Howard Glennerster Spreading wealth and encouraging enterprise Book section Original citation: Glennerster, Howard (2011) Spreading wealth and encouraging enterprise. In: Knight, Barry, (ed.) A minority view: what Beatrice Webb would say now. Series on poverty (1). Alliance Publishing Trust and the Webb Memorial Trust, London, UK, pp. 41-48. ISBN 9781907376115 © 2011 Webb Memorial Trust This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43852/ Available in LSE Research Online: May 2012 Creative Commons Attribution‑ Noncommercial‑No Derivative Works 3.0 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. 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Webb Memorial Trust A Minority View What Beatrice Webb would say now Beatrice Webb Memorial Series on Poverty VOLUME 1 Webb Memorial Trust A Minority View What Beatrice Webb would say now editor barry knight Beatrice Webb Memorial Series on Poverty VOLUME 1 Published by Alliance Publishing Trust isbn 978 1 907376 11 5 Copyright © 2011 Webb Memorial Trust Alliance Publishing Trust 1st Floor, 25 Corsham Street London n1 6dr Creative Commons Attribution‑ United Kingdom Noncommercial‑No Derivative Works 3.0 [email protected] You are free to share – to copy, distribute, www.alliancepublishing.org display, and perform the work – under the Registered charity number: 1116744 following conditions: Company registration number: 5935154 − Attribution: You must attribute the work as A Minority View: What Beatrice Webb A catalogue record for this book is available from would say now © 2011 Webb Memorial the British Library. Trust. 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Paper from responsible sources FSC® C020438 contents ********************* About the authors 5 chapter 1 Introduction 9 Barry Knight chapter 2 No inclusive society without minimum income standards 21 John Veit‑Wilson chapter 3 Supporting poor children in working families 31 John Welshman chapter 4 Spreading wealth and encouraging enterprise 41 Howard Glennerster chapter 5 Stop taxing people into poverty 49 Peter Kenway chapter 6 Hands off child benefit! 59 Jonathan Bradshaw chapter 7 People, places and poverty: getting away from the neighbourhood 71 Steve Osborn chapter 8 Race and poverty: is affirmative action the answer? 85 Ranjana Bell chapter 9 Gender inequality and women’s poverty 93 Sue Robson and Marian McGuinness chapter 10 What is to be done? 117 Barry Knight 5 about the authors ********************* Barry Knight (editor) is a trustee of the Webb Memorial Trust. As executive director of CENTRIS, he works as adviser to the Ford Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Global Fund for Community Foundations, Sabanci Foundation, Foundations for Peace and the Norwegian Peacebuilding Centre. He is co‑chair of the Working Group on Philanthropy for Social Justice and Peace, which is devel‑ oping a learning community of practitioners across the globe. His earlier career includes appointments at the Home Office and Cambridge University. He has writ‑ ten books about civil society, voluntary action, economic development, democracy and social justice. Ranjana Bell has nearly 30 years of experience in the field of equality and diversity. She has previously worked as a teacher of children with special needs, a local authority race advisor and a university equalities officer. In 1998, she set up RBA Equality and Diversity Ltd, and now advises many public sector organizations on the subject. She has been a lay member of employment tribunals for over 10 years and is a member of the expert ‘race panel’. In 2007, she completed a four‑year term as commissioner for the Women’s National Commission, and is currently the independent chair for the CPS (NE) Scrutiny Panel for Race and Religious Hate Crime. She was awarded the ‘Lifetime Community Achievement Award’ from the Taste of Africa Diversity Awards in October 2009. Jonathan Bradshaw CBE, FBA is professor of social policy at the University of York. His recent research includes the measurement of extreme poverty (European Commission), subjective child wellbeing (The Children’s Society), and child social protection in the CEE/CIS countries (UNICEF). He is a board member of the International Society for Child Indicators (ISCI) and the Foundation for International 6 a minority view: what beatrice webb would say now Studies in Social Security (FISS), and chair of the Management Committee of the Welfare Benefits Unit. He is publishingChild Wellbeing in the United Kingdom (Policy Press) in 2011. He was appointed CBE in 2005 for services to child poverty. Howard Glennerster is now professor emeritus of Social Policy at the London School of Economics. He worked in the Labour party research department from 1959 to 1964, and was chairman of the Young Fabians in 1964 as well as the author of several Fabian pamphlets. He spent most of his working life teaching at the LSE, with periods also spent in the United States. He is author of British Social Policy: 1945 to the present, now in its third edition, Paying for Welfare and Understanding the Finance of Welfare. Peter Kenway is cofounder and director of the New Policy Institute, an independent think‑tank set up in 1996 to promote evidence‑based analysis of social problems and associated especially with its annual Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion report, published by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. By background a transport planner (at London Transport) and economist (at Reading University), a major theme of Peter’s work has been the ambiguous role played by the state, whether the conservative nature of the post‑war Keynesian orthodoxy, the paradoxes of privatization in 1980s Britain and 1990s eastern Europe or the poverty exacerbated by a government committed to its eradication. Peter’s published work can be found on the NPI website: www.npi.org.uk Marian McGuinness is a children’s service manager for Barnardo’s, and a direc‑ tor of the Community Development Exchange. She has over 30 years of community development experience in voluntary and public sector contexts in the north‑east and nationally. Marian’s career in community work started in the 1980s, as a volunteer near her home. She went on to gain a youth and community qualification from Sunderland Polytechnic in 1985, and returned in 2006 to study for a postgraduate diploma in gender, culture and development. Steve Osborn studied sociology at Goldsmith’s College and began his career as a research officer at the Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University. He went on to join the National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders (NACRO), and in 1990 he set up the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit. In 2004, he was cofounder of Primetrics, a consultancy carrying out research, evaluation and performance reviews in the social and economic policy fields. He is currently chief executive at the Institute of Optometry, and has published widely – his most recent book being Moving on from Clays Lane (Osborn and Farr, 2008, London Development Agency). Sue Robson is a freelance researcher and community development practitioner with extensive experience of working with marginalized groups. Her feminist conscious‑ ness was raised in the mid‑1980s as a young working class woman volunteering in a local youth club. Feminism and the women’s movement have been major influences on her professional practice ever since. She has been the co‑ordinator of a network about the authors of women’s voluntary organizations in the north‑east since 2008 and is an associate researcher for Women’s Resource Centre. She has published work with Oxfam UK Poverty Programme and Government Equality Office, among others. Sue is currently working towards her PhD at Durham University. John Veit-Wilson was educated at the universities of Cambridge and Stockholm in economics, social anthropology and social policy. After five years in business manage‑ ment, in 1964 he joined the UK National Poverty Survey as a research officer. He taught social policy for 25 years at Newcastle Polytechnic (now Northumbria University), where he is emeritus professor of social policy, and has worked at Newcastle University on an honorary basis since 1992, currently as visiting professor in sociology. He was a founder member of the Child Poverty Action Group and is now a trustee. His published work includes Setting Adequacy Standards: how governments define minimum incomes (The Policy Press, Bristol, 1998) and ‘Some social policy implications of a right to social security’ (in J Van Langendonck (ed) (2007) The Right to Social Security Intersentia, Antwerp). John Welshman was educated at the universities of York and Oxford, and is currently senior lecturer in the history department at Lancaster University. He has published widely on the history of public policy in twentieth‑century Britain. Recent articles have been published in journals including Children & Society; Contemporary British History; Economic History Review (2006); Social History of Medicine; and Twentieth Century British History.