An Introduction to the Black History Resource

Black History Month is celebrated in the UK, the United States of America and Canada. It provides an opportunity to remember important people and events in the history of the African people.

Every October Sunderland City Council arranges a programme of literature and arts activities that celebrate freedom and cultural diversity. The Black History Community Education Resource has been commissioned to support this programme.

The programme of activities during Black History Month has grown in recent years, both through new ideas and links we have developed within Sunderland and the North East of England as well as through opportunities which have been opened up through our international connections including our Friendship Agreement with Washington DC.

Through this unique historical connection with the capital of the United States we have had opportunities to learn more about African American history, about slavery - including George Washington’s attitude to slavery - and about the fight for emancipation and civil rights in Washington DC.

As a city we have many links to Africa within our community and we are keen to celebrate all the different nationalities and cultures which make such a significant contribution to life in Sunderland. We are also proud to have been a Fairtrade city since 2006 and to be developing new links with Africa such as Sunderland AFC’s partnership with the Nelson Mandela Foundation.

This new educational resource brings together information, images and activities to help us engage even more with Black History Month and think more about the many ways it is important to us all - both in our day to day lives as individuals, and to us as a city.

Enjoy!

Councillor Paul Watson Leader of Sunderland City Council

Page 1 of 16 The Black History Education Resource can be used to support Knowledge and Understanding in Citizenship. Teachers can use the content of the resource to create their own Programme of Learning for Upper KS2 and KS3 pupils.

The resource has four sections:

George Washington: An insight into George Washington’s life and his views on slavery.

Sunderland’s Black History: The history of slavery particularly in relation to Sunderland.

Same but Different: An historical look at the African and African American visitors to Sunderland.

What Can I Do?: An overview of some of Sunderland’s current links with Africa and African people, including with African Americans through the Friendship Agreement with Washington DC

Citizenship 2013

The current national curriculum programmes of study for citizenship at KS3 has been misapplied with effect from 1 September 2013 and is no longer statutory. This means that schools are free to develop their own curricula for citizenship that best meet the needs of their pupils, in preparation for the introduction of the new national curriculum from September 2014.

Citizenship remains a compulsory national curriculum subject at KS3. New statutory programmes of study will be introduced from September 2014.

Citizenship from 2014

Purpose of study

“A high-quality citizenship education helps to provide pupils with knowledge, skills and understanding to prepare them to play a full and active part in society. In particular, citizenship education should foster pupils’ keen awareness of how the United Kingdom is governed and how its laws are made and upheld.”

Page 2 of 16 Relevant Aims

• Acquire a sound knowledge and understanding of how the United Kingdom is governed, its political system and how citizens participate actively in its democratic systems of government. • Develop a sound knowledge and understanding of the role of law and the justice system in our society and how laws are shaped and enforced. • Develop an interest in, and commitment to, volunteering that they will take with them into adulthood.

The content of this resource can also be used to create a presentation, performance or event to celebrate Black History Month.

Page 3 of 16 Reading List 1

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Half of a Yellow Sun In 1960’s Nigeria, a country blighted by Civil War, three lives intersect. Ugwu, a boy from a poor village, works as a houseboy for a university professor. Olanna, a young woman, has abandoned her life of privilege in Lagos to live with her charismatic new lover, the professor. The third is Richard, a shy Englishman in thrall to Olanna’s enigmatic twin sister. When the shocking horror of the war engulfs them, their loyalties are severely tested in ways that none of them imagined...

Monica Ali Brick Lane Nazeen’s inauspicious entry to the world, an apparent stillbirth on the hard mud floor of a Bangladeshi village hut, imbues in her a sense of fatalism that she carries across the continents when she is married of to Chanu. Her life in London’s Tower Hamlets is, on the surface, calm. For years, keeping house and rearing children, she does what is expected of her. Yet Nazeen walks a tightrope stretched between her daughters’ embarrassment and her husband’s resentments.

Nadeem Aslam Maps for Lost Lovers In an unnamed town Jugnu and his lover Chanda have disappeared. Rumours abound in the close-knit Pakistani community, and then on a snow- covered January morning Chanda’s brothers are arrested for murder. Maps for Lost Lovers tell the story of the next twelve months. What follows is an unravelling of all that is sacred to Jugnu’s brother and sister-in-law.

