Totally Electrifying - 3 Years of Experience

Keith Moody Clemson Area Transit (CATbus) Interim General Manager Clemson, Everyone Rides Free

Clemson Area Transit Founded: January 9, 1996 Service Area: The western half of the Greenville UZA that includes Clemson and with service to Seneca, Central, Southern Wesleyan University, Pendleton, Tri-County Technical College, Anderson, and Anderson University Seneca, South Carolina Population: 8,201 Oconee County: 75,045 Bus Service Started: October, 2006 TIGGER III funding grant applied for: 2010 All Electric Service Started: September, 2014

Seneca partnered with CATbus, the Center for Transportation and Environment (CTE), and SCDOT to apply for TIGGER III funding to develop the first scalable model of an all-electric bus transit system in the U.S.A. Clemson Area Transit, CTE and Seneca developed a deployment methodology that included Planning, Route Modeling, Route Validation, Shadow Testing, Deployment, and Benefits Realization [Deployment Validation and Analysis] The design planning of the Seneca model was for all-electric service for the entire operation. To achieve this the use of two chargers on separate grids was planned so there would be power to charge even if one of the chargers lost power. The Secondary Charger second charger [at the left] is located at the hospital that has backup power. So in the event of a disaster, power would be available for evacuation.

Primary Charger Clemson Area Transit noted that Seneca was one of a few bus systems in the country with routes that were 100% compatible with the range of electric buses at that time. Comparisons with CAT’s Diesel Fleet Miles per Gallon equivalent: Diesel = 3.8 MPG Electric = 16.71 MPGe Fuel Cost per Mile, Monthly Average: Diesel = $0.58 Electric = $0.28 Maintenance Cost per Mile: Diesel = $1.53 Electric = $0.55 Electric Bus Deployment Metrics

We are 3 years into this project.

CTE provides ongoing Key Performance Metric reporting for the electric bus deployment Electric Bus Deployment Metrics

Electric Fleet Mileage

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 1 1 1 1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 8 8 7 6 8 7 6 5/ 8/ 6/ 6/ 8 6 6 9 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -1 -1 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 7 7 7 4 4 /1 /1 /1 /1 5 5 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 7 7 7 /1 /1 0 6 8 9 /1 /1 9 6 7 7 8 /2 /1 /1 /1 7 8 /2 /1 /1 /1 9 8 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 1 3 5 7 /1 /1 1 3 5 7 /1 /1 1 3 5 9 1 9 1 9 1 1 1 1

E-buses average between 12-15k miles per month. The variation comes from the number of service days in each month. We have 0 diesel miles since deployment. Electric Bus Deployment Metrics

Cumulative Diesel Gallons Reduced

130,000

120,000

110,000

100,000

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

-

4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 8 8 7 6 8 7 6 5 8 6 6 8 6 6 9 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -1 -1 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 7 7 7 4 4 /1 /1 /1 /1 5 5 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 7 7 7 /1 /1 0 6 8 9 /1 /1 9 6 7 7 8 /2 /1 /1 /1 7 8 2 1 1 1 9 8 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 1 3 5 7 /1 /1 / / / / /1 /1 1 3 5 9 1 9 1 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 1

Over 120,000 gallons of diesel consumption has been avoided since deployment Electric Bus Deployment Metrics

Cumulative Net CO2 Reduced

1,810,000

1,610,000

1,410,000

1,210,000

1,010,000

s

d

n

u

o P 810,000

610,000

410,000

210,000

10,000

4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 8 8 0 8 7 7 7 6 7 8 7 7 8 6 0 5 6 8 8 6 9 6 9 8 8 6 9 6 6 9 7 6 /1 /1 /1 /2 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /2 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 0 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 0 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -1 -1 -1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 6 7 7 7 7 7 4 4 4 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 5 5 5 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 6 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 8 0 8 7 7 7 6 7 8 /1 /1 /1 6 0 5 6 8 8 6 9 6 /1 /1 /1 6 9 6 6 9 7 7 6 8 /1 /2 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 7 7 8 /1 /2 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 9 8 8 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 /1 /1 /1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 /1 /1 /1 2 1 2 3 4 5 9 10 11 1 9 10 11 1 9 10 11 1 This has eliminated over 1.6M lbs of CO2!

Note: CO2 reductions are net reductions and include the CO2 emissions from the electricity generation Electric Bus Deployment Metrics

MPG(E)

25.00 The Electric 20.00 buses have consistently 15.00 averaged 3-4X

10.00 the fuel 3X 4X efficiency

5.00 (MPG(e)) of the non-electric

-

4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fleet. / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 6 8 8 7 6 8 7 6 5 8 6 6 8 6 6 9 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 -2 -4 -6 -1 -1 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 7 7 7 4 4 /1 /1 /1 /1 5 5 /1 /1 /1 /1 6 6 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 0 7 7 7 /1 /1 0 6 8 9 /1 /1 9 6 7 7 8 /2 /1 /1 /1 7 8 /2 /1 /1 /1 9 8 /1 /1 /1 /1 1 1 3 5 7 /1 /1 1 3 5 7 /1 1 1 3 5 9 1/ 9 1 9 1/ 1 1 1

