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Die Verbreitung Der Carex-Muricata-Gruppe (Cyperaceae) in Südwestdeutschland 63-87 ©Staatl

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Die Verbreitung Der Carex-Muricata-Gruppe (Cyperaceae) in Südwestdeutschland 63-87 ©Staatl ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Carolinea - Beiträge zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 72 Autor(en)/Author(s): Gregor Thomas Artikel/Article: Die Verbreitung der Carex-muricata-Gruppe (Cyperaceae) in Südwestdeutschland 63-87 ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at Carolinea 72 (2014): 63-87, 12 Abb., 5 Karten; Karlsruhe, 15.12.2014 63 Die Verbreitung der Carex-muricata-Gruppe (Cyperaceae) in Südwestdeutschland THOMAS GRE G OR Kurzfassung 1 Einleitung Die Verbreitung der Carex-muricata-Gruppe in Süd- westdeutschland und Nachbargebieten wurde durch Herbarrevisionen untersucht. Carex divulsa ist weit- Aktuelle Bestimmungsfloren (JÄ G ER 2011) ge- gehend auf Wälder und Ruderalstellen der Oberrhein- hen vom Vorkommen von fünf Arten der Carex- ebene beschränkt. Funde liegen vor allem aus dem muricata-Gruppe in Südwestdeutschland aus Großraum Karlsruhe vor. Carex muricata besiedelt vor (C. divulsa, C. muricata, C. pairae, C. polyphyl- allem Wälder auf kalkreichen Böden und hat ihren Vor- la, C. spicata), deren Verbreitung aber nicht für kommensschwerpunkt auf der Schwäbischen Alb. Ca- alle Arten gut bekannt ist (SEBALD 1998). Durch rex polyphylla ist in Wäldern weit verbreitet. Kalkreiche eine möglichst umfassende Auswertung von und sehr basenarme Böden werden aber gemieden: Herbarien soll die Kenntnis der Verbreitung der So fehlt die Pflanze weitgehend der Schwäbischen Alb Carex-muricata-Gruppe in Südwestdeutschland sowie im Pfälzer Wald und im Odenwald. Carex pairae wächst auf basenarmen, meist sandigen Standorten verbessert werden. in Wäldern; im Westen des Gebietes kommt sie regel- Da gute Schlüssel und Abbildungen in Bestim- mäßig vor und wird nach Osten deutlich seltener. Die mungsfloren enthalten sind (JÄ G ER 2011, JÄ G ER weiteste geographische Verbreitung und ökologische & WERNER 2005, JERMY & SIMPSON 2007), kann Amplitude besitzt Carex spicata. Sie besiedelt bevor- auf eine Wiederholung der relevanten Bestim- zugt auch feuchte Saumstandorte, vielfach im Umfeld mungsmerkmale verzichtet werden. Angemerkt von Siedlungen. Keine der untersuchten Arten ist im sei aber, dass außer bei Carex spicata Pflanzen Gebiet gefährdet. ohne reife Früchte nicht sicher einer Art zugeord- net werden können. Abstract The distribution of the Carex muricata group (Cyperaceae) in Southwest Germany The distribution of the Carex muricata group in South- 2 Methodik west Germany and neighbouring areas has been sur- veyed by herbarium revisions. Carex divulsa is mainly Belege der Carex-muricata-Gruppe wurden in restricted to forests and ruderal sites of the upper öffentlichen und privaten Herbarien revidiert. Rhine valley; most records originate in the Karlsruhe Eine Übersicht über die ausgewerteten Herba- area. Carex muricata occurs in forests mainly on cal- rien findet sich in der Danksagung. Das Unter- careous soil. It is common on the Swabian Alb. Carex suchungsgebiet umfasst die gesamte Landes- polyphylla is widespread in forests yet avoids calcare- ous and base-poor soils. It is largely missing on the fläche von Baden-Württemberg sowie Teile der Swabian Alb, in the Palatinate Forest and in the Oden- Nachbarländer (7°20‘ bis 10°40‘O sowie 47°30‘ wald. Carex pairae is a plant of base-poor, sandy for- bis 49°54‘N). ests. It occurs regularly in the western part of the area and becomes increasingly rare towards the east. Carex spicata has the widest geographical and ecological 3 Die Arten der Carex-muricata-Gruppe in amplitude. It prefers often moist fringe habitats, often in Südwestdeutschland the vicinity of settlements. None of the studied species is endangered in the area. 3.1 Historische Entwicklung der Sippen- abgrenzung (Tab. 1) Von LINNÆUS (1753) wurde die Gruppe nicht dif- Autor ferenziert, und alle heute differenzierten Sippen THOMAS GRE G OR , Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturkundemuseum, Abt. Botanik und molekulare wurden als Carex muricata zusammengefasst. Evolutionsforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Eine Abtrennung von C. spicata erfolgte aber Frankfurt am Main; bereits im 18. Jahrhundert (POLLICH 1777). Die E-Mail: [email protected] Umgrenzung dieser Sippe, nicht aber ihre Be- ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at 64 Carolinea 72 (2014) nennung, ist seitdem weitgehend stabil. Ab der die heute als C. polyphylla oder C. leersii be- ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde C. di- zeichnete Sippe ausgegrenzt (MAR T ENS & KEMM - vulsa unterschieden, C. muricata, C. pairae und LER 