Malorie Blackman Noughts and Crosses Callum is a nought- a second class citizen in a world run by the ruling Crosses... Sephy is a Cross, daughter of one of the most powerful men in the country... In their world, noughts and Crosses simply don’t mix. And as hostility turns to violence, can Callum and Sephy possibly find a way to be together? They are determined to try. And then the bomb explodes...

Amit Chaudhuri Real Time In these wry, lyrical stories, men, women, children, and even gods try to maintain their dignity and make sense of their lives, amid the jostling loneliness and cultural upheaval of post-post- Independence India. Whether it’s an embarrassed schoolboy standing up to the tyranny of disco, a conventional housewife inspired to write her memoirs, a businessman attending memorial rites for a young suicide, or two divorcees about to enter into an arranged marriage, the portraits that Chaudhuri draws from India’s new middle class are studies in heartbreaking awkwardness and hard-won grace.

Page 4 of 16 Amit Chaudhuri The Immortals Shyamji has music in his blood, for his father was the acclaimed ‘heavenly signer’ and guru, Ram Lal. But Shyam Lal is not his father, and knows he never will be.

Amit Chaudhuri Three Novels A Strange and Sublime Address, Afternoon Raag and Freedom Song are all stories about Indian life.

Austin Clark The Polished Hoe Bimshire, 1952. The sergeant of the island’s police force is called to hear a murderous confession. A lifetime of tragic compromise told in a single night. Layers of disturbing history unfold as Mary-Mathilda- fair –skinned mistress of plantation manager Mr Bellfeels- weaves her intimate story of passion, motherhood and loss, culminating in a gruesome revenge.

Anita Desai Baumgartner’s Bombay In his shabby flat behind the Taj Hotel in Bombay, surrounded by his family of stray cats and fading postcards, Hugo Baumgartner lives out his final years in familiar solitude and comfortable squalor. The tides of war that swept him from Nazi Germany to the shores of India fifty years before have left him washed up in this corner of a foreign city among his memories and his dreams. One morning he finds a stranger in his local café, a young German clearly in trouble, Baumgartner feels he has clearly no alternative but to befriend him.

Anita Desai Clear Light of Day To the family living in the shabby, dusty house in Delhi, Tara’s visit brings a sharp reminder of life outside tradition. For Bim coping endlessly with their problems, there is a renewal of the old jealousies for, unlike her sister, she has failed to escape.

Anita Desai Fasting, Feasting Uma, the plain, spinster daughter of a close-knit Indian family, is trapped at home, smothered by her overbearing parents and their traditions, unlike her ambitious younger sister Aruna, who brings off a ‘good’ marriage, and brother Arun, the disappointing son and heir who is studying abroad

Anita Desai Journey to Ithaca. Like so many other young Western people in the 60’s and 70’s, Matteo leaves his home on the Italian lakes to search for a spiritual enlightenment in the ashrams of India. Practical, down-to- earth Sophie accompanies him but does not find the mysterious Mother as inspiring a guru as he does.

Page 5 of 16 Anita Desai The Village by the Sea With their mother ill and their father permanently drunk, Hari and Lila have to earn the money to keep the house and look after their two young sisters. In desperation, Hari runs away to Bombay, and Lila is left to cope alone.

Anita Desai The ZigZag Way Eric is an uncertain, awkward young man, a would-be writer, and a traveller in spite of himself. Happy to follow his more confident girlfriend to Mexico, he is overwhelmed with sensory overload, but gradually seduced –by the strangeness, the colour, the mysteries of an older world. He finds himself in a ‘ghost’ mining town, now barley inhabited, where almost a hundred years earlier young Cornish miners worked the rich seams in the earth. Until Pancho Villa and revolution cam to Mexico...

Kiran Desai Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard The delightful story of Sampath Chawla, bored post-office clerk and dreamer, who takes to the branches of a secluded guava tree in search of the contemplative life- only to find something rather different...

Kiran Desai The Inheritance of Loss In the north-eastern Himalayas, at the foot of Mount Kanchenjunga, in a crumbling isolated house, there lives a cantankerous old judge, who wants nothing more than to retire in peace. But with the arrival of his orphaned granddaughter, Sai and the son of his chatty cook trying to make his way in the US and stay ahead of the immigration services, this is far from easy.

