œuvres de George Eliot et d’Elizabeth Gaskell Thèse présentée et soutenue à la FLCE, en salle du conseil à l’Université de Nantes, le 18 octobre 2019. Unité de recherche : CRINI (EA 1162) Thèse N° : Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Nathalie Jaëck Professeure des Universités, Université de Bordeaux 3 Michel de Montaigne Nathalie Vanfasse Professeure des Universités, Aix Marseille Université Composition du Jury : Présidente : Nathalie Jaëck Professeure des Universités, Université de Bordeaux 3 Michel de Montaigne Examinateurs : Pierre Carboni Professeur des Universités, Université de Nantes Fabienne Gaspari Maîtresse de Conférences HDR, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour Nathalie Vanfasse Professeure des Universités, Aix Marseille Université Dir. de thèse : Georges Letissier Professeur des Universités, Université de Nantes 1 2 Remerciements Je tiens en premier lieu à exprimer toute ma gratitude à mon directeur de thèse, Monsieur le Professeur Georges Letissier, qui a dirigé ce travail au cours de toutes ces années. Je lui dois tout d’abord l’idée de ce projet, suggérée un jour à l’occasion d’un entretien dans son bureau lors de mon entrée en Master. Je voudrais également le remercier pour son soutien, sa disponibilité constante, ses conseils de lecture et ses remarques qui n’ont cessé d’éclairer et de nourrir ma pensée. Son travail sur la littérature victorienne et sa réflexion ont toujours été pour moi source d’inspiration.
    [Show full text]
  • A Harlot's Progress Series 22 2.2.1
    MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit: Iain Bell’s A Harlot’s Progress: A Dramaturgical Analysis of the Journey from Engravings to Opera verfasst von Margarethe Satorius angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 581 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Mediengeschichte Betreut von: Ass.-Prof. Dr. Isolde Schmid-Reiter Diana Damrau as Moll Hackabout in Iain Bell and Peter Ackroyd’s A Harlot’s Progress: world premiere at Theater an der Wien, October 2013 (Image © Werner Kmetitsch) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. HISTORY OF THE PIECE 9 2.1. William Hogarth and British Capitalism of the Early 18th Century 10 2.1.1. Biography of the Artist 10 2.1.2. Development of a New British Capitalism 15 2.2. William Hogarth's A Harlot's Progress Series 22 2.2.1. Historical Influences 23 2.2.2. Adaptations of the Harlot Narrative 27 3. IAIN BELL’S A HARLOT’S PROGRESS OPERA 36 3.1. Conception and Realization 36 3.1.1. Theater an der Wien Commission 36 3.1.2. Transmedial Adaptation 38 3.2. Dramaturgy 43 3.2.1. Comedy 46 3.2.2. Tragedy 51 3.3. Music 61 3.3.1. Character 61 3.3.2. Correlation Between Structure, Character, and Setting 68 3.3.3. Dramaturgical Significance of Orchestral Silence 72 4. CRITICAL RECEPTION 76 APPENDICES 89 BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 Primary Sources 169 Secondary Sources 170 2 ABSTRACT 176 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 177 CURRICULUM VITAE 178 3 Foreword In the autumn of 2013 I was fortunate to join the world premiere production of Iain Bell and Peter Ackroyd’s A Harlot’s Progress at the Theater an der Wien.
