TOM MANGELSEN TOM

AMERICAN BISON A SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN JULIA DAVIS JULIA CONTENTS SIGNATORY LETTER BUFFALO FIELD Ken Cole, executive director CAMPAIGN REPORT Buffalo Field Campaign DESIGNER Steven King EXECUTIVE SUMMARY creative direction + designer Executive summary supporting an evaluation www.krop.com/steven-king/ and listing of American Bison as a species of email: [email protected] conservation concern in Region 1. REPORT AND RATIONALE Chapter 1 1-6 Chapter 7 16-17 Chapter 2 7-8 Chapter 8 18-19 Chapter 3 9-10 Chapter 9 20-21 Chapter 4 11-12 Chapter 10 22-24 Chapter 5 13 Chapter 11 25-27 Chapter 6 14-15 Chapter 12 28-29 SOURCES Detailed source pages 30-38 March 5, 2018 Leanne M. Marten, Regional Forester Mary C. Erickson, Forest Supervisor Region 1, U.S. Forest Service Custer Gallatin National Forest 26 Fort Missoula Road, Missoula, MT 59804 PO Box 130, Bozeman, MT 59771 (406) 329-3315 phone - (406) 329-3411 fax (406) 587-6949 phone - (406) 587-6758 fax [email protected] [email protected]

Re: Comment draft plan - CGNF We are asking the Regional Forester and the Custer Gallatin National Forest to continue evaluating and Dear Regional Forester Leanne M. Marten and list wild bison as a species of conservation concern Forest Supervisor Mary C. Erickson, in Region 1.

We, the undersigned, are writing you to present our In evaluating whether bison meet the criteria of a case that American bison meet the National Forest species of conservation concern, the National Forest planning rule criteria of and should be listed as a planning rule requires the Custer Gallatin to rely species of conservation concern in Region 1. upon the most accurate, reliable, and relevant information, and make your decision based on the There is broad tribal, public, and local support for best available science that is transparent to the the Custer Gallatin to use your National Forest public. The Custer Gallatin has not done so. planning rule to benefit wild bison, and provide habitat to meet the long-term viability concerns the The presumptive decision already made rests on an public has raised for this iconic keystone species. uninformed assessment and falls short of National The Custer Gallatin must also heed the U.S. Con- Forest planning rule requirements for landscape gress’s mandate to provide native bison diversity in linkages, habitat connectivity, wild bison diversity the new forest plan. and persistence. If adaptive management is guiding forest planning, then a new decision can and should The Custer Gallatin’s proposed action for bison is be made based on substantial information that the unreasonable and unacceptable. Human threats action is warranted. and stressors continue to jeopardize the viability of America’s only intact population of wild The Custer Gallatin has acknowledged receiving American bison to continuously inhabit their hundreds of letters in support of evaluating and original range in the lower 48 states. We call upon listing migratory bison as a species of conservation the Custer Gallatin to uphold your trust obligation concern. More than twelve hundred people to American Indian Nations and the American submitted their support online. Based on what people, and use your legal authority to ensure the we heard during the Custer Gallatin’s planning future legacy of wild migratory bison persists within meetings, there is a broad section of people who the plan area. want to see wild bison persist as a viable native species within the plan area. The best available scientific information does not support the conclusions made in the Custer Please consider the best available scientific information Gallatin’s final draft assessment, and Supervisor presented in our report and rationale in support Mary Erickson’s decision, to stop evaluating of continuing the public process for evaluating wild bison as a potential species of conservation and listing wild bison as a species of conservation concern and remove the native species from concern in Region 1. further consideration. Sincerely, Managing for the removal of wild bison genetic diversity is codified in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho law, and there is no regulatory mechanism in place to ensure wild bison persist within the Ken Cole, executive director plan area in Region 1 or on National Forests in Buffalo Field Campaign Region 2 and Region 4. PO Box 957 West Yellowstone, MT 59758

Chief Stanley C. Grier Chairman Brandon Sazue, Sr. Chief of the Piikani Nation Crow Creek Sioux Tribe (Hunkpati Oyate) President of the Blackfoot Confederacy Chiefs PO Box 50 PO Box 70 Fort Thompson, South Dakota 57339 Brocket, Alberta T0K 0H0

James Holt David Bearshield Buffalo Field Campaign Board Member Chairman Nez Perce Tribal Member GOAL Tribal Coalition PO Box 107 100 24th Street W., Suite 1 Lapwai, Idaho 83540 Billings, Montana 59102

Noah Greenwald Ronald Hunter Endangered Species Director Activism Manager Center for Biological Diversity Patagonia Inc. PO Box 11374 8550 White Fir Street Portland, Oregon 97211 Reno, Nevada 89523

Wendy Keefover Bonnie Rice Native Carnivore Protection Manager Senior Campaign Representative The Humane Society of the United States Our Wild America Campaign 1255 23rd Street, NW, Ste. 450 Sierra Club Washington, District of Columbia 20037 424 E. Main Street, Suite 203C Bozeman, Montana 59715

Marla Fox Erik Molvar Rewilding Attorney Executive Director WildEarth Guardians Western Watersheds Project 80 SE Madison St., Suite 210 PO Box 1770 Portland, Oregon 97214 Hailey, Idaho 83333

Nathan Varley Joseph Gutkoski President President Bear Creek Council Yellowstone Buffalo Foundation PO Box 448 304 N. 18th Avenue Gardiner, Montana 59030 Bozeman, Montana 59715

Nathan Varley Mike Garrity Owner Executive Director Yellowstone Reports Alliance for the Wild Rockies PO Box 769 PO Box 505 Gardiner, Montana 59030 Helena, Montana 59624

Mr. Glenn Hockett John Meyer President Executive Director Gallatin Wildlife Association Cottonwood Environmental Law Center PO Box 5317 PO Box 412 Bozeman, Montana 59717 Bozeman, Montana 59771

Gene Bernofsky Matthew Koehler President Director World Wide Film Expedition Wildwest Institute 243 Mount Avenue PO Box 7998 Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59802

Shannon Donahue Heath N Carey Executive Director Owner Great Bear Foundation Nourishing Cultures PO Box 9383 2825 Stockyard Road, Suite C2 Missoula, Montana 59807 Missoula, Montana 59808

Larry Campbell KC York Conservation Director President Friends of the Bitterroot Trap Free Montana Public Lands, Inc. PO Box 442 PO Box 1347 Hamilton, Montana 59840 Hamilton, Montana 59840

Marc Cooke Michael Harris President Director, Wildlife Law Program Wolves of the Rockies Friends of Animals 3427 Rome Lane 7500 E. Arapahoe Road, Suite 385 Stevensville, Montana 59870 Centennial, Colorado 80112

Deanna Meyer Karel and Alice Starek Executive Director Owners Prairie Protection Colorado The Golden Hoof LLC PO Box 497 3375 N. 75TH St Sedalia, Colorado 80135 Boulder, Colorado 80301

Northern Colorado Prairie Dog Advocates Ginger Kathrens 3732 Mead Street Executive Director Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 The Cloud Foundation 107 South 7th Street Colorado Springs, Colorado 80905

Ms. Paula Ozzello Ms. Paula Ozzello Heart of the Wild Yellowstone Community Southern Colorado Environmental Council 618 East Godding Avenue 618 East Godding Avenue Trinidad, Colorado 81082 Trinidad, Colorado 81082

Mr. Thomas Johnston Paul Bird Spotted Eagle Land Surveying President 578 Sparrow Cr. The PathWalker Group Pagosa Springs, Colorado 81147 8372 N. Rocky Brook Dr. Tucson, Arizona 85743

Clem Wilkes Laura Leigh Business Manager President One Road Foundation, Inc. Wild Horse Education PO Box 787 216 Lemmon Dr., Suite 316 Ribera, New Mexico 87560 Reno, Nevada 89506

Bettina Rosmarino Mr. Stevie Sugarman CFO Earth Evolution J&B Partners PO Box 923 428 W. Ave .44 Malibu, California 90265 Los Angeles, California 90065

Mr. Alex Kleinman Susan Draffan Claremont Students for Animals Owner 170 E. Sixth Street Shining Spirits Claremont, California 91711 PO Box 1262 Ojai, California 93024

Matthew Simmons Mr. Alfredo Kuba COO Defend Animals Coalition Lockwood Animal Rescue Center 500 W. Middlefield Rd., Apt. 178 PO Box 1510 Mountain View, California 94043 Frazier Park, California 93225

Edward Loosli Thomas Wheeler President Executive Director The Wildlife Trust Environmental Protection Information Center 120 La Bolsa Road 145 G. St., Suite A Walnut Creek, California 94598 Arcata, California 95521

Kimberly Baker Charles Swift Executive Director CEO Klamath Forest Alliance 4M Consulting PO Box 21 21464 Consolation St. Orleans, California 95556 Volcano, California 95689

Bro Mark Schroeder OFM Denise Boggs Animator Director Franciscans for Justice Conservation Congress 1112 26th St. 2150 Nord Ave. Sacramento, California 95816 Chico, California 95926

Jesse Bolin Paula Hood Sacred Guardian of Bison Nation Co-Director Local Circle ::: Global Vision Blue Mountains Biodiversity Project General Delivery 5622 NE 7th Ave. Nevada City, California 95959 Portland, Oregon 97211

Charles McSweeney Wally Sykes Owner Co-Founder Pine Cone Books, Etc. Northeast Oregon Ecosystems PO Box 2018, 139 S. Redwood Hwy. PO Box 733 Cave Junction, Oregon 97523 Joseph, Oregon 97846

Bob Anderlik Cheryl Ananda President Secretary Animal Advocates of the Inland Northwest Texas Metro Wildlife Rehabilitators PO Box 493 911 Sterling Ln. Liberty Lake, Washington 99019 Crowley, Texas 76036

Pinckney Wood Kent Lebsock President Programs Administrator Humane Heart (Health, Education, & Abuse Owe Aku International Justice Project Resolution Taskforce) PO Box 325 6759 General Haig St. Manderson, South Dakota 57756 New Orleans, Louisiana 70124

Lori Andresen Laurie Schneider President Executive Director Save Our Sky Blue Waters Pollinator Friendly Alliance PO Box 3661 9503 Norell Avenue North Duluth, Minnesota 55803 Stillwater, Minnesota 55082

Dona Doig Tae Mier VP Owner Doig Corporation Carare Inc 7400 Quail Ct. 17710 North Shore Cedarburg, Wisconsin 53012 Spring Lake, Michigan 49456

Maia Justine Storm Susan Ponchot Executive Director President Lemkin House Suzie Q Zoo, Inc. PO Box 51334 9370 NW 39 Ct. Kalamazoo, Michigan 49005 Sunrise, Florida 33351

Dr. John Cannon Lee Stewart Conservation Science Institute Organizer 1447 Stoney Bottom Rd. Beyond Extreme Energy Front Royal, Virginia 22630 Washington, District of Columbia 20010

Jenny Reimenschneider Michael Dibenedetto President President Mobilization for Animals PA, Inc. Vly Mountain Spring Water 103 Church Rd. 85 Hubbbard Rd. Eagleville, Pennsylvania 19403 Fleischmanns, New York 12430

Cindy Rosin Nada Khader Volunteer Executive Director Wetlands Activism Collective Wespac Foundation PO Box 940541 77 Tarrytown Road, Suite 2W Rockaway Park, New York 11694 White Plains, New York 10607

Rose Reina Rosenbaum New Jersey Forest Watch President PO Box 1443 Coalition for Animals Sparta, New Jersey 07871 PO Box 611 Somerville, New Jersey 08876

Angela Lambert David Linnane Naturopathic Doctor President Ancient Traditions Natural Medicine LLC Optivan of New Hampshire, Inc. 249 Islington Street, #10 217 Fisherville Road Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801 Penacook, New Hampshire 03303

Jonathan Way Nikolay Moltchanoph Founder President Eastern Coyote/Coywolf Research Moltchanoph, Inc. 89 Ebenezer Road PO Box 35495 Osterville, Massachusetts 02655 Brighton, Massachusetts 02135

Michael Kellett Don Ogden Executive Director Producer Restore the North Woods The Enviro Show WXOJ PO Box 1099 140 Pine Street Concord, Massachusetts 01742 Florence, Massachusetts 01062

Jason Christensen Linda Thurston Director Owner Yellowstone to Uintas Connection The Wild Side PO Box 280 PO Box 769 Mendon, Utah 84325 Gardiner, Montana 59030

Ms. Nancy Ostlie Robin Chriss Great Old Broads for Wilderness Director, Senior Wildlife Biologist Bozeman Broadband Chriss Wildlife 263 Painted Hills Road Blue Creek Trail Bozeman, Montana 59715 Evergreen, Colorado 80439 Max Wilbert Ms. Veda Stram Steering Committee www.AllCreatures.org Deep Green Resistance 1612 Lake Drive PO Box 783 Camano Island, Washington 98282 Santa Barbara, California 93102

Howie Wolke Robert Hall President CEO Big Wild Adventures, Inc. Delaware Ecumenical Council 222 Tom Miner Creek Road 240 N. James Street, Suite 111 Emigrant, Montana 59027 Wilmington, Delaware 19804

Mike Mease Justine Sanchez Roman Sanchez PO Box 957 PO Box 202 PO Box 202 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 Ward, Colorado 80481 Ward, Colorado 80481

Kasi Crocker Darrell Geist Stephany Seay 3336 Wright Way 1137 Montana Street, Apt 206 57005 West Road Darby, Montana 59829 Missoula, Montana 59801 Moiese, Montana 59824

Doug Peacock George Wuerthner Chuck Irestone PO Box 1026 PO Box 8359 412 E Spruce 5 Emigrant, Montana 59027 Bend, Oregon 97708 Missoula, Montana 59802

Lara Anderson Mignon Geli Lee Fulton PO Box 1831 5721 Mckinley Drive 916 W Hickory St West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 Garden Valley, California 95633 Denton, Texas 76201

Hannah Ponder Jaedin Medicine Elk Brett Haverstick 59 Salmon Loop PO Box 957 PO Box 8193 Donnelly, Idaho 83611 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 Moscow, Idaho 83843

Jeffrey Juel Peter Leusch Ashley Lipscomb 618 Rollins Street 4575 Old Hwy. 2 825 South Logan Street Lower Missoula, Montana 59801 Troy, Montana 59935 Moscow, Idaho 83843

Karen K LittleThunder Gary Macfarlane Natalie Margolis 1146 Anamosa, Apt 211 PO Box 8202 256 Lakeview Cir Rapid City, South Dakota 57701 Moscow, Idaho 83843 Breckenridge, Colorado 80424

Jacob Nelson Blake Nicolazzo Jennifer Nitz 10265 N. 15th E. 730 Defoe St. 407 Nora St Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401 Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802

Dave Pauli Steven Schorzman Karrie Taggart 4235 Zephyr Lane PO Box 8515 266 Moose Drive Billings, Montana 59106 Missoula, Montana 59802 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758

John Hunter Terry Robert Traceski Ryan Witwicki Faddegon 514 Diamond Lure Road 297 Cr 513 10 Dorset Ln Ellijay, Georgia 30536 Nacogdoches, Texas 75961 Mill Valley, California 94941

Jodi Rodar Maryann Ziomek Michelle Jones 223 North Valley Road 448 East St. 25 Rockview Str. Pelham, Massachusetts 01002 Easthampton, Massachusetts 01027 Palmer, Massachusetts 01069

Erika Edberg Nathen Schumann Sean Kelley 25 Rockview St 9 Lynn Drive 108 Great Plains Rd Palmer, Massachusetts 01069 Southampton, Massachusetts 01073 West Springfield, Massachusetts 01089

Barbara Kelley Judith Eddy Judy Desreuisseau 108 Great Plains Rd 14 Albany Road 2 Myrtle Street West Springfield, Massachusetts 01089 West Stockbridge, Massachusetts 01266 Gill, Massachusetts 01354

Elizabeth Gordon Charmae Bartlett Elizabeth Strong 73 G St 9 Turnpike Road First Floor 704 Main Street, P.O.Box 324 Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376 Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376 Ashby, Massachusetts 01431

Robert Rand Margaret Rydant Jennifer Wytenus 77A South Rd 335 Church Street 95 June St. Pepperell, Massachusetts 01463 Northborough, Massachusetts 01532 Northbridge, Massachusetts 01534

Nina Kornstein Karen Moretti Ke Jarvis 59 Flanagan Drive 10 Sun Valley Drive 22 Dunster Rd. Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 Bedford, Massachusetts 01730

Linda Serfass Susan Holland Anthony Patti 278 Manning Street Unit 1201 35 Todd Pond Road 245 Fox Hill Rd Hudson, Massachusetts 01749 Lincoln, Massachusetts 01773 Burlington, Massachusetts 01803

Peggy Patti Dick Patti Pauline Desilets 245 Fox Hill Rd. 245 Fox Hill Rd. 30 Arlene Rd Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 Lowell, Massachusetts 01851

Rayna DePietro Deborah San Gabriel Iris Weaver 11 Kathy Lane 131 Ocean Street 16 Larch Lane Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880 Lynn, Massachusetts 01902 Wenham, Massachusetts 01984

Berenise Lucero Jerry Zucker Lu Haner 827 East St 7 Cottage St #8 9 Sherman Rd. Dedham, Massachusetts 02026 Medway, Massachusetts 02053 Millis, Massachusetts 02054

Rosemary Bernier Peter Vezeridis Robyn Sharpe 13 Lafayette Ln 10 Bowdoin St, Unit 309 15 Rector Road Norfolk, Massachusetts 02056 Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Boston, Massachusetts 02126

Lynn Small Karen Kane Nikolay Moltchanoph PO Box 300852 37 Brookdale Street PO Box 35495 Boston, Massachusetts 02130 Roslindale, Massachusetts 02131 Brighton, Massachusetts 02135

Ghazale Jamsheed Skott Daltonic Claire Schub 143 Parsons St 95 Franklin 4 Thingvalla Ave. Brighton, Massachusetts 02135 Boston, Massachusetts 02135 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Lawrence Altman Maria Falcon Janet Zimmer 15 Lambert St 115 Bartlett St. Apt. 2 1 Tufts Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141 Somerville, Massachusetts 02145 Malden, Massachusetts 02148

Rohan Gregory Eileen Hennessy Deborah Gudzevich 61 Monument Street 39 Berwick Street 83 Franklin St. Medford, Massachusetts 02155 Melrose, Massachusetts 02176 Stoneham, Massachusetts 02180

Joanne Mcmahon David Sirrico Christine Dorchak PO Box 2757 5 Howlands Lane 11A Lake View Street Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Kingston, Massachusetts 02364 Arlington, Massachusetts 02476

Julie Bannister Colleen Tearle Rebecca Mullin 5 Cold Spring Lane Silver Lane 55 Clover Way East Falmouth, Massachusetts 02536 Hyannis, Massachusetts 02601 Eastham, Massachusetts 02642

Jonathan Way Candice Orndoff Daniel Medeiros 89 Ebenezer Road 274 East Main Street Apt 6214 22 Williams Street Osterville, Massachusetts 02655 Norton, Massachusetts 02766 Rehoboth, Massachusetts 02769

Leslie Hart Frances Harriman Debra Falk PO Box 385 105 West Wrentham Rd 438 Bristol Ferry Rd Hope, Rhode Island 02831 Cumberland, Rhode Island 02864 Portsmouth, Rhode Island 02871

Peter Paliotti Lumina Greenway Deborah Lipman 2500 Boston Neck Road PO Box 106 17 Camden Court 50 Stimson Ave. Saunderstown, Rhode Island 02874 Wakefield, Rhode Island 02879 Providence, Rhode Island 02906

Beth MacBlane Suzanne McMullen Debra Lemaitre 8 Plaza Ave 102 Dodge St 46 Atwood Road Hudson, New Hampshire 03051 Nashua, New Hampshire 03064 Pelham, New Hampshire 03076

Merryl Goldman Janice Banks Mary Ann Toy 1781 Fowler River Road 14 Maple St. 19 Connemara Dr Alexandria, New Hampshire 03222 Center Barnstead, New Hampshire Chichester, New Hampshire 03258 03225

Chief Paul Bunnell David Linnane Angela Lambert 32 Hoit Mill Rd #202 217 Fisherville Rd., Ste. A 65 Benson Street Weare, New Hampshire 03281 Concord, New Hampshire 03303 Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801

John Meserve Lenny Novak Valerie Bergeron 17 Brenner Drive 73 Elm Street 39 Colonial Village Newton, New Hampshire 03858 Sanbornville, New Hampshire 03872 Somersworth, New Hampshire 03878

Cathleen Griffin Cynthia Simon Tia Simon PO Box 134 85 Barstow Road 85 Barstow Road Sebago, Maine 04029 Gorham, Maine 04038 Gorham, Maine 04038

Lloyd Alexander Robert Goldman Susan Allen 265 Manchester Rd PO Box 982 24 Drummond St, 2right Steep Falls, Maine 04085 Portland, Maine 04104 Auburn, Maine 04210

Patricia Harris David Leroy Robert Weingarten 65 Lange Rd 79 College Street 29 Davis Road Albany Twp, Maine 04217 Lewiston, Maine 04240 Vienna, Maine 04360

Richard Chambers Susan Cooney Marina Mooney 75 Havasu Rd 27 Lemont Street 810 W Bay Rd Orono, Maine 04473 Bath, Maine 04530 Gouldsboro, Maine 04607

Stephen Mullane Claire Mortimer Tracy Haskell 57 Skyline Pines Dr PO Box 184 PO Box 37 Bar Harbor, Maine 04609 Brooklin, Maine 04616 Hulls Cove, Maine 04644

Norvie Bullock Steve Cowett Richard Fecteau 288 1/2 Sargeant Dr 14 Dupont Drive 284 Ramsdell Rd. Northeast Harbor, Maine 04662 Presque Isle, Maine 04769 Farmington, Maine 04938

Judy Rees Cynthia Fine Judith Hazelton 36 Margaret Ave PO Box 153 1617 Us Rt 7 Glenalta, Vermont 05052 Westminster, Vermont 05158 Bennington, Vermont 05201

Kate Kenner Sara Serabian Rebecca Trono 3539 Weatherhead Hollow Rd 6 Cedar Ct 17 Happy Valley Rd. Guilford, Vermont 05301 Essex Jct, Vermont 05452 Milton, Vermont 05468

Alan Robert Melanie Giangreco Ann Alman 75 Main St 410 Lavallee Drive 462 Michael Lane Richford, Vermont 05476 Richmond, Vermont 05477 Williston, Vermont 05495

Mike Belanger Melissa D Wells Cloutier Heather Bean 1049 Crosstown Rd. 441 Main Street 29a Flagg Hill Rd Berlin, Vermont 05602 St Johnsbury, Vermont 05819 Colebrook, Connecticut 06021

John Greaser Mary Ann Clark Paul Swanke 143 Center Hill Road 85 Old Meadow Plain Road 25 Garland Rd Barkhamsted, Connecticut 06063 Weatogue, Connecticut 06089 West Hartford, Connecticut 06107

Nancy Correa Cheryl Small Michelle Montavon 95 Griswold Road 162 Boston Hill Rd 127 Plant St Wethersfield, Connecticut 06109 Andover, Connecticut 06232 New London, Connecticut 06320

Ellen E Wilson Caryn Oresky Joyce Kovacs 7 S Canterbury Rd 1 West Drive 35 Brunswick Ave Canterbury, Connecticut 06331 Gales Ferry, Connecticut 06335 Moosup, Connecticut 06354

Margaret Maynard Amy Hopkins Chris Wrinn 107 Colonial Rd 250 Schoolside Lane 56 Harborview Av Plainfield, Connecticut 06374 Guilford, Connecticut 06437 Milford, Connecticut 06460

Ken Martin David Wiemer Janice Kelly 5 Orchard Hill Road 56 Harborview Ave 847 Pleasant Street Newtown, Connecticut 06470 Milford, Connecticut 06484 Southington, Connecticut 06489

Barton Bradbury Dawn Mosher Drew Cucuzzqa 10 Terrell Farms Way 191 Wooster Street, Apt. 1D 351 Central Avenue Wallingford, Connecticut 06492 New Haven, Connecticut 06511 New Haven, Connecticut 06515

Francis Mastri Anne Hadley Carol Hughes 87 Jones St 832 Wood Ave. 161 Evergreen Drive West Haven, Connecticut 06516 Bridgeport, Connecticut 06604 Stratford, Connecticut 06614

Lisa Banik Amy Hill Lucianne Lavin 16 Cardinal Lane 98 Starks Hill Rd 755 Riverside Ave. Waterbury, Connecticut 06708 Torrington, Connecticut 06790 Torrington, Connecticut 06790

Stephen Devine Patricia Norman Claudia Henry 15 Cook St 20 Baldwin Hill Road 250 Pine Hill Road Washington Depot, Connecticut 06794 Brookfield, Connecticut 06804 New Fairfield, Connecticut 06812

RW Marzulla Pasquale Vairo Tony and Cindy Guarnieri 38 Byram Terrace Drive 48 Highview Ave 27 Pamlynn Rd Greenwich, Connecticut 06831 Greenwich, Connecticut 06870 Stamford, Connecticut 06905

Caroline Pearsall Margaret Southwell R Vanstrien 537 Avenue A 113 Glenwood Rd 25 Independence Bayonne, New Jersey 07002 Fanwood, New Jersey 07023 Warren, New Jersey 07059

Lise Sayer Mary Renard Richard Espuga 450 W. End Ave #15 3315 Pleasant Ave 610 Willow Ave North Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 Union City, New Jersey 07087 Roselle Park, New Jersey 07204

Patricia Coates Sharon Walsh Loretta Stadler 425 Walnut Street 235 Manhattan Avenue #2 307 Freemans Lane Roselle Park, New Jersey 07204 Jersey City, New Jersey 07307 Franklin Lakes, New Jersey 07417

P Scoville Vincent Meola Larry Bogert PO Box 153 420- Hudson Street 83 Wanamaker Ave Hewitt, New Jersey 07421 Hackensack, New Jersey 07601 Oradell, New Jersey 07649

Patricia Meko Audrey Hackett Suzanne Maresca 345 Campbell Avenue 93 Lakeside Dr N 29 Northwood Rd. Belford, New Jersey 07718 Belvidere, New Jersey 07823 Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey 07849

Michael Chodroff Ethan Shapiro Tracy Peri 153 Fairview Avenue 14 Heritage Way 1 Farm Road Long Valley, New Jersey 07853 Rockaway, New Jersey 07866 Chester, New Jersey 07930

Jeaneen Andretta Doris Carey Eileen Anglin 67 Hillside Avenue 11 North Riding Dr. PO Box 475 Florham Park, New Jersey 07932 Cherry Hill, New Jersey 08003 Barnegat, New Jersey 08005

Dawn Franklin Michele Cooklin Linda Gangi 1304 Bridgeboro Road 230 Kings Hwy E #287 107 Longwood Dr. Edgewater Park, New Jersey 08010 Haddonfield, New Jersey 08033 Manahawkin, New Jersey 08050

Jill Little Timothy Little Dorothy Morrison 141 Hilliards Bridge Rd 141 Hilliards Bridge Rd 101 Locust Avenue Southampton, New Jersey 08088 Southampton, New Jersey 08088 Westville, New Jersey 08093

Iwona Torosdag Carlo Popolizio Cat Mailander 16 Buckingham Drive 160 9th Ave. 286 Princeton Arms Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey Estell Manor, New Jersey 08319 East Windsor, New Jersey 08512 08234

Melanie Kavanaugh Frances Mackiewicz Marty Lukso 44 Keswick Ave 708 Capstan Avenue 74A Brandywyne East Ewing, New Jersey 08638 Beachwood, New Jersey 08722 Brielle, New Jersey 08730

Nancy Chismar Peter Tirpok Wendy Malmid 6 York Dr Apt 6A 44 Court Street 268C Glen Road Monroe Twp Edison, New Jersey 08817 Flemington, New Jersey 08822 Monroe Twp, New Jersey 08831

Wilma Frey Rose Reina Rosenbaum Dennis Morley 23 Water Street 20 Peterson Road 104 Throckmorton Lane Lebanon, New Jersey 08833 Hillsborough, New Jersey 08844 Old Bridge, New Jersey 08857

Shelly Jones Denise Lytle Peter Mulshine 142 High St 11 Wisteria Dr., Apt. 3F 23 Hudson St. Perth Amboy, New Jersey 08861 Fords, New Jersey 08863 Phillipsburg, New Jersey 08865

Veronica Guarraia Fay Forman Veronica Foregger 6 Everit Drive 355 8th Ave Apt 9F 435 W 31st Street Somerville, New Jersey 08876 New York, New York 10001 New York, New York 10001

Animae Chi Frank Menusan Thomas Simon 188 Ludlow St 530F Grand Street # 6F 12 E. 14 St., 3E New York, New York 10002 New York, New York 10002 New York, New York 10003

Jill Simon Jan Ackermann Bobbie Flowers 12 E. 14 St., 3E William St #1450 418 West 17th New York, New York 10003 New York, New York 10004 New York, New York 10011

Janet Forman Sohee Cha Janet Duran 351 West 24 Street Apt 12c 422 W 20th Street, Apt 3D 136 W 4th St New York, New York 10011 New York, New York 10011 New York, New York 10012

Andrew Weprin Robert Macdonald Lauren Maclise 330 East 39th Street 620 Eigth Av 305 East 40th Street New York, New York 10016 New York, New York 10016 New York, New York 10016

Carol Testa Patrick McEvoy Dana Ivey 860 United Nations Plaza 307 E. 70th Street. Apt. 4E 514 West End Avenue 8C New York, New York 10017 New York, New York 10021 New York, New York 10024

Peter Nolan Mark Bastian John Neumeister 214 Riverside Drive 1565 First Avenue 508 W 172 St New York, New York 10025 New York, New York 10028 New York, New York 10032

Marina Barry Theodore Scourles Donna Knipp 250 Cabrini 247 Wadsworth Avenue Apt 6i 60 Seaman Ave 2E New York, New York 10033 New York, New York 10033 New York, New York 10034

Roxana Moya Theresa Wheeler Pablo Bobe 2959 Pioneros E 222 East 93rd Street #20C 1 Main St New York, New York 10110 New York, New York 10128 New York, New York 10130

Sheila Swigert Marge Dakouzlian Robert Dowling 50 Fort Place, B5D 115 Stuyvesant Place 29 Country Woods Ln Staten Island, New York 10301 Staten Island, New York 10301 Staten Island, New York 10308

Maurice Grefe Patricia Bagwell Tracy Basile 491 Fletcher Place 75 W 238 St, Apt 2A 74 Revolutionary Road Bronx, New York 10457 Bronx, New York 10463 Ossining, New York 10562

Jo Anne Gorski Janet Caruso Rebekah Leonard 8 Old Lyme Rd 282 Heritage Hills 16 Lake Kitchawan Drive Purchase, New York 10577 Somers, New York 10589 South Salem, New York 10590

Elspeth Crowley Penelope Sullivan M Leybra 147 Rock Ridge Rd PO Box 151 PO Box 144 Chester, New York 10918 Chester, New York 10918 Pomona, New York 10970

Dostana Ljusic Karen Lyons Kalmenson Michelle Hayward 85 Minturn Road 4 Maple Drive 58 Ditmas Avenue Warwick, New York 10990 Great Neck, New York 11021 Brooklyn, New York 11201

Anita Brandariz Erma Lewis George Kerasiotis 13 Willow 1736 63 Street 1500 8th Ave New York, New York 11201 Brooklyn, New York 11204 Brooklyn, New York 11214

Galicia Outes Czerny Auyang Toni Adisano 317 3rd Street #3C 8th Ave 2066 West 7 Street Brooklyn, New York 11215 Brooklyn, New York 11215 Brooklyn, New York 11223

Monica Zias Laura Napoleon Linda Banta 2950 137th St 252-30 58 Ave 38-11 108th Street Flushing, New York 11354 Little Neck, New York 11362 Corona, New York 11368

Gerald Hallead Naomi Cohen Milly Rosario 8810 Whitney Ave, Apt 1-E 69-60 108 St., Forest Hills, Apt. 209 60-30 Madison Street #A12 Elmhurst, New York 11373 New York, New York 11375 Ridgewood, New York 11385