Roopa Farooki Bitter Sweets In 1950s Bengal, Henna Rub, a precocious, wayward teenager, brings off a brilliant marriage to a wealthy romantic, Ricky Karim, trapping him with a web of lies that she has spun with her wheeler-dealer father. And on his wedding night, believing himself married to an educated, sonnet-reading, tennis-playing soul mate, Ricky is horrified to discover that his new bride is in fact a lazy, illiterate, shopkeeper’s daughter.

Aminatta Forna The Memory of Love Adrian Lockheart is a psychologist escaping his life in England. Arriving in Freetown in the wake of the civil war, he struggles with the intensity of the heat, dirt and dust, and with the secrets this country hides. Despite the gulf of experience and understanding between them, Adrian finds unexpected friendship in a young surgeon at the hospital, the charismatic Kai Mansaray, and begins to build a new life just as kai makes plans to leave.

Page 6 of 16 Mike Gayle Dinner for Two Music journalist Dave Harding has got it all: a nice flat, a cushy job, and freedom from having a babysitter when he wants to go out for an intimate dinner for two with his perfect partner, Izzy. Except Dave’s biological clock has started ticking. And when the magazine he works for folds, events are set in motion that will give birth to a whole new set of problems.

Mike Gayle His ‘N’ Hers From their first meeting at the student union over a decade ago, Jim andAlison successfully navigated their way through first dates, meeting parents, moving in together and more.Then they split up and divided their worldly goods into his ‘n’ hers. Now, three years on and with new lives and new loves, they couldn’t be happier. Until a chance encounter throws them back together, and causes them to embark on a journey through their past to ask themselves the big question: where did it all go wrong, and is it too late to put it all right?

Mike Gayle Mr Commitment After twenty-eight years of shrinking responsibility Duffy’s finally realising that he can’t extend his adolescence forever. His low-paid tempting job is threatening permanency. His gradually receding hairline is depressing him greatly. And if that’s not enough his long- suffering girlfriend, Mel, wants to get engaged... He knows Mel’s the one for him, so why is it he’d feel happier swapping ‘Ti’ll death do us part’ for ‘Renewable on a four year basis’? So after a lifetime of Mr Irresponsibility does Duffy have what it takes to become Mr Commitment?

Mike Gayle The Importance of being a Bachelor George and Joan Bachelor are the proud (albeit slightly disappointed) parents of three grown- up boys whose lives aren’t quite what they had hoped... Adam is addicted to the wrong kind of girls; Luke bears the scars of a savage divorce; and ‘baby’ Russell’s love life contains nothing but heartache. When, months shy of his 40th wedding anniversary, George Bachelor announces he’s leaving the family home to try his hand at the single life, everything is thrown into turmoil. Now as well as sorting out their own love lives, the boys have got to sort out their parents’ too... or face losing the one thing they could always count on.

Mike Gayle Turning Thirty Unlike most people Matt Beckford is actually looking forward to turning thirty. After struggling through most of his twenties, he thinks his career, finances and love life are finally sorted. But when he splits up with his girlfriend, he realises that life has different plans for him and Matt temporarily moves back home to his parents.

Mike Gayle Wish you Were Here Malia, party-capital of the Club 18-30 circuit, has it all: sun, sea, sand, ice-cold beer and gorgeous girls. Trouble is, Charlie and his mates aren’t 25 any more, and it shows. Somehow, the holiday of a lifetime is starting to feel like the last thing they need. Page 7 of 16 Amitav Ghosh Sea of Poppies On an old slave ship named the Ibis, fate has thrown together a motley crew of sailors, coolies and convicts, including a bankrupt raja, a French runaway and a widowed opium farmer. As their old family ties are washed away, they come to view themselves as jahaj- bhais or ship brothers. Set against the backdrop of the Opium Wars, this unlikely dynasty is what makes Sea of Poppies so breathtakingly alive – a masterpiece from one of the world’s finest novelists.

Amitav Ghosh The Circle of Reason The Circle of Reason begins with a head. It is a huge head, several sizes too large for an eight- year-old boy, and bulging all over with knots and bumps. The head belongs to a young weaver, Alu, a child of preternatural talent, and it leads him into a series of adventures that takes him from his home in an Indian village through the slums of Calcutta to Goa and across the sea to the Persian Gulf and North Africa.