    [Show full text]
  • Adult Rape Victims Should Be Permitted to Testify by Closed- Circuit Television
    Criminal Law Practitioner Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 5 2015 Adult Rape Victims Should Be Permitted to Testify by Closed- Circuit Television Matthew Marthaler American University Washington College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/clp Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Marthaler, Matthew (2015) "Adult Rape Victims Should Be Permitted to Testify by Closed-Circuit Television," Criminal Law Practitioner: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/clp/vol3/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Criminal Law Practitioner by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Marthaler: Adult Rape Victims Should Be Permitted to Testify by Closed-Circu Criminal Law Practitioner ADULT RAPE VICTIMS SHOULD BE PERMITTED TO TESTIFY BY CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION By Matthew Marthaler Whether the victim may use CCTV has not been determined by the Courts and is still a lingering is- 1. Introduction sue. CCTV is a procedure where the victim, defense attorney, and prosecutor are in a separate room April is eighteen years old and excited to from the defendant while the victim testifies under start her life by going to college. However, in her oath to direct and cross examination
    [Show full text]
  • Kit-Cat Related Poetry
    ‘IN AND OUT’: AN ANALYSIS OF KIT-CAT CLUB MEMBERSHIP (Web Appendix to The Kit-Cat Club by Ophelia Field, 2008) There are four main primary sources with regard to the membership of the Kit-Cat Club – Abel Boyer’s 1722 list,1 John Oldmixon’s 1735 list,2 a Club subscription list dated 1702,3 and finally the portraits painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller between 1697 and 1721 (as well as the 1735 Faber engravings of these paintings). None of the sources agree. Indeed, only the membership of four men (Dr Garth, Lord Cornwallis, Spencer Compton and Abraham Stanyan) is confirmed by all four of these sources. John Macky, a Whig journalist and spy, was the first source for the statement that the Club could have no more than thirty-nine members at any one time,4 and Malone and Spence followed suit.5 It is highly unlikely that there were so many members at the Kit-Cat’s inception, however, and membership probably expanded with changes of venue, especially around 1702–3. By 1712–14, all surviving manuscript lists of toasted ladies total thirty-nine, suggesting that there was one lady toasted by each member and therefore that Macky was correct.6 The rough correlation between the dates of expulsions/deaths and the dates of new admissions (such as the expulsion of Prior followed by the admission of Steele in 1705) also supports the hypothesis that at some stage a cap was set on the size of the Club. Allowing that all members were not concurrent, most sources estimate between forty- six and fifty-five members during the Club’s total period of activity.7 There are forty- four Kit-Cat paintings, but Oldmixon, who got his information primarily from his friend Arthur Maynwaring, lists forty-six members.
    [Show full text]
  • Commentary on Economics, the State of the Anglican Clergy, and Mental Illness
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER’S HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENTS OF ENGLISH AND HISTORY PAMELA IN CONTEXT: COMMENTARY ON ECONOMICS, THE STATE OF THE ANGLICAN CLERGY, AND MENTAL ILLNESS JAMES ETHAN DAVIDSON SPRING, 2020 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in English and history with interdisciplinary honors in English and history Reviewed and approved* by the following: Carla J. Mulford Professor of English Thesis Supervisor Cathleen D. Cahill Associate Professor of History Honors Adviser Christopher Reed Distinguished Professor of English and Visual Studies Affiliate Faculty in Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies Honors Adviser * Electronic approvals are on file. i ABSTRACT Samuel Richardson’s novel, Pamela, offers insight on several of the most important topics and events of eighteenth-century English culture and history. A contextual analysis of the novel reveals that it provides commentary on the economic devastation that followed the collapse of the so-called South Sea Bubble, the state of the Anglican church throughout Richardson’s lifetime, and growing British anxiety about suicide and depression. By framing his novel as an instrument of pedagogy, Richardson invites readers to a fictional entertainment that also converses with the readership about life’s contingencies and difficulties. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prosecuting Adult Rape and Sexual Assault Cases
    UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL VIOLENCE Prosecuting Adult Rape and Sexual Assault Cases 2001 National Judicial Education Program* *A project of Legal Momentum in cooperation with the National Association of Women Judges Understanding Sexual Violence Prosecuting Adult Rape and Sexual Assault Cases National Judicial Education Program, Legal Momentum Copyright © 2001 Legal Momentum National Judicial Education Program* Lynn Hecht Schafran, Esq. Director Roberta Maria Baldini, Esq. Project Attorney Claudia J. Bayliff, Esq. Project Attorney Alison L. Stankus Program Assistant Marta Brodsky, Aimee Fitzpatrick, and Zabrina Rodriguez Legal Interns Kimberly Bachechi, Soni Midha, Sarah Spencer, and Andy Shie Kee Wong Interns With additional support provided by: Robin C. Mathiesen, Danielle Di Novelli-Lang, Dalia Moss, Amarah K. Sedreddine, and Amita Y. Swadhin *A project of Legal Momentum in cooperation with the National Association of Women Judges © 2001 National Judicial Education Program ii Understanding Sexual Violence Prosecuting Adult Rape and Sexual Assault Cases National Judicial Education Program, Legal Momentum Copyright © 2001 Legal Momentum Funding This program was developed with funding from the Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Violence Against Women Office. Funding for the interns was provided by the Everett Foundation and the Helena Rubenstein Foundation. American Prosecutors Research Institute Newman Flanagan, President Steve Dillingham, Chief Administrator George Ross, Director, Grants Management Debra Whitcomb, Director, Grant Programs & Development APRI's Violence Against Women Unit Lisa Kreeger, Program Manager Tracy Bahm, Senior Attorney Susan Kennedy, Senior Attorney Millicent Shaw, Staff Attorney Tamara Kitchen, Administrative Assistant Funding APRI is most grateful to the Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs' Violence Against Women Office for their financial support of the project.