Michele Paxson Alfred Lopena Elizabeth Watts 2618 Cypress Ave 855 East Broadway #2d1 16 Starks Place East Meadow, New York 11554 Long Beach, New York 11561 Lynbrook, New York 11563

David Douglas Arlene Forwand Barbara Becker 12 Shore Drive 8 Hampton Hill Ct. PO Box 1505 Setauket, New York 11733 Huntington, New York 11743 Melville, New York 11747

Matthew Makowski Robert Rodman Pamylle Greinke 2 Sea Court Lane 2377 S. Seamans Neck Rd. PO Box 456 Port Jefferson, New York 11777 Seaford, New York 11783 Peconic, New York 11958

Jonathan McCann Ken Ward Anna Engel PO Box 1775 140 Bleecker St 3619 County Route 21 Sag Harbor, New York 11963 Gloversville, New York 12078 Stuyvesant, New York 12173

Janine Vinton Marilyn Graziano Deborah Boomhower 1 Walter Street 1 Walter Street 10 Richards Dr Albany, New York 12201 Albany, New York 12202 Aalbany, New York 12205

Robert Zampino Lauraine Wilson Michael Dibenedetto 1058 Laura Street 6111 Corelli Road 85 Hubbbard Rd Schenectady, New York 12306 New York, New York 12345 Fleischmanns, New York 12430

Robin Blier Peggy Atwood Sandy Snyder 1248 Rt. 212 PO Box 225 133 Tanglewood Road Saugerties, New York 12477 Shokan, New York 12481 West Hurley, New York 12491

Sheryl Barnes Gray Barnes Melissa McTague 28 Sherwood Ln 28 Sherwood Lane 206 Fox Croft Vlg Stormville, New York 12582 Stormville, New York 12582 Loch Sheldrke, New York 12759

Dave Colavto Spencer Morris Grant Redhawk 145 Bowers Road 7 Holman Street 12 Laurel La Rock Hill, New York 12775 Glens Falls, New York 12801 Queensbury, New York 12804

Martha Winsten Barbara Trypaluk Jan Trypaluk 150 Old West Rd 211 Circular St. 211 Circular St Gansevoort, New York 12831 Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 Saratoga Springs, New York 12866

Nancy Weber Donna Greenwell Darlene Waldron 198 Circular Street 46 Waterbury St Oak Street Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 Plattsburgh, New York 12901

Char Newman Richanna Patrick Joann Hill 681 Green St. 23 Atkins Ave 111 Eagles Pointe Circle Au Sable Forks, New York 12912 Cortland, New York 13045 Liverpool, New York 13090

Diana Whiting Shari Levan Amy Sauer 33 Griffin St. 126 Bull Hill Rd PO Box 293 Skaneateles, New York 13152 Cold Brook, New York 13324 Eagle Bay, New York 13331

Laraine Lebron Ilona Braune Patricia Vineski 6522 Stage Road Gartenfelder Str., 1 76 E Hill Rd Utica, New York 13502 Berlin, New York 13599 So Colton, New York 13687

Richard Eng Ed Royko Maggie Frazier 3359 Roods Creek Rd. 133 Dunbar Road 134 Dunbar Rd Hancock, New York 13783 Windsor, New York 13865 Windsor, New York 13865

Lydia Kawaler David Kawaler Scott Lebar 6445 Salt Road 6445 Salt Road 377 Adam Street Clarence, New York 14031 Clarence, New York 14031 Tonawanda, New York 14150

Laurie Storm Kathleen Sorce Terri Knauber 80 Howell St 361 Huntington Ave 18 Royal Palm Dr Buffalo, New York 14207 Buffalo, New York 14214 Cheektowaga, New York 14225

Kathy Haverkamp Cenie Cafarelli Sabrina Commisso 722 Billsboro Road 56 Rand Place 78 Parkridge Dr Geneva, New York 14456 Pittsford, New York 14534 Pittsford, New York 14534

Gunnar Doyle Florence Morris Kimberly Wiley 31 Locke Dr 955 Culver Road 72 Chimney Hill Rd Pittsford, New York 14534 Rochester, New York 14609 Rochester, New York 14612

Terry Mara Cynthia Schalk Jade H 73 Beech St. 86 Elm Street 327 Wildwood Ave Jamestown, New York 14701 Mayville, New York 14757 Salamanca, New York 14779

Andrea French Anna Doll Peg Coogan NY & Fed Licensed Wildlife Rehab 959 Dryden Rd Apt G PO Box 127 Corning, New York 14830 Ithaca, New York 14850 Jacksonville, New York 14854

Shelly Schlueter Deborah Woodcook Cheryl Caldwell 3674 Cronk Rd. 905 Spruce Street 1737 Porter Street Montour Falls, New York 14865 Elmira, New York 14904 Conway, Pennsylvania 15027

James N Lubash Deborah Gausmann Marianne Gasior 108 E. Miller Ave 6836 Meade Street 420 Atlantic Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15120 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15221

Michael Corwin Caroline Sterling Rachael Neffshade 301 Third Ave 1427 5311 Pembroke Place 9020 Saltsburg Rd Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15239

Gina Piccolo Susan Ferraro Lisa McNany 107 Carriage Hill 4910 Cole Rd 112 Harrison Avenue Cannonsburgh, Pennsylvania 15317 Murrysville, Pennsylvania 15668 Butler, Pennsylvania 16001

Rita McNany Amanda Wilhelm Anne Hickok 112 Harrison Ave 102 Prema Court 240 1/2 Maple Street Butler, Pennsylvania 16001 Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania 16057 Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16412

Raymond Bartlett Jonas Djerf John Guenther 6907 Buffalo Rd Heslingörsgatan 12 5607 Akron Dr. Harborcreek, Pennsylvania 16421 Stockholm, Pennsylvania 16444 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17109

Suzanne Hall Debra Siefken Suesie Hartman PO Box 732 1494 Mountain Road PO Box 804 Mont Alto, Pennsylvania 17237 Orrtanna, Pennsylvania 17353 Bowmansville, Pennsylvania 17507

Caylee Parker Brad Wertz Patricia Parker 1942 Ursinus Ave 158 Clees Drive 211 N 2nd St Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603 Montoursville, Pennsylvania 17754 Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837

Rhona Pope Samuel Kershaw Morlene Rummel PO Box 86 PO Box 86 207 North Mill St Shamokin, Pennsylvania 17872 Shamokin, Pennsylvania 17872 St Clair, Pennsylvania 17970

Christine Rogerson Judith Smullen Christopher Hudock 1429 Delaware Ave 2429 Linden St 638 10th Avenue Bath, Pennsylvania 18014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018

Christopher Hudock Michelle Nelson Kevin Janus 638 10th Avenue 4523 Rose Drive 1330 Nursery Rd Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018 Emmaus, Pennsylvania 18049 Green Lane, Pennsylvania 18054

Renee Grant Nancy Homyak Elke Romer 58 Chandler Circle 622 Kulp Rd 1216 Evergreen Road Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania 18072 Perkiomenville, Pennsylvania 18074 Riegelsville, Pennsylvania 18077

Terry Mcfadden Janice Saylock Susan Porter 645 E Paoli St 318 Old Mill Road 2134 Hemlock Farms Allentown, Pennsylvania 18103 Dalton, Pennsylvania 18414 Lords Valley, Pennsylvania 18428

Kathy Simonik Sean Raidley John Farver 400 Clarkson Ave 429 River St 9 Cabin Run Road Jessup, Pennsylvania 18434 Scranton, Pennsylvania 18505 Berwick, Pennsylvania 18603

Linda Nichols Garry Taroli Gary Yaeger 88 West St 15 South Franklin Street 2091 Bare Valley Rd Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania 18657 Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania 18711 Montrose, Pennsylvania 18801

Edward Brown Kathleen Rummel Linda Cane 51 West Court Street 2403 W. Walnut St 6863 Paxson Road Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18901 Colmar, Pennsylvania 18915 New Hope, Pennsylvania 18938

Lisa Dejessa M Susan Mayers Katie Chong PO Box 217 300 West Butler 1092 George Rd Ottsville, Pennsylvania 18942 Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002 Meadowbrook, Pennsylvania 19046

Arve Berthelsen Robert Laird Brody Allison 42 Incurve Road 5 School Ln 255 Clover Circle Levittown, Pennsylvania 19057 Rose Valley, Pennsylvania 19063 Media, Pennsylvania 19063

Barry Allison Nancy Allison Beverly Foster 855 12th Avenue 855 12th Avenue 364 Conestoga Road Prospect Park, Pennsylvania 19076 Prospect Park, Pennsylvania 19076 Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087

Rosalie Gripp Stacey Archer Sharon Nugent 11615 Kelvin Ave 2309 East Susquehanna Avenue 3301 Decatur Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19116 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19125 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19136

Allison Lovejoy Linda Maslin Don Robinson 11 Longview Dr 1100 Romsey Dr. 12 Wyndham Lane Thornton, Pennsylvania 19373 Blue Bell, Pennsylvania 19422 Chester Springs, Pennsylvania 19425

Kathleen Kropp Andrea Giardina Cathy Wolfe 53 Morris Road 231 Beacon Drive 138 Jen Air Rd Harleysville, Pennsylvania 19438 Phoenixville, Pennsylvania 19460 Bernville, Pennsylvania 19506

Jack Brown Heather Aston Rachel Sullivan 707 Grove Ave. PO Box 39 1315 W Street NW, Apt 755 Mohnton, Pennsylvania 19540 New Castle, Delaware 19706 Washington, District of Columbia 20009

Jose De Arteaga Lee Stewart Sheryl Porter 2014 31st Place SE Aldie, Virginia 20105 10270 Launch Circle 303 Washignton, District of Columbia Manassas, Virginia 20109 20020

Victoria Stack Tina Wood Maria Aragon 7700 Wilson Road 9066 Baltimore Ave. 6919 Standish Dr Warrenton, Virginia 20186 College Park, Maryland 20740 Hyattsville, Maryland 20784

Rhodie Jorgenson Susan Gresko Meredith Tupper 6116 Temple St. 7505 Democracy Blvd 3251 St. Florence Terrace Bethesda, Maryland 20817 Bethesda, Maryland 20817 Olney, Maryland 20832

Megan Hanford Kathryn Watkins Suzanne Picard 3604 Bermuda Ct. 10756 Middleboro Dr 4400 Bramber St Olney, Maryland 20832 Damascus, Maryland 20872 Kensington, Maryland 20895

Maxine Hillary Charella Marx Nancy Billings 8119 Sligo Creek Parkway 3876 Muddy Creek Road 1981 Brookside Drive Takoma Park, Maryland 20912 Edgewater, Maryland 21037 Edgewood, Maryland 21040

Eliza Berman Steven Camassar Michael Billings 5619 Thicket Lane 6960 Silent Dell Lane 2522 Ady Rd. Columbia, Maryland 21044 Columbia, Maryland 21044 Forest Hill, Maryland 21050

Carol Billett Nicole Weber Donna Buscemi 21604 Parker Rd 356 Nature Walk 2029 Mount Horeb Rd Freeland, Maryland 21053 Pasadena, Maryland 21122 Street, Maryland 21154

Terri Coppersmith Luciana Bianchi Laura Gravitt 2519 Stone Road 110 West 39TH St, Apt 600 606 Nicoll Ave Westminster, Maryland 21158 Baltimore, Maryland 21210 Baltimore, Maryland 21212

Orman Morton Ki Baldwin Marianne Walish 4031 Jacinth Way 3 Mayo Ave. 3 Mayo Ave. Baltimore, Maryland 21236 Annapolis, Maryland 21403 Annapolis, Maryland 21403

Ursula Dicks Robert Tough Linda Keplinger 28795 Outram St 6408 Heritage Rd 26168 Bosch Kn Easton, Maryland 21601 Berlin, Maryland 21811 Hebron, Maryland 21830

Frida Simms Helen Torosian Judy McMullen 106 Roberts Lane Apt 401 5 Aiken 2604 Hockman Ave Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401 Winchester, Virginia 22601

John Cannon Zee Fisher Maxine Cannon 1447 Stoney Bottom Rd. 1447 Stoney Bottom Rd. 1447 Stoney Bottom Rd. Front Royal, Virginia 22630 Front Royal, Virginia 22630 Front Royal, Virginia 22630

Sharon Fisher Karen Fedorov John Clem 1447 Stoney Bottom Rd. 8044 Tackett Lane 680 Cave Spring Lane Front Royal, Virginia 22630 Bealeton, Virginia 22712 Edinburg, Virginia 22824

Sky Hiatt Don Barth Kathleen Betters 862 White Rock Rd 802 Sweet Tessa Dr 5464 Spotslee Circle Charlottesville, Virginia 22902 Ashland, Virginia 23005 Mechanicsville, Virginia 23111

Paul Bird Caryl Sawyer Leslie Calambro 7501 Secretariat Dr 13 Raines Ave 1903 Barribee Lane Midlothian, Virginia 23112 Sandston, Virginia 23150 Henrico, Virginia 23229

Kate Malheiro Jane Turner Frank Smith 420 Rock Dr 4140 Pear Plain Lane 3944 Pollypine Drive Chesapeake, Virginia 23323 Machipongo, Virginia 23405 Virginia Beach, Virginia 23452

Laurel Mancini Stephanie Hundemer Emily Pompei 3944 Pollypine Drive 3760 Harton Road 728 Westminster Lane Virginia Beach, Virginia 23452 Virginia Beach, Virginia 23452 Va Beach, Virginia 23454

Nicholas Chatfield Anne Baker Linda Walters 7 Carey Rd 2060 Vaughan Rd 628 Breeds Hill Rd Dagenham, Virginia 23456 Va Beach, Virginia 23457 Virginia Beach, Virginia 23462

Heike Brown Kim Carpenter Tamara Miller Bolling Ave 8425 Millard St. 335 Manning Lane Norfolk, Virginia 23508 Norfolk, Virginia 23518 Hampton, Virginia 23666

Glenn Creggar Sandy Brown Robert Brown 5620 Elfinwood Road 2208 Point of Rocks Rd 2208 Point of Rocks Rd. Chester, Virginia 23831 Chester, Virginia 23836 Chester, Virginia 23836

Kim Duncan George Stephens Debra Perry 2334 Idavere Rd SW 1588 Springfield Dr 2309 Bishoptown Rd Roanoke, Virginia 24015 Vinton, Virginia 24179 Duffield, Virginia 24244

Michael Johnakin Wileen Clark Edgar Thompson 1806 Orange Street 1550 Augusta Street 2277 Mountain Road Staunton, Virginia 24401 Lynchburg, Virginia 24501 Cedar Bluff, Virginia 24609

John Singleton Sharon Holliday Desiree Hurley 267 Long Leaf Ln 606 Fairway Gardens Us Hwy 33 West Harpers Ferry, West Virginia 25425 Hurricane, West Virginia 25526 Camden, West Virginia 26338

William Fox Margaret Wood Joseph Krss 588 Breakiron Hill Road 1081 Zion Church Rd Zion Church Rd Morgantown, West Virginia 26508 Augusta, West Virginia 26704 Augusta, West Virginia 26704

Carla Burleson Christine Puliselic Tom Barton PO Box 479 4980 Hunt Club Road Apt. K 156 Piccadilly Drive Ridgeley, West Virginia 26753 Winston Salem, North Carolina 27104 Winston Salem, North Carolina 27104

Bijan Foroutan Patricia Field Jessica Benefield 3713 Old Pfafftown Road 2042 Colony Rd 1782 Cunningham Road Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106 Gibsonville, North Carolina 27249 Semora, North Carolina 27343

Laurinda Reinhart Sara Fitzgerald Nancy Yarosis 8773 Holman Mill Rd 92 Bounty Circle 2375 Godwin Lake Rd Snow Camp, North Carolina 27349 Angier, North Carolina 27501 Benson, North Carolina 27504

Julianna Benefield Susan Grega Lorraine St Clair 104 Willoughby Lane 105-2b Brampton Lane 908 New Charleston Rd Cary, North Carolina 27513 Cary, North Carolina 27513 Fuquay Varina, North Carolina 27526

Edwin Adams Walter Mazurick Shelley Frazier 2303 Pine Needles Rd 6122 Splitrock Trail 2501 Pickett Rd. Goldsboro, North Carolina 27534 Apex, North Carolina 27539 Durham, North Carolina 27705

Vicky Newman Daphne Porter Betsy Ray 4011 Saint Marks Road 264 Sea Oats Trl 1615 Morrison Road Durham, North Carolina 27707 Southern Shores, North Carolina 27949 Concord, North Carolina 28025

Debra Beaver Linda Alley Di Inscoe 2915 Stevens Mill Rd 635 Louise Avenue 515Purdue Drive Matthews, North Carolina 28104 Charlotte, North Carolina 28204 Wilmington, North Carolina 28403

Russell James Kimberly McGrew Douglass Swanson 1845 Ramon Rd 7212 Culloden Court 115 Intracoastal Drive Wilmington, North Carolina 28405 Wilmington, North Carolina 28411 Beaufort, North Carolina 28516

Melissa Bahleda Kimberly Hughes Nancy Brown 286 Cool Springs Dr. 301A Kerlee Heights Road 48 Elijah Hall Rd., PO Box 1548 Blowing Rock, North Carolina 28605 Black Mountain, North Carolina 28711 Black Mountain, North Carolina 28711

Judi Cole Sandra Bryan June Bryan 321 Reserve Dr. 101 Settlers Ridge Rd 101 Settlers Ridge Rd Burnsville, North Carolina 28714 Burnsville, North Carolina 28714 Burnsville, North Carolina 28714

Mary Loughlin Don Kiser Steven Audibel 4703 Old River Rd 101 Starview Knoll 511 Hendersonville Rd Canton, North Carolina 28716 Weaverville, North Carolina 28787 Asheville, North Carolina 28803

Laura Ladendorf Peggy Atkins Dortha Swearingen 238 Forest Hill Drive 710 Sand Hill Rd 236 Swearingen Lane Asheville, North Carolina 28803 Asheville, North Carolina 28806 North, South Carolina 29112

Connie Jeffcoat Joni Brewer Alan Smith 193 Edisto Lake Road 995 Poole Road 117 Denali St Wagener, South Carolina 29164 Clinton, South Carolina 29325 Inman, South Carolina 29349

Martin Levisen Kathy Shoemaker Lisa Scharin 1771 Opal Ave 668 Belle Isle Rd 2251 United Drive Charleston, South Carolina 29407 Georgetown, South Carolina 29440 Huger, South Carolina 29450

Emily Lundgren Jan Modjeski Deborah Lashley 100 Ocean Creek Dr 4315A Lotus Court 600 Wedgewood Court Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 29572 Murrells Inlet, South Carolina 29576 North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 29582

Stephen Powell JB Coleman Allen Coleman 126 Manor Ct 201 Ginger Lane 201 Ginger Lane Central, South Carolina 29630 Easley, South Carolina 29642 Easley, South Carolina 29642

Doug Parks Janice Phenix Candace Deal 887 Bonum Rd 2015 Lynn Court 3601 Canton Rd. Unit 111 Lake Wylie, South Carolina 29710 Cumming, Georgia 30028 Marietta, Georgia 30066

James Standeford Pamela Greeson Mia Moss 3686 Johnson Lake Road 1176 Crestbrook Ln 4993 Amethyst Dr Cedartown, Georgia 30125 Mableton, Georgia 30126 Douglasville, Georgia 30135

Kay Huff Robert Sanders Curt Westley 1752 Blacks Bluff Rd. 103 Villa Rosa Ridge 368 Moreland Ave NE Atlanta, Georgia 30161 Temple, Georgia 30179 Atlanta, Georgia 30307

Michael Folks Rhonda D Wright MD Freya Harris 525 Glen Iris Dr., 3727 1207 Druid Knoll Dr NE 4620 Wieuca Rd. Atlanta, Georgia 30308 Atlanta, Georgia 30319 Atlanta, Georgia 30342

Don Clark Eric Griffith Christina Williams 170 Brawley Ln 160 Wynburn Ave 2350 Belmont Road Suches, Georgia 30572 Athens, Georgia 30601 Arnoldsville, Georgia 30619

Cathy Taibbi Janice Smith Sam Booher 1755 Kilcrease Rd 331 Mount Vernon Drive, PO Box 231 4387 Roswell Dr Bethlehem, Georgia 30620 Calhoun, Georgia 30703 Augsta, Georgia 30907

Brad Belo Tom Peek Dinorah Hall 1295 Ross Street 7272 Shellman Bluff Rd NE Unit 11 1713 Dawson Road Macon, Georgia 31201 Townsend, Georgia 31331 Albany, Georgia 31707

Brenda Griffin Mark Gorey Brian Paradise 106 Town Court 410 Dexter St. SW 13 Arbor Club Dr. #315, 315 Thomasville, Georgia 31792 Live Oak, Florida 32064 Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida 32082

Julie Parker Kathleen Collins Elena Aguirre 6938 Sea Place Ave 1628 Stonewood Court 3842 Esplanade Ave Saint Augustine, Florida 32086 Saint Augustine, Florida 32092 Port Orange, Florida 32129

Jose Aguirre Teresa Arca Rosa Popowski 3842 Esplanade Ave 3842 Esplanade Ave 3842 Esplanade Ave Port Orange, Florida 32129 Port Orange, Florida 32129 Port Orange, Florida 32129

Leslie Meadows Jeffrey Bains Sally Connelly 662 Herbert St 1721 Myrtle Beach Drive 126 White Hall Dr Port Orange, Florida 32129 The Villages, Florida 32159 Palm Coast, Florida 32164

Lisa Koehl Samantha Turetsky Kyle Billy 22 Twin River Drive 608 John Anderson Dr 1757 Glendale Street Ormond Beach, Florida 32174 Ormond Beach, Florida 32176 Jacksonville, Florida 32205

Janice Billy Dusty Kinsey Eddy Litchfield 1757 Glendale Street 4462 Turner Avenue 4643 Water Oak Lane Jacksonville, Florida 32205 Jacksonville, Florida 32207 Jacksonville, Florida 32210

Lisa Harding Linda Allan Margaret Silver 7140 Cisco Gardens 211 Pine Street 1829 Sea Oats Drive Jacksonville, Florida 32219 Atlantic Beach, Florida 32233 Atlantic Beach, Florida 32233

Ron Silver Jan Novotny Pauline Burkhart 1829 Sea Oats Drive 401 15th Ave. North 794 Opossum Lane Atlantic Beach, Florida 32233 Jacksonville Beach, Florida 32250 Saint Johns, Florida 32259

Candy Sullivan John R Jackson Judy Lenoir 220 South St. 1306 Metcalf Rd 356 Fanny Ann Way Neptune Beach, Florida 32266 Bonifay, Florida 32425 Freeport, Florida 32439

Edward Stamborski Mary Burns Julie Stuckey 2851 Helen Street 17351 Perdido Key #5 641 E Johnson Ave Pensacola, Florida 32504 Pensacola, Florida 32507 Pensacola, Florida 32514

Karen Russell Christeen Anderson Arkady Vyatchanin 5668 Pennington Road 4609 Top Flight Drive 501 SW 75TH St Crestview, Florida 32539 Crestview, Florida 32539 Gainesville, Florida 32607

Lorelei Levesque Gudrun Dennis Jill Tew 13214 NE 34th Terrace 5912 NW 26th Street 5515 N.E. County Road 219A Gainesville, Florida 32609 Gainesville, Florida 32653 Melrose, Florida 32666

Roberta Stowe Walter Echols Elizabeth Fahy 268 NE 682nd Ave 270 W Spring Lake Dr. 946 Vicksburg St Old Town, Florida 32680 Altamonte Springs, Florida 32714 Deltona, Florida 32725

Patricia Buttimer Charlie Hull John Fargnoli 110 Shomate Drive 1014 S Oak Ave 1628 Sunset Ct. Longwood, Florida 32750 Sanford, Florida 32771 Tavares, Florida 32778

William Young Patti Thompson Orlando Reyes 1976 Staunton Avenue 9825 Lancewood Street 9429 Emily Loop Apt 201 Winter Park, Florida 32789 Orlando, Florida 32817 Orlando, Florida 32817

April Wilk P M Bowley Rickey Buttery 11428 Banner Court #3105 2701 Sr 524 6395 Wien Ln. Orlando, Florida 32821 Cocoa, Florida 32926 Cocoa, Florida 32927

Stephanie Hayes Katia Engelhard Tanya Freymuth 1440 Ramblebrook St 2916 Mondavi Drive 1502 Picasso St Valkaria, Florida 32950 Rockledge, Florida 32955 Sebastian, Florida 32958

Carmel Severson Lori Koehn Joan Gove 9050 Pines Blvd. 1536 4th St 424 NE 25 Ave Pembroke Pines, Florida 33024 Key West, Florida 33040 Pompano Beach, Florida 33062

Gail Tucker Maria Lebowitz Maurice Lebowitz 2121 N Bayshore Dr #1410 1285 NE 102nd Street 1285 NE 102nd Street Miami, Florida 33137 Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Miami Shores, Florida 33138

Carolina Rodriguez Cynthia Guerra Grant Spellerberg 1330 Ocean Drive 5E 251 Galen Dr 202E 19541 Belview Drive Miami, Florida 33139 Key Biscayne, Florida 33149 Cutler Bay, Florida 33157

Susan Markley Ileana Lopez Nancy Patus 7395 SW 148th St. 10243 SW 7th St 1750 NE 191st Street, Apt. 605 Palmetto Bay, Florida 33158 Miami, Florida 33174 Miami, Florida 33179

Esther Garvett Valerie Howell Kimberly McGuire 10431 SW 143 Ave. PO Box 558612 1010 Seminole Dr #207 Miami, Florida 33186 Miami, Florida 33255 Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304

Elizabeth Leitao Linda Garcia Stephanie Lavender 6721 NW 29th Terrace 2930 SW 53rd Terrace 515 SW 16 Street Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309 Davie, Florida 33314 Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33315

Dennis Hearing Susan Ponchot Abbey Zap 515 SW 16th St 9370 NW 39 Ct 1596 SW 5th Ave Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33315 Sunrise, Florida 33351 Boca Raton, Florida 33432

M L Rubar Laura Defeo Lynne Koenigsberg 4300 Jog Rd, Box 540182 8452 SE Croft Cirlce, G-1 5575 Northeast Trieste Way Greenacres, Florida 33454 Hobe Sound, Florida 33455 Boca Raton, Florida 33487

Debra Tate Michael Cooper Laurel Covington 10406 Vern Street 40938 Sutorus Rd. 17303 Estes Rd Gibsonton, Florida 33534 Zephyerhills, Florida 33540 Lutz, Florida 33548

Jillian Shannon Lisa Mazzola Janice Shannon 1704 W Country Club Drive 1723 Followthru Drive 1704 W Country Club Dr Tampa, Florida 33612 Tampa, Florida 33612 Tampa, Florida 33612

Linda Murphy Paul Verzosa Feather Bradley 11311 N. 22nd St. 7913 Tangerine Dr 7421 2nd Street North Tampa, Florida 33612 Temple Terrace, Florida 33637 St Petersburg, Florida 33702

Julie Frawley Patricia Bildz Lasha Wells 350 Rafael Blvd NE 131 94th Avenue 6243 3rd Avenue South St Petersburg, Florida 33704 Treasure Island, Florida 33706 Saint Petersburg, Florida 33707

DK Bolen Kennie Espaillat Nancy Neumann 5600 59 Way North 10346 3rd St N 315 Court St. #117 St Petersburg, Florida 33709 St Petersburg, Florida 33716 Clearwater, Florida 33756

Ivanka Cresko Cynthia Thomas Jennifer Phillips 2774 Country Way 66077 Thames Rd. N. 730 Farmer Brown Road Clearwater, Florida 33763 Pinellas Park, Florida 33782 Lakeland, Florida 33801

Carmen Balfour Gregory Esteve Linda Wood 4302 Shadow Wood Lane 3655 North Scenic Highway 4223 Ellen Ave Winter Haven, Florida 33880 Lake Wales, Florida 33898 Fort Myers, Florida 33901

Allie Tennant Edith Yelland Mary Shabbott 4763 Nottingham Dr 3875 Sabal Springs Boulevard 10249 Acorn Trail Ft Myers, Florida 33905 North Fort Myers, Florida 33917 Punta Gorda, Florida 33950

Jeanne Jain Marian Costa Gerald Debaun 2551 Conway Blvd. 4463 Lake Heather Circle 3100 North Rd. Port Charlotte, Florida 33952 Saint James City, Florida 33956 Naples, Florida 34104

Douglas Webber Judith Hamilton Carole Scheidt 6716 Mistflower Glen 1602 36th Ave. E. 835 S. Osprey Ave. #117 Lakewood Ranch, Florida 34202 Bradenton, Florida 34208 Sarasota, Florida 34236

Kurt Rowe Deborah Long Croitiene Ganmoryn 4217 Cascade Falls Dr. 12290 SW 16th Ave 6211 SE 24th Ave Sarasota, Florida 34243 Ocala, Florida 34473 Ocala, Florida 34480

Howard Stafford Lauralee Freedom Conklin Lisa Knudsen Stafford Farms, 941 NW 110TH Ct 22250 Hayman Rd 7705 Red Mill Circle Ocala, Florida 34482 Brooksville, Florida 34602 New Port Richey, Florida 34653

Adrianne Palazzolo Maya Goel Nina Perino 1031 Pomme De Pin Lane Via Murano 2678 Megan Ct. New Port Richey, Florida 34655 Oldsmar, Florida 34677 Palm Harbor, Florida 34684

Deborah Odom Joan Thornquist Mary Keene 11339 Preserve View Dr 11241 Pine Ridge Rd PO Box 13265 Windermere, Florida 34786 Leesburg, Florida 34788 Ft Pierce, Florida 34957

Paulette Murray Mary Hinkson Robert Laroux PO Box 36 1006 Locust Ave 2002 Great Hills Drive Sycamore, Alabama 35149 Huntsville, Alabama 35801 Huntsville, Alabama 35811

Kathryn Dalenberg Daniel Weesner Kim Vaughn 10604 County Road 121 1201 N Alston St Foley Al 2560 East Rd Valley Head, Alabama 35989 Foley, Alabama 36535 Mobile, Alabama 36693

Dennis Goldsby Jack Norris Chris Drumright 418 Campbell Hollow Rd 510 Wilson Newby Rd 1434 E. Main St. #26 Bethpage, Tennessee 37022 Mcminnville, Tennessee 37110 Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37130

Jenna Arsenault Penny Case Lisa Maskey 3700 Eastover Rd 4500 Jackson Road 2606 8th Ave S Watertown, Tennessee 37184 Whites Creek, Tennessee 37189 Nashville, Tennessee 37204

Richard Knight Scott Beals Christine Coons 167 Charleston Park 137 Whirlwind Ln 515 Wells St. Nashville, Tennessee 37205 Pikeville, Tennessee 37367 Chattanooga, Tennessee 37405

Lori Weber Terri Hughes Doraine Shipley 116 Spring City Dr., 46 351 Long Hollow Rd. 286 Droke Ln Johnson City, Tennessee 37601 Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643 Jonesborough, Tennessee 37659

Kate Cassidy Betty Howell Shawn Cline Kingsport 573 Sunrise Cir 2617 Dellwood Dr Kingsport, Tennessee 37765 Sevierville, Tennessee 37862 Sevierville, Tennessee 37876

Phyl Morello Bu Morello Pamela Bogan 984 Harrison Ferry Rd 984 Harrison Ferry Rd 5018 Verosa Ave White Pine, Tennessee 37890 White Pine, Tennessee 37890 Memphis, Tennessee 38117

Meghan Holtz Steve Chrisman Jennifer Swilley 124 Hamilton Hill Road 9152 Cherokee Trl 24 Lois Lane Lynnville, Tennessee 38472 Crossville, Tennessee 38572 Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39402

Cory Patton Barbara Warner Evan Brand 10561 Holden Dr 1955 Tatum Lane 133 Rocky Run Ct Pass Christian, Mississippi 39571 Lebanon, Kentucky 40033 Shepherdsville, Kentucky 40165