Amitav Ghosh The Glass Palace The Glass Palace is a masterful novel of love, war and family and presents us with a band of memorable characters, spread across Burma, Malaya and India, and across three generations – before the door to Burma closes behind them, and glittering light of that civilisation seems extinguished.

Amitav Ghosh The Hungary Tide Between the sea and the plains of Bengal lies an immense archipelago of islands. Some are vast and some no larger than sandbars; some have lasted through recorded history while others have just washed into being. These are Sundarbans. Here there are no borders to divide fresh water from salt, river from sea, even land from water. Here, for hundreds of years, only the truly dispossessed braved the man-eating tigers and the crocodiles who rule there, to eke a precarious existence from the mud. Here, at the beginning of the last century, a visionary Scotsman founded a utopian settlement where peoples of all races, classes and religions could live together.

Victor Headley Yardie At Heathrow Airport’s busy Immigration desk, a newly-arrived Jamaican strolls through with a kilo of top-grade cocaine strapped to his body. And keeps on walking...

Khaled Hosseini A Thousand Splendid Suns Mariam is only fifteen when she is sent to Kabul to marry the troubled and bitter Rasheed, who is thirty years her senior. Nearly two decades later, in a climate of growing unrest, tragedy strikes fifteen-year-old Laila, who must leave her home and join Mariam’s unhappy household. Laila and Mariam are to find consolation in each other, their friendship to grow as deep as the bond between sisters, as strong as the ties between mother and daughter. Page 8 of 16 Khaled Hosseini The Kite Runner Twelve-year-old Amir is desperate to gain the approval of his father and resolves to win the local kite –fighting tournament, to prove that he has the makings of a man. His loyal friend Hassan promises to help him - for he always helps Amir – but this is 1970s Afghanistan and Hassan is merely a low-caste servant who is jeered at in the street, although Amir feels jealous of his natural courage and the place he holds in his father’s heart. But neither of the boys could foresee what would happen to Hassan on the afternoon of the tournament, which was to shatter their lives. After the Russians invade and the family is forced to flee to America, Amir realises that one day he must return, to find the one thing that his new world cannot grant him: redemption.

Ulfat Idilbi Sabriya In a Damascus garden, Sabriya hangs herself leaving behind a book of memories – the record of a youth filled with passionate hopes that were frustrated. Sabriya has three brothers – Raghib, a corrupt bully, Mahmud, amiable but feckless, and Sami, an idealist who together with his friend Adil joins the resistance against the French colonial regime. Sami is killed and Sabriya plans to elope with Adil but is restrained by her duty to care for her ailing mother and then for her father. When he finally dies, her brothers scheme to force her to leave the family home.

Kazuo Ishiguro A Pale View of Hills A Pale View of Hills is the story of Etsuko, a Japanese woman now living alone in England, dwelling on the recent suicide of her daughter. Retreating into the past, she finds herself reliving one particular hot summer in Nagasaki, when she and her friends struggled to rebuild their lives after the war. But then as she recalls her strange friendship with Sachiko – a wealthy woman reduced to vagrancy- the memories take on a disturbing cast.

Kazuo Ishiguro An Artist of the Floating World World War II is over and Japan sets about rebuilding her shattered cities. Masuji Ono, an ageing painter, looks back over his life and assesses a career that coincided with the rise of Japanese militarism.

Kazuo Ishiguro Never Let Me Go Kathy, Ruth and Tommy were pupils at Hailsham – an idyllic establishment situated deep in the English countryside. The children there were tenderly sheltered from the outside world, brought up to believe they were special, and that their personal welfare was crucial. But for what reason were they really there?

Page 9 of 16 Kazuo Ishiguro Nocturnes Nocturnes, is a sublime story cycle regarding the ideas of love, music and the passing of time. From the piazzas of Italy to the Malvern Hills, a London flat to the ‘Hush-Hush floor’ of an exclusive Hollywood hotel, the characters we encounter range from young dreamers to café musicians to faded stars, all of them at some moment of reckoning.

Kazuo Ishiguro The Unconsoled Ryder, a musician of international renown, is checking in to a hotel in a city somewhere in Central Europe. He has the distinct recollection he is due to perform in the Civic Concert Hall in a few day’ time, but as Gustav, the hotel porter, escorts him to his room, it occurs to him there is much more to this visit than he had first anticipated.