    [Show full text]
  • 0,1Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-Known British Poets, Vol. 3 George Gilfillan
    0,1Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British Poets, Vol. 3 George Gilfillan The Project Gutenberg EBook of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British Poets, Vol. 3, by George Gilfillan #4 in our series by George Gilfillan Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British Poets, Vol. 3 Author: George Gilfillan Release Date: January, 2006 [EBook #9669] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on October 14, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LESS-KNOWN BRITISH POETS, VOL. 3 *** Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Marc D'Hooghe and the PG Online Distributed Proofreaders Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download.
    [Show full text]
  • The Criminal Trial Before the Lawyers John H
    The I University of Chicago Law Review VOLUME 45 NUMBER 2 WINTER 1978 The Criminal Trial before the Lawyers John H. Langbeint The common law criminal trial is dominated by the lawyers for prosecution and defense. In the prototypical case of serious crime (felony), counsel take the active role in shaping the litigation and proving the facts for a passive trier. Continental observers, accus- tomed to a nonadversarial trial in which the court itself has an active role in adducing evidence to inform its own judgment, regard our lawyerized criminal trial as a striking Anglo-American peculiar- ity. We seldom appreciate that this lawyerized criminal trial looks as striking from the perspective of our own legal history as from that of comparative law. It developed relatively late in a context other- wise ancient. Whereas much of our trial procedure has medieval antecedents, prosecution and defense counsel cannot be called regu- lar until the second half of the eighteenth century. In our historical literature the relative newness of our adversary t Professor of Law, The University of Chicago. This article results from a period of research in 1977 that was made possible by a Human- ities Research Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities, and by the grant of research funds from the University of Chicago Law School. I wish to record my gratitude to the Endowment and to Dean Norval Morris and the Law School for their support. I also wish to express my thanks to the Warden and Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford, for permitting me to work as a Visiting Fellow of the College.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature in Context: a Chronology, C1660­1825
    Literature in Context: A Chronology, c1660­1825 Entries referring directly to Thomas Gray appear in bold type­face. 1660 Restoration of Charles II. Patents granted to re­open London theatres. Actresses admitted onto the English and German stage. Samuel Pepys begins his diary (1660­ 1669). Birth of Sir Hans Sloane (1660­1753), virtuoso and collector. Vauxhall Gardens opened. Death of Velàzquez (1559­1660), artist. 1661 Birth of Daniel Defoe (c1661­1731), writer. Birth of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661­1720), writer. Birth of Sir Samuel Garth (1661­1719). Louis XIV crowned in France (reigns 1661­1715). 1662 Publication of Butler’s “Hudibras” begins. The Royal Society is chartered. Death of Blaise Pascal (1623­1662), mathematician and philosopher. Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza and receives Tangier and Bombay as part of the dowry. Peter Lely appointed Court Painter. Louis XIV commences building at Versailles with Charles Le Brun as chief adviser. 1663 Milton finishes “Paradise Lost”. Publication of the Third Folio edition of Shakespeare. The Theatre Royal, Bridges Street, opened on the Drury Lane site with a revival of Fletcher’s “The Humorous Lieutenant”. Birth of Cotton Mather (1663­1728), American preacher and writer. 1664 Birth of Sir John Vanbrugh (1664­1726), dramatist and architect. Birth of Matthew Prior (1664­1721), poet. Lully composes for Molière’s ballets. “Le Tartuffe” receives its first performance. English forces take New Amsterdam and rename it New York. Newton works on Theory of Gravity (1664­1666). 1665 The Great Plague breaks out in London. Newton invents differential calculus. The “Journal des Savants”, the first literary periodical, is published in Paris.
    [Show full text]