Craig Bunting Robin Russo Marsha Browne 400 Mccready Avenue 933 East Washington St 3513 Lexington Rd Apt 3 Louisville, Kentucky 40206 Louisville, Kentucky 40206 Louisville, Kentucky 40207

Rebecca Bickel Christopher Harbin Jennifer Edelen 1613 Orchard Ave 1057 Reasor Ave 6304 Hanses Dr Louisville, Kentucky 40213 Louisville, Kentucky 40217 Louisville, Kentucky 40219

Deb Williamson Joan McMillian Terry Robertson 330 Westland 1783 Marshview Ct 12 Perry Rd Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 Hebron, Kentucky 41048 Olive Hill, Kentucky 41164

Brenda England Zenda Jones Sisan Spamding 2259 Phelps Dunham Rd 3021 Matthews Mill Rd 1864 Hwy. 88 Edmonton, Kentucky 42129 Glasgow, Kentucky 42141 Greensburg, Kentucky 42743

Ladene Mayville Debbie Kindoll Marti Chaatsmith 8786 Greylag Loop 8235 Havens Corner Rd 3793 Greenbridge Loop S Blacklick, Ohio 43004 Blacklick, Ohio 43004 Dublin, Ohio 43016

Shelley McKee Kathi Ridgway Theresa Corner 12410 Cable Rd 85 Covenant Way Apt. 100 5711 Carnes Rd Pataskala, Ohio 43062 Canal Winchester, Ohio 43110 Carroll, Ohio 43112

Kathleen Cole Phala Ray Paul Szymanowski 246 Clark Drive 244 Windsor PO Box 74 Cicleville, Ohio 43113 Marion, Ohio 43302 Curtice, Ohio 43412

Mike Nestor Denise Kress Alice Mullins 4640 288th 44439 Main St 16 Circle Dr Toledo, Ohio 43611 Saint Clairsville, Ohio 43950 Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44022

Jeffrey McCollim Marilyn Evenson Valorie Wolcott 7154 N. Downing Pl 408 Wine St 9106 Prelog Lane Concord, Ohio 44077 Vermilion, Ohio 44089 Kirtland, Ohio 44094

Renee Risser Randall Moyer Vickie Smith 7009 Clement Avenue 17422 Shaw Avenue #B 3508 Krather Road Cleveland, Ohio 44105 Lakewood, Ohio 44107 Cleveland, Ohio 44109

Laura Dalton Danitra Donatelli Gay Goden 1707 E 240 St 1605 Eddington Rd 18951 Abby Ave Euclid, Ohio 44117 Cleveland Heights, Ohio 44118 Euclid, Ohio 44119

Kim Zarney Phil Vasil Valerie Hildebrand 22 Deerfield Lane 6337 Alexandria Marioncliff Drive Cleveland, Ohio 44122 Parma Hts, Ohio 44130 Parma, Ohio 44134

Beth Verbiar Mitzi Frank Jodie Delamatre 971 Lloyd Ave PO Box 118 699 Weber Ave Aurora, Ohio 44202 Sharon Center, Ohio 44274 Akron, Ohio 44303

James Lindsay Virginia Sowers Ronald Sowers 257 Keith Avenue 7919 Drake Stateline Rd 7919 Drake Stateline Rd Akron, Ohio 44313 Burghill, Ohio 44404 Burghill, Ohio 44404

Jean Tucker Sanand Dilip Tina Behla 3690 Main St #23 308 W Main St 380 W Main Mineral Ridge, Ohio 44440 Alliance, Ohio 44601 alliance, Ohio 44601

Katherine Sampson Liliana Fiorini Martina Behla 308 W Main St 308 W Main Main W Alliance, Ohio 44601 Ohio, Ohio 44601 Alliance, Ohio 44607

Cal Cole Gregory Brooks Darlene Brooks 7241 Citrus Rd 1801 Gasche St. Apt. D21 1801 Gasche St Apt D21 Waynesburg, Ohio 44688 Wooster, Ohio 44691 Wooster, Ohio 44691

Debra Meyer Steve Kent Pharron Ison 8493 Cindell St SE 8111 Rob St. 9073 Canal Way East Canton, Ohio 44730 Hamilton, Ohio 45011 West Chester, Ohio 45069

Jeff Brierly Tom Mongold Ann Ohmer 5765 Meadowview Drive 10660 Noble Rd. 5998 Beech Dell Milford, Ohio 45150 New Vienna, Ohio 45159 Cincinnati, Ohio 45233

Constance Sherwood Kathy Taylor Kimberly Bailey 5041 Julianne Drive 7110 English Dr 3032 Wyoming Dr Cincinnati, Ohio 45241 Cincinnati, Ohio 45244 Xenia, Ohio 45385

William Walter Brenda Jordan John Brewer 3032 Wyoming Dr. 2317 Gipsy Dr 409 Aurora Street Xenia, Ohio 45385 Dayton, Ohio 45414 Marietta, Ohio 45750

Zachary Finn Teresa Duncan Constance Campbell Ferry 44 S Coventry Dr 500 S Baldwin St 6213 E. C.R. 300 N. Anderson, Indiana 46012 Bargersville, Indiana 46106 Fillmore, Indiana 46128

Eric Spearing Pamela England Andrea Mcveigh 4236 Woodland Streams Dr PO Box 142 1333 Alimingo Drive Greenwood, Indiana 46143 Paragon, Indiana 46166 Indianapolis, Indiana 46260

Anna Lukas Wendre Bittner Dawn Picard 1015 Riverdrive 11502 W 2200 S 6411 N. 125 W. Hammond, Indiana 46324 La Crosse, Indiana 46348 La Porte, Indiana 46350

Walter Jones Denise Kastner Mike Kastner 6411 N. 125 W. 17667 Grant St 17667 Grant St La Porte, Indiana 46350 Lowell, Indiana 46356 Lowell, Indiana 46356

Duane Wager Kathleen Bauer Pamela Vouroscallahan 311 Franklin St 56180 County Road 21 11761 Adams Rd North Judson, Indiana 46366 Bristol, Indiana 46507 Granger, Indiana 46530

Nancy White John Kirchner Rebecca Call 1105 Lake Ave 7510 Hope Farm Road 6625 S State Road 19 Fort Waynme, Indiana 46805 Fort Wayne, Indiana 46815 Peru, Indiana 46970

Bev Hankins Line Ringgaard Mary Clinton 3389 E Bas Rd Willow St 11580 Rabbit Hash Road Dillsboro, Indiana 47018 Rising Sun, Indiana 47040 Elizabeth, Indiana 47117

James Wolcott Cherie Ticknor William Colvin 2140 State St 4985 N Crystal St 5239 Us 40, Box 97 New Albany, Indiana 47150 North Vernon, Indiana 47265 Straughn, Indiana 47387

Joyce Jeffries Barbara Bennett Roberta Claypool 104 Walnut Heights Rd 805 Vine PO Box 209 Bedford, Indiana 47421 W Lafayette, Indiana 47906 Mellott, Indiana 47958

Deanna Frey Hadel Toma Karen Locklear 5377W 1400S 22420 Kelly Rd. 65438 Place Rd Remington, Indiana 47977 Eastpointe, Michigan 48021 Lenox, Michigan 48050

William Littmann William McMullin Aggie Monfette 12932 Excalibur Royal Oak, Michigan 48073 3521 Hillside Dr Romeo, Michigan 48065 Royal Oak, Michigan 48073

Ned Rollins Mackenzie Mcdonald Wilkins Michele Wilkins 2268 Westaire Ct. 1445 Hatcher Crescent 1445 Hatcher Crescent Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103

Keith Bailey Horace Bailey Michelle Aubin 1445 Hatcher Crescent 1445 Hatcher Crescent 2639 Oak Valley Dr. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103

Dionne Toye Richard Smith Connie Girrbach 9855 Jackson 17393 Harman 5333 Trombley Belleville, Michigan 48111 Melvindale, Michigan 48122 Newport, Michigan 48166

Kim Korona Maria Kendig Sherry McCullough 6501 Yale St 308 Brittany Lane 1664 Fort St. Westland, Michigan 48169 Saline, Michigan 48176 Trenton, Michigan 48183

Reynalyn Victorio Sally Lunn Durk Barton 4006 Woodcreek Dr 706 Dwight Street 418 E. Grand Blvd. Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197 Ypsilanti, Michigan 48198 Detroit, Michigan 48202

Carol Burton Monique Balaban Ms Michele Krolczyk 5321 Forest Way 1487 N. Livernois Rd. 42224 Parkside Circle Bloomfield, Michigan 48302 Rochester Hills, Michigan 48306 Sterling Heights, Michigan 48314

Ilse Kappy Ilse Devereux Thomas Progar 5394 Pembrooke Crossing Ct. 37029 Ridgedale Court 21522 Green Hill Rd., Apt 134 West Bloomfield, Michigan 48322 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48335

Erin Hanson Beverly Hamilton Victor Chippewa 2776 Highwinds 3567 Newark Rd 9414 Bluespruce Ct. Oakland, Michigan 48363 Attica, Michigan 48412 Davison, Michigan 48423

Trish Marie Barbara Trudell Diane Brodak 7042 East Maple Ave 6042 Belmont Ct. 5251 Hunters Ridge Grand Blanc, Michigan 48439 Grand Blanc, Michigan 48439 Holly, Michigan 48442

Neal Toward Charles Howe Diana Duffy 1837 Oakwood Road 2250 Irish Way 6955 N Us Highway 23 Ortonville, Michigan 48462 Roscommon, Michigan 48653 Oscoda, Michigan 48750

Thomas Nerenhausen Linda Kreusel Laura Drotar PO Box 16182 3300 Jerree Street 119 S Fairview Ave Lansing, Michigan 48901 Lansing, Michigan 48911 Lansing, Michigan 48912

Art Hanson Brandon Lee Alexander Hakam 1815 Briarwood Dr. 322 Pere Marquette #1 27210 Gardenway Rd Lansing, Michigan 48917 Lansing, Michigan 48922 Franklin, Michigan 48925

Elaine Brown Jeff Ruimveld Harold Gleaves 633 Aldersgate Dr. 2028 Charles Ave. 11089 Vankal Portage, Michigan 49024 Kalamazoo, Michigan 49048 Lawton, Michigan 49065

Theresa Gray Kristi Lloyd Marnie Heyn 547 Boone Road PO Box 364 1415 South State Street Quincy, Michigan 49082 Richland, Michigan 49083 Saint Joseph, Michigan 49085

Nicholas Lee Alicia Lahaie Teresa Unger South Haven 4775 Basin Street 8661 16 Mile Rd South Haven, Michigan 49090 Adrian, Michigan 49221 Paris, Michigan 49338

Wendy Wamser Lorie Schoen Tae Mier 6753 Plainview NE 3050 10th Street 3358 Millard Rockford, Michigan 49341 Wayland, Michigan 49348 Muskegon, Michigan 49441

RR Mier Gina Clark Rick Asselmeier 3358 Millard 17254 Peppermill 17710 North Shore Muskegon, Michigan 49441 Spring Lake, Michigan 49456 Spring Lake, Michigan 49456

Tracy Schalk Doug Haberland Alan Haxton 708 Deming St SE 3148 Buttermilk Loop 1604 River Drive Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 Traverse City, Michigan 49686 Grayling, Michigan 49738

Joyce Haxton Jan Davidson Nancy Smith 1604 River Dr 225 W. Lincoln St. 162 Albatross St Grayling, Michigan 49738 Iron Mountain, Michigan 49801 Gwinn, Michigan 49841

Peggy Greenwood Kevin Crupi Jeri Rehberg 1904 13th Ave 146 Midway Drive PO Box 24 Menominee, Michigan 49858 Negaunee, Michigan 49866 Seney, Michigan 49883

Paul Rehberg Terri Poniatoski Lynn Daivs PO Box 24 PO Box 112 PO Box 432 Seney, Michigan 49883 Seney, Michigan 49883 Chassell, Michigan 49916

Paulette Morin Sandra Monville Michelle Pappaducas 1019 Champion Street 501 Heard St 710 SE 5th Court Houghton, Michigan 49931 Ontonagon, Michigan 49953 Ankeny, Iowa 50021

Gina Wheeler Deke Gliem Christine Thompson 1765 400th Still 14286 141st Street PO Box 23 Boone, Iowa 50036 Dawson, Iowa 50066 Lamoni, Iowa 50140

Anne Borts Jane Hermann Skye Young 66800 213th Street 17303 H Ave. PO Box 275 Nevada, Iowa 50201 Perry, Iowa 50220 Polk City, Iowa 50226

Debra Warrens Christopher Toye Helen Moss 204 Gayle St. 2185 160th Street 303 W Logan Waterloo, Iowa 50701 Clarinda, Iowa 51632 Clarinda, Iowa 51632

David Murray Mary Whitehead Kyle Bantz 12166 Madison Rd 3754 North Center Point Road 439 Claudette Ln NE Center Junction, Iowa 52212 Center Point, Iowa 52213 Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402

Dona Doig Nicole Loh Debbie Lompa 10003 Lawndale Dr Mayville, Wisconsin 53050 477 Bolson Dr Cedarburg, Wisconsin 53012 Oconomowoc, Wisconsin 53066

Cynthia Fusco Elsa Blad Ellen Gutfleisch W288N2278 Oakton Manor Drive, # 8 W4658 Cty Road O N72 W22488 Jeanine Ln Pewaukee, Wisconsin 53072 Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin 53085 Sussex, Wisconsin 53089

Kent John Clark Keith Schuette Karen Knaus N72 W22488 Jeanine Ln 612 Mulberry Dr. E. 24613 66th Street Sussex, Wisconsin 53089 West Bend, Wisconsin 53090 Salem, Wisconsin 53168

Dr. Todd Walker William Lakemacher Cindy Rosin 517 Rawson Ct. 613 S Grand 6565 N. Pine Shore Dr. South Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53172 Waukesha, Wisconsin 53186 Glendale, Wisconsin 53209

Karla Leithoff John Vitek Gay Arnold 3540 N. Frederick Ave. 857 East Reservoir Ave 8340 N Links Way Shorewood, Wisconsin 53211 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 Fox Pont, Wisconsin 53217

Allan Seidl Patrick Ryan Marlena Tzakis 4009 S 52nd St 6253 N River Trail Drive 11202 W National Ave Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53220 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53225 West Allis, Wisconsin 53227

Beth Phillips Mark Giese Rhonda Bast 2031 S 95th St 1520 Bryn Mawr Ave 815 - 8th St., Apt. 309 West Allis, Wisconsin 53227 Racine, Wisconsin 53403 Racine, Wisconsin 53403

Tammy Leidig Lisa Thomaschek Sarah Foster E10995 County Road PF 941 Yuma Circle 3130 James Street Prairie Du Sac, Wisconsin 53578 Stoughton, Wisconsin 53589 Madison, Wisconsin 53714

Deb Monson April Strohmeyer Jackie Tryggeseth E2576 Clubhouse Dr W6912 Suldal Rd S7559 Us Highway 12, Apt. C-5 Lavalle, Wisconsin 53941 Mauston, Wisconsin 53948 North Freedom, Wisconsin 53951

Melanie Weberg Janice Sampo Wendy Feiereisen 1860 Swede Lake Drive 2058 Hilltop Dr 181 Wahoo Rd Osceola, Wisconsin 54020 Green Bay, Wisconsin 54313 Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin 54545

Bob Lefevre Shirley Rodgers Sandra Atkins E7805 County Highway V N727 County Road X N5428 24th Ave New Auburn, Wisconsin 54757 Weyauwega, Wisconsin 54983 Wild Rose, Wisconsin 54984

Trisha Flaherty Curt Frederick Christopher Tassava 4325 231st Lane NE 20337 Arrowhead St. NW 1716 Sunset Drive East Bethel, Minnesota 55005 Cedar, Minnesota 55011 Northfield, Minnesota 55057

Michael Chutich Laura Lambert Baishali Bakshi 1283 Sargent Ave 2708 Gerald Avenue 1995 Radatz Ave Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105 North Saint Paul, Minnesota 55109 Maplewood, Minnesota 55109

Theresa Eisele Bob Eisele Kalani Eisele 4209 Braddock Trail 4209 Braddock Trail 4209 Braddock Trail Eagan, Minnesota 55123 Eagan, Minnesota 55123 Eagan, Minnesota 55123

Marsha Weber Loretta Peterson Colleen McNicoll 656 Grange Ave N 1590 Wheelock Ridge Rd 20850 Harlow Ave Oakdale, Minnesota 55128 St Paul, Minnesota 55130 Jordan, Minnesota 55352

John J Finazzo Sr Annette Prieve Tamera Larson 1070 North Shore Drive W 9201 333rd Ave NW 26392 8th Street Circle Orono, Minnesota 55364 Princeton, Minnesota 55371 Zimmerman, Minnesota 55398

Elizabeth Gray Linda Rolf Debbie Pierce 121 Washington Ave S #417 1900 1st Ave S, Apt 26 132 N. Cedar Lake Rd. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55405

Sherry Crayne Bonnie Boran Camille Hanson 3836 30th Ave S 3717 - 19th Ave. S. 4300 19th Ave. S. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55407 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55407

Charlotte Hughes Lu Zent Robert Wohlberg 1334 6th St NE 19465 Oak Ave 6739 11th Ave S Minneapolis, Minnesota 55413 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414 Richfield, Minnesota 55423

Bradley Weberg Alice Bowron Linda Hayes 1304 East 88th Street 5401 51st Av N 5631 Emerson Avenue North Bloomington, Minnesota 55425 Crystal, Minnesota 55429 Brooklyn, Minnesota 55430

Bruce Hanson Michelle Hanson Raleigh Koritz 12720 27th Avenue N 12720 27th Avenue N 4505 Nathan Ln N, 313 Plymouth, Minnesota 55441 Plymouth, Minnesota 55441 Plymouth, Minnesota 55442

Mark Walters Florence Sandok Judy Knudson 11405 Town Line Road 1516 13th Avenue Northeast 2333 Snowbird Lane Hibbing, Minnesota 55746 Rochester, Minnesota 55906 North Mankato, Minnesota 56003

Warren Knudson Kally I Own the Forests Goschke Connie Myers 2333 Snowbird Lane 24725 361st Ave 815 3rd Ave North Mankato, Minnesota 56003 Henderson, Minnesota 56044 Bingham Lake, Minnesota 56118

Arleen Rutten Rosalind Ressen Elizabeth Hyatt 1550 11th Avenue SE 313 N 5th St 49544 County 73 Saint Cloud, Minnesota 56304 Brainerd, Minnesota 56401 Hewitt, Minnesota 56453

A.J. Martin Margaret Ingalls Judith McDonald 27518 County Road 3 12944 Dobbins Rd 4200 Sherman Dr NE Merrifield, Minnesota 56465 Merrifield, Minnesota 56465 Bemidji, Minnesota 56601

Dianna Torson Denise Hovland Bruce Bodenhofer 46850 221st St 1919 Moriarty Dr 110 E Center Street #2054 Brookings, South Dakota 57006 Brookings, South Dakota 57006 Madison, South Dakota 57042

Donna Duncan Diane Wilson Mace Roberts PO Box 122 1703 S Dakota Ave 41795 186th St Vermillion, South Dakota 57069 Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105 Carpenter, South Dakota 57322

Tressa Crum Shelli Schmidt Kathryn Jones 24153 407th Ave 223 South Main Str Apt #7F 29338 Us Hwy 212 Lot 713 Letcher, South Dakota 57359 Aberdeen, South Dakota 57401 Gettysburg, South Dakota 57442

Royal Lost His Blanket Stone Jr Karen Nottingham Donna Cardoza PO Box 193 15 Marquette Dr 1612 Van Buren Parmelee, South Dakota 57566 Rapid City, South Dakota 57701 Rapid City, South Dakota 57701

Margaret Laffey Sherida Ribordy Jennifer Fuller PO Box 2814 5901 Rockytop Dr. 375 Bluebell Lane, Unit 4 Rapid City, South Dakota 57709 Black Hawk, South Dakota 57718 Custer, South Dakota 57730

Denise Parker Sandra Woodard Bernadine Noble 211 Deer Path PO Box 533 PO Box 125 Lead, South Dakota 57754 Oglala, South Dakota 57764 Oglala, South Dakota 57764

Barbra Holznagel Carlotta Sailer Randy Sailer 1119 University Dr 1018 Cherry Lane 1018 Cherry Lane Bismarck, North Dakota 58504 Beulah, North Dakota 58523 Beulah, North Dakota 58523

Monica Ford Ravenheart Aurora Boise Maria Parthe 12 Lovers Lane PO Box 453 59 Spreading Winge Ln. Absarokee, Montana 59001 Emigrant, Montana 59027 Fishtail, Montana 59028

Leo Leckie Kim Kaiser Douglas MacCartney PO Box 84 505 Scott Street PO Box 984 Gardiner, Montana 59030 Gardiner, Montana 59030 Gardiner, Montana 59030

Sabina Strauss Julianne Baker Betsy Snow 4 Maiden Basin Drive 592 Old Yellowstone Trl S 1710 Groshelle Blvd Gardiner, Montana 59030 Gardiner, Montana 59030 Laurel, Montana 59044

Paulette Hall Louisa Willcox David Mattson 48 Mc Donald Creek Rd 97 Suce Creek Road 97 Suce Creek Rd Livingston, Montana 59047 Livingston, Montana 59047 Livingston, Montana 59047

Loanne Frisk Nate Howard Vicki Sielaff 322 South Main South Second Street 23 Alder Ln Livingston, Montana 59047 Livingston, Montana 59047 Livingston, Montana 59047

Elizabeth Kearney Margarita McLarty William Kuba PO Box 391 85 Chicory Road 416 N 7th St Livingston, Montana 59047 Livingston, Montana 59047 Livingston, Montana 59047

Jim Burns Susan Johnston Tristan Sophia 3190 E River Rd PO Box 1726 PO Box 391 Livingston, Montana 59047 Red Lodge, Montana 59068 Reed Point, Montana 59069

Kay Carlson Lisa Bessasparis Patricia Gehring 844 Yellowstone 4101 King Ave East #2 3040 Central Ave C-104th Billings, Montana 59101 Billings, Montana 59101 Billings, Montana 59102

Jim Davis Annette Kunn Diane Pauli 2004 Phoebe Dr 1213 Galway 4235 Zephyr Ln Billings, Montana 59105 Billings, Montana 59105 Billings, Montana 59106

Nancy Cain Michael Enk Mary Sarumi 419 S Jordan Ave PO Box 1408 1416 10th Ave NW Miles City, Montana 59301 Great Falls, Montana 59403 Great Falls, Montana 59404

Susan Hillstrom Ruby Fritschen Rick Kerr 607 3rd Ave SW 1417 10th Ave NW PO Box 1276 Great Falls, Montana 59404 Great Falls, Montana 59404 Choteau, Montana 59422

Betty Jo McCutcheon Dylan Mccoy Sally Lydon PO Box 85 126 NE Roundhouse Loop Rd. 770 Spring Creek Road East Glacier Park, Montana 59434 Lewistown, Montana 59457 Sand Coulee, Montana 59472

Gerard Vandeberg Eva Vincent Becky Tipler 520 7th Ave 1338 Garrison St PO Box 1066 Havre, Montana 59501 Helena, Montana 59601 Boulder, Montana 59632

Norm Doebel Marlene Miller Shari Sutherland 85 Mountain View Trail PO Box 4017 505 So. Iowa White Sulphur Springs, Montana 59645 Butte, Montana 59701 Belgrade, Montana 59714

Jerilyn Lessley Don Bachman Julia Shaida 112N Kennedy St 3910 Sourdough Rd 621 N. Bozeman Avenue Belgrade, Montana 59714 Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59715

Jan Schrammeck Suzy Sterling Gail and John Richardson 5256 Cimmeron Dr 409 Park Place 5263 Cimmeron Drive Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59715

Norman Bishop Patti Steinmuller William Guza 4898 Itana Circle 952 Knolls 1402 Holly Dr Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59715

Betty Stroock Beverly Fowler Mary Mcintosh 1350 Story Mill Road 183 Nostalgia Lane 310 Mineral Ave Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59715 Bozeman, Montana 59718

Sandra McManus Glenn Hockett Jay Moor 27793 Norris Rd 745 Doane Rd. 2400 Durston Road, Unit 27 Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718

Clinton Nagel Tamzin Brown Patricia Simmons 1385 Golden Gate Ave 4496 Monforton School Rd. 357 Pine Creek Drive Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718

Jeremy Aaron Judith Moor Bonnie Lynn 3181 Magenta Rd 2400 Durston Rd. #27 505 So. Yellowstone Ave. Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718

Aida Murga Mark Genito Linda Wallon Haynes 433 Clifden Drive 111 N Yellowstone Avenue 4887 Victory St Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718 Bozeman, Montana 59718

Peter Rinaldi Chelsea Hyde Raymond Shipman PO Box 10084 735 South Atlantic 432 S Pacific Bozeman, Montana 59719 Dillon, Montana 59725 Dillon, Montana 59725

Richard Frazier Karen Laclair Michelle McCarron PO Box 514, 211 E. Washington 6870 Camp Creek Rd PO Box 1495 Manhattan, Montana 59741 Amsterdam, Montana 59741 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758

Josef Gavette Jesse Bolin Susan McClure PO Box 957 PO Box 957 PO Box 622 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758

Chris Hurley Teresa Kurzrock Barbara Rizzo 14365 Hegen Lake Rd PO Box 2038 PO Box 1156 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758

Carolyn Golba Mark Wolf Dagmar Riddle 505 Gallatin Avenue PO Box 957 PO Box 56 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 West Yellowstone, Montana 59758 Whitrhall, Montana 59759

Debbie Boone Kristine Mather Phil Knight 406 E. Legion Ave #9 PO Box 368 PO Box 6151 Whitehall, Montana 59759 Whitehall, Montana 59759 Bozeman, Montana 59771

Steve Kelly Christine Nilsson Taylor Cole PO Box 4641 PO Box 3297 908 Kern St Bozeman, Montana 59772 Bozeman, Montana 59772 Missoula, Montana 59801

Anthony Reed Hishu Wea McGrady Mike Bader 234 S 5th St W 909 Pattee Creek Dr. Apt B 700 Longstaff Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801

Kayte Epperson Eric Leutzinger Krysti Standley 425 S 5th St East #2 193 Stephens Ave Apt B 615 N. Davis St. Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801

Patricia Ames Heath Carey Sarah Margaret Semlitsch 150 N Ave West 319 S 5th St W 1324 South 2nd Street West, Unit A Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801

Christine Ross Chris Standing Rock Frederick Smith 3215 S. Grant St. 2345 Dearborn Ave Apt.#2 620 Marshall Street Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801 Missoula, Montana 59801

Joel Karki Nancy Mills Matthew Nichols 1407 Phillips Street 841 Emma Ct 1404 Toole Ave Apt 5 Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802

Jim Parker Rachel Corley Robin Saha 3700 Rattlesnake Drive, #1 1116 Kennett Ave 14 September Dr. Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802

Jon Bertsche Julie Osborn Zach Lazzari 90 Brookside Way 2502 Sycamore St 1734 Missoula Ave Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59802

Lori Imeson Jan Brocci Michael Williams 2116 Gilbert Ave 2109 42nd Street 2109 42nd St Missoula, Montana 59802 Missoula, Montana 59803 Missoula, Montana 59803

Monica Perezwatkins Jeffrey Smith Carla Abrams 3544 Spurgin 105 Channel Dr PO Box 2365 Missoula, Montana 59804 Missoula, Montana 59804 Missoula, Montana 59806

Jim Coefield Chris Guttenberg Penni Raymond PO Box 4784 PO Box 7913 PO Box 9243 Missoula, Montana 59806 Missoula, Montana 59807 Missoula, Montana 59807

Maegan Rides at the Door Jennifer Walker Kari Gunderson 4744 Sonoma Street 373 Plateau Rd PO Box 1008 Missoula, Montana 59808 Alberton, Montana 59820 Condon, Montana 59826

Abe Fielding Larry Campbell Larry Russell 714 Bailey Lane PO Box 204 110 Como Vista Lane Corvallis, Montana 59828 Darby, Montana 59829 Hamilton, Montana 59840

Billy Angus Michele Dieterich Janet Russell 604 North 2nd Street 2099 Silver Ridge Rd 110 Como Vista Lane Hamilton, Montana 59840 Hamilton, Montana 59840 Hamilton, Montana 59840

Wesley Miles Kara Weir Ian Mcryhew 312 Mill Creek Rd PO Box 957 1607 1st St East Hamilton, Montana 59840 West Yellowstone, Montana 59857 Polson, Montana 59860

Tara Ashmore Angi Hronek Carolyn Hidy PO Box 1126 728 Dry Gulch Rd 18 Moon Shadow Lane Seeley Lake, Montana 59868 Stevensville, Montana 59870 Trout Creek, Montana 59874

Diana Jacobs Ann Sullivan Ron Cottonwood 1665 Red Crow Road 1030 Adrienne Ln 786 East Reserve Drive Victor, Montana 59875 Kalispell, Montana 59901 Kalispell, Montana 59901

Rex Rhodes Amanda Niles Jon Warwick PO Box 1881 PO Box 7995 PO Box 10673, 59904 Kalispell, Montana 59903 Kalispell, Montana 59904 Kalispell, Montana 59904

Ramona Coyote Jeffrey Baril Kathryn Posten PO Box 764 PO Box 1577 3596 Dodge Summit Rd. Bigfork, Montana 59911 Eureka, Montana 59917 Rexford, Montana 59930

Robert Lance Donald Krause Linda Kelly 37 Lupine Dr. 888 Bennington Drive 9805 Hillview Avenue Rexford, Montana 59930 Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014 Fox River Grove, Illinois 60021

Annette Hagerty John Diversey John Hrynkow 906 Il Rt 23 1009 S Prospect 1969 W Windsor Dr Harvard, Illinois 60033 Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 Round Lake, Illinois 60073

Diane and Syd Marcus Edward Resner Sandra Mcgee 4325 W.Davis Street 28929 W. South Ave. 945 Park Ave. Skokie, Illinois 60076 Spring Grove, Illinois 60081 Winthrop Harbor, Illinois 60096

Sandy Jacobsen Andrea Frank Dennis Kreiner 2906 Cherry Valley Rd. 39171 N Bernice Ter 2307 Arrow St Woodstock, Illinois 60098 Beach Park, Illinois 60099 Carpentersville, Illinois 60110

Judy Genandt Joe McCarthy Judy Farber 710 Timothy Ct. 1621 Scott Blvd 864 New Britton Rd. East Dundee, Illinois 60118 Geneva, Illinois 60134 Carol Stream, Illinois 60188

Lana Verplank Jean Hirsch Kathleen Arconti 1420 Hartmann 1610 Lincoln Street 720 Hinman Ave #2E Schaumburg, Illinois 60193 Evanston, Illinois 60201 Evanston, Illinois 60202

Elena Palka Janet Sevilla Rhonda Collins 939 Clinton Avenue 7101 W Pershing Rd 1106 Nicholson St Oak Park, Illinois 60304 Stickney, Illinois 60402 Joliet, Illinois 60435

Thomas Jackson Terri Minnick John Weber 1511Illinois St 38 S Woodland Trl PO Box 794 Lansing, Illinois 60438 Palos Park, Illinois 60464 Park Forest, Illinois 60466

Rhonda Lawford Charles Coddington Diana Gregor 580 Lake St PO Box 220 1250 Monomoy St., Apt. D 6158 Knoll Way Dr. South Wilmington, Illinois 60474 Aurora, Illinois 60506 Willowbrook, Illinois 60527

Judy Merrick Pat Bryan Doris Lein 5528 Ranier Dr. 820 Hitchcock 7725 Ashley Rd. Lisle, Illinois 60532 Lisle, Illinois 60532 Yorkville, Illinois 60560

Elaine Al Meqdad Shirley Watters Catherine Wood 1905 Plainfield Rd. 1527 Queensgreen Ct 914 Sheridan Circle Darien, Illinois 60561 Naperville, Illinois 60563 Naperville, Illinois 60563

Kevin Snyder Brian Riordan Sadia Pattison 345 E Wacker Dr. 547 South Clark Street Apt 805 547 South Clark Street Apt 806 Chicago, Illinois 60601 Chicago, Illinois 60605 Chicago, Illinois 60605

