Institute of Pacific Relations. Report
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f t I S. Res. 366, Rept. No. 2050. (Jun. 27, 1952). Institute of Pacific Relations, Report, Patrick A. McCarran (NV), chairman, Senate Judiciary Committee, Hrgs. Jul. 25, 1951-Jun. 20, 1952, 81st Cong., 2d sess., GPO. ] s^^^^™ ^^i.?.sri {sraSio [ Source: https://ia800906.us.archive.org/2/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/ instituteofpacif1952unit.pd"a f ] INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS SECOND SESSION PURSUANT TO S. Res. 366 (81st Congress) — A RESOLUTION RELATING TO THE INTERNAL SECURITY OF THE UNITED STATES HEARINGS HELD JULY 25, 1951-JUNE 20, 1952 BY THE INTERNAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE July 2 (legislative day June 27), 1952.—Ordered to be printed UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 21705 WASHINGTON : 1952 t? <?-'> -!*TTT .Kb M.!335.4AIS 4 Given By TT Q QTyPT nT7 HP t S^ " *''^-53r,4 I6f / U. S. SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENT AUG 11 1952 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PAT McCARRAN, Nevada, Chairman HARLEY M. KILGORE, West Virginia ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi WILLIAM LANGER, Nortli Dakota WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Washington HOMER FERGUSON, Michigan HERBERT R. O'CONOR, Maryland WILLIAM E. JENNER, Indiana ESTES KEFAUVER, Tennessee ARTHUR V. WATKINS, Utah WILLIS SMITH, North Carolina ROBERT C. HENDRICKSON, New Jersey J. G. SorRwiNE, Counsel Internal Security Subcommittee PAT McCARRAN, Nevada, Chairman JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi HOMER FERGUSON, Michigan HERBERT R. O'CONOR, Maryland WILLIAM E. JENNER, Indiana WILLIS SMITH, North Carolina ARTHUR V. WATKINS, Utah Robert Morris, Special Counsel Benjamin' Mandel, Director of Research Subcommittee Investigating the Institute of Pacific Relations JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman PAT McCARRAN, Nevada HOMER FERGUSON, Michigan II CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 What is IPR? 3 Effect of the Inscitute of Pacific Relations on United States public opinion. _ 63 Communist influence in the IPR : 120 Effect of the Institute of Pacific Relations upon United States foreign policy 178 Conclusions 223 Recommendations 225 Note.—References in this report have been keyed to the text of the hearings either by page or exhibit number. Ill 82d Congress ) SENATE ( Report U Session | ( No. 2050 INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS July 2 (legislative day, June 27), 1952.—Ordered to be printed Mr. McCarran, from the Committee on the Judiciar}", submitted the following REPORT [Pursuant to S. Res. 366, 81st Cong., 2d sess.] INTRODUCTION The Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee was empowered on December 21, 1950, under the terms of Senate Resolution 366 of the Eighty-first Congress, to make a com- plete and continuing study and investigation of— (1) The admmistration, operation, and enforcement of the Internal Security Act of 1950; (2) The administration, operation and enforcement of other laws relating to espionage, sabotage, and the protection of the internal security of the United States; and (3) The extent, nature and effects of subversive activities in the United States; its territories and possessions, including, but not limited to espionage, sabotage, and infiltration by persons who are or may be under the domination of the foreign government or organizations controlling the world Communist movement or any other movement seeking to overthrow the Government of the United States by force and violence. This authority subsequently was extended under Senate Resolution 7 of the Eighty-second Congress, until January 31, 1952.^ Section 2 of the Senate Resolution 7 is as follows: The committee, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such places and times during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the Senate, to hold such hearings, to require by subpoenas or otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such boolvs, papers, and dociunents, to administer such oaths, to take such testimony, to procure such printing and binding, and, within the amount appropriated therefor, to make * such expenditures as it deems advisable. * * Subpoenas shall be issued by 1 And by S. Res. 198, S. Res. 314. 