Kazuo Ishiguro When We Were Orphans England, 1930s. Christopher Banks has become the country’s most celebrated detective, his cases the talk of London society. Yet one unsolved crime has always haunted him: the mysterious disappearance of his parents, in Old Shanghai, when he was a small boy. Now, as the world lurches towards total war, Banks realises that the time has come for him to return to the city of his childhood and at last solve the mystery – that only by his own doing so will civilization be saved from the approaching catastrophe.

Bapsy Jain Lucky Every Day Lately, Lucky’s life has seen nothing but trouble. Her marriage to the wealthy and charming Vikram ended badly, and along with it her career as a successful entrepreneur. It’s time for her to start over, and Lucky is more than ready to move on.

Marlon James The Book of Night Women The Book of Night Women is the extraordinary tale of Lilith, born into bondage on a sugar plantation at the end of the eighteenth century. From her very birth the slave women recognise within her a dark power, one that they –and she- will come to revere and fear.

Tania James Atlas of Unknowns In the wake of their mother’s mysterious death, Linno and Anju Vallara are raised in Kerala by their father and grandmother. When seventeen-year-old Anju wins a scholarship to an exclusive New York school she jumps at the chance to embrace all that America has to offer-but in so doing commits an act of betrayal that severs her relationship with her sister.

Page 10 of 16 Nada Awar Jarrar A Good Land The old neighbourhood block in Beirut is home to an ever-changing population, but three people are almost always there. Margo, an elderly Polish woman, is a refugee from her past, her country and her family. Lebanese-born Layla has only recently returned from Australia after fleeing the earlier civil war. And Palestinian Kamal is a refugee, writer and lecturer, whose cherished faith in a free, tolerant, democratic Lebanon has been shattered by difficulties of living there now.

Tahar Ben Jelloun The Blinding Absence of Light In 1971 disaffected student Salim took part in a failed coup to oust King Hassan II of Morocco. With sixty others he was incarcerated in a secret prison complex in the Moroccan desert; they were to remain there for nearly twenty years.

Radhika Jha Lanterns on their Horns A young idealist...an honourable headman faced with the winds of change...a daughter determined to re-establish her father’s honour.

Raj Kamal Jha The Blue Bedspread In a house on Calcutta Street, lit by the half-light of a yellow street lamp, lies a baby, one day old, wrapped in its hospital towel. In the next room sits a man, all alone, writing. Who is this man, at once frightened and determined? What is he writing? Where has the baby come from and where will it go? Tonight, these questions will be answered when the man unravels the dark secrets he has carried all his life.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala A New Dominion A New Dominion explores people’s lives in India.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Esmond in India Shakuntala is a young Indian women who comes home to live with her prosperous family in post- Independence Delhi. Sketching a gallery of fascinating and distinctive characters against a rich background, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala draws the contrast between two very different families and their daily lives – their squabbles, their politics, their love affairs, their expectations. She brings to life the nostalgic Englishman Esmond Stillwood, also the beautiful Gulab and her son Ravi, the elderly Uma, and Shakuntala’s family and the neighbours Ram Nath and Lakshmi.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala How I became your Holy Mother How I became your Holy Mother is a first-person story of a guru –seeking girl who finds herself in an unusual role. Page 11 of 16 Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Out of India ‘To live in India and be at peace, one must to a very considerable extent become Indian, and adopt Indian attitudes, habits, belief...’ ‘But how is this possible?’ Ruth Prawer Jhabvala asks in a brilliant and candid introduction. ‘Should one want to try to become something other than what one is?’ Both the European and the Indian characters search for answers to these questions in fifteen acclaimed stories from the author’s four previous collections.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Poet and Dancer Poet and Dancer explores the intricacies and dangers of love and commitment as she describes the life-long and complex bond between a pair of first cousins.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala The Householder Prem is a recently married teacher who is neither very good at teaching nor at being married. He is promised an ally against his wife Indu, whom he regards with varying degrees of irritation, when his mother comes to visit. He soon finds, though, that maternal interference is far from helpful, and he receives comfort from an entirely unexpected quarter – his wife – as he discovers through her the joys of being a settled husband and householder.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Three Continents Harriet Wishwell who with her twin brother Michael believes there should be something more in their lives than their wealth and heritage. They become followers of the Rawul, an Indian Prince with a dubious title and a small derelict Kingdom, who is the founder of a movement for World Unity.

