** The HILL* GENERaL

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THE GENERAL PAGE 2

;he 1VAtON "Imt @~~.n~L3~r1 The Avalon Hill Philosophy- Part 3 ... a losing venture published bi-monthly, pretty As most of you know, the Battle of niver sary, May of 1966. Here it is close to the first day of January, March, May, July, Jutland has finally been released by exactly one year later. What happened? Septcluber and November. The Avalon Hill Company. It is the one DUNNIGAN: Well, first my Spring The General is edited and published by The battle game in Avalon Hill's line that final s happened. And then the new G I Avalon Hill Company alOl0st solely for the cul• has varied from its time-tested land Bill happened which allowed me to at• tural edification of adult gaming. (It also helps to battle formulae. The very fact that its tend school during the Summer. I also sell Avalon Hill products, tool) de sign concept is totally different from had KAMPF to contend with and after a Articles from subscribers are considered for any of the other games, necessitated a two week vacation in September it was publicatioIJ on a gratis contributory basis. Such lengthy period of testing - the reason back up to Columbia for the regular articles nUlst be typewritten and not exceed 700 why Jutland was not published on its Fall seme ster. About that time I be• words. Examples and diagrams that accompany such articles must be drawn in black , ready projected publication date of March I st. lieve you finally cornered me (in stack for reproduction. No notice can be given regar• Here in the offices of the General, level 5 of Butler Library I believe) and ding acceptance of articles for publication. James Dunnigan, publisher of Kampf found out that I thought you had said Magazine, and re search director for All back issues, except V01.1, Nos.! & 4, which sixty instead of fifty. Now maybe they'll are out of stock, arc available at $1.00 per issue. "Project Jutland", was interviewed re• move your office out from under the