Al Bradley Gloria Picchetti Savannah Hawkins 1055 W. Roosevelt Rd. 3920 N Clark St, Apt 404 2640 N Sheffield Chicago, Illinois 60608 Chicago, Illinois 60613 Chicago, Illinois 60614

George Vallee Artemis Asproyerakas Barbara Baggs 5691 W. Goodman Street 1322 W Ohio St 10931 South Western Apt 101 Chicago, Illinois 60630 Chicago, Illinois 60642 Chicago, Illinois 60643

Mike Rigoli Stephen Constantelos Ben Oscar Andersson 3400 W. 111th St 5902 N Magnolia Ave Apt 1 131 N Clinton Sy Chicago, Illinois 60655 Chicago, Illinois 60660 Chicago, Illinois 60661

Diane Gubrud Michael Downs Teresa Woodruff 23341 Tower 721 Garfield Ave. 1056o N 2200 Ave Byron, Illinois 61010 Rockford, Illinois 61103 Geneseo, Illinois 61254

Vicki Buckrop Beth Wegner Julie Blume 10410 Turkey Hollow Road 714 N 4th Street 120 Oakbrook Dr Taylor Ridge, Illinois 61284 Pekin, Illinois 61554 East Peoria, Illinois 61611

Robert Blume Shreshtha Jain Tom Rice 120 Oakbrook Dr 3113 Squall Way, Bloomington 1500 Maplecrest Drive East Peoria, Illinois 61611 Bloomington, Illinois 61704 Champaign, Illinois 61821

Anna Haun Carole Spencer Chris Migotsky 707 Lawndale Ave 115 E N 3rd St PO Box 602 Tilton, Illinois 61833 Georgetown, Illinois 61846 Mahomet, Illinois 61853

Melanie Butler Christine Favilla Linda Imel 526 Maple Ave 6116 High Meadow Dr. 17094 Apache Dr. Paris, Illinois 61944 Godfrey, Illinois 62035 Jerseyville, Illinois 62052

Doreen Forbes Carolyn Massey Edward Garver 1616 Troon Hollow 632 1/2 North 6th 1207 Ravina Park Rd Ofallon, Illinois 62269 Quincy, Illinois 62301 Decatur, Illinois 62526

Betty Scheldt Ricky Lanham Connie Burris 939 North High Street 124 Windsor Road 2125 Catalina Lane Carlinville, Illinois 62626 Springfield, Illinois 62702 Springfield, Illinois 62702

Stephanie Perry Molly Shevlin Steve Clough 420 S. Central St. 221 S. 3rd St. #107 972 Chestnut Ridge Road Benton, Illinois 62812 De Soto, Missouri 63020 Manchester, Missouri 63021

Laura Wright Miki Krenelka Gynette Cathey 5714 Walsh St 10157 Jett Drive 509 Lincoln St St Louis, Missouri 63109 Saint Louis, Missouri 63136 Elsberry, Missouri 63343

Gloria Straube Karen Rudert Tina Browne 5 Briarwood Dr 415 Dowling Drive 1218 S Home Ave Hannibal, Missouri 63401 Perryville, Missouri 63775 Independence, Missouri 64052

Anthony Donnici Roger Napue Cliff Wilkinson 118B N Conistor Ln # 292 7209 Chestnut Avenue 7409 E 86TH St Liberty, Missouri 64068 Kansas City, Missouri 64132 Kansas City, Missouri 64138

Darcie Henegar Malissa Peacock Christine Wilson PO Box 1132 3714 Berrywood Dr 1000 Yale Lake Ozark, Missouri 65049 Columbia, Missouri 65201 Columbia, Missouri 65203

Dan Hale Linda Stoffel Carol Nelson 3939 Felicity Lane 207 Trinity Lane 27111 Hickory Dr. Columbia, Missouri 65203 Dora, Missouri 65637 Eagle Rock, Missouri 65641

Linda Brunner Trisha Damron Vicky Trumbly 12335 South 2225 Road PO Box 115 1010 Industrial Park 13c Stockton, Missouri 65785 Hillsdale, Kansas 66036 Paola, Kansas 66071

William Tracy Lauren Lindsey William Kenny 13016 Canterbury Rd 3101 W. 121st St. 8465 Shady Bend Rd Leawood, Kansas 66209 Leawood, Kansas 66209 Lenexa, Kansas 66227

Carol Bischoff Celia Daniels Marsha King 12 24 Main Street 1521 College Ave. 2525 SW Belle Ave Junction City, Kansas 66441 Topeka, Kansas 66604 Topeka, Kansas 66614

Yvonne Scott Brad Miller Jan Revard 206 New York 316 S Madison Brookdale Rd Humboldt, Kansas 66748 Anthony, Kansas 67003 Augusta, Kansas 67010

Victoria Banaszak Pamela Moreno Chris Stark 1259 N Buckner St.Apt. 203 1515 Elizabeth Avenue 720 South Hiram Derby, Kansas 67037 Winfield, Kansas 67156 Wichita, Kansas 67213

Chas Garrick Rice Carol Smith Michael Kuhns 1001 Center Street 12123 N 159TH St 249 W. Jackson Garden City, Kansas 67846 Bennington, Nebraska 68007 Fremont, Nebraska 68025

Tom Kircher Mary Franck Marci Baker 11713 S. 111th St. 1721 N. 61st Street 5136 Seward St Papillion, Nebraska 68046 Omaha, Nebraska 68104 Omaha, Nebraska 68104

Jack Martinez Barbara Hampton Kelly Wurzer 5166 Jones Street 842 H St 2245 S 9th St Omaha, Nebraska 68106 Pawnee City, Nebraska 68420 Lincoln, Nebraska 68502

Karen Lehmann Sandi Aden Dean Shamblen 4831 S 72nd St 1621 Old Glory Road 1108 Dixon St Lincoln, Nebraska 68516 Lincoln, Nebraska 68521 Emerson, Nebraska 68733

Valerie Bear Natalie Van Leekwijck Jasont Trimble 325 Third Street 400 Munn Street 63 Avenue 10 Meadow Grove, Nebraska 68752 Hazard, Nebraska 68844 Stapleton, Nebraska 69163

Colleen Brennan Michael Mitchell Norbert Mallik 802 West 10th Street PO Box 102 Blessemerstr. 34 Chadron, Nebraska 69337 Lyman, Nebraska 69352 Chadron, Nebraska 69937

Vivian Farmer Sudeshna Ghosh Pinckney Wood 328 Elmwood Dr. 3501 Jefferson Hwy 6759 General Haig St. Laplace, Louisiana 70068 Jefferson, Louisiana 70121 New Orleans, Louisiana 70124

Rosanne Tarantolo Piper Burch Donnette Lafleur 5024 S. Johnson St. 404 Fremaux Ave 212 Bucko Ln New Orleans, Louisiana 70125 Slidell, Louisiana 70458 Sunset, Louisiana 70584

Mike Farris Mary Hill Ricky Barrientos 607 Garland Rd., 607 Garland Rd. 125 Orchard St Bryant, Arkansas 72022 Natchitoches, Louisiana 71457 Hot Springs, Arkansas 71913

Allen Willyerd Darrell McGlothlin Dennis Wolff 240 Bird Creek Rd 20352 Cedar Bluff Rd. Wc. 373 590 S. Main St. Sidney, Arkansas 72577 Fayetteville, Arkansas 72703 Cave Springs, Arkansas 72718

Irene Huskisson George Joseph Tim Noland 3407 Peggy St. 1025 Mill St. 522 E. Velma St. Springdale, Arkansas 72764 Springdale, Arkansas 72764 Springdale, Arkansas 72764

Lynell Withers Kevin Kimbrough Kathleen Robertson 2108 E 15th St 2218 South Q Street 40071 Cs 2720 Russellville, Arkansas 72802 Fort Smith, Arkansas 72901 Cement, Oklahoma 73017

Jamilyn Pride Lydia Garvey Leslene Dunn 4804 Wilcox Ln 429 S 24th St Clarendon Crescent Yukon, Oklahoma 73099 Clinton, Oklahoma 73601 Cape Town, Oklahoma 74051

Philomena Hollingsworth Scott Troy Rebecca Oberlin 16427 N. Deer Meadow Rd. 406 S. Boulder, Suite 405 6513 S Waco Ave Skiatook, Oklahoma 74070 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74103 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74132

Mike Kiser Carey Mayfield Brian Wheat 30256 E 150th St. S #2 905 W. Fox Street 215 Hunter Coweta, Oklahoma 74429 Tahlequah, Oklahoma 74464 Caddo, Oklahoma 74729

Patty Trammell Patrice Darden Lori Morgan 206 W Tennyson Avenue 2705 Ridgeview 2005 S. Great SW Pkwy Tecumseh, Oklahoma 74873 Garland, Texas 75044 Grand Prairie, Texas 75051

Lorelei Stierlen Robert Watson Randy Thomas 2144 Ironside Drive 3501 Marwick Dr. 304 Dover Dr. Plano, Texas 75075 Plano, Texas 75075 Richardson, Texas 75080

Annette Lambert Deborah Brown Nikki Craft 9015 NE CR2140 8039 Westover Dr 9630 Baseline Kerens, Texas 75144 Dallas, Texas 75231 Dallas, Texas 75244

Micah Price Donita Lowrey Spring Stracener 105 College St 1125 35th Street NE 6568 Fm 2263 Anna, Texas 75409 Paris, Texas 75462 Gilmer, Texas 75644

Cheryl Ananda Joan Milford Juanita Romero 911 Sterling Ln. 7015 Hudson Cemetery 1223 Elaine Pl Crowley, Texas 76036 Mansfield, Texas 76063 Fort Worth, Texas 76106

Donna Rich Terri Mason Christi Brown 3145 Jane Lane 4854 Flat Creek Dr 7201 Timberidge Drive Haltom City, Texas 76117 Fort Worth, Texas 76179 North Richland Hilss, Texas 76182

Jimmy Alexander Debbie Hetherington Pamela Miller PO Box 217, 404 North Elm 654 County Road 283 6230 Thomas Ct Holliday, Texas 76366 Stephenville, Texas 76401 Tolar, Texas 76476

Meyer Tonya Bettyl Oliver Robert Slade 1874 190 Lane Hwy 36 210 W Avenue C Belton, Texas 76513 Cameron, Texas 76520 Copperas Cove, Texas 76522

Harold Ream Miriam Riskind John Simpson 201 Lowrie Ave, Lowrie Ave 910 West 15-1/2 Street 4515 Bryn Mawr Lane San Angelo, Texas 76905 Houston, Texas 77008 Houston, Texas 77027

Diana Monnich Rebecca Garcia Laura Fain 1(909Jersey Dr 1803 Maux PO Box 22169 Houston, Texas 77040 Houston, Texas 77043 Houston, Texas 77227

Judy Nolan JD Jackson Gretchen Edmiston 2117 North 1st St. 12215 Arcturus 22137 Dogwood, Dr Conroe, Texas 77301 Willis, Texas 77318 New Caney, Texas 77357

David Talleagle M Kohn Penny Duncan 17110 Fire House Rd 1530 Seneca Trail 2710 Colonel Court Drive Conroe, Texas 77385 Hapsburg, Texas 77396 Richmond, Texas 77406

Carole Menninger Rick Morales Hannelore Kennedy 1063 Red Rock Canyon 6707 Waterlily View Lane 8426 Bee Meadow Katy, Texas 77450 Richmond, Texas 77469 Missouri City, Texas 77489

Edgar Locklear Rose Gennusa David Matheson 200 Alva St 198 Loch Lomond Drive 4209 Mesquite Willow Ln Baytown, Texas 77520 League City, Texas 77573 Rosharon, Texas 77583

Terrie Williams Melissa Snow Mimi McMillen 850 Laura Lane 149 Oak Acres Lane 1621 Indian Creek Loop Vidor, Texas 77662 San Antonio, Texas 78006 Kerrville, Texas 78028

Cearth Faire F A Carroll Jr Stan Miele 688 Canyon Springs 510 Wagon Wheel Dr. 7439 Brandyridge Canyon Lake, Texas 78133 Canyon Lake, Texas 78133 San Antonio, Texas 78250

Victoria Mathew Atlantis Johnson Maria Gomez 431 Calm Springs PO Box 10154 1819 Lauren Ln San Antonio, Texas 78260 Corpus Christi, Texas 78460 Mission, Texas 78572

Debra Atlas Gina Obrien Eleanor July 1413 W. 6th St 202 Jennifer Lane 112 Lantana Dr Weslaco, Texas 78596 Bastrop, Texas 78602 Georgetown, Texas 78633

Donna Hull Tanya Kasper Gary Kasper 19018 Venture Drive 971 Taylor Ranch Rd 971 Taylor Ranch Rd Lago Vista, Texas 78645 Wimberley, Texas 78676 Wimberley, Texas 78676

Rob Maca Geneva Johnson Nadine Vergilia 6004 Mt Bonnell 302 Westlake Dr. 6205 Quail Hollow Austin, Texas 78731 West Lake Hills, Texas 78746 Austin, Texas 78750

Horace Smith Celeste Stanton Mark Blandford 6208 Quail Hollow 927 Peggotty Plaace 2800 Randy St Austin, Texas 78750 Austin, Texas 78753 Amarillo, Texas 79124

Ted Williams Joy Bucy Pat Lovell 307 14th Street, P.O. Box 507 3105 Pakridge Ave, Apt 2112 5707 State Hwy 70 Ralls, Texas 79357 Lubbock, Texas 79407 Sweetwater, Texas 79556

Gregory Lawson Carol Stevenson Scott Waters 299 King's Point, Apt. 82 6337 Monarch Dr 5325 Hoyt St El Paso, Texas 79912 El Paso, Texas 79912 Arvada, Colorado 80002

Michiele Jones Jennifer Fosteradams Daniel Page 6088 Balsam Street 6061 Robb St 13457 W 84th Drive Arvada, Colorado 80004 Arvada, Colorado 80004 Arvada, Colorado 80005

Nancy Baum Angie Unruh David Friend 3623 S. Richfield Circle 1925 S. Vaughn Way 16923 E Whitaker Dr, Unit I Aurora, Colorado 80013 Aurora, Colorado 80014 Aurora, Colorado 80015

Kyle Gardner Richard Spratley Tyler Scholl 230 Agate Way 12548 Forest View 7971 Uptown Ave Unit 202 Broomfield, Colorado 80020 Broomfield, Colorado 80020 Broomfield, Colorado 80021

Jackie Cassidy Kristin McLean Sita Brandon 1050A Milo Circle 3513 Nyland Way 402 East Emma Street Lafayette, Colorado 80026 Lafayette, Colorado 80026 Lafayette, Colorado 80026

Erik Hauge Linda Armantrout Madelaine Devan 323 S Hoover Ave 443 East Raintree Act. 3304 Zephyr Ct. Louisville, Colorado 80027 Louisville, Colorado 80027 Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033

Amy Greenberg Leslie Peretsky Heather Brandhorst 5441 Spruce Avenue 3666 S Acoma St #201 6500 S. Dayton St. AptB202 Castle Rock, Colorado 80104 Englewood, Colorado 80110 Centennial, Colorado 80111

Colton Barnhart Nancy Allis Tammy Brandhorst 6500 S. Dayton St. AptB202 7940 S Monaco Ct Englewood, Colorado 80113 Centennial, Colorado 80111 Centennial, Colorado 80112

Stacey Larson Nathan Crow Deanna Meyer 10745 Manor Stone Drive 16339 E Hollow Horn Ave PO Box 497 Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126 Parker, Colorado 80134 Sedalia, Colorado 80135

Kathryn Rose Bruce Hayden Michael Brohman 2749 N Lafayette St. 2920 W 32nd Ave Apt 307 3429 Shoshone St. Denver, Colorado 80205 Denver, Colorado 80211 Denver, Colorado 80211

Kathy Hamilton Karen Robertson Nancy Brown 4209 Perry St. 1690 S Stuart St 2360 S. Knox Ct. Denver, Colorado 80212 Denver, Colorado 80219 Denver, Colorado 80219

Murlin Goeken Mary Hunt Paola De Fanis 1700 S Filbert Ct Fox St Fox St Denver, Colorado 80222 Denver, Colorado 80223 Colorado, Colorado 80223

Peggy Wellman Andrew Wright Glenn Rosner 427 Wright St #101 10555 W. Jewell Ave 11450 Community Center Dr #811 Lakewood, Colorado 80228 Lakewood, Colorado 80232 Northglenn, Colorado 80233

Carmen Mccollum Mary Wilson Gail Bell 3550 S. Kendall, #2-205 12349 Monroe Dr 19523 E 54th Ave. Denver, Colorado 80235 Thornton, Colorado 80241 Denver, Colorado 80249

Brett Ochs Suzanne Westgaard Alice and Karel Starek 5900 Gunbarrel Avenue, Unit E 5978 Scotswood Court 3375 N. 75TH St Boulder, Colorado 80301 Boulder, Colorado 80301 Boulder, Colorado 80301

Maggie Schafer Lisa Goodrich Molly Melamed 4371 Pali Way 2098 23rd St 15344 Gold Hill Rd. Boulder, Colorado 80301 Boulder, Colorado 80302 Boulder, Colorado 80302

Heather Anthony Leanne Lestak Steven Kless 7850 Fourmile Canyon Dr 4790 Shawnee Place 3250 Arrowwood Ln Boulder, Colorado 80302 Boulder, Colorado 80303 Boulder, Colorado 80303

Frederica Acora Jane Ray Elizabeth Gillingham 1605 Upland Ave 4500 19th Street #381 3775 Martin Dr Bouler, Colorado 80304 Boulder, Colorado 80304 Boulder, Colorado 80305

Mira Hatland Susan Peters Cheryl Kenady PO Box 1247 13990 Crabapple 11 West 1st Street Pob 125 Boulder, Colorado 80306 Golden, Colorado 80401 Alma, Colorado 80420

Paul Schutt Ed Ryberg Robin Chriss PO Box 9536 6363 Prairie Ln Blue Creek Trail Breckenridge, Colorado 80424 Evergreen, Colorado 80439 Evergreen, Colorado 80439

Anne Lauder Robert Hull Karen Zupko 9194 Armadillo Trl PO Box 132 50 Cemetery Rd. Evergreen, Colorado 80439 Grand Lake, Colorado 80447 Jamestown, Colorado 80455

Lise Friis Emilie Upczak Laura Brown PO Box 3379 3227 Ridge Road PO Box 386 Nederland, Colorado 80466 Nederland, Colorado 80466 Nederland, Colorado 80466

Tasha Zaharako Kacey Milwicz Jeane Woods 170 Forsythe Rd. PO Box 182 PO Box 1498 Nederland, Colorado 80466 Nederland, Colorado 80466 Nederland, Colorado 80466

Jackie Dow Leaf Runningrabbit Judith Jones 741 Ranch Rd 174 Spring Gulch Rd. 1625 Mid Valley Drive Ward, Colorado 80481 Ward, Colorado 80481 Steamboat Springs, Colorado 80487

Justin Matthews Rudi Beach Shannon Van Scotter Otter Creek Rd 813 Vivian St 354 Grant St. Silverthorne, Colorado 80498 Longmont, Colorado 80501 Longmont, Colorado 80501

Hazel McCoy Brynn Schmidt Robbyn Huddleston 1040 Gay St 6523 Bluebird Ave 2770 Copper Peak Lane Apt G207 Longmont, Colorado 80501 Longmont, Colorado 80503 Longmont, Colorado 80504

Susan Sommers Jon Gustafson Kathleen Kubinak 1418 Galilee Lane 1418 Galilee Lane 227 Snow Top Dr. Longmont, Colorado 80504 Longmont, Colorado 80504 Drake, Colorado 80515

Deborah Hawley Christi Brockway Erik Kuitert 710 City Park Ave., E535 3732 Mead Street 8205 Hallett Court Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 Fort Collins, Colorado 80528

Joe Pekara Krisztina Gayler Clay Uptain 5361 Moonlight Bay Dr PO Box 161 1805 West 10th Street Windsor, Colorado 80528 Livermore, Colorado 80536 Loveland, Colorado 80537

Pat Obrien Mary Cook Abraham Ramirez 230 Monroe Ave, Apt 110 8632 East 148th Lane PO Box 497 Loveland, Colorado 80537 Thornton, Colorado 80602 Fort Lupton, Colorado 80621

Allan Bunger Laura Melcher Danny Van Duzer 411 Columbine Rd 6895 Red Deer Pt. Apt.101 14 West Bijou Street Florissant, Colorado 80816 Fountain, Colorado 80817 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903

Dolores Heath Dorothy Chamberlin Mary Godbee 1309 N 31st St 2010 Parkview Blvd 4239 College View Dr Coloradosprings, Colorado 80904 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80905 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906

Mark Squire Nicole Shaffer Kent Lobato 320, Cheshire Ct 4377 Teeter Totter Circle 5167 Weaver Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80917 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80922

Fred Gibson Michael Hayes Vallee Rose 6830 Dream Weaver Dr 2101 W.17th Street 887 South Cellini Bay Colorado Springs, Colorado 80923 Pueblo, Colorado 81003 Pueblo West, Colorado 81007

Paula Ozzello Barbara Maat Thomas Johnston 618 East Godding Avenue PO Box 704 578 Sparrow Cr. Trinidad, Colorado 81082 Crestone, Colorado 81131 Pagosa Springs, Colorado 81147

Sherri Wright Larry Kimball Barbara Magnuson 600 Raintree, Lot 104 1467 Red Feather Rd 1467 Red Feather Rd Canon City, Colorado 81212 Cotopaxi, Colorado 81223 Cotopaxi, Colorado 81223

Rose Chilcoat Florence Gaia Susan Uhl 2914 Junction St 190 Spruce Dr. 135 Toad Road Durango, Colorado 81301 Durango, Colorado 81301 Durango, Colorado 81301

Kim Ten Eyck Karen Butler Hartley Bloomfield 845 Cr 213 12366 Road 21 383 S Hillcrest Dr #24 Durango, Colorado 81303 Cortez, Colorado 81321 Montrose, Colorado 81401

Elizabeth Quist Abigail Lang Nancy Cota 1 No Mail Allowed 227 Marie St 2866 C. Rd. Hotchkiss, Colorado 81419 Ridgway, Colorado 81432 Grand Junction, Colorado 81503

Delia Malone Theresa Berrien Robert Laybourn 0111 Mountain Lion Way PO Box 1614 4109 E Pershing Apt. B106 Redstone, Colorado 81623 Hayden, Colorado 81639 Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001

Robert Ferrara Bailey Currah Brian Baxter 841 East Carlson St 818 Ivinson Ave Apt 6 371 W. Gibbon Cheyenne, Wyoming 82009 Laramie, Wyoming 82070 Laramie, Wyoming 82072

Elena Torphy Shauna Potts Suzanne Hollingsworth 1000 Grant Village PO Box 551 32 Road 6bu Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Baain, Wyoming 82410 Cody, Wyoming 82414 82190

Rebecca Weed Brenda Kunkle Linnea Haun 625 Circle Dr. W 316 1st Ave N 1308 Lane 10 Cody, Wyoming 82414 Greybull, Wyoming 82426 Powell, Wyoming 82435

Sandy Sisti Nancy Debevoise Sandra Materi PO Box 305 441 Parks St 1600 W. Odell Wapiti, Wyoming 82450 Lander, Wyoming 82520 Casper, Wyoming 82604

Martie Crone Gwen Brown Trenton Remily 3810 Woodglenn Pl 1651 S Nebraska Ave 74 Davis Tee Casper, Wyoming 82609 Casper, Wyoming 82609 Sheridan, Wyoming 82801

Jackie Canterbury Tina Hart David Mead PO Box 597, 459 Hy 335 555 Trabing Road 825 Stephens St. Big Horn, Wyoming 82833 Buffalo, Wyoming 82834 Green River, Wyoming 82915

David Wilkinson Roger Hayden Dawn Rehill PO Box 1518 PO Box 319 PO Box 11567 Jackson, Wyoming 83001 Jackson, Wyoming 83001 Jackson, Wyoming 83002

Marla Bosworth Debra Patla Linnea Gardner PO Box 13811 PO Box 420 PO Box 1683 Jackson, Wyoming 83002 Moran, Wyoming 83013 Wilson, Wyoming 83014

Jon Drake Sandra Noffsinger Nathaniel Frantz PO Box 376 392 N Main 1458 Los Altos Way Freedom, Wyoming 83120 Thayne, Wyoming 83127 Pocatello, Idaho 83201

Madison Hanousek Janine Covert Sandi Warner 1417 South 2nd Avenue 15109 Futurity 716 Lake West Blvd Pocatelo, Idaho 83201 Pocatello, Idaho 83202 Fish Haven, Idaho 83287

Jay Depew Josh Hawkes Shawna Knox 622 Cedar Brook Drive PO Box 2017 3768 e 109 n Twin Falls, Idaho 83301 Hailey, Idaho 83333 Idaho falls, Idaho 83401

John Idema Mackey Migel Chris Mahoney 1056 W 81st S 1425 N. Liberty St, #7 943 Match Point Drive Idaho Falls, Idaho 83402 Boise, Idaho 83404 Ammon, Idaho 83406

Kristina Parks Randy Brady Mary Williams 5479 E. Sagewood Dr. PO Box 8 PO Box 1412 Idaho Falls, Idaho 83406 Chester, Idaho 83421 Driggs, Idaho 83422

Matt Collett Max Gorski Scott Babbitt PO Box 626 185 Opal Ave. General Delivery Driggs, Idaho 83422 Driggs, Idaho 83422 Driggs, Idaho 83422

Caroline Gerlach Kim Carlson Jacob Haeberle PO Box 794 PO Box 1017 635 E 4th N Driggs, Idaho 83422 Driggs, Idaho 83422 St Anthony, Idaho 83445

William Knox Brian Creek Chris Gallagher PO Box 115 4664 South Fox Creek Village Drive PO Box 316 Ucon, Idaho 83454 Victor, Idaho 83455 Victor, Idaho 83455

Joe Nacke James Holt Lesley Messer 1206 10th St. PO Box 107 1140 Harmony Heights Loop Lewiston, Illinois 83501 Lapwai, Idaho 83540 Orofino, Idaho 83544

Connie Chambers Barbara Moritsch Kelly Lebard 521 W Floating Feather Rd 3380 N Saddleman Place PO Box 908 Eagle, Idaho 83616 Eagle, Idaho 83616 Eagle, Idaho 83616

Judith Cole Gene Cole Wanda Phelps 11775 Lower Bench Rd 11775 Lower Bench Rd 750 Castle Rock Place Emmett, Idaho 83617 Emmett, Idaho 83617 Middleton, Idaho 83644

Constance Kiesel Douglas Smith Jeff Staley 175 E 12 N #D103 847 Hwy 95 2615 N. 24th Street Mountain Home, Idaho 83647 Weiser, Idaho 83672 Boise, Idaho 83702

Susan Bordeaux Meredith Swassing La Johnston 2518 W Davis Street 1702 N 10th 1901 Brumback St Boise, Idaho 83702 Boise, Idaho 83702 Boise, Idaho 83702

Cynthia Gardner Ambrose Richardson Helena Kazandjian 7822 W Westover Dr. 1726 Abbs 521 E Parkcenter Blvd Boise, Idaho 83704 Boise, Idaho 83705 Boise, Idaho 83706

Josephine Halfhide Doug Harness Connie J Cunningham 841 E Pennsylvania Dr. 2635 E Parkriver Dr 6910 W Brentwood Drive Boise, Idaho 83706 Boise, Idaho 83706 Boise, Idaho 83709

Julie Lafferty Michelle Taylor Jennifer Taylor 11826 W Alfred St High Street Boise Boise, Idaho 83713 Boise, Idaho 83725 Boise, Idaho 83725

Robert Carroll Lisa Dickinson Tom Reese PO Box 408 2501 E Sherman, Apt 40 2900 Government Way Cocolalla, Idaho 83813 Coeur D Alene, Idaho 83814 Cda, Idaho 83815

Randy Palmer Sharon Burdick River Burdick 9170 N. Clarkview Pl PO Box 61 PO Box 61 Hayden, Idaho 83835 Kootenai, Idaho 83840 Kootenai, Idaho 83840

Pat Rathmann Dianne French Jacquelyn Vorhees 219 N. Lieuallen St 202 E 7th St 405 S. Hayes Street Moscow, Idaho 83843 Moscow, Idaho 83843 Moscow, Idaho 83843

Celeste Kassler Jeff Jordan Harmony Nelson 913 West Palouse River Drive PO Boxi 88 415 N Megan St Moscow, Idaho 83843 Plummer, Idaho 83851 Post Falls, Idaho 83854

Lisa Daniel Dianne James Jeff Haddon 2534 Partridge Loop 75306 Hwy 3 S 1088 W 1175 N Post Falls, Idaho 83854 St Maries, Idaho 83861 Clinton, Utah 84015

Sheryl Street Will Falk Megan Staten PO Box 268 371 N 200 E 1382 North 1900 West Dutch John, Utah 84023 Heber City, Utah 84032 Lehi, Utah 84043

Daidre Arthur Marc Bullock Izabela Matej 881 S. 160 E. 3727 W Valleywest Drive 1263 Grayson Ct Vernal, Utah 84078 West Jordan, Utah 84088 Sandy, Utah 84094

Doc Livingston Bob Brister Sylvia Ruth Gray 11198 South Summer Heights Dr. 220 S Elizabeth St #12 315 E 1ST Ave South Jordan, Utah 84095 Salt Lake City, Utah 84102 Salt Lake City, Utah 84103

Angelika Pfutzner Kathryn Albury Dominique Lang 835 6th Ave 1411 Utah St # 17 2150B Traverse D'orange Salt Lake City, Utah 84103 Salt Lake City, Utah 84107 Vaison La Romaine, Utah 84110

Deborah Reeves Grant Wilson Paul Sandlian 341 N 900 W 3918 Elaine Drive 86 N Highland Blvd Salt Lake City, Utah 84116 West Valley City, Utah 84120 Brigham City, Utah 84302

Wendy Pierson Daniel Carolan Clint Carney 180 N Main St 158 S 400 E Bsmt 2547 N 300 E Lewiston, Utah 84320 Logan, Utah 84321 North Logan, Utah 84341

Robin Earl Catherine Leathers Shirley Boyce 12555 Bingham Dr. 2904 Rimrock Road PO Box 287 Tremonton, Utah 84347 Moab, Utah 84532 Meadow, Utah 84644

Colleen McMullen Luci Francis Terry Tedesco 6074 Antelope Trail PO Box 630156 3042 E. Squaw Peak Circle Kanab, Utah 84741 Rockville, Utah 84763 Phoenix, Arizona 85016

Karyn Miller Carol Meere Diane Kent 6129 N 31st Ave 1129 E. Village Circle Dr. S. 4123 E Blanche Dr Phoenix, Arizona 85017 Phoenix, Arizona 85022 Phoenix, Arizona 85032

Dianne Douglas Christine Burkhart Forrest Hunter 2723 East Valencia Drive 6594 W. Sandpiper Ct 42448 W Sussex Rd Phoenix, Arizona 85042 Florence, Arizona 85132 Maricopa, Arizona 85138

Silvia Steinhilber Carrolle Jaques Dr John Williamson 300 S Val Vista 7701 E Minton Pl 228 E 5th Ave Mesa, Arizona 85204 Mesa, Arizona 85207 Mesa, Arizona 85210

Sue Mcguey Cheryl McAllister Robert Kuhnert 6202 Mckellips Rd. E. 680 W Princeton Ave 2935 N 68th St #228 Mesa, Arizona 85215 Gilbert, Arizona 85233 Scottsdale, Arizona 85251

David Dodson Lottie Connolly April Schultz 8309 E. Highland Ave. 6599 E Thomas Rd Apt 1009 16600 N. Thompson Peak Pkwy #1023 Scottsdale, Arizona 85251 Scottsdale, Arizona 85251 Scottsdale, Arizona 85260

Rhonda Hogan Linda Corbin Cinzia Amiconi 3561 E. Geronimo Court 4814 W Glenn Dr 42202 N. Tonto Rd Gilbert, Arizona 85295 Glendale, Arizona 85301 Cave Creek, Arizona 85331