1865, SCHUL T Z 1870, ASCHERSON & GRAEB - C. polyphylla blieben zusammengefasst (SCHÜB - NER 1902, VOLLMANN 1914, BER T SCH & BER T SCH LER & MAR T ENS 1834), wobei bei DÖLL (1855- 1933, SCHUL T ZE -MO T EL 1968, Société d‘étude 1856) C. muricata in heutiger Umgrenzung die de la flore d‘Alsace 1982). C. muricata und C. Sippen C. muricata, C. pairae und C. spicata pairae wurden bis zur zweiten Hälfte des 20. umfasst. Ab der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahr- Jahrhunderts zusammengefasst; teilweise war hunderts wurde unter wechselnden Namen den Autoren C. pairae wohl auch unbekannt (so Tabelle 1. Sippenabgrenzung und Benennung in der Carex-muricata-Gruppe bei für die südwestdeutsche Flora wichtigen Autoren. JÄ G ER 2011 divulsa muricata pairae polyphylla spicata („Rothmaler“) OBERDORFER 2001 divulsa muricata ssp. muricata ssp. guestfalica spicata muricata pairae EG ORO V A 1999 divulsa muricata ssp. muricata ssp. polyphylla spicata muricata lamprocarpa SEBALD 1998 divulsa subsp. muricata ssp. muricata subsp. divulsa subsp. spicata divulsa muricata lamprocarpa leersii CHA T ER 1980 [1] divulsa subsp. muricata ssp. muricata subsp. divulsa subsp. spicata divulsa muricata lamprocarpa leersii SCHUL T ZE -MO T EL 1968 divulsa pairaei var. pairaei pairaei var. leersii spicata („Hegi“) Flore d‘Alsace 1965 divulsa pairaei Leersii contigua & var. guestfalica BER T SCH & BER T SCH muricata ssp. muricata ssp. Pairaei muricata ssp. muricata ssp. 1933 [2] divulsa Leersii contigua VOLLMANN 1914 divulsa mit der Pairaei Pairaei var. contigua & var. Varietät chabertii Leersii longissima ASCHERSON & GRAEBNER divulsa muricata [Unterart] C. Pairaei muricata [Unter- muricata 1902 art] C. Leersii SCHUL T Z 1870 [3] divulsa Pairaei Leersii contigua MAR T ENS & KEMMLER divulsa muricata β [var.] fuscescens muricata γ [var.] muricata α [var.] 1865 virens muricata DÖLL 1855-1856 divulsa muricata [s. str.] muricata b virens muricata [s. str.] SCHÜBLER & MAR T ENS divulsa virens muricata 1834 POLLICH 1777 muricata spicata LINNÆUS 1753 muricata [1] ähnlich C. chabertii: „short rather dense inflorescence, but has erecto-patent utricules 5-5.5 mm … „probably of little taxonomic significance“. [2] Als weitere Sippe wird ohne Verbreitungsangabe Carex chabertii genannt: Schläuche am Grunde dünnhäutig; Blatthäutchen mit flachem Bogen; Schläuche bei der Reife aufrecht stehend, grünlich; Schläuche 5-6 mm lang; Blütenstand 3-4 mm lang. [3] Als weitere Sippe der Carex-muricata-Gruppe wird C. duriaei genannt, die später als C. chabertii umbenannt wurde. ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at GRE G OR : Carex-muricata-Gruppe 65 MAR T ENS & KEMMLER 1865). Eine Trennung von CHA T ER (1977) sahen C. divulsa und C. polyphylla C. muricata und C. pairae setzte sich erst mit „linked by a series of intermediates so that no der Flora Europaea (CHA T ER 1980) durch. Gele- clear morphological dividing line can be drawn“. gentlich wurde auch eine weitere Sippe, C. cha- LOOS (1996) bezweifelt auf Grund von Kulturver- bertii, unterschieden. suchen, in denen fragliche Pflanzen stets sicher bestimmt werden konnten, das Vorkommen von 3.2 Carex divulsa STOKE S – Unterbrochen- Übergangsformen. ährige Segge (Karte 1, Abb. 1–3) Von SEBALD (1998) wurde die Pflanze nicht auf- Im Raum Karlsruhe ist die Pflanze öfters ge- geführt. Tatsächlich waren Vorkommen im heu- sammelt worden. Ob hier tatsächlich ein Verbrei- tigen Baden-Württemberg aber bereits ANDREAS tungsschwerpunkt vorliegt oder die Pflanze nur KNEUC K ER (1862-1946) bekannt, der in seinen den örtlichen Botanikern besonders gut bekannt Exsikkatenwerken „Editio Caricum Badensium“ ist, ist unklar. Vorkommen sind aus der gesam- und „Carices exsiccatae“ bei Karlsruhe und Ett- ten Oberrheinebene bekannt sowie aus dem lingen gesammelte Pflanzen verteilte. Bestim- Kraichgau und dem Westrand des Schwarz- mungsschwierigkeiten bestehen zu schlecht waldes. Eine Arealinsel besteht vielleicht im entwickelter, schattig stehender C. polyphylla. Neckarbecken, von dort liegen aber bisher nur Derartige Pflanzen entwickeln kurze Schläuche zwei Belege vor. Nach BÖHLIN G & BÖC K ER (2002) um 4 mm, wie sie auch bei C. divulsa vorkommen kennt O. SEBALD diverse Funde im Weinbaugebiet können. Mit Hilfe der Spelzenfarbe (hell bei C. di- zwischen Heilbronn und Stuttgart. Aus der hes- vulsa, bräunlich bei C. polyphylla), der Tendenz sischen Oberrheinebene sind Vorkommen bisher zum Abspreizen der Früchte (kaum spreizend nicht nachgewiesen. Einzelfunde liegen aber aus bei C. divulsa, deutlich spreizend bei C. polyphyl- angrenzenden Landschaften vor (GRE G OR 2007), la) sowie der Anzahl und Blütenzahl der Ährchen wobei sich ein vermeintlicher Fund vom Franken- (bei C. divulsa > 10 Ährchen mit jeweils meist stein bei Darmstadt-Eberstadt als
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