Full-year subscriptions @ $4.98. garding his contribution to the project. boiler room. Seriously, because I had to prove a point to Avalon Hill, the de• ©1967 The Avalon Hill Conlpany, Baltimore, THE GENERAL: Mr. Dunnigan - what l\1aryland. printed in U.S.A. exactly is your organization Kampf? lay was caused by my researching the DUNNIGAN: Actually, Kampf is some• historical data from every conceivable thing of an experiment. All of the people source imaginable, cross-indexing this involved in Kampf are college students information over and over again. COVER STORY: either graduate or undergraduate and THE GENERAL: Avalon Hill's selection what we are trying to do in Kampf is to of Jutland in the first place is built on find a new approach to presenting his• the premise that a ship to ship naval Never before has the pre-publication tory. game is needed to complement their announcement (March issue) of a new THE GENERAL: As far as Avalon Hill land battle titles. Now, Mr. Dunnigan, game met with such an of is concerned who got in touch with who? exactly what was the historical situation inquiries ... mostly regarding the man• DUNNIGAN: When I first developed and background leading up to the battle ner of play without the need of a playing Kampf it was done quite independently of Jutland? board of some sort. of Avalon Hill. The first issue was DUNNIGAN: Most people don't realize Those of you who are already inpos• published and really had not been meant it but the Battle of Jutland was probably se s sion of the game, need read no furth• as an assault on the Avalon Hill game the most crucial battle in the first er. Move straight to "Avalon Hill Phi• Battle of the Bulge. Actually I was World War. What brought that on was losophy - Part 3". (Do not pass Go, more incensed at the official history the deadlo ck on the Western and Ea st• do not collect $200). You know, by now, than I was at the game. However, ern fronts. Britian' s superior Navy that the immensity of maneuver pre• Avalon Hill recognized that my thinking had blockaded Germany in 1914. Ger• cluded its play on a regular, or even and their thinking as to the presentation many soon realized that she would be king size, playing board. Maneuvering of military hi story ran parallel to one starved out of the war unle s s she broke individual ship counter s, approximately another and coming back from one of this blockage. Unwilling to risk her 2" long, requires much more space than my frequent trips to Washington to do inferior fleet in a surface engagement does the 1/2" Troop counters. While research I stopped off at Baltimore and she had first sought to blockade England it would have been possible to incor• we had a discus sion about Bulge - both with her submarines by sinking mer• porate play on a playing board, as was the game and the Kampf issue. chant ships around and about England. actually done on an original mock-up THE GENERAL: Then apparently Avalon Germany invariably took American test version, the sacrifice of realism Hill approached you with the idea of lives. The United States responded by was too great. digging up the historical data for Jut• threatening to enter the war on the side land. of the allies unless Germany ceased In brief, greater emphasis has been DUNNIGAN: Actually it was a bolt out endangering American lives and prop• placed on re-captu:dng historical ac• erty. Germany realized then that un• curacy than for any other game. Ample of the blue. I had never thought of de• signing a game. My intere st had al• less she defeated the British surface optional rules in the Tournament Game fleet she would starve her self out of the allow players to face some, or all, of ways been in history. I sympathized with Avalon Hill's problems in design• war within three years. This is what the problems that confronted the actual actually happened. There was in fact commanders, Jellicoe and Scheer. ing game s. I realized they had to bal• general starvation in Germany in 1919 The only problems you will confront ance playability with historical authen• ticity. I also realized in researching - less than six months after the War is where to find the game. Since AH ended. deals mostly through wholesalers, who the first issue of Kampf that it would in turn sell to retail stores, We learn be no easy matter to combine both of THE GENERAL: Historians have com• the names and addresses of only a these elements, playability and authen• mented that the battle of Jutland was small number of outlets where they're ticity. the first and last general action between sold. Try those listed on page 14 of THE GENERAL: When did you actually modern battleships. Actually, how thi s, and pa st issue s, for a starter. begin the research on this game? many battle ships were sunk in this DUNNIGAN: Actually I began it the event? Jutland retails for $6.98 - mail moment Avalon Hill approached me DUNNIGAN: Actually, no battle ships order s at this price, (add 65~ for special with an offer to de sign the game. It at all were sunk. The battleships at delivery) can now be accepted. How• was, I believe in April, 1966. that time were masterpieces of modern ever, you will probably get it quicker THE GENERAL: You realize, Mr. Dun• technology. Protection of the se ships from your favorite outlet who will have nigan, that Jutland was originally sched• including compartmentalization, foot Jutland in stock right now. uled to be published on its fiftieth an- thick side armor, armored bulkheads. PAGE 3 THE GENERAL Damage control was so great that the British but was in fact scuttled by its was a very time consuming portion of only way you could poereibly link one of German crew because it was unable to the design and probably one of the major these ship^ was to take the crew off it get back to port, due to itr alow speed reasons why it took almost a year to do. and use it for gunnery practice. caused by 24 heavy shell hits. At that Actually, what was the hairiest part of THE GENERAL: In other words in thia time the British Fleet was between the the design of this game? game there are going to be a heck of a Lutzow and The High Seas FIeat. The DUNNIGAN: When it cornea to sheer iot of floating lying around on the Germana alao lost the 13.000 ton prs- diiiculty, and that's not just the drud- living room floor. How have you re- dreadnought battleship Pommern which gery involving reaearch, T would aay flected this in the rules of the game? took two torpedoes amidships during a that the most difficult designaspectwas DUNNIGAN: You will notice that each night British destroyer attack. The in writing the rulee. We of the Kampf ship ie ar~igneda protection factor. Germans ale0 loat four light cruisers design team made the usual miltake This protection factox reflects two and five destroyer^. The British even amateur game designers make when we things. For one it reflects the amount admitted after the battle that the in- wrote up rules which lefttoo many loop- of heavy armor piercing ahells that feriority of their own shells and the holes. Avalon Hill har learned tong would have to hit the ship in a short superiority of the German protection ago that even in a game with little or period of time in order to detinate the undoubtedly aaved as many as half a no historical relationship the rules must ship's magazines. In the case of the dozen German battleships from certain be very precise - otherwime the gar- heavily armored battlerhipa this was destruction. wilI go off into unrealistic and unwieldly practically impossible . The protection THE GENERAL: Iu the deeiga of the hngeata which ao one planned, wanted factor alao reflectlp the ability of the game we find that Germany's 23 capital or will enjoy. In Jutland we tried to ship to stay afloat in the face of water ahipm were superior to the Britieb in recreate the original ~ituatioaar much line attack usually by torpedoes but all categories that mattered. They as pocrsible. Good game design would often by ahell also. For example, the were better armored and protected, provide the basic alementa of the aitu- Konig has a protection factor of 14. they used superior tactics and deepite ation but without rules which accurately Thin means that it would take 14 hita the uaually larger caliber of Britieh reflected the conditions under which the in one battle turn in order to sink this guns managed to give as well as they original commandere labored good de- 26,000 ton battle ship. got in a gun duel. Now, exactly how sign could produce a totally unrealistic THE GENERAL: Well what happens if did you determine the gunnery factors situation. Our expensive play test pro- it only sustained, eay 11hits in a single for each of the ships? gram has, as we hope, proved that we turn ? DUNNIGAN: The fir st que stiw I had to have overcome the rule problem. DUNNIGAN: Eleven hita would do coa- answer waa, what aank a ship? I found THE GENEML: X Bee that much thought siderable permanent damage, but only out that practically nothing could sink been to to the ship1@machinery and weapons. these hips. Actual fire power consirt- and time has devoted the play you This would not sink the ship in that turn ed of a number of variables. The moat temt evaluation queetionnaire that out unlerr the ahip had already been turned important were ability of shells to Bent to pre-testerr. Exactly of what value were these play-testers to into a defenseless previously. penetrate armor, and not caliber and Generally speaking, it takes twice the - weight of shall. Rate of fire was Im- you? DUNNIGAN: the very protection factor, in thia case 28 hits, portant since the smaller the gun the We realizedfrorn beginning that Jutland. like other Ava- to ink a ship. Fourteen would do it in higher was the rate. Fire control pro- lon HilL games, would be played by one turn but the odds against mabg cedures and equipment and of course people with a wide variety of interests that many hits in one battle turn are the skill of the gun crews themselves some of them would be iatereeted quite high. What this I1magicnumberw were also important. result - mainly in military history - o~ers of 14 iadicates is the number of hitr was, of course, percentage of effective wodd be interested mainly in a good in a short period of time that would shells 1 that hit the target. emphasize game while still others would be inter- "short circuit" the ship's damage con- nearly effective becauae half of the ested in the reactions of themselves trol ability. Be sides causing massive heavy British armored piercing shells and their friends in an unusual situation. internal damage we consider this num- duds Our prob- were against armor. What our extensive random play test ber of hits to be sufficient to penetrate lem how was Len to relay tbe effective- program tried to do was to reach aa and detonate the mhipls magazhes. ness of fire power with the effectiveness many &iff ereat type 6 of Avalon Hill cus This was, in fact, the only thing that - of protection. We handled fire power tomere as po~sibleand see what their could, and did, sink these ships so number, first. Taking an arbitrary say reaction^ would be to the game. What quickly. for gun, one, the smallest type heavy we tried to do in effect with the play that is the German 11 inch 40 calibre THE GENERBL: Getting back to our test program was to please everyone. original question, exactly which ships long we proceeded ta rate it, using the Every criticism, every question as to base no. all in were adat Jutland? 1, against other guns the game and its rules we tried to satie- accordance with the previously laid DUNNIGAN: Oa the British ~idethe by by modifying the game. Thim was our 19,000 ton battle cruiaer Indefatigable, down criteria. This gave us fire time consuming. It was also very was found to the 27, 000 ton battle cruiser Queen power. The range be de- frustrating. Ba~icallythough the real Mary cruirer pendent mainly on the effective range and the 17,000 ton battle value of the play teeters was in debug- of the fire control equipment, which was Invincible ware literally blow out of ging the game. the water by the Germanbattle cruisere. about 20,000 yards. All the heavy guns In addition the 13,000 to 14, 000 ton at Jutland could fire at least that far. THE GENERAL: Well we notice that armored cruiaer B Defense, Black Prince The effectiveness of fire changed with you also had some difficulty in the his- and Warrior were similarly shot to range mainly because of the efficiency torical data it~slf. For inrtanca, the pieces. The British also l08t 8 dee- of the fire control equipmeat. Once we BO-called authentic historical data of troyera. The superior protection of hew how many effective hit6 could be three very prominent BOUrCtB, Die the German ships enabled the Gerrnan~ delivered by each ship we had to deter- Deutechen Kriegschiffe, Jane8 fighting to come out of the battle with far fewer mine how many hits would be needed to shipe aadBra~ssy'sNavalAnnua1. They los~es. The Germans only lost one short-circuit, as we began to Bay, the don't even agree on the deck plans of battIe cruiser, Lutzow, and this 26,000 target hips damage control. certain ships so who do you go by in ton hip was not actually sunk by the THE GENERAL: Obvious, then, thi~ the me instances ? j