Jane Johnson The Salt Road Isabelle’s archaeologist father dies leaving a puzzle: a mysterious African amulet. But what is it? And why did he want her to have it? On impulse she takes a plane to Morocco to find out.

Jane Johnson The Tenth Gift Julia Lovat walks away from her seven-year affair with Michael with a broken heart and a book of secrets, her book tells the true story of Cat Tregenna, kidnapped by Barbary pirates off the Cornish coast and sold into slavery in Morocco four hundred years ago.

Pamela Jooste Dance with a Poor Man’s Daughter Through the sharp yet loving eyes of eleven-year-old Lily we see the whole exotic, vivid, vigorous culture of the Cape Coloured community at the time when apartheid threatened its destruction. As Lily’s beautiful but angry mother returns to Cape Town, determined to fight for justice for her family, so the story of Lily’s past –and future-errupts.

Page 12 of 16 Pamela Jooste Like Water in Wild Places The stories and legends of the Bushman were told to Conrad when he was twelve years old. He was on a hunting trip with his father, Jack Hartmann, a brutal but confused man who ‘gave’ Conrad an old Bushman to teach him the ways of the land. Bastiaan taught him not only about beasts and plants and soil, but inculcated in Conrad a philosophy that would remain with him throughout his life.

Pamela Jooste Star of the Morning Born on the wrong side of the racial divide in apartheid-torn Cape Town, young sisters Ruby and Rose exist in a world where they are not welcome. As part of the Cape Coloured community they are considered socially inferior, yet even within their own social group the sisters live down the poor end of town. Their father was killed when they were very small, so when their mother dies after a protracted illness Ruby and Rose’s fate falls into the hands of Aunt Olive. Ruby knows without being told that their Aunt’s home will not be opened up to them- charity does not extend to the poor relations who would cast a smudge on such a respectable house. Aunt Olive condemns her nieces to the local orphanage, relieving her conscience with monthly invitations to Sunday lunch.

Ruchir Joshi The Last Jet Engine Laugh Thirty years from now, old Paresh Bhatt settles down to drink an espresso and reflects on the Key moments of his life. But even as Paresh recalls his parents’ courtship during the fight to free India from the British, his daughter Para, is up in the air – a crack fighter pilot, mounting raids against the Pak-Saudi alliance...

Page 13 of 16 Reading List 2

Roger Anstey The Transatlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition 1760-1810 Anstey examines the late-eighteenth-century slave trade as an economic phenomenon and the politico-economic circumstances of the first major abolition measure.

John Charlton Hidden Chains. The Slavery business and North East England 1600-1865 Hidden chains reveals the links between some of the North East’s wealthiest, most prominent families and the plantations of the New World. It also tells the story of ordinary people from Northumberland, Durham and Tyneside who were caught up in the Slave Trade.

Olaudah Equiano Sold as a Slave A small African boy is kidnapped from his village, tied up and put in a sack. From there he finds himself in the hold of a slave ship bound for the West Indies, chained to hundreds of others, longing for death. But Olaudah Equiano does not die. One day he will journey to freedom...

Olaudah Equiano The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African Charting a passage that takes him from life as an Igbo prince in what is now eastern Nigeria to the New World, Equiano tells his story of being kidnapped and his ordeal aboard the slave ship. His service in the French and Indian wars, until he finally settles in England, where he becomes a key figure in the British abolitionist movement.

William Hague William Wilberforce. The Life of the Great Anti-Slavery Trade Campaigner William Hague illuminates Wilberforce’s turbulent life and career, offering a politician’s insight into the parliamentary manoeuvres and electoral dramas with which he had to contend.

C.L.R James The Black Jocobins In 1791, inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution, the slaves of San Domingo rose in revolt. Despite invasion by a series of British, Spanish and Napoleonic armies, their twelve-year struggle led to the creation of Haiti, the first independent black republican outsideAfrica. Only three years later, the British and Americans ended the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Michael Jordan The Great Abolition Sham. The true story of the end of the British Slave Trade. Seventeenth century Britain was built on the back of the slave trade and few of the wealthy merchants who profited from this human trafficking thought about the lost lives behind their luxuries. By the eighteenth century things were different, people from all classes of society began to question whether anyone had the right to buy and sell another human being, and so the Abolition Movement was born.