Sonja S Cheryl Green Patricia Calascibett 28248 N. Tatum Blvd. 8227 W. Leyva Ln 13825 , N Kaanapali Dr Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 Peoria, Arizona 85345 Sun City, Arizona 85351

Gail Potts Virginia Murphy Skip Daum 13727 W Ballad Dr 14972 West Bloomfield Rd 30815 N 167th Dr Sun City West, Arizona 85375 Surprise, Arizona 85379 Surprise, Arizona 85387

Rita Guidi Anna Brewer Mickey Brewer 560 Penn Lane, #214 PO Box 331 PO Box 331 Wickenburg, Arizona 85390 Phoenix, Arizona 85610 Phoenix, Arizona 85610

Melanie Henderson Ray Goodwin Leif Abrell 3349 Eagle Ridge Dr. 2783 S Desert Hawk Pl 3136 E Waverly St Sierra Vista, Arizona 85650 Tucson, Arizona 85713 Tucson, Arizona 85716

Rebecca Kirk Shawn Jackson Arofan Gregory 2300 N Chrysler 4623 E. Shastan Way 4500 East Sunrise Drive Tucson, Arizona 85716 Tucson, Arizona 85718 Tucson, Arizona 85718

Kathleen Coffman Ann Mond Dona Laschiava 37577 S Skyline Dr HC 3 Box 1014, 49795 E. Mifflin Road 4511 W. Rockwood Drive Tucson, Arizona 85739 Tucson, Arizona 85739 Tucson, Arizona 85741

Wendy Lheron Katie Gannon Sandra Hicks 4870 W Ferret Drive 3970 W New York Drive 2365 W. Wagon Wheel Dr. Unit B Tucson, Arizona 85742 Tucson, Arizona 85745 Tucson, Arizona 85745

Roger Barthelson Kathy Snook Leland Yazzie 1770 N Lone Ridge Pl 7754 S Fast Horse Rd PO Box 1042 Tucson, Arizona 85745 Tucson, Arizona 85756 Tuba City, Arizona 86045

Jana Austin Bill Rejebian Joseph Mancino 1820 N Jade Circle 1638 Mcqueen Crescent PO Box 10833 Prescott, Arizona 86301 Prescott, Arizona 86303 Prescott, Arizona 86304

Vernon R Cullum Sharon Bonini Jill Kyriakopulos 2751 N Prescott East Hwy PO Box 1253 150 Palo Verde Cir Prescott Valley, Arizona 86314 Sedona, Arizona 86336 Sedona, Arizona 86361

Shaun Goodwin Catherine Ritlaw William Snodgrass 4041 Silver Clipper Lane 3085 E Prairie Hill Rd 8490 S Highway 95, Suite 105 Lake Havasu City, Arizona 86406 Kingman, Arizona 86409 Mohave Valley, Arizona 86440

Priscilla Jansen Lynne Pomeranz Roberts Rene Kay HC 66 Box 653 PO Box 2760 PO Box 984 Mountainair, New Mexico 87036 Corrales, New Mexico 87048 Tijeras, New Mexico 87059

Joyce Lewis Lorien House Katherine Clarke PO Box 1797 44 Covey Ct 122 Girard Blvd. SE Tijeras, New Mexico 87059 Tijeras, New Mexico 87059 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106

Jennifer Clark Joanne Popp Kaisa Lappalainen 423 Truman Street NE Apt C 412 Alvarado St., SE 509 Valverde Dr SE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108

Teresa Hammond Melanie Evaldi Helen Abraham 6725 San Luis Obispo Avenue NE 5328 Montgomery Blvd. 1829 Alvarado Drive NE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110

Brenda Tyrrell Angela Buckley Tiffany Nicol 9014 Fairbanks Rd NE 6124 Shadow Ridge Dr NW 1002 36th St SE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87112 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87120 Rio Rancho, New Mexico 87124

James and Janet Mura Nancy Henry Laurie Hammer 1708 20th Ave. SE PO Box 56644 PO Box 66753 Rio Rancho, New Mexico 87124 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87187 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87193

Vonda Chavez Joan Earnshaw Mary Lauritano PO Box 329 PO Box 573 938 Old Taos Highway Thoreau, New Mexico 87323 Flora Vista, New Mexico 87415 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501

Mimi Forsyth Maureen Chase Bill Stern PO Box 24138 1500 Pacheco St., #121 1712 Espinacitas Santa Fe, New Mexico 87502 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

Kitty Farmer Yvette Tapp April Jouse 965 Camino Anasazi 1255 Avenida Morelia Unit 204 92C County Road 84D Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506

Bruce Donnell Rita Gentry Kathryn Brooks 11 Camino Crosby 3466 Cerrillos Rd., #B1 1400 Paseo Norteno Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87507 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87507

Sandra Jackson Gary Cascio Craig Hansen 4 Antigua Rd 22 Mimosa Road 5 Frasco Way Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508

Marc Bedner Jerry Black Jennifer Goyete 1 Caliente Pl 8 Vista Grande Dr PO Box 66 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508 Dixon, New Mexico 87527

Nicole Allison Jacob Ireland Jeanne Hooverkitzman 508 Calle Alamo PO Box 1680 66 Vista Del Ocaso Rd Espanola, New Mexico 87532 Ranchos De Taos, New Mexico 87557 Ranchos De Taos, New Mexico 87557

Clem Wilkes Daniel Burval Rebecca Vitale Mandich PO Box 787, PO Box 1962 174 Tesuue Village Rd Unit 460 Ribera, New Mexico 87560 Santa Cruz, New Mexico 87567 Tesuque, New Mexico 87574

Sherry Lewis Pam Eastwood Miep Obrien PO Box 31331 1712 Sequoia Ave. PO Box 673 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87594 Las Cruces, New Mexico 88005 Carlsbad, New Mexico 88221

Carol Hale Norma Hurt Dixie Holbrook 725 Moonstone Ave 1124 Hollowbluff Ave PO Box 5593 Sandy Valley, Nevada 89019 N Las Vegas, Nevada 89031 Pahrump, Nevada 89041

Charlene Boydston Barbara Scott Carolyn Wright 3951 W Donner St 1400 S. Valley View 1830 N. Buffalo Drive Pahrump, Nevada 89048 Las Vegas, Nevada 89102 Las Vegas, Nevada 89128

Dona Fong Clarence McCarthy Gregory Felton 8720 Willow Cabin Street 1708 Berkshire Drive PO Box 2130 Las Vegas, Nevada 89131 Sparks, Nevada 89434 Stateline, Nevada 89449

Doug Grant Pablo Ortega Fred Wreath PO Box 3131 954 Garen St. 11945 Deodar Wy. Inclinevillage, Nevada 89450 Incline Village, Nevada 89451 Reno, Nevada 89506

Paul Hurtado Julie Dudley John Snatic 1765 Marla Dr 664 Ironwood Rd. 15245 Timberline Dr Reno, Nevada 89509 Reno, Nevada 89510 Reno, Nevada 89511

Mary Lahren Sylvia Leyba Connie Jacobs 15215 Timber Crest Trail 10760 Ridgebrooke Drive 502 Ashcroft Drive Reno, Nevada 89511 Reno, Nevada 89521 Spring Creek, Nevada 89815

Elizabeth Baker Addison Brown Amy Aschenbrenner 4121 Wilshire Blvd 420 S. San Pedro Street, #209 1055 W. 7th Street, #3000 Los Angeles, California 90010 Los Angeles, California 90013 Los Angeles, California 90017

Robert Parker Pam Hall Marty Bostic 1269 S Mullen Ave 4736 West 18th St 1540 Amherst Ave. Los Angeles, California 90019 Los Angeles, California 90019 Los Angeles, California 90025

Christy Hoverder Ken Stack Erik Hanson 1247 1/2 Granville Ave 1406 N Benton Way 11140 Rose Ave, Apt 405 West Los Angeles, California 90025 Los Angeles, California 90026 Los Angeles, California 90034

Kenneth McPeek Madeleine Fisher Kern Katie Levine 1465 S. Shenandoah St., #6 162 South Orange Drive 525 N Sycamore Ave Los Angeles, California 90035 Los Angeles, California 90036 Los Angeles, California 90036

Birgitts Martinez Zach Bromberg Keith Fialcowtz 4658 Loleta Ave 918 N Gardner St 1633 North Gardenr Los Angeles, California 90041 West Hollywood, California 90046 Los Angeles, California 90046

Lesley Meyer Edson Kurose Aime Arce 742 Quail Drive 11923 Venice Blvd 11925 Venice Blvd Los Angeles, California 90065 Mar Vista, California 90066 Los Angeles, California 90066

Gale Dorion Mark Crane Jeff Harshaw 6716 Hillpark Drive #306 2101 North Highland Avenue 846 Palm Ave #7 Los Angeles, California 90068 Los Angeles, California 90068 West Hollywood, California 90069

Carla Simoni Steve Bond Diana Crane 136 S Clark Dr. 1001 Wilshire Blvd 17700 S Western Ave Beverly Hills, California 90211 Beverly Hills, California 90213 Gardena, California 90248

Elaine Arellano Stevie Sugarman Sandra Glover 14509 Kingsdale Ave PO Box 923 PO Box 6534 Lawndale, California 90260 Malibu, California 90265 Malibu, California 90265

Denise Kautter Allison Mitrovich Judith Howells 2545 Foose Rd 460 Rosecrans Ave 321 Alma Real Drive Malibu, California 90265 Manhattan Beach, California 90266 Pacific Palisades, California 90272

Alexander Nadolishny Susan Irving Karen Jones 16459 W Sunset Blvd., Apt. 3 731 Sapphire St 704 Sunset Ave. Pacific Palisades, California 90272 Redondo Beach, California 90277 Venice, California 90291

Wayne Johnson Nancy Smith Pippa Scott 425 Broadway 1507 7th Street, #170 752 25th Street Santa Monica, California 90401 Santa Monica, California 90401 Santa Monica, California 90402

Mary Rojeski Danielle Charney Athena Hogue 2603 3RD St Apt 6 2505 4th St 20717 Ladeene Ave. Santa Monica, California 90405 Sm, California 90405 Torrance, California 90503

Tracy Telfair Mary Yoon Peggy Yost 25534, January Drive 5822 Comstock Ave 13729 via Del Palma Ave Unit J, Apt J Torrance, California 90505 Whittier, California 90601 Whittier, California 90602

Margaret Andrews Candice Copeland Patrick Mignano 13725 via Del Palma 16919 Virginia Ave 5628 Pepperwood Avenue Whittier, California 90602 Bellflower, California 90706 Lakewood, California 90712

Sandra Griffin Robyn Lamoreux Trish Geidel 5032 Tripoli Avenue 877 W Oliver St 810 27TH Street Los Alamitos, California 90720 San Pedro, California 90731 San Pedro, California 90731

Noella Lamoreux M Brown Jenny Novak 877 W Oliver St 2619 Alma Street 155 E 4th Street #307 San Pedro, California 90731 San Pedro, California 90731 Long Beach, California 90802

Lianne Valenti Lorelei Horry Hannah MacLaren 712 E San Antonio Dr, Apt 1 5128 Killdee St 694 Royce Street Long Beach, California 90807 Long Beach, California 90808 Altadena, California 91001

Missy Chapman Deborah Marsden Probyn Gregory 411 Sturtevant Dr. 10356 Parr Ave 10877 Deliban St Sierra Madre, California 91024 Sunland, California 91040 Tujunga, California 91042

Pamela Richards Bonnie Dombrowski Nancy Warren 490 Cypress Ave PO Box 51093 7235 Alabama Ave #B Pasadena, California 91103 Pasadena, California 91115 Canoga Park, California 91303

Julia Huffman Allen Sayble Sabine Ehrenfeld 22347 Haynes St 17328 Ventura Blvd #132 9018 Balboa Blvd. #161 Woodland Hills, California 91303 Encino, California 91316 Northridge, California 91325

Roger Yack Victoria Brandon Michael Connor 9018 Balboa Blvd. #161 9311 Bianca PO Box 2364 Northridge, California 91325 Northridge, California 91325 Reseda, California 91337

Steven King Lisa Hammermeister Laura Sanchez 16821 Bircher St 16456 Shamhart Drive 400 Rancho Rd Granada Hills, California 91344 Granada Hills, California 91344 Thousand Oaks, California 91362

Ruth Aroni Erica Gill Bonnie Flamer 24249 Martha St. 13512 Haynes St 15012 Greenleaf Street Woodland Hills, California 91367 Van Nuys, California 91401 Los Angeles, California 91403

Sigrid Ramos Susan Alcott Jardine Sau Tsang 14836 Hart St. 14301 Hortense St. 10800 Peachgrove Street Van Nuys, California 91405 Sherman Oaks, California 91423 Los Angeles, California 91601

Ellen Little Donna Kitti Darynne Jessler 12309 Viewcrest Road 7615 Atoll Ave 4408 Gentry Ave Studio City, California 91604 North Hollywood, California 91605 Valley Village, California 91607

Janet Girard Mike Arenas Kyle Webster 1437 N Calera Ave 7535 Plymouth Way 543 W Foothill Blvd, #122 Covina, California 91722 Rancho Cucamonga, California 91730 Glendora, California 91741

James Hughes Donna Galvan Lee Black 451 Sellers Street, Trl#16 239 S 4th Avenue 13841 Proctor Valley Road Glendora, California 91741 La Puente, California 91746 Jamul, California 91935

Gail Roberts Darcy Duval M Jensen PMB 70 PO Box A 2076 Montgomery Ave 1549 Turquoise Dr. Tecate, California 91980 Cardiff, California 92007 Carlsbad, California 92011

Astevia Willett Amy Schmitz Marcina Motter 509 Roselle Avenue 717 Kent Drive 444 N El Camino Real Spc 12 El Cajon, California 92021 El Cajon, California 92021 Encinitas, California 92024

John Pasqua Bryan Wold Nicole Fortunato 843 S Escondido Blvd 10904 Serena Ln 5050 Palermo Dr Escondido, California 92025 Lakeside, California 92040 Oceanside, California 92057

Karen Doran Angie Dano Dolores Sniegowski 12236 Boulder Point Dr. 1358 Avenida Pantera 8817 Annandale Way Poway, California 92064 San Marcos, California 92069 Santee, California 92071

Sandy Zelasko Bonnie Breckenridge Elizabeth Leeks 15864 Severino Lane 2885 55th St. #10 4606 Aragon Dr. Valley Center, California 92082 San Diego, California 92105 San Diego, California 92115

Tess Husbands Robert Husbands Carolyn Barkow 5521 Cloud Way 5521 Cloud Way 7844 Whelan Drive San Diego, California 92117 San Diego, California 92117 San Diego, California 92119

Glenn Torbett Jennifer Schultz Colleen Lobel 8572 Fensmuir St 6231 Calle Mariselda, Unit 612 8111 Kenova St San Diego, California 92123 San Diego, California 92124 San Diego, California 92126

Lyle Wood Cindy Zacks Thomas Brasseur 16321 Alipaz Court PO Box 2183, 7670 Quail Springs Dr. 277 E. Stevens Rd., #4 San Diego, California 92127 Joshua Tree, California 92252 Palm Springs, California 92262

Al Stein Gregory Zaleski Teresa Dowd PO Box 2829 PO Box 512 13308 Cochise Rd. Palm Springs, California 92263 Twentynine Palms, California 92277 Apple Valley, California 92308

Nellie Lacy Jacki Hileman Dustin Detweiler PO Box 3144 9800 7th Ave 6302 Apple Ave Big Bear City, California 92314 Hesperia, California 92345 Rialto, California 92377

Carol Wiley Harold Snyder Sharon Colman 15457 Eto Camino Road 4783 Sierra Street 3967 Pierce Street 487 Victorville, California 92394 Riverside, California 92504 Riverside, California 92505

Namcy Mukai Ivan Price Barbara Price PO Box 390856 1357 Seven Hills Drive 1357 Seven Hills Drive Anza, California 92539 Hemet, California 92545 Hemet, California 92545

Elizabeth Phillips Ranko Balog Dana Barraclough 1499 Old Mountain Ave 5352 Sierra Roja 3115A via Serena South San Jacinto, California 92583 Irvine, California 92603 Laguna Woods, California 92637

Audrey Mannolini Lorik Bernstein Shari Gilbertsen 8782 Baywood Drive 17421 Marken Lane 23871 Willows Drive Huntington Beach, California 92646 Huntington Beach, California 92647 Laguna Hills, California 92653

Ann Mayo Gary Hachmeister Deborah Sellers 1533 Buena Vista 1533 Buena Vista 2304 St. Anne Pl San Clemente, California 92672 San Clemente, California 92672 Santa Ana, California 92704

Keith Fialcowitz Mark Davis Robert Myers 1633 N. Gardner St. 925 West River Lane 622 S Gaymont St Los Angeles, California 92705 Santa Ana, California 92706 Anaheim, California 92804

Sharra Myers Brett Dennison Yolanda Ochoa 622 S Gaymont St 12622 Haster St. 16752 E Buena Vista Ave Anaheim, California 92804 Garden Grove, California 92840 Orange, California 92865

Holly Crawford Stephen Hussey Steve Schleder 4076 N Gayle St 16752 E Buena Vista Ave 1198 Navigator Drive, #190 Orange, California 92865 Orange, California 92865 San Buenaventura, California 93001

Mark Valance Paul Jones Cara Pugh 2174 Sunset Dr 1532 Towhee Court 1779 Sunridge Dr Ventura, California 93001 Ventura, California 93003 Ventura, California 93003

Pam Cellucci Henry Jassem Susan Draffan 1189 Baywood Court 4795 Moorpark Ave Apt #34 413 Avenida Del Recreo Camarillo, California 93010 Moorpark, California 93021 Ojai, California 93023

William Ferguson Jody Byrd Valerie Starkgraf 925 N. Signal Street 4306 Avenida Simi 280 Royal Ave Ojai, California 93023 Simi Valley, California 93063 Simi Valley, California 93065

Skylar Marie Campbell Waldron M L Sanders 2626 Elizondo Ave 77 Crestview Ln 1148 More Ranch Road Simi, California 93065 Santa Barbara, California 93108 Sta Barbara, California 93111

Shiva Prakash Roslyn Scheuerman Lorin Lindner 1148 More Ranch Rd PO Box 22814 PO Box 1510 Santa Barbara, California 93111 Santa Barbara, California 93121 Frazier Park, California 93225

Jeri Edwards David Hild Connie Wilkinson 224 Plancha Way 9525 Avenal Ave. 229 Palisade Avenue Arroyo Grande, California 93420 Atascadero, California 93422 Pismo Beach, California 93449

Michele Reed Skye Mclennan Sharon Figula PO Box 157 310 Finch Street PO Box 142 Templeton, California 93465 Templeton, California 93465 Llano, California 93544

Mary Uline Stephanie Schwab Angela Rodriguez Kaley 24361 San Juan Drive 256 W Ellery Ave 40859 Angus Road Tehachapi, California 93561 Clovis, California 93612 Coarsegold, California 93614

Alex Krevitz Carole Wynne Mark Stamas 33992 Rivercrest Rd N 1003 Montgomery Ave 59743 Cascadel Rd Coarsegold, California 93614 Los Banos, California 93635 North Fork, California 93643

Les Roberts Indamani Kandarian Lisa Ciani 1134 East Lansing 8422 N. Sierra Vista Ave 220 Walnut St Fresno, California 93704 Fresno, California 93720 Pacific Grove, California 93950

Heather Hampton Scott Debra Ternullo John Malloy 823 Walnut Street 1013 Hillside 1016 Continentals Wy #101 Pacific Grove, California 93950 Pacific Grove, California 93950 Belmont, California 94002

Shiela Cockshott Rodger Silvers Beth Craig 2753 Yosemite 56-a Westlake Ave. 2700 Higgins Canyon Rd Belmont, California 94002 Daly City, California 94014 Half Moon Bay, California 94019

Beth Pielert Pamela Patek Dave Mahler 90 Alcatraz Ave 14655 Pescadero Rd 10401 Magdalena Rd Half Moon Bay, California 94019 La Honda, California 94020 Los Altos Hills, California 94024

Nancy Borgeson Susie Cohen Carol Taggart 1319 Laurel Street 2 Wildwood Lane 1705 Valparaiso Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 Menlo Park, California 94025 Menlo Park, California 94025

Stuart Sussman Michelle MacKenzie Erin Caslavka 452 7th Avenue 980 Berkeley Ave PO Box 371375 Menlo Park, California 94025 Menlo Park, California 94025 Montara, California 94037

Vicente Moretti Alfredo Kuba Randy Schwartz 505 Cypress Point Drive, 127 500 W. Middlefield Rd., Apt. 178 468 Sierra Vista Av. #8 Mountain View, California 94043 Mountain View, California 94043 Mountain View, California 94043

Patricia Kunakov Mark Reibstein Nan Matthews 5227 Wooded Glen 135 Dardenelle Avenue 370 Carmel Grizzly Flat, California 94044 Pacifica, California 94044 Pacifica, California 94044

Penny Sur Bill Bushnell Poly Prime 100 Duane Street, Apt 15 467 Bryan Avenue 934 W Cardinal Dr Redwood City, California 94062 Sunnyvale, California 94086 Sunnyvale, California 94087

Linda Yaco Alexandra Tejeda Lori Eanes 800 Mcallister St 1418 Rhode Island Street, #3 355 Precita Ave San Francisco, California 94102 San Francisco, California 94107 San Francisco, California 94110

Rose Goldthwait Richard Johns Marilyn Specht 1800 Bryant Street #306 415 Delano Ave 630 Alvarado St San Francisco, California 94110 San Francisco, California 94112 San Francisco, California 94114

Madeleine Mandich Arnaz Raj Paula Katz 2721 Clay Street 2222 Broadway 2233 44th Ave San Francisco, California 94115 San Francisco, California 94115 San Francisco, California 94116

Keiko M Debra Riat Mark Weinberger 9 Mayfair Drive 570 46th Ave 391 28th Avenue San Francisco, California 94118 San Francisco, California 94121 San Francisco, California 94121

Jessica Barbieri Mary Visciglio Kay Bushnell 1743 8th Ave 2580 Washington 775 Northampton San Francisco, California 94122 San Francisco, California 94123 Palo Alto, California 94303

Nancy Lumos Nuna Mingo Karen Hayhurst 1732 Celeste Dr 2600 Lemoore Rd PO Box 1891 San Mateo, California 94402 Alameda, California 94501 Discovery Bay, California 94505

Jennifer Preston Jackie Valdehueza Sheri Kuticka 1321 Aster Dr 3115 Finnian Way Apt. 339 820 Weaver Ln. Antioch, California 94509 Dublin, California 94517 Concord, California 94518

Leofleur Pood Carlene Visperas Anne Tuddenham 2385 Hemlock Ave 5361 Meadow Wood Pl 1220 King Drive Concord, California 94520 Concord, California 94521 El Cerrito, California 94530

Annette Laverty Lynda Pelley Kimberly Loisel 20006 Shadow Creek Cir 1696B Silverado Trail 680 Fargo Avenue #3 Castro Valley, California 94552 Napa, California 94559 San Leandro, California 94579

Bruce Jensen Lauri Fehlberg Nikki Nafziger 2122 via Barrett 5149 Willowview Court 43 Frey Place San Lorenzo, California 94580 Pleasanton, California 94588 Vallejo, California 94590

Arden Allen Beth Tessler Melodie White 735 6th St 275 Voyager Dr 1884 Magnolia Way Vallejo, California 94590 Vallejo, California 94590 Walnut Creek, California 94595

Richard Flittie Matthew Rohner Sharon Edwards 2780 Larkey Lane 2183 Courtland Ave Apt G 4701 San Leandro St 3h Walnut Creek, California 94597 Oakland, California 94601 Oakland, California 94601

Laurence Laverty Kingman Lim Jessea Greenman 4540 Mountain View Ave. 464 48th St 586 62nd Street Oakkland, California 94605 Oakland, California 94609 Oakland, California 94609

Martha Tracy Joan Shea Kyna Snyder 6612 Dana Street 609 Vernon Street 8390 Skyline Blvd Oakland, California 94609 Oakland, California 94610 Oakland, California 94611

Scott Weitz L Haage April Gavin 6104 Hillegass Ave. #4 Colby St 2140 Acton Street Oakland, California 94618 Oakland, California 94618 Berkeley, California 94702

Lenore Sheridan Jane Welford Karen Gosling 1531 University Ave Unit 418 2128 Woolsey Street 1228 Kains Avenue Berkeley, California 94703 Berkeley, California 94705 Berkeley, California 94706

Marcus Eichenberg Maria Bustamante Meghana Murthy Sibi Narayana 1348 Acton St. PO Box 6212 2087 Delaware Street Berkeley, California 94706 Albany, California 94706 Berkeley, California 94709

Terence Krista Elizabeth Fowler Smith Trish Carney 558 Hayes 927 Ventura Street 224 Center St Richmond, California 94804 Richmond, California 94805 San Rafael, California 94901

Dhyana Light Deborah Landowne Zoe Rolland 34 Warner Ct 740 Estancia Way 151 Deepstone Dr., San Rafael, California 94901 San Rafafel, California 94903 San Rafael, California 94903

Deirdra Rogers Connie Kennedy Corie Lahr 121 Meernaa Ave. 1780 Sir Francis Drake Blvd., #4 709 West Cotati Avenue Fairfax, California 94930 Fairfax, California 94930 Cotati, California 94931

Hilda Leefeldt Melissa Polick Jane Garsson 14 Gomez Way #16 280 Loring Ave 401 Montford Avenue Mill Valley, California 94941 Mill Valley, California 94941 Mill Valley, California 94941

Barbara Clifton Zarate Donna Nittinger Susie Schlesinger 193 Montego Key 8200 Brand Ln 5901 Redhill Road Novato, California 94949 Penngrove, California 94951 Petaluma, California 94952

Kendra Mon Denise Alvarado Elaine Woodriff 300 Stony Point Rd Space 436 333 N Mcdowell Blvd, Apt C258 717 N. Mcdowell Blvd., #307 Petaluma, California 94952 Petaluma, California 94954 Petaluma, California 94954

Joan Weiner Tiffany Theden Sara Youhas Ross Ave 105 Stephen Rd #1 250 Keller Drive San Anselmo, California 94960 Aptos, California 95003 Boulder Creek, California 95006

Kimberly Bergen Robin Rosinski Dennis Davie 551 Sunset Rd 3937 Bucknall Rd PO Box 651 Boulder Creek, California 95006 Campbell, California 95008 Capitola, California 95010

Bonnie Grey Betty Mullins Marsha Armstrong 230 Walker Valley Rd PO Box 987 20 Creekside Court 777 Knowles Dr, Ste 6a Castroville, California 95012 Hollister, California 95023 Los Gatos, California 95032

Marlene Swanson Jan Salas Anne Marie Hutchison 16255 Short Rd 610 14th Ave 133 Cayuga Street Apt C Los Gatos, California 95032 Santa Cruz, California 95062 Santa Cruz, California 95062

Diana Moll Autumn Sun Maria Borges 518 S Branciforte Ave. PO Box 5253 519 Koshland Way Santa Cruz, California 95062 Santa Cruz, California 95063 Santa Cruz, California 95064

Joanne Tanner Sara Rajan Katrina Rozelle 3071 Dover Drive 100 N Rodeo Gulch 215 Vaca Del Sol Santa Cruz, California 95065 Soquel, California 95073 Watsonville, California 95076

Tree Rozelle Sandra Bregar Felipe Juarez 215 Vaca Del Sol 1058 Foxhurst Way 1111 San Jose Watsonville, California 95076 San Jose, California 95120 San Jose, California 95122

Kaitlyn McKee Sammarye Lewis Mari Dominguez 951 Saratoga Ave PO Box 26331 7840 Gilmore San Jose, California 95129 San Jose, California 95159 Linden, California 95236

Linda King Lanelle Lovelace Elizabeth Subia PO Box 58 PO Box 283 1532 Liverpool Ct Big Oak Flat, California 95305 Columbia, California 95310 Manteca, California 95336

Nancie Barnett Diane Bozarth Holly Johnston 1713 Fairington Ln 1421 Remington 11007 Mt Brow Rd Modesto, California 95355 Modesto, California 95358 Sonora, California 95370

Janelle Ghiorso Mike Williams Misha Bailey 20349 E Walnut Dr PO Box 102 1358 Cadence Way Sonora, California 95370 Soulsbyville, California 95372 Santa Rosa, California 95401

Devin McCormick Carol Barnes Janice Flatto 2156 Chianti Drive 5515 St. Helena Road 945 Wright St Santa Rosa, California 95403 Santa Rosa, California 95404 Santa Rosa, California 95404

Roshell Pulk Nicholas Mallonee John Freedom 2242 Santa Fe Dr 1042 Odell Ln 8901 Oak Trail Drive Santa Rosa, California 95405 Santa Rosa, California 95407 Santa Rosa, California 95409

Elizabeth Gavette Elaine Charkowski Cheryl Meissner 330 Cypress St #6 19244 Benson Ln 31800 Westwood Dr. Fort Bragg, California 95437 Fort Bragg, California 95437 Fort Bragg, California 95437

Andrew Bunnell Karin Lease Valerie Nordeman 428 Bowers St 428 Bowers St PO Box 1715 Graton, California 95444 Graton, California 95444 Laytonville, California 95454

Steven Paige Lupe Avila Sharon Sadler PO Box 1142 4615 Hessel Road PO Box 952 Mendocino, California 95460 Sebastopol, California 95472 Sebastopol, California 95473

Barbara Jacobsen Machiko Shimada Deborah Filipelli 650 4th St. W. #43 PO Box 932 PO Box 341 Sonoma, California 95476 Upper Lake, California 95485 The Sea Ranch, California 95497

Elissa Blair Stephanie Tidwell Alexandra Lamb 1226 K St 1819 Buhne St 2955 Lowell Street Eureka, California 95501 Eureka, California 95501 Eureka, California 95501

Melissa Birch Danielle Fristoe Kate Robinson 247 Huntoon 3125 Nevada St. Apt #3 4205 Union St. #B Eureka, California 95502 Eureka, California 95503 Eureka, California 95503

Julie Coar Anthony Silvaggio Corey Mascio PO Box 4875 1741 Waters Ave 2370 2nd Rd Arcata, California 95518 Mckinleyville, California 95519 McKinleyville, California 95519

Elisha Belmont Leonard Perry Joseph Ashenbrucker 2600 Daffodil 1175 Beith Court 873 Sunnybank Ln Mckinleyville, California 95519 Arcata, California 95521 Garberville, California 95542

Anita Chittenden Robin A Enos Allen Bohnert PO Box 249 226 Washington Street 1854 Renoir Ave Amador City, California 95601 Auburn, California 95603 Davis, California 95618

Dominique Landis K Gregg Virginia Johnson 156 Sage St 6145 Galena PO Box 174 Citrus Heights, California 95621 El Dorado, California 95623 Garden Valley, California 95633

Karin Occhialini Sharai Smith Tracey Archer 4981 Creek Park Ranch Rd 7470 Lion Alley 1515 6th Street Garden Valley, California 95633 Georgetown, California 95634 Lincoln, California 95648

Stephen Archer Larry Ritchey Kimberly Petree 1515 6th Street 20301 Highway 88 Space 14 2825 Sleepy Hollow Court Lincoln, California 95648 Pine Grove, California 95665 Placerville, California 95667

Inge Bjorkman Gene Gantt Douglas Marchel Main St 12 613 Hawk Dr 1300 Burton Dr Placerville, California 95667 Vacaville, California 95687 Vacaville, California 95687

Chuck Swift Elena Knox Kim Davis PO Box 207 19650 Shake Ridge Road 2982 Angel Court Volcano, California 95689 Volcano, California 95689 West Sacramento, California 95691

Dianna Suarez Robert Curtis Sally Madigan 1331 Sierra Oak Lane 25880 Rollins Lake Rd 15870 Mcelroy Rd Colfax, California 95713 Colfax, California 95713 Meadow Vista, California 95722

Catrina Lessley Trina Lee Sabrina Thompson PO Box 16 5801 Cape Holly Court 1370 Estates Dr Pollock Pines, California 95726 Elk Grove, California 95757 El Dorado Hills, California 95762