THE GENERAL PAGE 4 DUNNIGAN: I usually go by the seat of ance" trap. Again the key to the whole wind, thickness of transverse bulkheads, my pants. Janes and Brassey's usually pro blem was good, solid, nothing left to fuel capacity of the destroyers, men• contain accurate deck plans of British chance research. tality of the ship and division command• ships but when it came to German ships THE GENERAL: Not let's get into the ers, fire control and damage control there were wide variations. There procedures, the system of manufactur• were also certain variations in the Brit• digging up of the historical data itself. How were you able to combine this usu• ing and proof testing shells as well as ish ships as changes were made during ally irreconsolable marriage between many other seemingly minor variables the war that Janes or Bras seys did not historical accuracy and playability? would have a profound effect on the de• catch. Actually this wasn't a very im• DUNNIGAN: Actually history is some• sign of the game if they were left un• portant point. However I did follow thing of a game itself. History is often noticed and not incorporated in the game through on it and we tried to incorporate called the study of cause and effect. If itself. Thus the more authentic the re• as much as possible accurate data for the causes are known the effect might search for the game the easier it is to the deck plans. For the Germans the be open to s tatis tic al predic tion. It is devise rules which take into account best source was not Janes or Brassey on this supposition that Avalon Hill's every eventuality. but Erich Groner's Die Deutschen game formulae is based. If we depend THE GENERAL: By the looks of things, Kriegschiffe. I, myself, am still un• on history itself for the rules of the you've certainly done your part. Jut• decided at this point as to how far Ava• game we will have in effect united his• land is probably the most accurately lon Hill plans to go with historical au• tory with game playability. However, researched game in the entire line. If thenticity in their games design after the the depth of research is all important • obvious success of Jutland. it plays as well as it has been research• nothing can be left to chance. We must ed, then we can look forward to a "long Just out of curiosity, what are Ava• put the player as much as possible into run", as they say in theatrical circles. lon Hill's thoughts in this area? the same position as the original com• We thank you again for being with us THE GENERAL: From this point on mander. Thus, it is not enough simply and wish you continued success with Avalon Hill's philosophy will be to place to obtain an accurate order of battle "Kampf" . historical accuracy uppermost in the and an accurate account of the original future design of games. If balance is campaign or battle. Reading between what the players want, then they can the line of history we find that in Jut• ED NOTE: Information on Kampf can obtain this by a proper selection of the land, for instance, such mundane tech• be obtained from: 8512 Fifth Avenue, optional rules that we will include to nical matters as the direction of the Brooklyn, New York. satisfy this sort of thing. Incidentally this game balance bit has been some• what of a thorn in the side of Avalon Hill. Let's face it - most battles are Simultaneous Movement not balanced to begin with. One side by Frederick R. Guest felt that they had a definite advantage in the first place or they wouldn't even 1. Use two acetate sheets -- one sheet ers is indicated by writing a number on have made an attack. Mr. Dunnigan per side. the sheets with a grease pencil. what are your thoughts on balancing a a. Each counter or group of count- game with historical setting. ,sql.Lo,e.!> o\(' H~J'.c~c\\S DUNNIGAN: A game that has been care• ~ Ty\?'" a".l Va1u.c:.. fully designed according to reliable his• o!r c. ou.Y\ t.eY'~ K~ \,1:: torical information is like a piece of 0\'\ -a s hc:.c:.t o~ p ap<::\A precision machinery. When you set out ~ to alter it, say for purpose of "play 15 9= 1'2..-ll-. I""a~t~y balance" you must either do extensive (.t~ ., redesign work or else watch the game 15 IS = 2.Y\J " change considerably, usually for the 5th , worse. JUTLAND was a good example L __ ~._i.~ ...lQih of this. From the very beginning the b. After each side records his move• Germans realized that they were losers. c. Battles occur only if the time of Their idea of a "victory" was to mere• ments, the acetate sheets are put to• movement for each is identical when ly cut the British fleet down to size so gether on the game board to resolve meeting. that they could LATER engage them in battle s, if any. a full scale "battle for the North Sea.". The British, on the other hand, had their prestige and the "Trafalgar Tra• (AI (Bj dition" to worry about. Unless they won a great victory the world would realize, as Jellicoe and a few others already had, that the British fleet was 2. "j-\ not invincible. And then there was the 3 q -T1r--I-- --';''1 IS! - problem of the British trying to get I A B .: \~'Ie;5 ~T§±.~~-~c..i) J11~r~ through the German controlled Baltic to , --+--i---I ~;__--1-!--+-_+---111 I 9 I , Russia. In dealing with the problem of + 1 J ~TI 5. I 1 I I I Jl I I I i I "conditions of victory" and "play bal• "I I i .Ll-.J'JcrlJ--[I...1 ance" we thought primarily in terms of "incentives". That is, we sought to re• create in the game the same incentives (A) No battle because Red was in and in square E3 and Blue 9 in D3. Battle which originally brought the two fleets out of square E2 before Blue 9 got into would also have occurred if Red 15 together. By sticking to the historical position D3. would have remained in E2 after a move format we neatly avoided the "play-bal- (B) Battle takes place with Red 15 of 1. PAGE 5 THE GENERAL 2. Attrition table would have to be re- one aide is attacking the opponent's The odds would &en be Blue 5 - 3 fac- vised to account for bnth armies in counters which have not moved (as- tors, Red 2, 4aud 6 = 19factorsor 6- . movement when meeting. Present aumed to be on the defenrive). to- 1. Uee the. "Both Armiea Moving ' BLITZKRIEG table would be used when Table" in &is situation, since at such I an overwhelming superiority of atrtngth EXAMPLE of Table when Both Armies are Moving: it is asaumed that-Red 2 -would also a seize the initiative with Red4 and 6 and R Fr counter-attach If Red 6 was only 2 factors strong, the battle would be re- rolved a8 follows:

\I Factor to

If, for example, a battle of three-to- move in cases where more than one one war taking place on a roll of 3, the factor is lost. Also, a forward move group with the odds of 1 would lose 2 of 1 mnve in case the opposing player factors. losea more than 2 factnrs. This rule I suggest a retreat movement of 1 also applies to the BLITZKRIEG Table. BATTU EXAMPLES: T'he identity and strength of counters' 2 squares away from each other would (A) be revealed and positions marked on ownacetate sheet, if desired. All oLer positions would be revealed at the time the sheets are placed one on top of the other, but not the identity and strength. Secrecy and bluffing could be used to incorporate the element of surprise into the game.

Blue 5 movee to Dl ; Red 4 moves to trition Table i~ used in resolving the E2;Red2remainsoaE1. Battlsoc- battlewithRedZain~eRed2i~onthe curs between Blue 5 and Red 2 and 4. defensive. The table to be uaed for the Blue 5 may soak off against Red 2, remaining forces of Blue 5 versus Red sinceBlnei8theattaclper, butBlue5's 4i~Le,~~WthArmiasWagTable," remaining forces must be used against as previously described. Red 4. The present BLITZKRtEG At-

Ia (A) 13, 15, 17 and 19, all are weak units, but Red does not know it, although he lmowe there are at least four unita Le~e.Red would know the identity of Blue L and 7 and Blue would know the identity of Red 2. The Blue This example is the same a5 in (A) before The attacker engaging Blue 5. 13, 15. 17 and I9 could very well each exceptthatBlue7isaowinthepicture. hasthechoiceof how manyfactors he be stacked to the maximum of 12 fac- Red 4 must deploy a part of his forces will deploy against units in a defensive tors. The completely hidden rule, am againstBlue7,whoisonthedefensive. position. devised by AVALON-HILL, could also EXAMPLE OF SOAK-OFFS be used. 3. To simplify recounting moves, each turn should be made in two phases: Blue 5 = 3 factors 6~3 ;w Red 2 - 12 factors EXAMPLE: 'd Red 4 = 4 factors Red 6 - 3 factors

Blue 5 must aoak off against Red 2 and 6, which would be a 7-to-I odds. at least 1-to-6. This leaves Blue 5 However, greater than 6-to-1 odds with only 1 factor to use against Red 4 would enable Red 4 and b to aid Red 2.