Page 14 of 16 Eric Metaxas Amazing Grace Amazing Grace tells the story of the remarkable life of British abolitionist William Wilberforce and his extraordinary role as a human rights activist, cultural reformer and Member of Parliament.

Mary Prince The History of Mary Prince The History of Mary Prince tells the story of Prince’s sufferings as a slave in Bermuda, Turks Island and Antigua, and her eventual arrival in London with her brutal owner Mr Wood in 1828.

Richard S. Reddie Abolition! The struggle to abolish Slavery in the British Colonies In Abolition! Richard Reddie provides a compelling account of the traffic in enslaved Africans and the struggle to bring it to an end within the British colonies.

Sian Rees Sweet Water and Bitter. The Ships that stopped the Slave Trade. The last legal British slave- ship left Africa in 1807, but other countries and illegal slavers continued to trade. When the Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815, British diplomats negotiated anti- slave-trade treaties and a ‘Preventative Squadron’ was formed to cruise the West African coast. In six decades, this small fleet liberated 150,000 Africans and lost 17,000 of its own men in doing so. This is a tale of their campaign.

Simon Schama Rough Crossings. Britain, The Slaves and The American Revolution Rough Crossings takes the reader on a journey of terror and hope, ordeal and redemption, down torrid river basins into the fire and blood of battle; through the frozen wastes of a Nova Scotian winter and into the furious ocean where the men and women at the heart of this unforgettable history hoped that freedom’s shore would finally greet them.

Marika Sherwood After Abolition. Britian and the Slave Trade since 1807 Sherwood demonstrates that Britain continued to contribute to and profit from the slave trade well after 1807, drawing on government documents and contemporary reports as well as published sources.

William St Clair The Grand Slave Emporium For nearly one hundred and fifty years before the abolition in 1807, Cape Coast Castle on the African ‘Gold Coast’ was the grand emporium of the British slave trade. From this handsome building perched on the shore of the South Atlantic Ocean, men, women and children born in Africa were sold as slaves and carried on British slave ships to the West Indies and to North and South America.

Page 15 of 16 Hugh Thomas The Slave Trade. The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440-1870 The Slave Trade is an original work of great power, insight and understanding which follows the colossal forced emigration across the centuries and draws on a startling new map of the world.

Stephen Tomkins William Wilberforce: a biography Born in Hull to wealthy middle-class parents, Wilberforce entered parliament and became a political celebrity of his day. During the 1780’s, he underwent a profound Christian conversion and set out on the path service to humanity. Tomkins charts his battle to end the slave trade, portraying a man of contradictions and extraordinary determination.

James Walvin Black Ivory. Slavery in the British Empire The brutal story of African slavery in the British colonies of the West Indies and North America is told with clarity and compassion in this classic history. James Walvin explores the experiences which bound together slaves from diverse African backgrounds and explains how slavery transformed the tastes and economy of the Western World.

James Walvin The Trader, The Owner, The Slave The Trader, The Owner, The Slave offers a new view and a fresh interpretation of the barbaric world of slavery and of its historic end in April 1807.

James Walvin A Short History of Slavery In a short History of Slavery, James Walvin draws on original documents and sources to explore the history of slavery from the Classical world to its abolition in 1807, and to examine the lives and experiences of slaves and slave traders.

James Walvin Slaves and Slavery. The British colonial experience Slaves and Slavery will be invaluable for undergraduates studying the history of slavery and slave trade. It will also provide an ideal introduction to the subject for general readers.

Marcia Williams Soul Survivors This compilation is the true record of the experience of slavery, by women in their own words. Slavery was terrible for men, but it was equally harsh for women.

Iain Whyte Scotland and the Abolition of Black Slavery, 1756-1838 Although much has been written about Scottish involvement in slavery, the contribution of Scots to the abolition of black slavery has not yet been sufficiently recognised.This book starts with a Virginian slave seeking his freedom in Scotland in 1756 and ends with the abolition of the apprenticeship scheme in the West Indian colonies in 1838. Page 16 of 16