Peter Van Arnum Brian Zeman Ricky Prows 3072 Sourdough Trail 5635 Blackrock Road 1830 T St. South Lake Tahoe, California 95762 Rocklin, California 95765 Sacramento, California 95811

Pamela Rasada John Squires Julia Smotherman 1723 V St 4948 11th Avenue 4536 Wyman Dr Sacramento, California 95818 Sacramento, California 95820 Sacramento, California 95821

Rebecca Tripp Carolyn Yee Patrick Bell 4512 Mcdonald Dr PO Box 22787 2309 Knight Way Sacramento, California 95821 Sacramento, California 95822 Sacramento, California 95822

Ashley Church Sarah Amaral Delyth Kitch 2688 Scott Rd. 920 W 11th PO Box 6928 Canyon Dam, California 95923 Chico, California 95926 Chico, California 95927

Jess Kohls Corey Hitchcock Susan Egan 1637 Chico River Road PO Box 924 10300 Jitney Lane Chico, California 95928 Grass Valley, California 95945 Grass Valley, California 95945

Eileen Hale Kathy Monteiro Les Hall 10833 Pine Hill Drive 14652 Stinson Dr PO Box 146 Grass Valley, California 95945 Grass Valley, California 95949 Meadow Valley, California 95956

Katherine Porebski Jennifer Scott Mariana Worden 18445 Round Mountain Ranch Rd. 12246 Shady Lane 14868 Ridge Road Nevada City, California 95959 Nevada City, California 95959 North San Juan, California 95960

Rosa McCann Gabrielle Broche Christopher Muehlbacher 422 Simmons Rd6 5100 Cliffhanger Ln 8411 Potosi Road Oroville, California 95966 Paradise, California 95969 Redding, California 96001

Debra Mack Georgene McKinney Charlene Fershin 2395 Alexander Ave 19344 Jacqueline St 37385 Oak View St Andeson, California 96007 Anderson, California 96007 Burney, California 96013

Teri Martin Rob Flesher Jacqueline Zink PO Box 408 11270 Dorchester Way 11448 Deerfield Dr #2 Yreka, California 96097 Truckee, California 96161 Truckee, California 96161

Lucy Kelly Georgie Song Johanna Stone Werrington Street Box 100 142A Palapu St San Francisco, California 96363 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Kailua, Hawaii 96734

Donna Tully Ronald Mahtesian Nancy Davlantes 1009 Maunawili Rd PO Box 383103 45-571 Awanene Place, Apt. A Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Waikoloa, Hawaii 96738 Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744

Viviane Lerner Jennifer Schneider Brodrik McGill HC1 Box 5295 PO Box 55 General Delivery Keaau, Hawaii 96749 Pahoa, Hawaii 96778 Pahoa, Hawaii 96778

Rawil Ismail Karen and Jeff Hay Lee Parham 124 4th St 1019 Kuamauna St. 20435 SW Clarion Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 Beaverton, Oregon 97003

Teresa Peeler Richard Barker Kyle Haines 2850 SW Cedar Hills Blvd Walker 11103 Southwest Davies Road 2685 Swyers Drive Center #251 Beaverton, Oregon 97007 Hood River, Oregon 97031 Beaverton, Oregon 97005

Gary Gilardi Ute Baker Toni Syring 1132 8th St 4 Touchstone 17655 Bluff Rd Sp.70 Hood River, Oregon 97031 Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035 Sandy, Oregon 97055

James Caliva Leigh Anne Kranz Daniel Durand 20339 Noble Lane 6023 SE 22nd Ave 6511 SE 60TH Pl West Linn, Oregon 97068 Portland, Oregon 97203 Portland, Oregon 97206

Leon Aliski Colleen Sorensen Ron Scheinberg 2030 NW Marshall St. Apt. 210 4500 W. Burnside Rd. 2174 Nw Davis St, 303 Portland, Oregon 97209 Portland, Oregon 97210 Portland, Oregon 97210

Randy Smith Susan Ferguson Dorinda Kelley 130 NE Ivy St 6119 NE Sacramento Street 314 NE. 53rd Portland, Oregon 97212 Portland, Oregon 97213 Portland, Oregon 97213

CC Randall Jeff Goocher John Mulligan SE Lincoln 4004 SE Pine Street 1098-948 SE 14th Ave Portland, Oregon 97214 Portland, Oregon 97214 Portland, Oregon 97214

Viviane Duarte Jennifer Kemnitz Mary Anne Ericson 1098-948 SE 14th Ave 1314 SE Salmon St, #202 1736 SE 51st Ave. Portland, Oregon 97214 Portland, Oregon 97214 Portland, Oregon 97215

Leslie Vicas Sheila Redman Phyllis Enriquez 5531 B SE Oak St 7541 N Chautauqua Blvd 6007 N. Villard Ave. Portland, Oregon 97215 Portland, Oregon 97217 Portland, Oregon 97217

Carolyn Stuart Tom Lange Joy Grate 4920 N.E. 55 5420 SW Idaho Street 10265 SW 85th Ave Portland, Oregon 97218 Portland, Oregon 97221 Portland, Oregon 97223

Maureen Oneal Donna Steadman Lawrence Hawk 9100 SW 80TH Ave, 7 7770 SW Kingfisher Way 3 Yr Portland, Oregon 97223 Durham, Oregon 97224 Portland, Oregon 97233

Susan Nackoney Barbara Ray Christine Cosgrove 13944 SE Mall St 1315 Chemeketa NE 1990 Grant St NE Portland, Oregon 97236 Salem, Oregon 97301 Salem, Oregon 97301

Grace Neff Edward Crist T Odell 800 28th Ave. SE 5928 SW Banyon Circle PO Box 2326 Albany, Oregon 97322 Corvallis, Oregon 97333 Corvallis, Oregon 97339

Mark Marks JV Wilhelm Ann Hollyfield PO Box 177 2318 N.E. 34th St. #74, 13 PO Box 70 Newport, Oregon 97365 Lincoln City, Oregon 97367 Seal Rock, Oregon 97376

Jules Kirk David Shackleton Ellen Marmon 1751 Lawrence Aly 1885 Tabor St 2083 Dewey Street Eugene, Oregon 97401 Eugene, Oregon 97401 Eugene, Oregon 97402

Laurel Hanley Connie Ehrlich To Worden 1569 Fetters Loop 2254 Silhouette St 1940 Jackson Eugene, Oregon 97402 Eugene, Oregon 97402 Eugene, Oregon 97405

Ruth Lefevre Cheryl Warren Aura Wright 33664 Hampton Rd 3075 Whitbeck Blvd PO Box 4594 Eugene, Oregon 97405 Eugene, Oregon 97405 Rookings, Oregon 97415

David Scott Wendy Marsigli Casey Jo Remy 9 Ailsa Place, Unit 48 129 Q Street 1742 Days Creek London Springs, Oregon 97424 Cottage Grove, Oregon 97424 Days Creek Rd, Oregon 97429

Cassandra Olson Bob Thomas Karen Debraal 276 Wells Road 2001 Weaver Rd 935 B St Elkton, Oregon 97436 Myrtle Creek, Oregon 97457 Springfield, Oregon 97477

Kim Harris Dana Bleckinger Mariea Gill 4442 Aster St PO Box 904 1009 W 9th Street Springfield, Oregon 97478 Yachats, Oregon 97498 Medford, Oregon 97501

Anna Rehbach Andrew Blanchflower Charles McSweeney 1942 East Jackson St. PO Box 342 PO Box 2018 Medford, Oregon 97504 Ashland, Oregon 97520 Cave Junction, Oregon 97523

Romain Cooper Patrick Grady Rex Montoya 10398 Takilma Rd. 807 NW 5th St Apt 2 3960 Granite Hill Rd Cave Junction, Oregon 97523 Grants Pass, Oregon 97526 Grants Pass, Oregon 97526

Christina Lynn Martin Alison Hensley Michelle Mcafee 1410 Kubli Road 10000 Little Applegate Rd. PO Box 345 Grants Pass, Oregon 97527 Jacksonville, Oregon 97530 Williams, Oregon 97544

Brian Hannagan Krissy Hughes Bob Gallo 606 Latigo Ranch Road 20921 Sotra Loop 1001 SE 15th Street #200 Williams, Oregon 97544 Bend, Oregon 97702 Bend, Oregon 97702

Mary Murphy Elaine McAvoyHynes Patricia White 214 SW 17th St. 61436 Little John Ln 955 NW Chelsea Loop Bend, Oregon 97702 Bend, Oregon 97702 Bend, Oregon 97703

Kolette Schneyder Heather Kellar Harold Still 1655 NW Portland Ave, #4 PO Box 2464 3706 SW Reindeer Ave Bend, Oregon 97703 Redmond, Oregon 97756 Redmond, Oregon 97756

Ruth McD Bernice Rossana Paul Daniello General Delivery 69905 Stardust Lane PO Box 1953 Redmond, Oregon 97756 Sisters, Oregon 97759 Pendleton, Oregon 97801

Bobbie Moniz Mariah Blackhorse Janet Blair 1660 Estes Street PO Box 641 PO Box 330 Baker City, Oregon 97814 John Day, Oregon 97845 Joseph, Oregon 97846

Dan Blair Meghan Schrock Linda Riggins 306 South College Street 15109 Southeast 53rd Place 17233 NE 15th Pl Joseph, Oregon 97846 Bellevue, Washington 98006 Bellevue, Washington 98008

Nancy Wagner Brandon Juhl Jennifer Clark 10809 NE 157th Street 14416 N. Creek Drive Apt. 1616 1516 243RD Pl SE Bothell, Washington 98011 Mill Creek, Washington 98012 Bothell, Washington 98021

Suzanne Ravet Tara Leigh Diane Weinstein 1419 Farrelly St 1600-B SW Dash Point Road #8 24116 Southeast 45th Place Enumclaw, Washington 98022 Federal Way, Washington 98023 Issaquah, Washington 98029

Jim Nelson Nancy Shimeall Carl Walker 13513 105th Ave NE 6634 159th Ave NE 13325 NE 118th Ct Kirkland, Washington 98034 Redmond, Washington 98052 Redmond, Washington 98052

David Ogren Cheryl Brown Greg Balmer 2020 NE 40th St 13728 SE 172nd St PO Box 24 Renton, Washington 98056 Renton, Washington 98058 Snoqualmie, Washington 98065

Gordon Hamlin Mary Rausch Natalie Boydstun 7305 Marwood Pl. 15201 Admiralty Way, Unit C-7 2373 Minor Ave E Woodinville, Washington 98072 Lynnwood, Washington 98087 Seattle, Washington 98102

Robert Doublin Connie Solo Bronwen Evans 227 Boylston Ave E Apt B2 127 11th Ave E 219 James St Seattle, Washington 98102 Seattle, Washington 98102 Vancouver, Washington 98104

John Huskinson James Cavin Jeffrey Martin 5020 22 Ave N E Apt A PO Box 16633 865 NW 73rd St Seattle, Washington 98105 Seattle, Washington 98116 Seattle, Washington 98117

Rose De Dan Gayle Janzen Robin McFadyen 3814 SW Lander St 11232 Dayton Ave N 13000 Linden Ave. N.-Apt 745 Seattle, Washington 98126 Seattle, Washington 98133 Seattle, Washington 98133

Michael Langeloh Ellen Barnett Matt Courter 16330 Linden Ave N, Shoreline 5024 SW Dawson St 10612 Dixon Drive South Shoreline, Washington 98133 Seattle, Washington 98136 Seattle, Washington 98178

Margo Robinson Thomas O Malmevik Florinda Tudose 29th Ave 625 So. Stillaguamish Ave Apt 121 1924 18th Street Everett, Washington 98208 Arlington, Washington 98223 Bellingham, Washington 98225

Liisa Wale Elena Stroe Mike Maghakian 3201 Elwood Ave #302 1924 18th Street 3111 Brandywine Ct Bellingham, Washington 98225 Bellingham, Washington 98225 Bellingham, Washington 98226

Joanne Beeson Wayne Ude Donald Miller 1685 H Street 4249 Nuthatch Way 7891 Cultus Bay Rd Blaine, Washington 98230 Clinton, Washington 98236 Clinton, Washington 98236

Dylan Kettlestrings Edward Hueneke Ralph Wood 3813 Hatley Rd PO Box 834 309 1st Ave West Everson, Washington 98247 Freeland, Washington 98249 Gold Bar, Washington 98251

Kathryn Carterman Cynthia Culp Ronald Chaput 1928 3rd St PO Box 1557 2610 E Section, #17 Marysville, Washington 98270 Monroe, Washington 98272 Mount Vernon, Washington 98274

Robin Harper Jennifer Fuentes Kristian Boose 1257 Highland Drive 315 Roberts Way 901 Metcalf Street Pmb 62 Oak Harbor, Washington 98277 Camano Island, Washington 98282 Sedro Woolley, Washington 98284

Jack Stansfield Peggy Faranda Lynn Okita 16314 62nd Ave NW 12703 212th St SE 1827 Miller Drive Stanwood, Washington 98292 Snohomish, Washington 98296 Dupont, Washington 98327

Amy Purvis June Macarthur Patricia Moreland 2299 7TH Ave 1045 Hillandale Dr. E. 4863 Mason Milton, Washington 98354 Port Orchard, Washington 98366 Port Townsend, Washington 98368

Louise Moreland Patrick J Johnson Tom Moreland 4863 Mason 4662 Kat Lane 4863 Mason Port Townsend, Washington 98368 Port Townsend, Washington 98368 Port Townsend, Washington 98368

Ron Good Helen Dusek Renee Vincent PO Box 862 3923 Diamond Point Rd 931 E Oak Street Port Townsend, Washington 98368 Sequim, Washington 98382 Sequim, Washington 98382

Mark Bradley Sandra Kittelson Rick Cobos 2992 River Road 1313 Scenic Drive N.E. 2315 Westridge Ave W Sequim, Washington 98382 Tacoma, Washington 98422 Tacoma, Washington 98466

Ken Stratton Carolyn Shea Donna Snow 7312 56th Street Ct W Apt. A 1019 5th Ave SW 1250 Devon Loop NE University Place, Washington 98467 Olympia, Washington 98502 Olympia, Washington 98506

Jon Bennett Boots Whitehead Stephen Eichelberger 7132 Hawks Prairie Rd. NE 1323 Clover St NE 205 E 3RD St Lacey, Washington 98516 Olympia, Washington 98516 Aberdeen, Washington 98520

Ellen McCabe Steve Ardire Sue Jarrard 5 Meadow Lark Rd 301 E Wallace Kneeland Blvd, #224-331 214 Chapman Rd Montesano, Washington 98563 Shelton, Washington 98584 Castle Rock, Washington 98611

Janet Denniston Jamie Blakely Lynn Johanna 1812 Harris Street 502 15th Avenue 667 North U Street Kelso, Washington 98626 Longview, Washington 98632 Washougal, Washington 98671

Vonetta Barnes Andrew Jones Melissa McCool 924 Cedar St 298D Cape Labelle Road 753 Hexon Rd Leavenworth, Washington 98826 Tonasket, Washington 98855 Selah, Washington 98942

Kory Dordea Bob Anderlik Kerry Masters 2691 S Stateline Rd 23602 E 1st Ave 23712 E 3rd Ave Liberty Lake, Washington 99019 Liberty Lake, Washington 99019 Liberty Lake, Washington 99019

Jolanta Oszurko Linda Martin Nance Nicholls 12313 W. Sunridge Drive 1976 Onion Creek Rd 208 Main Street Nine Mile Falls, Washington 99026 Colville, Washington 99114 Davenport, Washington 99122

Melony Dickey James Cronin Pamela Meade PO Box 1133 2525 W Maxwell 2003 W. 10th Ave., #3 Kettle Falls, Washington 99141 Spokane, Washington 99201 Spokane, Washington 99204

Katherine Laise Bonnie Lee James Mulcare 3316 E 36TH Ave 43903 Shannon Lane 1110 Benjamin St Spokane, Washington 99223 West Richland, Washington 99353 Clarkston, Washington 99403

Neville Bruce Nikos Pastos Michelle Martin 1111 G St 8101 Peck Avenue M88 318 W. Hillcrest St Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Anchorage, Alaska 99504 Kodiak, Alaska 99615

Dawn Bieber Dogan Ozkan Jos Bakker PO Box 1144 Main St. PO Box 211403 Soldotna, Alaska 99669 Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 Auke Bay, Alaska 99821

Jennifer Taylor Lynn Ellis 311 Church Street 4205 Fulton Road Craig, Alaska 99921 Knoxville, Tennessee 37918

STEPHANY SEAY STEPHANY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1.

1. Wild bison meet the National Forest planning rule 8. The Custer Gallatin has erected or permitted barriers to criteria for a species of conservation concern. impede wild bison’s natural migrations within the plan area. These barriers disrupt habitat connectivity the 2. The best available scientific information indicates National Forest planning rule requires be maintained substantial concern about wild bison’s capability to or restored. persist over the long term in the plan area. 9. Human development is accelerating and threatens natural 3. Wild bison are extinct or extirpated in four out of habitats and wildlife corridors for migratory species five landscapes in the Custer Gallatin plan area. including wild bison within the plan area. The loss of Bison viability and diversity is being depleted in corridors and connectivity to habitat decreases viability the remaining landscape. and increases the risk of extinction for wild bison. 4. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the Montana 10. The U.S. Forest Service’s livestock grazing program is a Natural Heritage Program list wild bison as a species leading source of conflicts with grizzly bears resulting in of concern in Montana. dead bears, and displaces wild bison, a native species and key grizzly bear food source including within the plan area. 5. Wild bison are a critically imperiled species in the state of Idaho. Under Idaho law, wild bison are 11. The National Forest planning rule supports listing wild eradicated. bison as a species of conservation concern because the migratory species provides for diversity of plant and 6. The state of Wyoming manages for the removal of animal communities the National Forest Management Act low numbers of bison in restricted areas. Wyoming requires be protected. These key characteristics make law effectively reduces wild bison genetic diversity bison an ideal focal species to monitor ecosystem to virtually zero. integrity. 7. The condition and status of wild bison now 12. The Custer Gallatin’s proposed action for bison is and for the foreseeable future is not secure unreasonable and unacceptable. An alternative is offered within the plan area in Region 1 or on any other in counterbalance to the regulatory threats and stressors National Forest in Region 2 and Region 4. American bison are confronted with in the plan area and beyond. CHAPTER [ 1 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 1. Wild bison meet the National Forest planning rule criteria for a species of conservation concern.

We begin our analysis by recognizing that federal land agencies have an obligation, and not just the discretion, to manage and conserve fish and wildlife on federal lands. Before explaining, it is important to first dispel the common myth that “the states manage wildlife, federal land agencies only manage wild life habitat.” We found this mantra repeated throughout our study and it was commonly invoked by state and federal agencies in multiple cases and contexts.

. . .

Just because the federal government has traditionally deferred to the states in establishing regulations pertaining to hunting, fishing and trapping does not mean “the states manage wildlife and federal land agencies manage wildlife habitat.” We suspect that this non sequitur explains why the mantra has been so rarely questioned in the past.

The mantra is wrong from a legal standpoint, limited from a biological one, and problematically simplifies the complexity of wildlife-habitat relationships. Nie et al. 2017 at 95 (emphasis in the original).

Species of conservation concern are those plant and animal species whose long-term persistence within the plan area is of known conservation concern. The rule requires that species of conservation concern must be ‘‘known to occur in the plan area’’ and that the regional forester identify the species of conservation concern for which ‘‘the best available scientific information indicates substantial concern about the species’ capability to persist over the long term in the plan area.’’ National Forest System Land Management Planning, Final Rule and Record of Decision, 77 Fed. Reg. 21162, 21175 (Apr. 9, 2012) (hereinafter, National Forest planning rule).

Habitat on the Custer Gallatin is key to the survival of the only American bison population that still roams wild in their native range. Custer Gallatin Final Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2017 at 125, 138. The plan area is unique in having native wild bison that have continuously ranged the Yellowstone ecosystem since shortly after the re- cession of the last glaciers 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Gates et al. 2005 at vi.

It is vital to note the best available science uniquely identifies two genetically distinct subpopulations within the Yellowstone bison population. Halbert et al. 2012 at 9. Yellowstone National Park bison biologists dispute the finding as an artifact of human intervention, but offer no scientific data to refute observed population genetic subdivision. White & Wallen 2012 at 751-753; Halbert et al. 2012 at 754-755.

In addition to Yellowstone bison’s genetically distinct subpopulation structure, scientists have also found oth- er distinctions including different tooth wear patterns (Christianson et al. 2005 at 674), parturition timing and synchrony (Gogan et al. 2005 at 1716), longitudinal differences in migration patterns (Halbert 2012 et al. at 9), differential migration at the herd scale (Geremia et al. 2011 at 6), spatial separation (Olexa & Gogan 2007 at 1536) differences in diet and environment (Fuller et al. 2007 at 1925), and fidelity to rutting and calving grounds (Gardipee et al. 2008 at 31-32).

Central Interior bison also use a significant proportion of geothermally influenced habitats within their winter ranges (4.8 percent in Pelican Valley to 14.4 percent in Mary Mountain), and movement corridors (5.2 percent to 9.2 percent). Gates et al. 2005 at 48, 113, 127, 55. The inclusion of geothermally influenced habitats as a signifi- cant proportion of habitat use represents an unusual ecological adaptation unique to Yellowstone bison.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 1 Human intolerance and intervention has multiplied the stressors operating on American bison including: known genetic bottlenecks suffered after the near extinction of the species, few founders, severe fragmentation of populations, small population sizes, very limited number of viable populations, risk of inbreeding depression, introduction of livestock diseases, hybridization and widespread introgression of cattle DNA in public, private, and tribal herds, absence of natural predators and processes, selection for livestock traits and domestication, loss of habitats and migration corridors, among them. Hedrick 2009; The International Union for Conservation of Nature 2016. Because of these factors, wild bison remain a conservation dependent species in North America.

It is also relevant to consider American bison are near threatened, with few populations functioning as wild. The International Union for Conservation of Nature 2016. Within their native range, American bison are regionally extinct in 40 States, and possibly extinct in Texas. Id.

According to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the total North American population of threatened wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) numbers 11,000 animals. 79 Fed. Reg. 26175, 26177 (May 7, 2014). In contrast and in comparison, the total North American population of plains bison functioning as wild numbers 14,703 animals. The International Union for Conservation of Nature 2016.

Today, wild bison are “ecologically extinct” occupying less than 1 percent of their original range. Freese et al. 2007 at 175; Sanderson et al. 2008 at 252-253.

The Yellowstone ecosystem is the only place left in the world where the ecological relationship between grizzly bears and bison continues to evolve. Mattson 2017 at 2.

Wild bison are held in trust for future generations, and the Custer Gallatin has legal authority to ensure the viability of this migratory, keystone species. As the public trustee, the Custer Gallatin must consider your ob- ligation to conserve wildlife species and “stop the practice of reflexively acquiescing to state claims of wildlife authority.” Nie et al. 2017 at 101.

With 26 affiliated Tribes having ancestral ties to the region (Yellowstone Resources & Issues 2010 at 40) and several American Indian Nations exercising their respective Treaty rights in the plan area, the Custer Gallatin also has unique trust responsibilities (Nie et al. 2017 at 102), including, a duty to preserve wild bison population viability on National Forest lands. All Treaties made “under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land. . . .” U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2. While each Treaty is unique, tribal rights occupy a special place in National Forest management.

The Nez Perce Tribe . . . never surrendered its sovereignty or its trust relationship with the United States. Nor did the Tribe relinquish its fishing, hunting, and gathering rights in the ceded lands, including millions of acres within five national forests . . . special tribal rights apply to the management of the national forests. Wilkinson 1998 at 435-436.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 2 The Montana Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council (2012) have unequivocally asked managing authorities to recog- nize “the trust responsibility and Treaty obligations to American Indian Nations in providing for viable popula- tions of migratory buffalo in their native habitat.”

The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes have also articulated their concern “to protect, preserve, and enhance populations of wild bison” amidst the “geo-political boundaries preventing them from occupying much of their historic range throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.” Fort Hall Business Council 2012.

Lack of regulatory mechanisms, human intolerance and developments, livestock grazing and diseases, and the spread of invasive species that follow livestock introductions are among the stressors limiting the natural distri- bution and abundance of, and threaten wild bison viability in the plan area.

These same human-introduced stressors also operate on and endanger wildlife migration corridors and the phe- nomena of long distance bison migration.

The Custer Gallatin’s fencing schemes disrupt landscape linkages and habitat connectivity that is necessary for maintaining bison viability and diversity. These forest-permitted barriers disrupt habitat connectivity the Nation- al Forest planning rule requires be restored in the plan area.

In addition, the U.S. Forest Service’s livestock permitting program is a leading source of conflicts with grizzly bears and is a detriment and limiting factor for grizzly bears and wild bison.

The biological elements of representation, redundancy, and resiliency scientists say is necessary to prevent ex- tinction and ensure species viability and persistence (Shaffer & Stein 2000) are not present for wild bison in the plan area or the larger ecosystem they depend upon for survival.

The bison as conservation success story the Custer Gallatin touts in your assessment is undermined by the Cen- tral Interior bison herd’s precipitous decline. Geremia et al. 2017 at 1.

Once numbering 3,500 Central Interior bison now number 847 – less than one-fourth the population counted in 2005. Geremia et al. 2014 at Table 1. Yellowstone National Park’s recent census confirms what Buffalo Field Campaign patrols have been observing in the field: there has been a steep decline in the number of bison in the Hebgen basin plan area. Buffalo Field Campaign 2001-2016. According to bison biologists, it is unknown what is causing the Central Interior herd’s decline. Geremia et al. 2017 at 1.

Self-serving narratives of success are a barrier to taking on the ground action to preserve native bison diversity. Real world events have swept away the false story of security for wild bison. The fast-changing circumstances that led to a steep decline in Central Interior bison inhabiting the plan area is a grave cause of concern.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 3 BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 4 DAWN WILSON DAWN LAVERTY LARRY DAWN WILSON DAWN

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 5 The U.S. Congress has mandated National Forests provide for diversity and this mandate encompasses native wild bison. 16 U.S.C. § 1604(g)(3)(B). The diversity mandate comes with the requisite power the U.S. Congress has given the U.S. Forest Service to protect wildlife species on National Forest lands. Schultz et al. 2013 at 8.

In our view, the ‘complete power’ that Congress has over public lands necessarily includes the power to regulate and protect the wildlife living there. Kleppe v. New Mexico, 426 U.S. 529, 541 (1976).

Within their jurisdictions, the States hold wild animals in trust, but the States police powers exist only “in so far as (their) exercise may be not incompatible with, or restrained by, the rights conveyed to the federal government by the constitution.” Kleppe at 545 (quoting Geer v. Connecticut, 161 U.S. 519, 528 (1896)).

In addition to the U.S. Supreme Court, other federal courts have affirmed federal wildlife management authority for land management agencies.

[T]he Tenth Amendment does not reserve to the State of Wyoming the right to manage wildlife . . . regardless of the circumstances. Wyoming v. United States, 279 F.3d 1214, 1227 (2002) (emphasis added).

Under the public trust doctrine, the State of Virginia and the United States have the right and the duty to protect and preserve the public’s interest in natural wildlife resources. Such right does not derive from ownership of the resources but from a duty owing to the people. In re Steuart Transp. Co., 495 F. Supp. 38, 40 (E.D. Va. 1980) (citation omitted).

There is ample authority protecting Montana landowners from claimed property damage by wildlife. Mont. Code Ann. § 81-2-121 (2017); Mont. Const. art. 2, § 3. Less recognized, and often overlooked, is landowners’ corresponding responsibilities to be cognizant of the needs of wildlife in their natural habitats:

Montana is one of the few areas in the nation where wild game abounds. It is regarded as one of the greatest of the state’s natural resources, as well as the chief attraction for visitors. Wild game existed here long before the coming of man. One who acquires property in Montana does so with notice and knowledge of the presence of wild game and presumably is cognizant of its natural habits. Wild game does not possess the power to distinguish between fructus naturales and fructus industriales, and cannot like domestic animals be controlled through an owner. Accordingly, a property owner in this state must recognize the fact that there may be some injury to property or inconvenience from wild game for which there is no recourse. State of Montana v. Rathbone, 110 Mont. 225, 242 (1940).

The Custer Gallatin has legal authority and a trust responsibility to future beneficiaries and American Indian Nations to ensure wild bison persist in the plan area. As this report details, the best available evidence of cumu- lative threats and stressors indicate substantial concern about migratory bison’s capability to persist in the plan area, now and into the foreseeable future.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 6 CHAPTER [ 2 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 2. The best available scientific information indicates substantial concern about wild bison’s capability to persist over the long term in the plan area.

The National Forest planning rule requires the “best available scientific information be used to inform the plan- ning process and be documented, while also taking into account other forms of knowledge, such as local infor- mation, national perspectives, and native knowledge.” U.S. Forest Service 2012 Summary at 1.

The plan area consists of 3,039,000 acres of National Forest System lands (Federal) and 384,270 acres of non-Fed- eral (private, state and tribal lands; USDA Forest Service Land Area Report, 2015). Custer Gallatin Final Land Status and Ownership, Land Uses, and Access Patterns Report 2017 at 3.

Bison historically occupied about 20,000 square kilometers (4,942,108 acres) in the headwaters of the Yellowstone and Madison Rivers (Plumb et al. 2009). As of 2008, they occupied 3,175 square kilometers (784,560 acres) predominantly inside Yellowstone National Park. The current tolerance areas include about 200,000 acres on the west side and about 105,000 acres in Gardiner Basin on the north side. Prior to the Governor’s decision, the tolerance zones were 12,500 acres on the north and about 70,000 acres to the west. Custer Gallatin Final Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2017 at 133.

Habitat in Yellowstone National Park is not within the plan area as defined by the Custer Gallatin. Habitat avail- able in “current tolerance areas” on the Custer Gallatin does not translate into bison use or suitability.

Bison seem to prefer the narrow band of flat, low elevation habitat along the Yellowstone River. Lemke 1997.

Bison tend to use relatively low elevation habitat, typically using flat areas or rolling foothills dominated by sagebrush grassland vegetation. Lemke 2006.

The South Fork and Watkins allotments have suitable bison habitat, although bison are not allowed to move through the South Fork allotment to the Watkins allotment. Swilling 2011 at 6.

The best scientific information available indicates wild bison use a fraction of habitats available under “current tolerance areas.” Wallen 2012. Under “current tolerance areas” of 102,501 acres available to wild bison in the Gardiner basin, predicted use is 30,123 acres. In Hebgen basin and the Upper Gallatin River, of 146,625 acres available, predicted use is 43,602 acres.

Furthermore, management actions reduce predicted habitat use in both basins, e.g. the state of Montana harasses bison migrating south of the Madison River and westward to the South Fork, and biological facts, i.e., during winter, few bison climb to the top of hydrological divides in Gardiner basin. While habitat counted above on the Custer Gallatin is available in the Upper Gallatin River (Jourdonnais 2006) bison no longer roam there after being extirpated by management actions in the early 1990s. Geist & Mease pers. observations.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 7 As a probable baseline, and at minimum, wild bison historically occupied 4,942,108 acres in the headwaters of the Yellowstone and Madison Rivers. Plumb et al. 2009 at 2377. Today, wild bison occupy 784,560 acres outside the plan area in Yellowstone National Park, and are predicted to use 73,725 acres in the plan area. Objectively, wild bison inhabit less than one-fifth of their original habitat in the ecosystem, and, the migratory species’ distribution across their range is strictly confined by management “tolerance areas”within the plan area.

Given current constraints on bison tolerance, there is no expectation that bison would be re-established outside of the landscapes that are adjacent to Yellowstone National Park. Therefore, habitat was assessed only for the Madison, Gallatin and Beartooth landscape.

Currently, within the Madison, Gallatin, and Beartooth landscape, there are 293,151 acres (12.5 percent) of potentially suitable habitat for bison on the Custer Gallatin National Forest. Of that amount, 224,143 acres are grass and shrub lifeforms (Figure 18). Custer Gallatin Final Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2017 at 134.