THE GENERAL TAt vs Iwf ou Art;\\-

4. MORE ON AIR MOVEMENT:

Each player would determine, se- cretly, the number of planes to be used for the attack. Fighters not participat- ing in attacks could be used to intercept the other playera attacking planes. The line of flight of attacking aircraft would then be indicated on the acetate sheets and then placed as in lb above under simultaneous movement. After this is done, intercepting fighters could be used. However, intercepting fighters could not begin their fIights until at- tacking plans are at least 5 squares away from friendly -units.

EXAMPLE: J

THE GENERAL PAGE 8

Red fighters could not begin their A record should be kept of the num• Between June 1941 and November 1942 the number of Soviet Infantry for• fl~ght until attacking Blue reache s square ber of moves that were used up in each G3, which is 5 squares away from Red square. This is important, especially mations had increased from 175 to 442 15 on L2. Therefore, Red would com• during short range bombing runs, when although a large number of these were plete the second subdivi sion of the phase a longer period of time over a square rifle brigade s. The number of armored on square N3 and Blue on square 14. affords a better chance of making con• formations increased in both quantity The interception would be made on tact with units that might be passing and quality with the mass production of square L4 where Blue and Red com• through the square that is being strate• the new and superior T-34. As for pleted subdivision 3. It is assumed that gically bombed. numbers, armored and mechanized bri• gades increased from 78 to 186 and in Red remained on square L4 an additional 5. MISCELLANEOUS: 2 moves, since itonlytook two moves to the spring of 1942 they were reorganized get to that square, while it took Blue 3 into armored and mechanized corps a. Artillery - Range 2 squares-• putting them at par with their German move s to ge t to the same square. Red I roll of die per 4 attack factors -• fighter s could have continued onto square armored divisional counterparts. Mean• Roll of 1 or 6 - opponent loses 1 factor. while the number of Soviet cavalry di• J4. In this case, contact would have b. Navie s should be allowed to been made somewhere between squares visions increased from 30 to 35. blockade ports. No supply or reinforce• J4 and L4. The German's forces at this time ments through a blockaded port. were increased only by a few divisions In the above example, even though c. Strands of War - In the "Art of \] fighters move at a rate of 4 squares mo st of which came from Italy and War on Land," Lt. Colonel A. H. Burns, Hungary. per subdivision, Red fighters moved D. S. 0., mentions four strands of war; only 2 squares during the second sub• these could be built into the game: It should be noted that in this period division ",f the phase. This repre sents 1. The commander - quality & ca• just previous to Stalingrad the Soviet the remaining moves (after being de• pability. tected) of the attacking aircraft for the Army at the front had increased its 2. The troops - quality and capabil- superiority at a rate of at least 2:1 in same (second) subdivision. This lag ity. men and 3: 1 in tanks. With the German compensates for fighter take-off pre• 3. Morale. losses at Stalingrad the German on• paration time, after the fighters have 4. Resources. been alerted of the attacking aircraft slaught stopped. Not yet decided the Build the se strands of war into the outcome of the Eastern campaign was by land units 15 on square L2. (THIS game by the use of tables. now in doubt. IS AN EXCEPTION TO THE "MOVE BY Comments to: Frederick R, Gue st, PHASE ONLY RULE. ") In the spring of 1943 the Soviets It would take a SAC group longer 50 Maricrest Drive, Tonowanda, New were forced to refit and regroup due to York 14150. the mud. The Germans tried to do the than two turns to complete a total of 40 same, but the loss of the 6th Army square s - - the allowable total numbe r of moves' MDM would take longer than couldn't be made up. So the number of The Red Army German formations dropped from their one turn for 20 squares. FTR, one by Victor J. Gervol, Jr. turn for the 24 squares allowed. TAC peak of 214 to 190 although this included less than one turn for 16 squares, etc. In this brief article I am going to the losses of many allied formations: try to outline in cold hard facts the Romanians, Hungarians, Italians, etc. Flight could begin during any phase (any The number of Russian formations subdivision for intercepting fighters) growth of the Russian Army in World and could overlap into the next phase or War II. I hope that I can show you the at this time rose again: Infantry divi• turn. A re striction that should be made reader what faced the Germans and sions and brigades increased from 442 what the odds were. Hitier's campaign is that plane s, upon returning to their to 513, armored and mechanized bri• base, must wait at least one phase be• against the Russians ended in 1945 in gades rose from 186 to 290 and cavalry divisions increased from 35 to 41. The fore being used again. the rubbled streets of a gutted Berlin; Aircraft must make or use up their this is the story of the army that ended manpower score stood as follows: Rus• maximum number of moves per phase the thousand year Reich. sian Frontline troops 5. 1 million. At the outbreak of the Second World German and allied front line troops 3 while in flight, according to the Table. million. During first phase, aircraft in flight War in 1939, the USSR had an estimated can move less than the maximum num• army of 108 Rifle or infantry divisions, Production also went up for the So• ber of move s (Repre sents different take• 36 armored or mechanized brigades viets, the monthly tank production fig• off times. ) and 30 cavalry divisions. By the start ure s was 2000 per month, Soviet artil• of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, lery had increased, and the Soviet Army Aircraft mayor may not move while became mobile with the deliveries of in flight. However, the maximum num• the se figure s had risen to 175 Rifle divisions, 78 armored or mechanized American trucks - 434,000 since the ber of moves, per phase, is still used summer of 1942. 1 up except during first phase, as stated brigades, while the number of cavalry divisions remained the same. In man 1943' s summer also marked the .J above. This enables FTR's, regardless of different movement factors, to es• power the score stood at: The Soviet creation of 29 new Soviet formations -• cort bombers. Army 4.7 million men, The German The Soviet artillery division. Army 3.3 million men. The battle of Kursk was a draw, the I would like at this time to point out Soviets replaced their tank loss within EXAMPLE: 'I .~Y' P\..a~ a few months, the Germans never re• o",e.5 f I'" the superiority of the German Army in both training and quality. A single covered. German tank division could and did ~~: 71 [ffi In 1944 the Red Army reached its often times out perform entire Russian peak World War II strength although ac• SAc 2,';:' ""' < " "~rT--r-rlIrro tank corps, this however was not due to cording to Ge.rman calculations, it had i superior German equipment, but to suffered 14 million casualtie s. In that

= ~ nL.t\VlbeY 0& German soldier performance. Indeed, year Germany lost the war in a series the Soviet tanks during WWII were su• of attacks by the Russians known as 2. 11='\=