2 INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS the chairman of the committee or the subcommittee, and may be served by an person designated by such chairman. Acting on this authority, the subcommittee took possession of certain back files of the Institute of Pacific Relations, which were found on the Lee, Mass., farm of E. C. Carter, a trustee. The con- tents of these files became the preliminary basis for the committee's investigation. They were studied for 5 months before the first witness took the stand. Ultimately, the committee took public testimony from 66 witnesses. Twenty-eight of these had had some connection with IPR, according to a compilation prepared by the subcommittee staff. Two had helped found the Institute (p. 3850, exhibit 1382). Two had filled the post of secretary-general (p. 6, 1150). Four had occupied the executive secretaryship of IPR's American Coimcil (pp. 6, 80, 937, 2644). Thirteen were or had been trustees (pp. 264, 568, 713, 1313, 3969). Four had served in editorial capacities. Others were writers, research associates, and staff members. The great majority of these IPR witnesses may be classified as defenders of the Institute. Some appeared at their own instance. Some presented voluminous statements, which were accepted into the record by the subcommittee. Other witnesses included a former Vice President of the United States (p. 1297ff.), a former American Ambassador to the U. S. S. R. (p. 452 Iff.), former Chief of Intelligence of the Far Eastern Com- mand of the United States and the United Nations forces (p. 353), two former high officials of the Soviet Government (pp. 183, 4479), the director of a special investigation bureau of the Japanese Govern- ment (p. 499), the former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, the wartime Chief of Staff to Admiral King, Admiral Charles M. Cooke (p. 1491ft'), and a number of State Department officials who had participated in America's far eastern affairs (pp. 703, 704, 1686, 1687). In addition, the staff examined about 20,000 documents, including books, magazine articles, letters, memoranda, minutes, reports, and some supplementary publications from Government sources. Approxi- mately 2,000 of these documents were put into the record as exhibits, to aid the subcommittee in reaching its conclusion. The object of this investigation was to determine— (a) Whether or to what extent the Institute of Pacific Rela- tions was infiltrated and influenced or controlled by agents of the communist world conspiracy; (6) Whether or to what extent these agents and their dupes worked through the Institute into the United States Govern- ment to the point where the}^ exerted an influence on United States far eastern policy; and if so, whether and to what extent they still exert such influence; (c) Whether or to what extent these agents and their dupes led or misled American public opinion, particularly with respect to far eastern policy. Hearings began July 25, 1951. They ended June 20, 1952. The printed record of hearings totals over 5,000 pages. INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS WHAT IS IPR? When W. L. Holland appeared before the Subcommittee on Internal Security, he declared : I am speaking as the executive officer of both the international IPR and the American IPR, and as a person who lias been closely connected with the institute's work and staff for a very long period (p. 1212). Mr. Holland then gave the subcommittee this description of the institute: The Institute of Pacific Relations is an association composed of national councils in 10 countries. Each national council is autonomous and carries on its own work in its own distinctive way. Together they cooperate in an international IPR program of research, publications, and conferences. This program is directed by a Pacific Council in which each national council is represented, and administered by a small international secretariat working in New York under the direction of the Pacific Council. The institute at present consists of the following independent national councils: American Institute of Pacific Relations, Inc. Australian Institute of International Affairs Canadian Institute of International Affairs Comitg d' Etudes des Problemes du Pacifique (France) Indian Council of World Affairs Japan Institute of Pacific Relations New Zealand Institute of International Affairs Pakistan Institute of International Affairs Philippine Council, Institute of Pacific Relations Ro.val Institute of International Affairs (Great Britain) The institute was founded in 1925 at a conference in Honolulu of religious leaders, scholars, and businessmen from various countries of the Pacific area, who, even then, realized the need for greater knowledge and frank discussion of the problems of Asia and the relations of Asia and the West. The impetus came in part from leaders of the YMCA. At the first conference it was realized that intelligent discussion was impossible on many subjects because many basic facts were lacking about the peoples, re- sources, trade, and pohtics of tlie Pacific area. This led to the inauguration by the international IPR of a large and continuing research program which subse- quently received generous support from the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Corp. The IPR has played an important part in increasing available knowledge*******about Asia in the United States and other countries (p. 1215). The work of the