The Custer Gallatin admits there is an expectation human intolerance will continue to operate on wild bison – severely limiting access to their home range in the plan area for the foreseeable future. It is axiomatic that the less habitat available for wild bison to adapt and evolve, the greater the risk to native species and ecological pro- cesses. Committee of Scientists 1999 at 147.

According to the Committee of Scientists, the core elements of ecological sustainability depend on the diversity of plant and animal communities and the productive capacity of ecological systems. “Biological diversity and ecological productivity, in turn, depend on the viability of individual species. Diversity is sustained only when species persist.” Id. at 176.

Human intolerance and management is severely curtailing the natural distribution, abundance, and migrations of wild bison and is a persistent threat and stressor within the plan area, now and for the foreseeable future. In severely curtailing bison range, the Custer Gallatin is placing the wild species at greater risk of local extinction. BARBARA MAGNUSON & LARRY KIMBALL & LARRY MAGNUSON BARBARA SISTI SANDY

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 8 CHAPTER [ 3 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 3. Wild bison are extinct or extirpated in four out of five landscapes in the Custer Gallatin plan area. Bison viability and diversity is being depleted in the remaining landscape.

Due to human intolerance, wild bison occupy only one landscape within the Custer Gallatin plan area on the Madison, Henrys Lake, Gallatin, Absaroka and Beartooth Mountains. Custer Gallatin Draft Assessment Report of Ecological, Social and Economic Conditions 2016 at 40-41.

The eastern Custer Gallatin is missing only a few species, such as black-footed ferrets and plains bison. Id. at 38.

Bridger, Bangtail and Crazy Mountains This landscape includes most native species but not bison, bighorn sheep or grizzly bears. This area is a potential wildlife corridor between the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and other large blocks of wildlife habitat to the north, such as the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem in northwest Montana. Id. at 40.

Pryor Mountains . . . there are no bison or grizzly bears in the area, black bears and deer are abundant. The Pryor landscape represents a transition from the montane to the pine savanna ecosystem and contains a few notable pine savanna species such as eastern red bat, greater sage-grouse and prairie voles. Id. at 41.

On the Custer side of the National Forest, wild bison in South Dakota are “very rare” or “vulnerable to extinction throughout its range.”

Either very rare and local throughout its range, or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range, or vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors; in the range of 21 of 100 occurrences. South Dakota Natural Heritage Program 2007; see also South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks 2014 at 16.

On the Gallatin side of the National Forest, wild bison in Montana are subject to livestock agency control under state law that is bereft of provisions ensuring the wild species viability.

Montana Department of Livestock (DoL) DoL is granted broad and discretionary authority to regulate publicly-owned bison that enter Montana from a herd that is infected with a dangerous disease (YNP bison) or whenever those bison jeopardize Montana’s compliance with state or federally administered livestock disease control programs including the authority to remove, destroy, take, capture, and hunt the bison (§ 81-2-120(1)-(4) MCA)). Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and Montana Dept. of Livestock 2013 at 13.

The lack of regulatory mechanisms to ensure wild bison persist is preventing the native species from occupying four out of five landscapes in the Custer Gallatin plan area, and is depleting bison genetic diversity and viability in the remaining landscape.

At best, wild bison persistence within the plan area hinges on the uncertainty in who is elected Montana’s gover- nor, the makeup of Montana’s legislature, and the political will to recognize or rollback “tolerance areas” under livestock management authority. The state of Montana’s regulatory intolerance for bison is in conflict with the National Forest Management Act’s diversity requirement.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 9 JUDITH DRAGONETTE

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 10 CHAPTER [ 4 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 4. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the Montana Natural Heritage Program list wild bison as a species of concern in Montana.

Agency planning policy requires that species identified by states as being at risk be considered as potential SCC [Species of Conservation Concern]. Forest Service Handbook 1909.12 § 1252d(3). Nie et al. 2017 at 61.

The only wild bison in Montana are found within the plan area.

Migratory bison use the National Forest for wintering range, spring calving grounds, and to some extent, sum- mer-fall habitat. Buffalo Field Campaign 2001-2016. Female fidelity to natal ranges (philopatry) appears to be a strong driver behind distinct herd migrations to summer ranges located in Yellowstone National Park. Gardipee 2007 at 31-32.

Central Interior bison occupying the plan area may be unique in selecting geothermally influenced habitats as refugia and movement corridors. Gates et al. 2005 at 48, 54. Notably, Central Interior herd migrations cross the calderas and landforms created by the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Christiansen 2000 at G13, G18, G112. In part, these geothermal habitats prevented the extinction of America’s last bison in the wild. Meagher 1973 at 102; Lancaster 2005 at 427; Lueck 2002 at S620, S639, S645, S647.

Given bison’s migrations within the plan area occur in the state of Montana and there is no other wild bison population in the state, it is relevant to consider the factors that led Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the Montana Natural Heritage Program to list wild bison as a species of concern.

In Montana, the migratory species is listed as a “species of concern” and “considered to be ‘at risk’ due to declining population trends, threats to their habitat, and/or restricted distribution” and “vulnerable to global extinction or extirpation in the state.”

As of 2010, bison are listed by the Montana Natural Heritage Program (MNHP) and FWP as a “species of concern” (MNHP, 2010; FWP, 2010a). Species of concern “are native Montana animals that are considered to be ‘at risk’ due to declining population trends, threats to their habitat, and/or restricted distribution” (MNHP, 2010). FWP and MNHP have given bison an S2 state ranking and a G4 global ranking (MNHP, 2010: FWP, 2010a). An S2 status means the species is “at risk because of very limited and/or potentially declining population numbers, range, and/or habitat, making it vulnerable to global extinction or extirpation in the state” (FWP and MNHP; 2010b). The G4 global ranking means that the species is “apparently secure, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, and/or suspected to be declining” (FWP and MNHP, 2010b). The Montana Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CFWCS) lists bison as Tier 1, which are species in “greatest conservation need. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks has a clear obligation to use its resources to implement conservation actions that provide direct benefit to these species, communities, and focus areas” (FWP, 2005, pp.32). Adams & Dood 2011 at 32.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 11 Gallatin needs to take these detrimental factors toGallatin needs these take for bison into account inyour proposed action. eradicated and removed. management these Because place take actions on also National Forest lands, Custer the In looking beyond plan the area, bison migrating into Region 4inIdaho and Region 2inWyoming are of as aspecies concernspecies By failing to establish for abaseline bison, Custer the Gallatin’s evaluation status obscures actual the of wild the assessment reports. fundamental125-139. This flaw the in agency’s analysis is throughoutfound the CusterGallatin’s draftfinal and Custerthe Gallatin relies on status the of bison Instead of evaluating factors the that authorities these led to list bison wild of as aspecies concern inMontana, Yet, Custer the Gallatin’s draft and final assessment entirely fails to factorsconsider these substantial concern about long-term the persistence of bison, wild anative within plan the species, area. These arethe factors exactly scientificand information the National Forestplanningrule requires todemonstrate having an obligation to its use resources to directly benefitwild bison. habitat. Furthermore, Montana as in identifies thewild species “greatest conservation need”withthe state atmigratory species risk of or extinction extirpation including limited/declining very population, range, and Montana’s ranking clearly identifies wild bison as a of concern,species and liststhe factors that the place ofspecies concern. declining populations, threats to habitat, restricted distribution –supporting finding their that wild bison are a Montana Fish, Wildlife &Parks and Montana the Natural Heritage Program present factors – evidentiary the within the plan area BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 12 outside the plan area inMontana. . Final Terrestrial. Final Wildlife 2017at Report within the plan area . SANDY SISTI CHAPTER [ 5 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 5. Wild bison are a critically imperiled species in the state of Idaho. Under Idaho law, wild bison are eradicated.

It is the purpose of the provisions of this section to provide for the management or eradication of bison . . . . Idaho Code § 25-618(1) (2017).

Bison migrating through and beyond the plan area, are purposely eradicated under Idaho law despite being iden- tified as a critically imperiled species in the state.

Wild bison in the plan area migrate onto the Caribou-Targhee National Forest in Idaho, Region 4, where the species conservation ranking is S1, a “critically imperiled species at high risk because of extreme rarity.” Adams and Dood 2011 at 108.

Under Idaho law, state and federal officials shoot or eliminate any wild bison migrating from the Yellowstone population. Idaho Code § 25-618 (2017); Associated Press 2012.

Based on Buffalo Field Campaign observations and government reports, Idaho law is enforced to eradicate bison migrating onto the Caribou-Targhee National Forest and adjacent lands – the only place the wild species is found in the state. Buffalo Field Campaign 2009; Buffalo Field Campaign 2017; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and Montana Dept. of Livestock 2013 at 39.

Human intolerance in Idaho law that eradicates bison genetic diversity on the Caribou-Targhee National Forest and adjacent lands is certain to continue for the foreseeable future. SANDRA ZELASKO SANDRA

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 13 CHAPTER [ 6 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 6. The state of Wyoming manages for the removal of low numbers of bison in restricted areas. Wyoming law effectively reduces wild bison genetic diversity to virtually zero.

Bison occupying the plan area and migrating into Wyoming are managed in restricted areas for removal.

Bison migrations onto the Shoshone National Forest in Region 2 occurred over most of the latter 20th century and became consistent after a major forest fire in 1988. Wyoming Game and Fish Department 2008 at 7, 10–11.

From 1988-1997, up to 30 bison were annually observed on the North Fork of the Shoshone River. After two seasons of being hunted, only individual bull bison (less than 10) were observed. Id. at 12.

State law calls for wild bison migrating onto the Shoshone National Forest in Wyoming to be shot by hunters or removed by state authorities. The low numbers Wyoming has set curtail bison’s exploratory movements and do not allow for female-led groups except in the Teton Wilderness.

In summary, the fundamental recommendation for the Absaroka Bison Management Area is to maintain the current low number and specific distribution of bull bison in the North Absaroka and Washakie Wilderness Areas (no more than 25), and on Shoshone National Forest (SNF) lands along the North Fork of the Shoshone River (no more than 15). In addition, the WGFD may allow up to 25 bison in the Yellowstone River drainage within the Teton Wilderness. The WGFD should not allow cow bison to occupy this management area except in the Yellowstone River drainage within the Teton Wilderness. Removing bison would be accomplished by hunters when possible, or by Department personnel when hunting is not possible. Wyoming Game and Fish Department 2008 at 3 (emphasis added).

Under state law, the migratory species falls under Wyoming livestock board authority, who can order Wyoming Game and Fish to remove bison. Id. at 15; Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 23-1-302(a)(xxvii) (2017). The outcome of enforcing Wyoming law and placing the native species under livestock authority effectively reduces wild bison genetic diversity to virtually zero on the Shoshone National Forest.

In 2011, Region 2 proposed listing wild bison as a sensitive species, the precursor to today’s species of conserva- tion concern.

On April 1, 2011, Regional TES Species Program Leader Nancy Warren recommended American bison be listed to “encourage consideration of restoration opportunities in the future” and noted that the removal of bison, a keystone species, “may have had cascading effects on grassland ecosystem function and the diversity of native plant and animal species.”

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 14 On April 7, 2011, Deputy Regional Forester Antoine L. Dixon sent a letter to Forest Supervisors proposing the wild species be added to the sensitive species list in Region 2.

On May 2, 2011, Shoshone National Forest, Forest Supervisor Joseph G. Alexander requested wild bison be removed from the proposed list, citing “[e]xisting state management plans may conflict with how the Shoshone would manage for species viability. Until further evaluation of this situation can occur, I respectfully ask for the species to be removed from the list.”

Inexplicably, on April 29, 2011, Region 2’s TES Species Program Leader withdrew her recommendation writing: “At this time no self-sustaining herds of wild plains bison exist on National Forest System lands. Forests should consider working towards the possibility of restoring wild plains bison where feasible on NFS lands in the fu- ture.”

The record shows Region 2 ceded the National Forest’s regulatory authority and duty to manage for wild bison viability and list the sensitive species because of potential conflict with “state management plans” that calls for the removal of bison migrating onto the Shoshone National Forest.

Region 1 can and should chart another course by recognizing wild bison are a species of known conservation concern.

In the absence of federal regulatory action, human intolerance in Wyoming law reducing bison genetic diversity to virtually zero on the Shoshone National Forest is certain to continue for the foreseeable future. STEPHANY SEAY STEPHANY

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 15 CHAPTER [ 7 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 7. The condition and status of wild bison now and for the foreseeable future is not secure within the plan area in Region 1 or on any other National Forest in Region 2 and Region 4.

Montana could manage for zero genetic diversity of Yellowstone bison in the state. Respondents’ Reply Brief in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment, at 18, Western Watersheds Project v. State of Montana (emphasis in the original).

Defendants deny that the Forest Service is required to maintain a viable population of bison on the GNF [Gallatin National Forest]. Defendants’ Answer to Complaint at 31, 34 Western Watersheds Project v. Salazar.

Clearly define a boundary line beyond which bison will not be tolerated. Interagency Bison Management Plan Members 2016 at 2.

Acres of National Forest in the Western Region: 160,820,554. Acres of National Forest in Region 1: 28,142,171. Acres of National Forest in Region 2: 24,603,199. Acres of National Forest in Region 4: 34,246,476. Acres of suitable bison habitat on the Custer Gallatin in “tolerance areas” within the plan area: 293,151. Acres of predicted bison habitat on the Custer Gallatin in “tolerance areas” within the plan area: 73,725.

U.S. Forest Service 2015 Table 1 and Table 3; Custer Gallatin Final Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2017 at 134; Wallen 2012.

Despite persistent public pressure and popular will supporting wild bison in Montana (Moore Information 2011; Tulchin Research 2015; Science Daily 2008), the harmful conditions, trends, and stressors operating on wild bison within the plan area and beyond are unlikely to abate.

Because managing for the removal of wild bison genetic diversity is codified in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho law, there is no regulatory mechanism in place to ensure wild bison persist within the plan area in Region 1 or on National Forests in Region 2 and Region 4.

Consider that even with the most recent adaptive decision, in Montana, migratory bison are permitted to occupy no more than 0.4% of the habitat in the state. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and Montana Dept. of Livestock 2013 at 107. The vast majority of suitable and available habitat for wild bison is found within the plan area on the Custer Gallatin. Wallen 2012. Current “tolerance areas” as defined by managers, which are not based on the best available science, further restrict and reduce wild bison habitat. Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Bison Management Zones Figures D6, D7, and D8.

Even when migratory bison have won new ground to roam within the plan area, in each instance, the gain has come with a rollback.

For example, in Hebgen basin, Montana Governor Steve Bullock rolled back “tolerance” for bison on the south side of the Madison River, the South Fork, and habitat westward which is entirely within the plan area. Bullock 2016; Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Bison Management Zones Figure D6.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 16 After a forest fire in 2008, migratory bison, including matriarch-led groups, were frequently seen in burned lodgepole pine habitat south and west along the Madison River corridor. Buffalo Field Campaign 2001-2016. The ecological benefit of having bison in burned forest habitat was negated in an erratum that now subjects the Central Interior herd to government harassment, a more limited summer season, and a limit on the number of bison within the plan area. Bullock 2016.

In Gardiner basin, the ink had hardly dried on manager’s decision to expand habitat for bison when the Mon- tana Dept. of Livestock sought and got changes to rollback provisions that benefitted bison within the plan area. Montana Dept. of Livestock 2013.

State-sanctioned actions in Montana continue to infringe upon the right of bison to occupy habitat and persist as a wild species on the Custer Gallatin. The Custer Gallatin has a public trust duty to not let state forces usurp your authority to manage for wild bison viability within the plan area.

The Custer Gallatin’s permitted activities continue to threaten bison distribution, abundance, migration, and connectivity with habitats within the plan area in breach of the U.S. Congress’s directive in the National Forest Management Act of 1976 to provide diversity, and previous forest plan standards to provide “habitat for viable populations of all indigenous wildlife species and for increasing populations of big game animals.” 16 U.S.C. § 1604(g)(3)(B); U.S. Forest Service 2015 at II-1.

The Custer Gallatin National Forest’s involvement in management of bison is primarily through participation in the Interagency Bison Management Plan. There are three permitted activities associated with Custer Gallatin National Forest lands relative to bison. These include a permit for a portable temporary trapping facility on Horse Butte (issued in 1999 and renewed for 10 years in 2009, which was used 5 of the first 10 years and not since), a permit for Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks to construct and maintain a fence associated with the bison guard at Yankee Jim Canyon, and most currently and in progress, a permit to construct and maintain a fence (Montana Department of Highways) associated with the bison guard on Highway 287 near Hebgen Dam. Custer Gallatin Draft Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2016 at 122. . . . Bison movements in areas of no tolerance are controlled by strategically placed “bison guards” on the highways which block movement of bison on the northern range from entering Yankee Jim Canyon on U.S. Highway 89 and from leaving the Hebgen Basin to the west on U.S. Highway 287 near Hebgen Dam. Bison are also hazed from areas of no tolerance such as private lands in the Hebgen Basin and areas south of the Madison River. Id. at 128.

As stated above, there is no check on Custer Gallatin management decisions that are adversely impacting wild bison diversity and viability within the plan area. Instead, the Custer Gallatin primarily manages wild bison based on voluntary participation in a plan dictated by Montana law. Mont. Code Ann. § 81-2-120 (2017). However, “[v]ague, voluntary, speculative, and unenforceable measures found in plans are generally not considered a sufficient regulatory mechanism.” Nie & Schembra 2014 at 10284 (footnote omitted). We agree.

Without clear direction classifying wild bison as a species of conservation concern or enforceable standards to provide habitat and diversity, the next forest plan cannot be relied upon to ensure wild bison viability and persistence within the plan area.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 17 CHAPTER [ 8 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 8. The Custer Gallatin has erected or permitted barriers to impede wild bison’s natural migrations within the plan area. These barriers disrupt habitat connectivity the National Forest planning rule requires be maintained or restored.

The best opportunity for maintaining species and ecological integrity is to maintain or restore the composition, structure, ecological functions, and habitat connectivity characteristics of the ecosystem. These ecosystem components, in essence, define the coarse-filter approach to conserving biological diversity. U.S. Forest Service 2012 Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement at 126.

A commitment to restore or maintain landscape connectivity to facilitate movement, migration, and dispersal is a significant addition to the planning rule. Schultz et al. 2013 at 5.

The Custer Gallatin has approved erecting several barriers in migration corridors.

The fence installation will be more or less perpendicular to the river with the goal of preventing bison from moving further downstream. Gallatin National Forest 2011 at 1 (approving 900 feet of jackleg fencing uphill from both sides of the Yellowstone River and associated gates and “cattle guards” on HWY 89 near Yankee Jim Canyon in Gardiner basin).

The only identified effect to wildlife is to prevent bison from migrating further west, toward the Madison Valley, which is exactly the purpose of the fence. Custer Gallatin National Forest 2016 at 3 (approving 30 feet of jackleg fencing, gate, and associated “Bison Cattle Guard” on HWY 287 in Hebgen basin).

[T]he Holder is authorized to construct and maintain a bison corridor fence . . . . Gallatin National Forest 2009 at 1 (approving 695 feet of electrified fencing, associated cattle guards, and gates).

Unless the Custer Gallatin withdraws the special use permits, these barriers to landscape connectivity in wildlife corridors will have long-term and adverse impacts on wild bison within the plan area.

While not insurmountable – bison do climb mountains – the barriers are placed in corridors the wild species favors to access habitat within their home range.

Connectivity is defined under the 2012 Planning Rule as the “ecological conditions that exist at several spatial and temporal scales that provide landscape linkages that permit the . . . daily and seasonal movements of animals within home ranges, the dispersal and genetic interchange between populations, and the long distance range shifts of species, such as in response to climate change” 36 C.F.R. § 219.19 (2012). There are two primary requirements for habitat connectivity. The first is that suitable habitats are present for species of interest, and the second is that there are no barriers to movement (USDA 2006). Custer Gallatin Draft Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2016 at 11 (emphasis added).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 18 § 219.8 Sustainability. The plan must provide for social, economic, and ecological sustainability within Forest Service authority and consistent with the inherent capability of the plan area, as follows: (a) Ecological sustainability. (1) Ecosystem Integrity. The plan must include plan components, including standards or guidelines, to maintain or restore the ecological integrity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and watersheds in the plan area, including plan components to maintain or restore structure, function, composition, and connectivity . . . . National Forest planning rule at 21264.

§ 219.19 Definitions. Connectivity. Ecological conditions that exist at several spatial and temporal scales that provide landscape linkages that permit the exchange of flow, sediments, and nutrients; the daily and seasonal movements of animals within home ranges; the dispersal and genetic interchange between populations; and the long distance range shifts of species, such as in response to climate change. Id. at 21270.

The Custer Gallatin’s permitted activities directly limit wild bison’s natural migrations and dispersal to home ranges within the plan area. Permitting such activities within the plan area is disrupting habitat connectivity and undermining wild bison viability and diversity in contravention of National Forest planning rule requirements for habitat connectivity.

The reason for movement also plays a role in the assessment of habitat connectivity. For example, long-range dispersal movements may contribute to gene flow between populations, genetic rescue of small or isolated populations, and/or colonization of new areas (Parks et al. 2012). . . . Given the importance of habitat connectivity for maintaining species viability and associated biological diversity, a great deal of attention has been devoted to identifying potential movement corridors, as well as potential barriers to movement, for terrestrial wildlife species (USDA Forest Service 2006; Hansen 2006; WGA 2008; Cushman et al. 2010; Parks et al. 2012; Haber and Nelson 2015). Custer Gallatin Draft Terrestrial Wildlife Report 2016 at 12.

Berger studied the imperiled, biological phenomena of long-distance migration and conservatively found 100% of 14 migration routes or corridors have been lost for wild bison in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Berger 2004 at 322. Importantly, bison trails also provide access corridors for many mammal species. Tesky 1995. “During historical times, large herds of American bison commonly moved southward 200 miles (322 km) or more to winter range.” Id. Current “tolerance areas” within the plan area effectively cut-off Northern range bison from migrating to substantial portions of their home range, e.g. beyond Gardiner basin to Livingston, Montana. Gates et al. 2005 at 79-80.

Migration is an essential life-history strategy for wild bison allowing for adaptation in a rapidly changing envi- ronment and evolutionary resilience in a climate that is being disrupted on a global scale. Bison’s long distance migrations, corridor use, and connectivity to habitats in their home range needs to be proactively managed so these phenomena do not become endangered within the plan area.

Because the Custer Gallatin has permitted barriers to habitat and intentionally disrupted connectivity thwarting wild bison’s ability to naturally disperse in their home ranges, the agency’s permitting activities must be evaluated as a factor in listing wild bison as a species of conservation concern.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 19 CHAPTER [ 9 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 9. Human development is accelerating and threatens natural habitats and wildlife corridors for migratory species including wild bison within the plan area. The loss of corridors and connectivity to habitat decreases viability and increases the risk of extinction for wild bison.

Nearly 4,000 homes are added to the 20 counties of Greater Yellowstone each year and natural habitats have been lost at a rate of about 60,000 acres (2.2 percent) per year since 1970. Thus, demand for land and resources are increasing while the habitats that allow fish and wildlife to cope with climate change are decreasing. Hansen 2016.

We found that the measured biodiversity responses, including riparian habitat, elk winter range, migration corridors, and eight other land cover, habitat, and biodiversity indices, are likely to undergo substantial conversion (between 5% and 40%) to exurban development by 2020. Gude et al. 2007 at 1004.

We found that future habitat conversion to exurban development outside the region’s nature reserves will probably impact wildlife populations within the reserves. Highly productive lands where biodiversity is concentrated, including riparian areas, aspen stands, and bird hotspots, are underrepresented within reserves and highly impacted by exurban development. These habitats are population source areas for some species and their loss would probably increase the risk of extinction within protected areas (Hansen and Rotella 2002). Potential mammal migration corridors are likely to be vital resources for the ungulates and other large mammals that occur within the parks, and were forecasted to be among the most heavily impacted by exurban development (24%). Loss of these corridors would probably reduce gene flow and decrease long-term viability of species isolated within the protected areas of the GYE (Noss 1983, 1987, Noss and Harris 1986). Gude et al. 2007 at 1015.

Human development on private lands in the region of the plan area is another source of on-going stress for migratory species, including wild bison.

Insofar as development brings more humans in conflict with wild bison, it could reinforce the geo-political “tolerance areas” management has prescribed within the plan area. Because human development is a stressor that is likely to continue now and for the foreseeable future it must be evaluated as a factor in listing wild bison as a species of conservation concern. There is precedent for the Custer Gallatin to do more for wildlife species on National Forest lands to compensate for ongoing loss of habitat on adjacent private lands. Egan, New York Times (Sept. 16, 1991). RIC KESSLER SEAY STEPHANY

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 20 Bison biologists recognize management is a threat to wild bison, and their attendant loss degrades the native species’ beneficial ecological roles in the ecosystem.

Long distance migrations by ungulate species often surpass the boundaries of preservation areas where conflicts with various publics lead to management actions that can threaten populations. Geremia et al. 2011 at 1.

Limiting bison abundance to lower numbers will likely reduce (but not eliminate) the frequency of large-scale migrations into Montana, but could also hamper the conservation of this unique population of wild, free-ranging bison by adversely affecting the population’s resiliency to respond to environmental challenges, genetic diversity, and the ecological role of bison in the ecosystem through the creation of landscape heterozygosity, nutrient redistribution, competition with other ungulates, prey for carnivores, habitat creation for grassland birds and other species, provision of carcasses for scavengers, stimulation of primary production, and opened access to vegetation through snow cover [1,13,14]. Id. at 7.

The forecast for more human development and human intolerance is a decrease in viability and an increase in threats to large mammals like wild bison.

Taken as a whole, the total effects of cumulative stressors operating on wild bison clearly pose a substantial risk to, and raise substantial concern about, the migratory species’ ability to persist within the plan area and beyond.

It is uncertain if the Custer Gallatin will fulfill your duty and affirmatively use your authority to provide enforceable regulatory relief under the National Forest planning rule recognizing wild bison as a species of conservation concern.

In the absence of U.S. Forest Service leadership, the passage of time is likely to complicate and potentially eclipse opportunities to conserve the migratory species in the region, the iconic long distance migrations wild bison are known for, and the wild species’ ability to adapt to and withstand current and predicted stressors on the horizon. DARRELL GEIST DARRELL

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 21 CHAPTER [ 10 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 10. The U.S. Forest Service’s livestock grazing program is a leading source of conflicts with grizzly bears resulting in dead bears, and displaces wild bison, a native species and key grizzly bear food source including within the plan area.

[L]ivestock grazing on public lands continues to be a leading source of conflicts between bears and humans . . . . Yellowstone Grizzly Coordinating Committee Habitat Modeling Team 2010 at 72 (citation omitted).

Grizzly bear range was positively related to occurrence in mountainous ecoregions and the ranges of . . . bison. Mattson & Merrill 2002 at 1123.

Although grizzly bears in other ecosystems consume meat in similar quantities as the GYE, grizzly bears in the GYE are unique in their consumption of bison . . . and in their interactions with wolves to obtain carcasses . . . . U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 82 Fed. Reg. 30502, 30519 (June 30, 2017) (citations omitted).

Meat from ungulates is a high-quality bear food. Because of foraging efficiencies, this is especially true of meat available in large volumes from concentrated sources. Given these two axioms, meat from bison—the largest-bodied of any surviving Holocene ungulates—is predictably of great value to grizzly bears wherever they have access to this food. Because of European-perpetrated extirpations, this no longer occurs anywhere other than in the Yellowstone ecosystem—a 1% remnant of a system that occurred throughout most of the current western United States. Mattson 2017 at 17.

In a brief span of time, European settlers extirpated grizzly bears and bison from 97 percent and 99 percent of their respective ranges. Id. at 2. The Yellowstone ecosystem is the only place where the 30,000-year relationship between grizzly bears and bison continues to evolve. Id. For grizzly bears and bison, the U.S. Forest Service’s livestock grazing program is a leading source of conflict.

In a six-year period, 62 of 260 human-caused Yellowstone grizzly bears deaths involved management removals due to livestock depredation. Haroldson & Frey 2011-2017. Three additional cubs were also lost due to grizzly bear-livestock conflicts. On National Forests, 30 of 62 human-caused grizzly bear deaths were due to conflicts with livestock. Id.

Scientific investigations spanning nearly 60 years affirm the importance of meat to Yellowstone grizzly bears and “specifically the disproportionate importance of meat from bison carcasses.” Mattson 2017 at 1.

Yellowstone’s grizzly bears are increasingly reliant on meat from ungulates because of declines in other important foods. Dramatic increases in conflicts over livestock and hunter-killed elk suggest that grizzlies are more often seeking meat under circumstances that bring them into conflict with humans. The one exception is bison . . . obtained under circumstances that foster survival of involved bears. Id.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 22 Introduced livestock – an on-going source of conflict and subsequent removal of native bison and grizzly bears – are widely distributed and permitted across the Custer Gallatin.

Total livestock grazing allotment acres on the Custer Gallatin: 1,117,456. Percent of the Custer Gallatin allocated for livestock grazing: 36. Percent of the Pine Savanna forest allocated for livestock grazing: 93. Percent of the Montane forest allocated for livestock grazing: 22. Acres of primary rangeland suitable for livestock grazing: 666,233. Number of permitted grazing allotments: 216/199 active. Number of proper functioning riparian habitats within livestock grazing allotments: 185. Number of functional-at-risk riparian habitats within livestock grazing allotments: 70. Number of nonfunctional riparian habitats within livestock grazing allotments: 7. Miles of fencing on active livestock grazing allotments: 2,775. Number of water developments on active livestock grazing allotments: 1,849. Number of permitted mature cows, cows with calves, and yearlings: 36,259. Number of permitted horses: 548. Number of permitted domestic bison: 400. Number of permitted Animal Unit Months: 202,200. An Animal Unit Month: 780 pounds dry weight forage for a 1,000-pound cow for one month. Cost per Animal Unit Month: $1.41.

Custer Gallatin Final Permitted Livestock Grazing Report 2017 at 7, 1, 42, 49, 15, 18, 19-20; Bureau of Land Management 2018.

In comparison and contrast to widely permitted livestock, the Custer Gallatin has permitted the capture of wild bison for slaughter, and erected or permitted barriers that disrupt the wild species’ natural migrations and con- nectivity to habitat within the plan area.

Given that the Interagency Bison Management Plan specifically manages bison to prevent any temporal and spatial contact with livestock, as a participating agency, the Custer Gallatin must know your livestock grazing program is displacing the native species.

A review of plan area maps shows numerous livestock grazing allotments permitted throughout wild bison’s original home range. Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Montane units; Auttelet et al. 2015 Figure 1.1. As a result, native bison have been displaced from a substantial proportion of their home range on National Forest lands.

The Lamar Valley and the Yellowstone River Valley north of the park . . . to Livingston and beyond was an important area for bison and Native peoples throughout the Holocene. This system can be considered the original Northern Range for Yellowstone bison, functioning as an ecological continuum of grasslands that likely supported seasonal migrations by bison as far south as the high elevation ranges in the Upper Lamar Valley. Gates et al. 2005 at 77 (footnotes omitted).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 23 Since the 1990s, the Custer Gallatin’s claimed authority to modify livestock grazing and accommodate bison has been used once. Custer Gallatin Final Permitted Livestock Grazing Report 2017 at 115. This one exception needs to be developed into an enforceable policy to address the legal requirement of native bison diversity in the plan area.

The Custer Gallatin has a successful track record of closing sheep grazing allotments in response to conflicts with grizzly bears. It can do so again and eliminate conflicts with native bison by closing livestock grazing allotments on National Forest lands.

Preferentially managing for livestock displaces wild bison within the plan area and removes a key grizzly bear food at the same time it brings grizzly bears into potential conflict with livestock resulting in dead bears. Mattson 2017 at 16; Haroldson & Frey 2011-2017.

Displacing native bison with domestic livestock limits the “biological suitable” habitat of grizzly bears and the “potential for a self-sustaining population of grizzly bears” in the Yellowstone ecosystem. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 82 Fed. Reg. 30502, 30510 (June 30, 2017).