Navy & Air Force Oct. 9 2BB- Kongo, Haruna IBB- North Carolina

in Guadalcanal Nov. I3 ZBB - Hiei, Kirishima 2BB- Washington, South Dak. ... by Richard C. diberson 5DD- Sapidare, Teruzuki, 4DD- Benham, Gwh, Inazuma, Shir ayulci, Preston, Walke - Anyone familiar with the Battle of Hat~uyuki Guadalcanal realiees that the Navy had p a prime role in the overall action. * Indicates earliest date of arrival on playing lmardd THE GENERAL PAGE 10 TURN 5 same as TURN 4. TURN 6 ing either select units or, if you wish, German Operation 'Barbarossa' after same as TURN 3. TnN 7 same as entire sets to your games in the approxi- which it's named. The German forces TURN 2. TURN 8 same as movement mate ratio of five to two can allow at- were blue and the Russians were red. portion of TURN 1. tackers to carry on a truly sustained Soon this wasn't quite enough, however, Ships should dl be "off the board" at offensive or a dual advance; because the German wanted to be able the end of movement on TURN 8. If can afford minor counterattacks without to do what his actual predecessors did; not it is assumed they were damaged disengaging the very mainstays of their namely, have many divergent, powerful, and not able to move. They may not line. and simultaneous advances underway; again be moved till the next week on A good example of the beneficial ef- while The Russian wanted to have a TURN 2. Ships still on the board for fect~oiescalationcan be seen inD-Day. (counter- )attack ability without having two consecutive weeks are automatical- Most of you are aware of the essentially to withdraw the keystone units of his de- ly sunk. setpiece nature of the game. Maybe fensive line. As in war everywhere some of you old hands can recall that these days, the call of escalation sound- SHIP MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS line from the '61 Reference Folder about ed sweetly, and off we went. Today the the 'lmobile battle situation somewhere German has 1200 units of all types, in- Ship movement next to the island is in central. France, lf and just how often cluding air, marines, ranger s, artillery, restricted as follows: TR and DD can it occurred. Well, now it can. Add an and paratroop^, facing 900 Rus sianuaits move on the ocean square adjacent to Afrika Korps set to each side and twelve equally varied. The troop counters are a coast square. They must be on such more infantry divisions to the "D- Daytt all AH ones and presently include five a square to disembark troops and/or group in Britain. With the German AK D-Day sets, two Waterloo, two Stalin- supplies. There must be one ocean units having to start behind Paris, you grad, elements of two Afrika Korps, square between CA or CL and land, -can see a lively, fluid battle. I per- two Blitzkriegs, and one each of Guadal- and two ocean squares between BB and sonally use a tripled Allied army and a canal, Chancellorsville, and Bulge. land. Ships may move 'faround" the doubled German army with all the AK Play takes a couple of days, but when land areas at a cost of one movement units of one set thrown in. Tripled it's over, you've fought an exciting factor from their turn allowaacea. navies in Midway make for real action. back-and-forth campaign that I feel is Movement is allowed on the lettered We all know how the Germans mtand in the actual objective of any true wax- and numbered square a. Stalingrad; try escalation there. gamer. Only one ship can occupy a square Some words of caution: 1) Some AH Comments, inquiries, or your spare (several may enter the board through games are delicately balanced. You and unwanted Guadalcanal or Blitzkrieg- the same square). Ships have no "zone could double the Russians and quintuple air counter 6 will be appreciated by John of controlo1thus enemy ships may move the Germans in Stalingrad and still play, Michalski, 1118 S. 35th Street, Mil- past each other on adjacent squares but a game like Bulge would be destroy - waukee, Wis. 53215. without stopping. ed. I wouldn't advise large increases Ships leaving the board one week in Bulge, Waterloo, or Afrika Korps, cannot reappear until the third week although you can juggle them some. Rommel's Thrust - 1941 following. Thus ships leaving the board 2) When miking armie~,be sure the by Doug Cragoe on Aug. 7 cannot reappear 'til Aug. 28. armies correspond in strategic posture. Ships can be llrspairedtiat the rate of Don't add Bulge armiea to D-Day or Wen Rommel arrived in North one "hitit removed for each additional Stalingrad, for instance, of the "bluelf Africa in March of 1941, he found the week beyond the minimum that they armies will be lucky to hold their own. Italian Army and Air Force in bad re- atay off the board. It isn't enough to reda with reds pair. The British O'Connor Campaign and blues with blues--all of one side had captured the city of Agheila and SCORING must be strategically offensive, the large numbers of men and supplies. other defensive. Only ships that are ~unkscore. BB- {See Mar-Apr. issue. ) But Rommel Let me anticipate the cries of those had 15 pts. CA, TR-12 pts. CL, DD-9 pts, brought with him the 5th Light Divi- who howl about "realism. In regular sion (Thi~unit wars renamed the Zlst Surface combat, Air power and Lo- D-Day you have every ftrealftunit that Panzer later*. ) The 15th Panzer would gistics will be discussed next month was in the Allied army, but how 41rea111 (issue that is). Comments and other- is it if you have only twelve divisions wi~eto Richard C. Giberson. 1422 facing the Moselle and never even see * Each of Rommel's Panzer Divisions Agnes. Richland, Washington 99352. the Rhine? Isn't the course and nature was made up of: ofi the fighting more important than A Panzer Regiment of 2 battalions avoiding having two units with the same (sach of 4 companies). A company had Escalation . . . number on them? How "real" is it for 21 tanks. The total of the regiment was by John Michalski the collapse of Smolensk to correspond 194 tanks, including command and sig- with the collapse of German offensive nal tanks. However, until the spring each minus How often have you so weakened the ability ? of 1942 battalion was one enemy defense that just one more push Before closing, let me point out what company. By then the company was in- would break him, only to find your own can happen if you become addicted to cluded in eachbattalion and the propor- armies on the verge of extinction? How commanding true mass armies as I have. tion of medium tanks was increased. often has the loss of one attack reduced Out of four plain mapsheets from Avalon A Motorized Infantry Regiment of 3 your army to impotence? Or forced Hill ($1 apiece) 1 made a huge four-by- battalions (each of 4 companies). you to be unable to pose even a threat five foot board of central Europe en- An Artillery Regiment of 3 battalions to two fronts simultaneously? These compassing everything from Stettin to {of 3 batteries and each of 4 guna). One questions shouId call to mind MANY Sverdlov~kon the same scale as the D- battalion was heavily equipped with 150 games if you fight at all vigorously. Day board. The game initially was a MM howitzers. One answer to this maddening situation purely land one employing three blue An anti-tank Battalion (of 3 com- is escalation. The investment of a mere and two red D-Day armie s, some Stalin- panies, sach with 12 anti- tank guns). $1.20 for two additional sets of troop gradmiter, elements of two Afrika Korps An armored Reconnaissance Bat- counters can do wonders for you. Add- armies, and im vaguely based on the talion (with 30 armored cars). THE GENERAL %e landed in May. The location of the rived. The Zlst Panzer would make a true blitzkrieg that will capture Bas- British troops in Cyrenaicawas unknown upp porting attack from the south-east. togne by the third of fourth turn. A ,@ RommeI, therefore he thought the The attack was launched on the 3 1st of tall order? Not if you go about it prop- British might attack. .. turning the situ- April and beat back tha British holding erly. And this article is designed to ption from bad to worse. (Actually, the positions, threatening Axis supply lines. tell you bow to do it--9 times out of 10, :British had withdrawn many units and After this, however, the Afrika Korps The board is divided by the center fold *re not planning an attack. 1 did not have sufficient forces to take roughly in half- -Concentr ate your ef - Rommel attacked to gain the initia- the fortress. fort on the Southern half. .jive first. His 5th Panzer Regiment Get a 3 to 1 against the fourth divi- was equipped with 120 tanks but only 60 Operation Battleaxe sion's eighth regiment on TT31. This were mediiun (Panzer ILT and IV). The bottles up a thfrd of the AmericantB Prriete Division could also add 80 tanks. The German disposition of forces in strength on this aide--dess you get a hi^ attack was completely successful. June wae as follows: 15th Panzer oc- contact--in which case 418 will get >His Italian superiors tried to limit 'the cupied the Bardia, Salum front, the away, and you will have to kill it ,in attack but he pressed on. Later Berlin bulk of the 21 st was in reserve south of Diekirch next turn. Attack the 418 only :gave him supreme control of his army. Tobruk. To meet the British counter- from TT30 in order to force it back (51s attack waa divided in many direc- attack, the 15th had 80 tanks but rein- down the road, to the Southeast. Move %ions. Therefore, there would be many forced by tanka of the Zlst, totalled 150, across the river intn the vacated square c,~lumasmoving at the same time, all of which 95 were Panzer III orIV. Even --the regiments have an even harder ?having to have proper co-ordination, thoughRomme1 anticipated a British at- job to get around you then. If you "right directions and objectives. For tack he had only small supplie~of pe- should roll an exchange--you will have -this Romrnel was con~tantlyobserving trol. On the 15th of June the British in give up an 8-4 panzer grenadier but sthe movements and battles of his troops. launched their attack on the Salum front. this is a necessary risk. Attack 7/CCB :He flew from unit to unit in an airplane, Immediately the 21s t Panzer aided the at 8 to 14 on the off chance you will be ?guiding lost units, giving orders, and 15th. The battle ended three days later, able to move acroaa the river and aur- making his presence known to the troop#. a complete German victory. The Bri- round 7/CCB which should be attacked tish lost 87 bnks and about 500 men at 8 to 1. Attack 28/109 at 6 to 1. Use Assault on Tobruk while the Germans lost 570 men killed about half armor here--if you can ad- or captured and 25 tanks totally de~- vance 3 or four after combat, move on- Rommel's first attack was carried troyed. to the Clerf River. LLZ7 is always a out on April 12, 1941. The Brescia very nice square to advance to--es- of This battle irnpres sed Rommel's . Division (holding the western f~ont pecially if the Americans retreated superiors. They said they would rein- the fortress) would attack in addition to 28/109 into Clervaux. Do not attack the force the army with 2 more German fist Pauaer on SouthEast. The Zlst 28/llO, infantry units on 0023 and was front anti-tank mechanized divisions and about 7 Italian . ~talledin of an ditch, 0026 will keep it from bothering you-- armored and mechanized divisions. 