Electric Fleet Non-Elec Fleet Electric Bus Deployment Metrics

Diesel - Electric Comparison

Diesel Equiv. Diesel Equiv. Diesel WAvg. Elec. Electric Month* Mileage Fuel Cost $/mile Mileage Electric Fuel Cost $/mile 9/17/14-10/16/14 14,249 $ 11,543 $ 0.81 14,249 $ 4,171 $ 0.29 10/16/14-11/18/14 15,618 $ 13,356 $ 0.86 15,618 $ 4,405 $ 0.28 Utilizing a 11/18/14-12/18/14 12,948 $ 9,686 $ 0.75 12,948 $ 3,379 $ 0.26 12/18/14-1/20/15 12,196 $ 7,391 $ 0.61 12,196 $ 4,359 $ 0.36 1/20/15-2/18/15 13,759 $ 8,094 $ 0.59 13,759 $ 3,573 $ 0.26 favorable electric 2/18/15-3/17/15 12,849 $ 7,612 $ 0.59 12,849 $ 3,570 $ 0.28 3/17/15-4/17/15 15,575 $ 9,092 $ 0.58 15,575 $ 3,852 $ 0.25 4/17/15-5/17/15 12,578 $ 7,752 $ 0.62 12,578 $ 3,811 $ 0.30 rate structure, 5/17/15-6/16/15 15,463 $ 10,243 $ 0.66 15,463 $ 3,715 $ 0.24 6/16/15-7/17/15 15,854 $ 10,123 $ 0.64 15,854 $ 4,090 $ 0.26 7/17/15-8/18/15 15,169 $ 9,966 $ 0.66 15,169 $ 4,292 $ 0.28 the electric buses 8/18/15-9/17/15 15,089 $ 9,902 $ 0.66 15,089 $ 3,840 $ 0.25 9/17/15-10/17/15 14,636 $ 8,664 $ 0.59 14,636 $ 3,783 $ 0.26 10/17/15-11/18/15 15,004 $ 8,086 $ 0.54 15,004 $ 3,763 $ 0.25 have also 11/18/15-12/16/15 12,453 $ 6,076 $ 0.49 12,453 $ 3,363 $ 0.27 12/16/15-1/20/16 14,483 $ 6,976 $ 0.48 14,483 $ 3,636 $ 0.25 1/20/16-2/15/16 11,100 $ 5,166 $ 0.47 11,100 $ 3,675 $ 0.33 averaged a cost 2/15/16-3/16/16 15,146 $ 6,778 $ 0.45 15,146 $ 3,724 $ 0.25 3/16/16-4/18/16 16,046 $ 7,532 $ 0.47 16,046 $ 3,821 $ 0.24 4/18/16-5/18/16 15,389 $ 7,310 $ 0.48 15,389 $ 3,667 $ 0.24 per mile that is 5/18/16-6/16/16 14,586 $ 5,974 $ 0.41 14,586 $ 3,955 $ 0.27 6/16/16-7/19/16 14,265 $ 8,391 $ 0.59 14,265 $ 4,168 $ 0.29 7/19/16-8/16/16 12,662 $ 8,897 $ 0.70 12,662 $ 4,125 $ 0.33 less than half the 8/16/16-9/19/16 14,409 $ 9,776 $ 0.68 14,409 $ 4,322 $ 0.30 9/19/16-10/18/16 11,197 $ 7,059 $ 0.63 11,197 $ 3,956 $ 0.35 10/18/16-11/18/16 15,535 $ 8,813 $ 0.57 15,535 $ 3,725 $ 0.24 cost per mile for 11/18/16-12/16/16 12,328 $ 5,892 $ 0.48 12,328 $ 3,648 $ 0.30 12/16/16-1/19/17 13,712 $ 6,969 $ 0.51 13,712 $ 3,648 $ 0.27 $ 0.58 $ 0.28 1/19/17-2/16/17 13,817$ $ 0.58 7,748 $ 0.56 13,817 $ 3,898 $ 0.28 the non-electric 2/16/17-3/16/17 12,931 $ 6,912 $ 0.53 12,931 $$ 0.28 3,590 $ 0.28 3/16/17-4/19/17 16,898 $ 9,063 $ 0.54 16,898 $ 3,960 $ 0.23 4/19/17-5/17/17 11,355 $ 6,153 $ 0.54 11,355 $ 3,404 $ 0.30 fleet. 5/17/17-6/16/17 11,472 $ 5,377 $ 0.47 11,472 $ 3,959 $ 0.35

Monthly Average 13,963 8,132 $ 0.58 13,963 $ 3,844 $ 0.28 Cumulative Totals 460,767 268,370 $ 0.58 460,767 $ 126,848 $ 0.28 Seneca’s CO2 reduction from their electric bus deployment is equivalent to The greenhouse gas emission from…..

Or, the carbon sequestered by….

Note: Equivalencies data based on EPA greenhouse gas emissions equivalencies calculator for net lbs of CO2 reduced Keys to the Success of the All-Electric Model 1. Ensure adequate funding for the start of the conversion to electric service 2. Get information from agency's that are using the technology [Doran Barns invited us to Foothill Transit] 3. Determine the electric rate structure & use rate modeling in your planning. Start working on officials to enact a transportation rate 4. Study the route modeling data to determine the type of bus for the route, i.e. Quick Charge or Extended Range buses a) Round trip mileage of the route b) Daily total mileage c) Topography d) Route schedule, timing e) Possible location of charging stations 5. Shadow the diesel buses with different vendor’s vehicles to see if the model works before going out for bid 6. Make the bid include the needs that have come out of the route study Future Plans for Deployment

1. Clemson Area Transit has recieved additional NOLO funding to use all electric buses on the streets of Clemson and Central, South Carolina, adding to the Seneca model. 2. Seneca has also recieved additional funding to expand its service to more of Oconee County.