Traditional food sources such as bison and elk have been reduced and replaced with domestic livestock such as cattle, sheep, chickens, goats, pigs, and bee hives, which can become anthropogenic sources of prey for grizzly bears. Id.

By drawing an arbitrary boundary line in the plan area beyond which bison are killed or removed, managers have also severed an ecological relationship between grizzly bears and native bison that has spanned millennia.

The Yellowstone ecosystem is the only place where the ancient connection between grizzly bears and wild bison continues to evolve. The U.S. Forest Service’s livestock grazing program is a detriment and limiting factor for grizzly bears and bison. The Custer Gallatin needs to develop a policy to close livestock grazing allotments in support of native bison diversity in the plan area. DOUG SMITH DOUG SMITH

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 24 CHAPTER [ 11 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 11. The National Forest planning rule supports listing wild bison as a species of conservation con- cern because the migratory species provides for diversity of plant and animal communities the Na- tional Forest Management Act requires be protected. These key characteristics make bison an ideal focal species to monitor ecosystem integrity.

§ 219.9 Diversity of plant and animal communities. (a)(1) The responsible official shall determine whether or not the plan components required by paragraph (a) of this section provide the ecological conditions necessary to: contribute to the recovery of federally listed threatened and endangered species, conserve proposed and candidate species, and maintain a viable population of each species of conservation concern within the plan area. National Forest planning rule at 21214.

Viable population. A population of a species that continues to persist over the long term with sufficient distribution to be resilient and adaptable to stressors and likely future environments. 36 C.F.R. § 219.19 (2012).

Wild bison shape and influence grassland ecosystem diversity through shared behaviors (rubbing, horning, wallowing) in large migratory herds. Butler 2006 at 451-452. Bison also prevent forests from encroaching into grasslands numerous native species depend on, and act as ecosystem engineers across the landscape.

Bison . . . act as “ecosystem engineers” by creating and responding to heterogeneity across the landscape (Gates et al. 2010). They create greater plant diversity by preferentially feeding on grasses and avoiding some flowering plants, while preventing plant community succession through hoof action and horning or rubbing on trees and shrubs (Meagher 1973; Coppedge and Shaw 1998; Knapp et al. 1999). Their heavy bodies and sharp hooves combine to till the soil and disturb roots of grasses and grass-like plants (Frisina and Mariani 1995). This prevents grassland succession to shrubs or trees and provides grasses with greater access to sunlight, which is important for growth (Knapp et al. 1999). Large groups of bison contribute to natural disturbances that influence plant species composition and distribution across large portions of grasslands and shrub steppe, similar to fire, windthrow, and mass soil erosion events (Augustine and McNaughton 1998; Turner et al. 2003; Collins and Smith 2006; McWethy et al. 2013). Auttelet et al. 2015 at 108.

According to a U.S. Forest Service Fire Effects Information System study, “[f]ire is important in creating and maintaining American bison habitat. Fire regenerates grasslands and enhances production, availability and pal- atability of many American bison forage species.” Tesky 1995.

Tesky’s fire study also found: • Forest fires may also play a role in maintaining sedge-grasslands, important winter habitat for bison. • Intense bison grazing of recently burned habitat may reduce fuel loads and function as firebreaks. • The slaughter and near extinction of bison “may have shortened fire return intervals and increased fire severity during the early settlement period.” • Bison grazing and fire patterns could provide a valuable tool for naturally managing northern mixed-grass prairie.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 25 For grassland streams and their watersheds, “cattle grazing produces significantly higher baseflow suspended sediment concentrations . . . and the substitution of cattle for bison has resulted in degradation of base flow water quality in grassland streams.” Grudzinski 2014. The Custer Gallatin admits cattle are damaging riparian habitats in 70 streams. Custer Gallatin Final Permitted Livestock Grazing Report 2017 at 49. Land managers can no longer ignore bison’s beneficial ecological role in protecting native grassland ecosystem integrity. Grudzinski 2014.

Numerous scientific studies have found substantial evidence of wild bison’s role in contributing to biological diversity, grassland restoration, and ecosystem health. Bison’s keystone ecological roles enrich the abundance and diversity of native species.

Keystone mammal species—grazers such as prairie-dogs (Cynomys spp.) and bison (Bison bison) in western prairies, and dam-building beavers in eastern deciduous forests—played a crucial, and frequently unappreciated, role in maintaining many grassland systems. Askins et al. 2007 at 1.

Like fire, bison grazing reduces aboveground standing dead biomass. But it is now clear that the unique spatial and temporal complexities of bison grazing activities . . . are critical to the successful maintenance of biotic diversity in this grassland. Knapp et al. 1999 at 48.

American bison may accelerate seed dispersal to burned sites because American bison are attracted to recently burned areas. Tesky 1995.

[L]oss of species diversity due to frequent burning was reversed by bison, a keystone herbivore in North American grasslands. Collins et al. 1998 at 745.

[U]ngulates are important agents of change in ecosystems, acting to create spatial heterogeneity, modulate successional processes, and control the switching of ecosystems between alternative states. Hobbs 1996 at 695.

[B]ison urine deposition leads to patches of vegetation having much higher total aboveground plant biomass, root mass and N concentrations. Day & Detling 1990 at 171.

The isolation of several viable AMF [arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi] taxa from bison feces indicates that wide-ranging bison could be a vector for at least some RFLP types among grasslands within YNP. Lekberg et al. 2011 at 1292.

Wallows are a unique ecological feature of prairie ecosystems created by bison. By rolling repeatedly in exposed soil, bison increase soil compaction in certain areas which aids in water retention. In the spring, these wallows produce temporary pools that can support ephemeral wetland species (Uno 1989). In the summer, wallows support a different vegetation structure and composition that is more drought and fire resistant (Collins and Barber 1986). The combined effect of bison wallows is an increase in spatial environmental heterogeneity and local and regional biodiversity (Hartnett et al. 1997). Fallon 2009 at 2-3.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 26 [G]razing and wallowing create specific environments that result in greater plant diversity across the landscape by holding water in depressions, enabling colonization by pioneering plant species, and increasing the diversity and use of areas by other animals (Knapp et al. 1999; Truett et al. 2001; Fuhlendorf et al. 2006). Auttelet et al. 2015 at 107.

Western Chorus Frogs, Pseudacris triseriata, in tallgrass prairie breed in ephemeral aquatic habitats including intermittent streams and bison wallows. Gerlanc & Kaufman 2005 at 254.

The heterogeneous species assemblages of wallows enhance grassland species diversity primarily because wallows increase habitat diversity. Polley & Wallace 1986 at 493.

A bear was more likely to use a bison compared to an elk carcass, and rarely used mule deer. Green et al. 1997 at 1047.

Grizzly bear range in 1850 was positively related to occurrence in mountainous ecoregions and the ranges of oaks (Quercus spp.), pinon pines (Pinus edulis and P. monophylla), whitebark pine (P. albi cau li s ), and bison (Bos bison). Mattson & Merrill 2002 at 1123.

[B]ison, perhaps one of the most important foods of grizzly bears on the Great Plains, were nearly extirpated from 1850 to 1920. Mattson & Merrill 2002 at 1133.

The presence of bison and extensive communities of oaks such as Quercus gambelii or Q. turbinella would also enhance prospects for restoration by providing high quality bear food. Id. at 1135.

An evaluation of the best available scientific information indicates wild bison provide for diversity of plant and animal species the National Forest Management Act requires be protected. These key ecological characteristics also make bison an ideal focal species to “provide insights to the integrity of the larger ecological system.” Com- mittee of Scientists 1999 at 39.

The term ‘‘focal species’’ is defined in the rule as: A small subset of species whose status permits inference to the integrity of the larger ecological system to which it belongs and provides meaningful information regarding the effectiveness of the plan in maintaining or restoring the ecological conditions to maintain the diversity of plant and animal communities in the plan area. Focal species would typically be selected on the basis of their functional role in ecosystems. National Forest planning rule at 21232.

Focal species monitoring provides information regarding the effectiveness of the plan in providing the ecological conditions necessary to maintain the diversity of plant and animal communities and the persistence of native species in the plan area. Id. at 21175.

Accordingly, listing wild bison as a species of conservation concern will ensure the Custer Gallatin’s decisions provide for viability of plant and animal diversity within the plan area. Identifying wild bison as a focal species will also provide insight into grassland ecosystem integrity. Doing so should move the Custer Gallatin in the direction of desired conditions and legal requirements the agency must meet in providing for diversity of plant and animal communities on National Forests in Region 1.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 27 CHAPTER [ 12 ]

Report and rationale supporting an evaluation and listing of American Bison as a species of conservation concern in Region 1. 12. The Custer Gallatin’s proposed action for bison is unreasonable and unacceptable. An alternative is offered in counterbalance to the regulatory threats and stressors American bison are confronted with in the plan area and beyond.

Defining bison through “state-approved tolerance zones” is incompatible with the Custer Gallatin’s authority and duty to manage for wild bison diversity the National Forest Management Act requires. It is unreasonable for the Custer Gallatin to surrender your authority for managing wild bison and their native habitat to Montana’s reg- ulatory intolerance. Given the stressors and threats bison are likely to experience over the life of the next forest plan, the Custer Gallatin’s proposed action for bison is unacceptable.

We propose an alternative for evaluation in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement including a new goal, standard, objectives, guidelines, desired conditions, and monitoring questions for native bison. Custer Gallatin Proposed Action at 52, 53-54, 153. We request our alternative be evaluated for the public’s consideration.

For ease of reference, we rely on the Custer Gallatin’s alpha-numeric identifiers to identify an appropriate action for wild bison on National Forest lands.

Bison (WLBI) Goal (FW-GO-WLBI) 01 The Forest Service engages with state, Federal, Tribal, and willing partners to expand the science of bison ecology, provide for viable native bison populations on National Forest lands, and cooperatively develop strate- gies to manage bison diversity and their habitats to facilitate natural movement, linkage zones, and connectivity.

Standard (FW-STD-WLBI) 01 Manage for viable native bison populations in the plan area.

Objectives (FW-OBJ-WLBI) 01 Implement livestock grazing closures to resolve conflicts in favor of native bison. 02 Develop a wildlife migration corridor program to enhance landscape linkages and connectivity to habitat for native bison.

Guidelines (FW-GDL-WLBI) 01 Management actions should permit native bison to access home ranges. 02 Management actions should maintain or restore landscape linkages and connectivity for native bison. 03 Management actions should favor native bison diversity and closure of livestock grazing allotments to prevent conflict. 04 Management actions should not limit native bison expansion into unoccupied habitat.

Desired Conditions (FW-DC-WLBI) 01 Native bison have access to forage, security, and movement corridors to facilitate connectivity and natural distribution of the species. 02 Educational materials, including signage at trailheads and campgrounds where native bison may occur, are available to help forest users understand bison behavior and avoid potential conflicts.

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 28 Monitoring Questions (MON-WLBI) 01 Are bison utilizing fire-burned habitat on National Forest lands? 02 Are bison contributing to plant and animal diversity on National Forest lands? 03 Are bison contributing to maintaining grasslands on National Forest lands? 04 Are livestock grazing allotments being closed to prevent conflicts with native bison? 05 Are impediments to landscape linkages being removed to maintain or restore connectivity for native bison?

Potential Indicator (IND-WLBI) • Numbers, location, and timing of native bison use of habitat on National Forest lands. • Ecological responses to native bison in fire-burned habitat on National Forest lands. • Ecological responses of plants and animals to native bison on National Forest lands.

Data Sources • Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. • Forest Service. • Tribal biologists, traditional and ecological knowledge. • Scientists.

As a forest wide guideline for wildlife in general, management actions should not create movement barriers to wide-ranging species such as carnivores and wild ungulates. Amending proposed guidelines for wildlife in general (FW-GDL-WLGEN-01).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — REPORT AND RATIONALE 29 SOURCES

Where applicable, pin-point citations are provided in the text for the reader to readily locate record evidence. As part of the signatories’ public comment, an electronic copy of all cited sources will be provided for your reference.

S.M. Adams & A.R. Dood, Background Information on Issues of Concern for Montana: Plains Bison Ecology, Management, and Conservation, (Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT June 2011).

Robert A. Askins, Felipe Chavez-Ramirez, Brenda C. Dale, Carola A. Haas, James R. Herkert, Fritz L. Knopf, & Peter D. Vickery, Conservation of Grassland Birds in North America: Understanding Ecological Processes in Different Regions, 64 Ornithological Monographs 1-46 (2007).

Associated Press, Idaho officials kill 2 bison from Yellowstone National Park, The Oregonian (Portland, OR) (July 30, 2012). http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2012/07/idaho_officials_kill_2_bison_f.html.

Katrina L. Auttelet, Douglas W. Blanton, Amanda M. Bramblett, Chris Geremia, Tim C. Reid, Jessica M. Richards, Tobin W. Roop, Dylan R. Schneider, Angela J. Stewart, John J. Treanor & Jesse R. White, Yellowstone Bison: Conserving an American Icon in Modern Society, (P.J. White, Rick L. Wallen, & David E. Hallac, eds. Yellowstone Association, Yellowstone National Park, 2015).

Katrina L. Auttelet et al., Map depicting Yellowstone National Park and the pre-settlement, mid-20th century and current distribution of Yellowstone bison, Figure 1.1 (2015).

Joel Berger, The Last Mile: How to Sustain Long-Distance Migration in Mammals, 18(2) Conservation Biology 320–331 (April 2004).

Buffalo Field Campaign, Bison and wildlife sightings databases, (2001-2016).

Buffalo Field Campaign, Two Bulls are Dead after Migrating into Idaho, http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org/bfc- news/updates-2016-2017/two-bulls-are-dead-after-migrating-into-idaho (Aug. 10, 2017).

Buffalo Field Campaign, U.S. Department of Agriculture Shoots Wild Bull Bison in Idaho, http://www.buffalofield- campaign.org/archives/media/press0809/pressreleases0809/080509.html (Aug. 5, 2009).

Bureau of Land Management, BLM and Forest Service Announce 2018 Grazing Fee, https://www.blm.gov/press- release/blm-and-forest-service-announce-2018-grazing-fees (Jan. 30, 2018).

David R. Butler, Human-induced changes in animal populations and distributions, and the subsequent effects on fluvial systems, 79 Geomorphology 448-459 (2006).

Robert L. Christiansen, Geology of Yellowstone National Park, The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana, (U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 729-G March 20, 2000).

David A. Christianson, Peter J.P. Gogan, Kevin M. Podruzny & Edward M. Olexa, Incisor wear and age in Yellowstone bison, 33(2) Wildlife Society Bulletin 669-676 (2005).

36 C.F.R. §§ 219.1–219.19 (2012).

Scott L. Collins, Alan K. Knapp, John M. Briggs, John M. Blair & Ernest M. Steinauer, Modulation of Diversity by Grazing and Mowing in Native Tallgrass Prairie, 280(5364) Science New Series 745-747 (1998).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 30 Committee of Scientists, Sustaining the People’s Lands, Recommendations for Stewardship of the National Forests and Grasslands into the Next Century, (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C. Mar. 15, 1999).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Decision Memo, Special Use Permit Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife & Parks – Installation and Maintenance of Fencing for Bison Management, (June 17, 2016).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Draft Assessment Report of Ecological, Social and Economic Conditions on the Custer Gallatin National Forest, (Nov. 2016).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Draft Terrestrial Wildlife Report, (Nov. 29, 2016).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Final Land Status and Ownership, Land Uses, and Access Patterns Report, (Feb. 16, 2017).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Final Permitted Livestock Grazing Report, (Feb. 16, 2017).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Final Terrestrial Wildlife Report, (Feb. 16, 2017).

Custer Gallatin National Forest, Proposed Action–Revised Forest Plan, (Jan. 2018).

Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Bison Management Zones (Figure D6).

Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Bison Management Zones (Figure D7).

Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Bison Management Zones (Figure D8).

Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Montane Units (Map).

Custer Gallatin Grazing Allotments – Pine Savanna Units (Map).

T.A. Day & J.K. Detling, Changes in Grass Leaf Water Relations Following Bison Urine Deposition, 123(1) American Midland Naturalist 171-178 (Jan. 1990).

Timothy Egan, Forest Supervisors Say Politicians Are Asking Them to Cut Too Much, (New York Times, Sept. 16, 1991).

Sylvia Fallon, The ecological importance of bison in mixed-grass prairie ecosystems, (2009).

Fort Hall Business Council, Resolution FHBC-2013-0386, (Mar. 14, 2013).

Curtis H. Freese, Keith E. Aune, Delaney P. Boyd, James N. Derr, Steve C. Forrest, C. Cormack Gates, Peter J.P. Gogan, Shaun M. Grassel, Natalie D. Halbert, Kyran Kunkel & Kent H. Redford, Second chance for the plains bison, 136(2) Biological Conservation 175-184 (2007).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 31 Julie A. Fuller, Robert A. Garrott, P.J. White, Emigration and Density Dependence in Yellowstone Bison, 71(6) Journal of Wildlife Management 1924-1933 (2007).

Gallatin National Forest, Decision Memo, Special Use Permit Amendment, Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife & Parks – Installation and Maintenance of Fencing on National Forest System (NFS) Lands (April 15, 2011).

Gallatin National Forest, Special Use Permit, Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife & Parks – Installation and Maintenance of Fencing on National Forest System (NFS) Lands (Dec. 4, 2009).

Florence Marie Gardipee, Development of Fecal DNA Sampling Methods to Assess Genetic Population Structure of Greater Yellowstone Bison, (unpublished Thesis, University of Montana, May 2007).

Florence M. Gardipee, Richard L. Wallen, Michael P. O’Brien, Gordon Luikart & Fred W. Allendorf, Strong substructure of Greater Yellowstone Area bison revealed by mitochondrial DNA from fecal samples, (The University of Montana and National Park Service, June 2008).

C. Cormack Gates, Brad Stelfox, Tyler Muhly, Tom Chowns & Robert J. Hudson, The Ecology of Bison Movements and Distribution in and beyond Yellowstone National Park, A Critical Review with Implications for Winter Use and Transboundary Population Management, (Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, April 2005).

Darrell Geist & Michael S. Mease, Personal observations of wild bison in the upper Gallatin River Valley.

Chris Geremia, Rick Wallen & P.J. White, Population Dynamics and Adaptive Management of Yellowstone Bison, (Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service, Aug. 5, 2014).

Chris Geremia, Rick Wallen & P.J. White, Status Report on the Yellowstone Bison Population, (Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service, Sept. 2017).

Chris Geremia, P.J. White, Rick L. Wallen, Fred G.R. Watson, John J. Treanor, John Borkowski, Christopher S. Potter & Robert L. Crabtee, Predicting Bison Migration out of Yellowstone National Park Using Bayesian Models, 6(2) PLoS ONE e16848 (Feb. 2011).

Nicole M. Gerlanc & Glennis A. Kaufman, Habitat of Origin and Changes in Water Chemistry Influence Development of Western Chorus Frogs, 39(2) Journal of Herpetology 254-265 (June 2005).

Peter J.P. Gogan, Kevin M. Podruzny, Edward M. Olexa, Helga Ihsle Pac & Kevin L. Frey, Yellowstone Bison Fetal Development and Phenology of Parturition, 69(4) Journal of Wildlife Management 1716-1730 (2005).

Gerald I. Green, David J. Mattson & James M. Peek, Spring Feeding on Ungulate Carcasses by Grizzly Bears in Yellowstone National Park, 61(4) The Journal of Wildlife Management 1040-1055 (Oct. 1997).

Bartosz Piotr Grudzinski, Influence of Watershed Grazing Management on Stream Geomorphology in Grassland Headwater Streams, (Unpublished Dissertation, Kansas State University, 2014).

Patricia H. Gude, Andrew J. Hansen & Danielle A. Jones, Biodiversity Consequences of Alternative Future Land Use Scenarios in Greater Yellowstone, 17(4) Ecological Applications 1004-1018 (2007).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 32 Natalie D. Halbert, Peter J.P. Gogan, Philip W. Hedrick, Jacquelyn M. Wahl & James N. Derr, Genetic Population Substructure in Bison at Yellowstone National Park, Journal of Heredity, Advance Access published (Feb. 8, 2012).

Natalie D. Halbert, Peter J.P. Gogan, Philip W. Hedrick, Jacquelyn M. Wahl & James N. Derr, Yellowstone Bison Genetics: Let Us Move Forward, 103(5) Journal of Heredity 754-755, Advance Access published (Aug. 21, 2012).

Andrew Hansen, Climate change has big implications for Yellowstone region, Bozeman Daily Chronicle (Bozeman, MT) (July 19, 2016) https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/opinions/guest_columnists/cli- mate-change-has-big-implications-for-yellowstone-region/article_5a8ef009-b87a-5357-ad18-d3773878821d.html.

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin L. Frey, Documented Grizzly Bear Mortalities in the GYE and Estimated Percent Mortality for the Demographic Monitoring Area, at 30-36, (Frank T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson & B. E. Karabensh eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2016: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2017).

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin L. Frey, Documented Grizzly Bear Mortalities in the GYE and Estimated Percent Mortality for the Demographic Monitoring Area, at 29-37, (F. T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson & B. E. Karabensh eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2015: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2016).

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin Frey, Estimating Sustainability of Annual Grizzly Bear Mortalities, at 26-30, (F. T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson & S.C. Soileau eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2014: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2015).

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin Frey, Estimating Sustainability of Annual Grizzly Bear Mortalities, at 27-31, (F. T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson, K. West & S.C. Soileau eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2013: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2014).

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin Frey, Estimating Sustainability of Annual Grizzly Bear Mortalities, at 24-30, (F. T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson & K. West eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2012: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2013).

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin Frey, Estimating Sustainability of Annual Grizzly Bear Mortalities, at 23-28, (F. T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson & K. West eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2011: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2012).

Mark A. Haroldson & Kevin Frey, Estimating Sustainability of Annual Grizzly Bear Mortalities, at 21-26, (C.C. Schwartz, M. A. Haroldson & K. West eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2010: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2011).

Philip W. Hedrick, Conservation Genetics and North American Bison (Bison bison), 100(4) Journal of Heredity 411-420 (2009).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 33 N. Thompson Hobbs, Modification of Ecosystems by Ungulates, 60(4) The Journal of Wildlife Management 695-713 (Oct. 1996).

Idaho Code § 25-618 (2017). https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title25/T25CH6/SECT25-618/.

In re Steuart Transp. Co., 495 F. Supp. 38 (E.D. Va. 1980).

Interagency Bison Management Plan Members, Operating Procedures for the Interagency Bison Management Plan, (Dec. 16, 2016).

Craig Jourdonnais, Winter Range Assessment for Bison in the Upper Gallatin River Drainage, (Draft, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Jan. 20, 2006).

Kleppe v. New Mexico, 426 U.S. 529 (1976).

Alan K. Knapp, John M. Blair, John M. Briggs, Scott L. Collins, David C. Hartnett, Loretta C. Johnson & E. Gene Towne, The Keystone Role of Bison in North American Tallgrass Prairie, Bison increase habitat heterogeneity and alter a broad array of plant, community, and ecosystem processes, 49(1) BioScience 39-50 (1999).

Zachary L. Lancaster, Restraining Yellowstone’s Roaming Bison, 20(2) Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 423-450 (Spring 2005).

Ylva Lekberg, James Meadow, Jason R. Rohr, Dirk Redecker & Catherine A. Zabinski, Importance of dispersal and thermal environment for mycorrhizal communities: lessons from Yellowstone National Park, 92(6) Ecology 1292-1302 (2011).

Tom Lemke, Bison Habitat Evaluation East of the Yellowstone River from Dome Mountain to YNP, (Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Feb. 14, 2006).

Tom Lemke, Wildlife Habitat and Wildlife Use on and Near the Royal Teton Ranch, (Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, July 7, 1997).

Dean Lueck, The Extermination and Conservation of the American Bison, 31(2) The Journal of Legal Studies S609-S652 (June 2002).

David J. Mattson, Grizzly Bears & Ungulates in the Yellowstone Ecosystem, 5 Natural History of Grizzly Bears 1-20 (2017).

David J. Mattson & Troy Merrill, Extirpations of Grizzly Bears in the Contiguous United States, 1850-2000, 16(4) Conservation Biology 1123-1136 (Aug. 2002).

Margaret M. Meagher, The Bison of Yellowstone National Park, (National Park Service, Scientific Monograph Series Number One 1973).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 34 Mont. Code Ann. § 81-2-120 (2017). http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0810/chapter_0020/part_0010/ section_0200/0810-0020-0010-0200.html.

Mont. Code Ann. § 81-2-121 (2017). http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0810/chapter_0020/part_0010/section_0210/0810-0020-0010-0210.html.

Mont. Const. art. 2 § 3. http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0000/article_0020/part_0010/section_0030/0000-0020-0010-0030.html.

Montana Dept. of Livestock, Recommended Adjustment to the Adaptive Management Plan for the Interagency Bison Management Plan (IBMP), (June 3, 2013).

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and Montana Dept. of Livestock, Draft Joint Environmental Assessment, Year-round Habitat for Yellowstone Bison, (July 2013).

Montana Governor Steve Bullock, Erratum, Decision Notice, Year-round Habitat for Yellowstone Bison Environmental Assessment, (June 14, 2016).

State of Montana v. Rathbone, 110 Mont. 225, 100 P.2d 86, 1940 Mont. LEXIS 84.

Montana Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Resolution (May 1, 2012).

Moore Information, Inc., February 23-24, 2011 telephone interviews among a representative sample of 400 registered Montana voters statewide, commissioned by the National Wildlife Federation http://www.nwf.org/ Wildlife/What-We-Do/Wildlife-Conservation/Bison-Restoration.aspx.

National Forest Management Act of 1976, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1600 et seq.

M. Nie, C. Barns, J. Haber, J. Joly, K. Pitt & S. Zellmer, Fish and Wildlife Management on Federal Lands: Debunking State Supremacy, (June 14, 2017 Draft version to be published in 47(4) Environmental Law (2017)).

Martin Nie & Emily Schembra, The Important Role of Standards in National Forest Planning, Law, and Management, 44 Environmental Law Review 10281-10298 (2014).

Edward M. Olexa & Peter J.P. Gogan, Spatial Population Structure of Yellowstone Bison, 71(5) The Journal of Wildlife Management 1531-1538 (2007).

Glenn E. Plumb, P.J. White, Michael B. Coughenour & Rick L. Wallen, Carrying capacity, migration, and dispersal in Yellowstone bison, 142 Biological Conservation 2377-2387 (2009).

H. Wayne Polley & Linda L. Wallace, The Relationship of Plant Species Heterogeneity to Soil Variation in Buffalo Wallows, 31(4) The Southwestern Naturalist 493-501 (Nov. 10, 1986).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 35 Eric W. Sanderson, Kent H. Redford, Bill Weber, Keith Aune, Dick Baldes, Joel Berger, Dave Carter, Charles Cur- tin, James Derr, Steve Dobrott, Eva Fearn, Craig Fleener, Steve Forrest, Craig Gerlach, C. Cormack Gates, John E. Gross, Peter Gogan, Shaun Grassel, Jodi A. Hilty, Marv Jensen, Kyran Kunkel, Duane Lammers, Rurik List, Karen Minkowski, Tom Olson, Chris Pague, Paul B. Robertson & Bob Stephenson, The Ecological Future of the North American Bison: Conceiving Long-Term, Large-Scale Conservation of Wildlife, 22(2) Conservation Biology 252-266 (2008).

Courtney A. Schultz, Thomas D. Sisk, Barry R. Noon & Martin A. Nie,Wildlife Conservation Planning Under the United States Forest Service’s 2012 Planning Rule, 77(3) The Journal of Wildlife Management 428-444 (Apr. 2013).

Science Daily, New National Survey Says Public Reveres Bison, (Nov. 29, 2008). National survey of 2,000 Americans commissioned by the Wildlife Conservation Society https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/ 11/081118131857.htm.

Mark L. Shaffer & Bruce A. Stein, Safeguarding Our Precious Heritage, ch. 11 (Bruce A. Stein, Lynn S. Kutner & Jonathan S. Adams eds., Precious Heritage, The Status of Biodiversity in the United States, Oxford University Press 2000).

South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan, (2014).

South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Species of Greatest Conservation Need List for SD Comprehensive Plan, (Feb. 8, 2007).

William R. Swilling, Bison Effects Report, Watkins-South Fork Allotment Renewal, (Gallatin National Forest, Hebgen Lake Ranger District, Mar. 2011).

Julie L. Tesky, Bos bison. In: Fire Effects Information System, (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, 1995) http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/ mammal/bobi/all.html.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bison bison, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/2815/0#threats (Sept. 1, 2016).

Tulchin Research, Poll Finds Strong Support for Protecting Bison in Montana, (Jan. 7, 2015). December 17-21, 2014, survey of 500 registered Montana voters commissioned by Defenders of Wildlife.

U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Establishment of a Nonessential Experimental Population of Wood Bison in Alaska, 79 Fed. Reg. 26175 (May 7, 2014).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 36 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Removing the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Population of Grizzly Bears from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, 82 Fed. Reg. 30502 (June 30, 2017).

U.S. Forest Service, Areas by Region, Table 3, (Oct. 17, 2015).

U.S. Forest Service, Gallatin National Forest, Gallatin Forest Plan, 1987 as Amended through November 2015, (Dec. 1, 2015).

U.S. Forest Service, National and Regional Areas Summary, Table 1, (Oct. 17, 2015).

U.S. Forest Service, National Forest System Land Management Planning, Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, (Jan. 2012).

U.S. Forest Service, National Forest System Land Management Planning, Final Rule and Record of Decision, 77 Fed. Reg. 21162 (Apr. 9, 2012).

U.S. Forest Service, Region 2, Deputy Regional Forester Antoine L. Dixon, Proposed Changes to the Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species List, (Apr. 7, 2011).

U.S. Forest Service, Region 2, Regional TES Species Program Leader Nancy Warren, American Bison R2 Individual Species Recommendations, (Apr. 1, 2011).

U.S. Forest Service, Region 2, Regional TES Species Program Leader Nancy Warren, American Bison R2 Individual Species Recommendations, (Apr. 29, 2011).

U.S. Forest Service, Shoshone National Forest, Forest Supervisor Joseph G. Alexander, Reply to Proposed Changes to the Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species List, (May 2, 2011).

U.S. Forest Service, Summary of the Preferred Alternative for the Land Management Planning Rule, (Jan. 25, 2012).

Rick Wallen, Current and Predicted Habitat in the Gardiner Basin, (National Park Service Nov. 2012), Current and Predicted Habitat in Hebgen Basin, (National Park Service June 2012) (Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and Montana Dept. of Livestock, Draft Joint Environmental Assessment, Year-round Habitat for Yellowstone Bison, Appendix D (July 2013)).

Respondents’ Reply Brief in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment, Western Watersheds Project v. State of Montana, (Mont. 18th Dist., Gallatin Co. Sept. 27, 2012) (No. DV–10–317A).

Defendants’ Answer to Complaint, Western Watersheds Project v. Salazar, 766 F. Supp. 2d 1095 (D. Mont. Mar. 10, 2011) (No. 9:09–cv–00159–DWM).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 37 Patrick J. White & Rick L. Wallen, Yellowstone Bison–Should We Preserve Artificial Population Substructure or Rely on Ecological Processes?, 103(5) Journal of Heredity 751-753 Advance Access published (Aug. 23, 2012).

Charles F. Wilkinson, Indian Tribal Rights and the National Forests: The Case of the Aboriginal Lands of the Nez Perce Tribe, 34 Idaho Law Review 435-463 (1998).

Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Brucellosis Management Action Plan for Bison using the Absaroka Management Area, (May 20, 2008).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 23-1-302 (2017). http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/wystatutes/.

Wyoming v. United States, 279 F.3d 1214 (2002).

Yellowstone Grizzly Coordinating Committee Habitat Modeling Team, Grizzly Bear Habitat Monitoring Report, Greater Yellowstone Area National Forests and National Parks, 72-92 Appendix E, (July 2010) (S. Podruzny, K. Gunther & T. Wyman eds., Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2009: Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Geological Survey 2010).

Yellowstone Resources & Issues, History of the Park (2010).

BUFFALO FIELD CAMPAIGN — SOURCES 38