1 @D Rommel decided to renew his at- or even escaping if you have ad~mced :'tempts a few days later when more However, these were not delivered. 3 or 4 after your attack on 281109. Put and With them Rommel said he could have ~rtillery the Ariete Division ar- a 5 -4 armor unit on 0022, an infantry with~toodthe British Winter Offensive. '+ivad. unit on PP19, and an infantry unit and second attack made .The major wag Doug Cragoe, 2 Linden Lane, Spring- yaur last 5-4 armor unit on QQl7. This the ar- field, Illinois 62707. by 15th Panzer that had just completes what would be Army Group South in a multi-player game. Army Group North is loaned a cou- ple of infantry divisions from the Fifth Panzer Army to kill 1061422 on TT14 the first turn and to capture St. ViL the second turh. The First SS divimion and those two loaned infantry divisions attack at 5 in I, which guarantees that they will be free to hit St. ViM next turn. One Regiment is placed on .VV 13 and cleverly moves to UU13, thus ~ur- rounding both regiments of the 106th that the German~can reach. The other regiment of that division and another division are placed on W11 to attack the 106/423 at two to one. Naturally the 5 to 1 is settled before the 2 to 1. The 14th armored cav is surrounded by two divisions--one each on TT9 and TT11. One regiment on TTll attacks it at om to 3, and will probably be able to retreat to SSl l and then RR12, ueat- ly bottling up the 99th division, even if How to Capture Antwerp Without Really Trying you don't get an engaged or contactwith your to attack from What by Richard Shagrin one two SS9. --you don't see how units can getthere? Friends, Romans, Countrymen-- Even though the Avdon Hill com- Well that fortress the 14th cav is in is lend me your ears ! I corns not to pany has seen fit to aid the "poor Amer- infernally convenient. Place unit on praise the Americans, I come ta bury ican", the Germans (you and I) can still UU8, move 0 TT9 and then down road them. easily stomp. All that i~ required is a to SS9. Remember to attack at one to THE GENERAL PAGE 12 two - -you don't want to drive him back-- assistance of Bob Collman, David But- just a iitt~ebit longer and throw the rmt with the new rules. Tbe other ler and Terry Griner in the develop- letter in the corner to sit for a month. regiment of the division attacks 99/361 ment of thi~offense. Any errorn and 6. You become angry at Avalon Hill also at one to two and the 9th SS divi- imperfections are, of course, my own for changing the rules to their games sion attacks 2/38 at 6 to 1 from SS7 respon~ibility. Richard A. Shagria, so often when you receive the first and, when 2/38 retreats to Monschau Room 356, Haggett Hall, University of PBM sheet from a new German opponent OP thereabouts, moves onto RR7, mat- Washington, Seattle. Washington 981 05. and he is: (a) isolating the 4-4-7 at ly severing the 2nd infantry division's Msus Korpe, chance of getting into action for about in Afrika (b) fighting an five turns. 8- 1 battle against the 4-6 cavalry dt TT-10 Well, there it is--with luck the A H Psychoanalysis at in Bulge, (c) setting up a heavy defensive force to prevent an ill- American has 4 units to hold he entire vasioa at South France in D-Day. front--two 7-4s in the south plus one By Jared Johnson regiment of the 28th division, either 7. It is a traumatic experience when Being an Avalon 109 or 110, since he has to hold Cler- Hill addict cannot you: (a) have to look at your opponent'^ fail vaux to cramp your supplies. And. in to have its effects in the develop- units upside down, (b) learn that Avalon ment of certain idiosyncrasies and the north, one regiment--the one in St. Hill has just come out with a new re- quirks. This little test should help Vith. Even if you get lousy die rolls, vised up-to-date version of a game and you you should have Bastogne before the to discover more about yourself by you have just purchased the old set, feaching down into your sub- conscious Paratroopers arrive to give the Ameri- (c) have just set up most of the units what playing cans the fortress making capability they and determining effects on the Order of Appearance Card, but Avalon games need to win. Remember to keep a unit Hill has had on you. the last piece in your hand and the va- hvo squares from all American unita I. If you see that your opponent is cant spot on the card do not match, you can, so that they cannot build for- about to make a 29-10 attack which he (d) lose an all- skill game by one lousy tresses. On the enclosed sample set- thinks is 3- 1, you will: (a) tell him roll of the die. up, for example, note that I have a unit before he rolls the die, (b) hardly be 8. The main disadvantage to playing on VV29--from the hard scb01 of ex- able to wait to tell h,im. . . . .after he PBM is: (a) you have a neverending perience I learned that if the American roll^ the die, (c) suggest he check fear of making a stupid mistake on the 4/16 is allowed to build a fortress on everything over carefully before he's Battle Sheet, thus check everything over VV31, your supplies are severely re- finished because although you don't ten times before sending it off, (b) you stricted. want to win a crucial battle in this don't get the satisfaction of watching manner, you still can't bring yourself your opponent sweat, (c) it seems ridi- PLAN TW3 sample !setup (Placement to inform him of his mistake outright. culous to spend a couple of dollars on of German Units in Bulge) stamps for a game that would cost noth- 2. While your opponent is taking his ing in person. ARMY GROUP NORTH turn you: (a) watch him carefully to 9. While your opponent is taking his SS7 95s make aure he doesn't cheat because turn, you: (a) keep asking him if he's $58 you are paranoic, (b) keep straighten- finished to upset him with your eager- ss9 ing up all of the units on the board nes a, and make him think he's made a T T9 everytime they are jiggled, because mi~takewhich you see and he doesn't, TT 1l you have an obsession with keeping (b) chuckle to yourself every time your UUll everything neat and orderly. (c) look opponent moves a piece, { c) look over UU13 through the rules for some new loop- the board, shaking your head, and mum- UU14 hole. bling tch, tch, (d) All of the above. TT15 3. When you are losing, you: (a) SS15 &art to complain about the crooked 10. When you are playing a war game dice. (b) start leafing carefully through you: (a) actually see the armies mov- ARMY GROUP SOUTH the rules, (c) give up easily so you ing across the land, the clash between can start again and get revenge, (d) armor and artillery, the cavalry men go on suicide charges because you get on horses splashing and charging across a thrill out of watching your units get the river, the fierce fighting and the eliminated in reckless baffles you didn't smoke of the battle, and hear the gun- dare risk while you still had a chance. shot and cannonfire, the plane^ diving overhead, and the commander P shout- has 4. When your opponent made a ing their orders to their troop, and feel big blunder early in the game, you: the thrill of victory as your men charge (a) ignore it because you donit want to across the battlefield and up the hill to win that way, (b) quickly takg advant- rout the enemy, (b) see a bunch of little age of it because you know you will be pieces of cardboard on a paper map able to win no other way, (c) refuse to with hexagons all over it. Comments take advantage of it but still point it Lehr/ 1 grenadiers, to Jared Johnson, 1548 Rochelle Drive, out to your opponent saying how you Chamblee, Georgia 30005. After com- VV 29 35 21704 if you could kill him wanted to but' your pleting the test check page 15 for evalu- going to give him a break because you ation of results This setup is particularly useful for don't want to ruin the game so soon. a multiple commander (from 2-8) game, and rub it in how stupid he ia, (d) usu- with two German commanders. The ally don't spot it in the first place. Army Group South commander should 5. Whenyou receiveyouropponentis be senior commander if there is no PBM sheets after a one-month interval RESULTS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS TEST: Theater commander. you: (a) quickly make your move and If you were able to find suitable answers return them the same day just to spite for more than six of the que st ion^, you I would like to mention the aid and him, (b) decide to keep him waiting need help! THE GENERAL Winners - Contest $18 OPPONENTS WANTED ADVERTISEMENT Please print or type your advertisement on & spaces prov£dedbelow, maxbnum

Congratulations goe 5 to David Butler, (inchding your name and address) 35 words per ad. 'who struck out the side. The fir st batter was erased on a low outside pitch, hitter #2 fell victim on a high outside pitch, and batter #3 was had on a high inside pitch. Those "rookie pitchers" earning .free games are: 1. David 3. Butler, Boi~e,Idaho '2. James Secna, Tuscon. Arizona 3. Vince Meconi, Wilmington, Delaware '4. Roy Ma~sion,Elgin, Illinois '5. John Michalski, Milwaukee. Wis - -consin ,b. Steve Dodge, Coronado, California 7. Brent Ellerbroer, Long Beach, Cali- 2Q 30 31 92 39 M WORW fornia All ads are hsdas a free smhto full-year subscribers. OnIy one ad pu .8. Terrell E. Gray, Jr. , Wilmington, subscriber per issue is allowed. Ads will not be repeated from issue to issue, same or ads, 9. Norman Zinkham. Rosetown. Canada however, subscribers may re-submit the ad, new for each succeeding '1 0. David Summer, Birmingham, Ala- issue. Ads received after the 15th of the month preceding publication WIXappear ;barns in the following issue. No ads will be accepted unless printed on this form. A free Avalon Hill game ha^ been :awarded to each of the winners. CONTEST NO. 19

5 Donut forget to vote on what are the As General Robert E. Lee, you have Vote for Best 3 Articles three best articles of this issue.. . re- ordered an attack against Gamble1s cord your votes where provided on the Union Cavalry Brigade, positioned at All entrants must listwhat they psr- Contest Entry blank. the base of Seminary Ridge (square ona ally feel are the three best articles 11-11) just west of Gettysburg. You in this issue. This election has no have directed Heth and McIntosh to bearing on the contest results, but en- make the attack. Success of your over- tries not containing this information : Subscriber Discount. .. all bafde ~trategydepends on where and wiU be voided. how you think Heth and McIntosh will t The Coupon shown below is for the bene- attack Gamble. Thus, you must peas :fit of the full-year subscriber. As soon which squares Heth and McIntosh will BATTLE PLAN ,as you have accumulated 4 such cw- be on and their direction of attack. I pons, 1 each from this and succeeding Goodyear 1. B. M. U. S. Steel -issues, you are entitled to a $1.00 di~- I Laat Heth's Mchtosh'~Direction On the Battle Plan encircle one square count applied to the purchase of any Digit square square of attack L designating where Heth will be; one Avalon Hill game a, parts, play-by- I (they k mail equipment and the General. square for where Mchtoah will be frontal Here's how it works may be on the same or different frontal squares); and one direction of attack frontal Each coupon is worth 25t. But one for both Units. In addition, write in f rontrtl :coupon alone does not entitle you to a the correct attacking odds. Their exact 35# credit. You must accumulate 4 partial enf'de squares and direction of attack will be partial enf'de :different coupons before taking advant- determined by the closing New York age of the $1.00 credit. When you have partial enf'de Stock Exchange transactions of Mon- partial snf lde ;pccumulated 4 coupons, then you clip day, June 12, 1967 (consult morning ' $hem all together and send them in with full enfaade paper of June 13. ) The last digit in the full enfilade ;your order for an Avalon Hill game. sales-in-hundreds column will be con- manner, *en ordering in this you sulted for each of the three variables I Attacking odds: , send simply us a check or money-order under the stock listed on the Battle Plan. 1 'for $1.00 less than the usual retail value Headlines of 3 Best Articles: .-of the game: I Ten Wimsr a to be Named I The firat ten conte~tantsto submit I perfect, or near perfect. Battle Plans I will be awarded a freeAvalonRil1 game 1 Name SAVE THIS COUPON of their choice. Attacking odds must match the attack correctly - tie^ will GOODTOWARDTHEPURCHASE f Addrs as be broken in favor of correct attacks OF ALL AVALON HILL at the higher odds. Entries must be I City PRODUCTS I postmarked no later than June 1 1, 1967. , State Entrants may submit copies or photo- stats - one to a contestant, only. I Prize THE GENERAL PAGE 14 True Spirit of Blitzkrieg I Where Avalon Hill Games Are Available The following names of dealers sup- your favorite dealer has not yet been by Steve Bachmann plement lists found in previous iesuea. listed, drop us his name and address Theee lists represent dealerr who have so that we may include him in the next Does Blitzkrieg really hold for us stocked Avalon Hill games recently. If issue. the World War I1 type of warfare and tactics we all yearn for? The realistic answer is no.

A typical Blitzkrieg game will go m,..-.* m,..-.* rn.1rn.d somewhat like this: The two major z44 - 4lh Am- x.w *** urn. TMh powers will overrun the small countries quite quickly. Here we have the blitz- krieg in Blitzkrieg. But here it ends. lard hrhr What happens when the forces meet? 16 wmst 1- *mmt N.w T*"k N.. Yark From then on it is typical World War I warfare: an attritioning of forces until finally one of the two breaks. So Blitz- krieg is in reality a fine World War I game, not World War 11. Armor can't be potent inBlitzkrieg because its stack- in the forefront of the attack from the ing is so limited. Therefore, expendable very beginning, because they regarded The Forgotten Attack infantry does the job much nicer in fight- their arm as the most powerful attack- By Robert Shalvoy ing stacks of twelve along the front. ing weapon. They expected the armor would thus achieve a deep and rapid Momt wargarners today consider the But isn't this how a blitzkrieg war breakthrough, which initial succe BS 2-1 and the associated attacks to be would go? Well, the book Panzer Lead- could be immediately exploited by the almost sinful and avoid them "like the one de- -er by Heins Guderian, of the tanks' speed of advance. at plagueu. They go about their games velopers of blitzkrieg, points against u~ingjust the 3- 1 or better and 1- 3 or So in summary Blitzkrieg, though a the way Blitzkrieg ends up to be. Early worse attacks and find that most of isl war. in the book Guderian talks about his good war game not a blitzkrieg their games do not go as well ae their Attrition, the World game is theories against World War I positional War I a opponenta' and end up on the losing side. stands warfare as opposed to mobile warfare more accurate name for it as it These people have passed up the now, as Blitzkrieg soon turns into posi- with armor. The armor smashes the greatest weapon for the German Army game hole, and flows forward {like in Bulge) tional warfare as the gets going, since the Panzer came into being. This and the infantry follows up, protectkg not mobile warfare as the name implies is the 2-1 "keep 'em honest" attack. as case. flanks and occupying the territory. But it should be. But, always is the Mr. Knabe did not go far enough in what is in Blitzkrieg? A rush for posi- it's easier to present the problem than his use of the 2- 1. On that same turn tion on the mapboard and then it's fought the solution. The problem, then, is he could have also broken the Nemunaa out. how to make the armor a more potent River. He failed to understand that the The armor doesn't go first to force. My suggestion is this rule: most important obstacle to the German break a hole after the Iines are drawn. advance Ar - is the river. To advance to- The infantries fight it out. Pure armor ward the three cities before the replace- mor may be stacked up to 18 factors fronts are chswsdant? blunted by equally ments take over the game, the German high, providing that the stack contains powerful heavy infantry stacks. be held up for many moons sitting armor pieces only. This will allow the cannot in front the rivers. But for one rea- armor to mass more power per square, of Now, an analysis of the schwer- son or another, the German just cannot thereby making it more desirable to be, punkt tactic as it is now in Blitzkrieg: get his precious 3-1 acroBa a river. The infantry achieves the elimination kept separate from infantry, and give game In this case, he should and must in fil'at and is followed up by the armor. the more fluidity. As in Stalin- grad, then, and in Bulge, where your Stalingrad use the 2- 1. He has nothing Now a quota from Panzer Leader: "De- In armor goes you should go. This pro- to lose and everything to gain. most spite the very plain lessons of the West- games he would lose. But by using the ern Campaign, the spreme-German vision will end stalemated fronts, and give Blitzkrieg the blitzkrieg tactic. 2-1 early in the game, as attacking command did not hold uniform views across the Nemunas on the first turn about the employment of armoredfor ces. and winning, he will force the Rusaian A few more rule modifications: For This became evident during the various to make his line stronger than he norm- thoae of you who don't have twelve hour s war games that were held in preparation ally could get away with since you have to play a tournament game of Blitzkrieg, for the operation and for the purpose shown that you will use the 2- 1 if given here are some modifications for a of training the commanders for their a chance. The Russian will soon find "basic-tournament" game. Let armor missions. The generals who came that he is running out of men and will stack 3 pieces high, again it has to be from arms of the Service other than the think, "1 always had enough men before; panzer troops were inclined to the opin- a pure armor stack, and use automatic what happened 7 I' victory. This will give all you panzer ion that the initial assault should be made In closing, make the Russian work leaders the opportunity to show Your by infantry divisions after heavy artil- not to prevent any 3- 1 Is against lery preparation and that the tanka finesse as a user of the blitzkrieg tac- LI - his defensive poritions but also to pre- should only be sent in to complete the LlC . vent 2-1's. This will mean that he breakthrough after a penetration to a Comments should be addressed to: must protect his rivers with more men specified depth had been made. The Steve Bachmam, Culver Military Acad- and will be forced to levae gaps. You Panzer generals held the contrary view. emy, Band, West Lodge, Culver, Indiana may write to: Robert Shalvoy, 15 Lud- They wanted the Panzer divisions to be 465 11. low Manor, E. Norwalk, COM. 06855. THE GENERAL eaBy. I consider dues or tests to be a Of the Jutland review appearing in sign of a good club. June "Strategy & tactic^" magazine. .. "the only fault we find in our pre-test- The International Federation of War- ing of Jutland is that it doean't lend it- gaming (formerly the USCAC)is planning self to postal play. This is obvioualy To determine which clubs are worth- a convention at Malvern, Pennsylvania the price of the high degree of realism while, special agent Jewett was assigned on July 15th. Displays will be set up you have reached: in short; we feel its to infiltrate all major clubs. (Tom by the US Army showing modern mili- the best game your company has pro- asked to be referred to by laat name tary equipment. Films will also be duced lately. As a new entity in the shown. Military Miniatures distributors field of wargams publications, Strategy and AH games will be on display and & Tactics gets a five star rating from The biggest clubs of dl are Aggrea- can be purchased. Exhibits wjll also this review. Info available at Box 65, sor-Homeland.5. P.E. C. T.R.E., Dusk be on display from the major clubs of Adelphia, New Jersey 07710.