Guided Extension of Reading Skills Through Literature

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Guided Extension of Reading Skills Through Literature DOCUMENT RESUME ED 036 401 RE 002 364 TITLE READING FOE THE GIFTED: GUIDED EXTENSION OF READING SKILLS THROUGH LITERATURE. PART IV. INSTITUTION LOS ANGELES CITY SCHOOLS, CALIF. DIV: OF INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING AND SERVICES. REPORT NO EC-132 PUB DATE 69 NOTE 111P. ELKS PRICE EDRS PRICE MF-$0.50 HC-$5.65 DESCRIPTORS *ADVANCED STUDENTS, *CRITICAL READING, FICTION, GIFTED, HISTORY, LITERATURE GUIDES, *READING INSTRUCTION, READING MATERIALS, *READING SKILLS, SUPERIOR STUDENTS, TEACHING GUIDES ABSTRACT THIS INSTRUCTIONAL BULLETIN IS DESIGNED TO ASSIST TEACHERS IN WHOSE CLASSES ARE ONE OR MORE GIFTED PUPILS WHO ARE READING ABOVE GRADE LEVEL. THE BOOKS DISCUSSED HAVE BEEN CHOSEN, AND THE INSTRUCTIONAL BULLETIN DEVELOPED, SPECIFICALLY FOR USE WITH GIFTED PUPILS AT GRADES 5 AND 6. THIS BULLETIN PROVIDES GUIDANCE FOR THE STUDY OF HISTORICAL FACT AND FICTION IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE.. SYNOPSES ARE PROVIDED FOR THE 20 BOOKS COMPRISING THIS UNIT, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR LEADING DISCUSSICNS ON CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT, PLOT DEVELOPMENT, ELEMENTS OF STYLE, UTILIZATION OF HISTORY AS BACKGROUND, AND THE AUTHCE ARE PROVIDED. REFERENCES ARE INCLUDED. (NH/AUTHOR) ApINOFOR THE GIFT GUIDED-XTENSION OF:READINGSKIjes LITE RA lilt: RtAI;IH;:t0. FROM , VNIOf ,, AiSECERItOOROPiR1014 Offl000f-DkitAl0- -, EXAOit.1 OfVif*00:10, _%, , ki''REQROOOCO010.0ff10-9f Ai0001,-10' AlOt0t titC00,:i -14filSOTOit:,OROLAIiltA101:talOAAAiRAG1001N1- OR.:0.1O'i..., SIN0'P0;01lilON S ANGELES CITY C1-160-1. _biSiisiOri*.c;t1n4ruttiondl'PlOniiiiig find . Instructional 9' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4) f4\ This publication represents the thinking and the work of many persons; among them the members of the following curriculum committees: Division of Instructional Planning and Services Committee on the Gifted Cyril Battison Willard Johnson Marion Beller Gloria Kalnay Elma Brown Karle Lindstrom Katherine Daly Faye Miller Thelma Epley Ida Mulock Mildred Frary Jewelle Pitts Elaine Gourley William Richard Eugene White Reading Committee, K-6 Beatrice Cadwell Rudolph Holguin Richard Clower Tom Jefferson Alice Curtis Gloria Kalnay Joan Downey Sam Marchese Rena Everly Pat Memsic Helen Fisher Arlene Morris Evelyn Florio Alice Pitcher Verna French Virginia Powers Frances Gaebke Duke Saunders Sharon Gould George Sperry Charlotte Hoffert Irene Watson Also, the contributions to the development of the publication ofthe following Division of Elementary Education academic supervisors aregratefully acknowledged: Grace Barnett Samuel Marchese Marion Beller Richard Mix Joan Downey Duke Saunders Allison Hocking Joe Thompson, Jr. Irene Watson The project could not have been completed without the helpfulcooperation of Mildred Frary, Supervisor in Charge, Library Section; IdaEmilie Cornwell, Supervisor, Elementary Library Services; Margaret Miller, Supervisor, Elementary Libraries; and Sylvia von Boenigk, Library Coordinator. The library section also assisted with the selection of the booksand, supplied all teacher background information on the authors and illustrators of this series. The assistance of Virginia Belle Lowers and WilliamRosch, English Supervisors, Secondary Curriculum Section, is acknowledged with gratitude. The technical information they provided contributed substantially to thesuccessful completion of the project. Acknowledgment is made of the contribution of Alice Curtis, Virginia Lester, and Karle Lindstrom, who pioneered the approach to a study of this type in their manuscript for Reading for the Gifted, Part I. Special recognition is given to VIRGINIA LESTER, who applied her understanding of gifted children to the initial writing of this publication, and developed the charts found in the appendix. Special acknowledgment is made of the contribution of JEWELLE PITTS, who prepared the manuscript while serving as a temporary consultant in the Curriculum Branch. Her knowledge of literature skills and the needs, abilities, and capacities of gifted children is evidenced throughout this publication. Appreciation also is given to LEROY E. CHRISTENSEN, who helped to organize the publication into its present format. Grateful acknowledgment and sincere appreciation are expressed toMILLARD BLACK, former Reading Supervisor who was responsible for the initiationand development of this project, Reading for the Gifted, Part IV, a studyof literature through historical writings. MARCELLA T. JOHNSON Elementary Reading Supervisor NORMAN H. ROSSELL Director, Elementary Curriculum FRANK M. HODGSON Assistant Superintendent Instructional Planning Branch APPROVED: ROBERT J. PURDY Associate Superintendent Division of Elementary Education MILDRED NASLUND Associate Superintendent Division of Instructional Planningand Services iv READING FOR THE GIFTED PUPIL This instructional bulletin, Readingfor the Gifted: Guided Extension of Reading Skills Through Literature, is designedto assist teachers in whose classes are one or more gifted pupilswho are reading above grade level. The books discussed have been chosen, andthe instructional bulletin developed, specifically for use with gifted pupilsat grades five and six. Other groupings of materials are available for pupilsin-other grades. The goals of reading instruction for the giftedchild are basically thesame as for the pupil of any other degree of ability. His potential differentiates him from pupils of lower ability inat least two major ways: the quality of the learning of which he is capable, and thespeed with which it is possible for him to learn. The gifted pupilmay differ from the normal pupil in the nature of his reading needs, also; as his maturing mentalityand ability increase the depth and breadth of his intellectualinterests, his needs for many superior skills are demonstrated. Many gifted pupils can benefit from instructionfrom a basal reader. This is particularly true of pupils whoare reading below grade levelor no more than one year above grade placement.However, pupils who are reading two or more levels above the grade to which theyare assigned may derive more profit from the use of other kinds ofmaterials; and it is recommendedthat they receive instruction from literarymaterials other thana basal reader. Word recognition skills, other thanthe extension of vocabulary, should receive minimal attention. If there is need for improvement ofword recog- nition skills, materials specifically designedfor such development should be used. Children's literature appropriateto the interests of pupils comprisinga particular reading groupmay be used to develop many advanced reading skills. Pupils may be taught to: Understand various literary types Analyze the motives of fictional characters Follow the development of plot, recognize theme,and interpret mood Analyze the author's purpose, his organization,his personality, and his style Understand various types of poetry and analyzeverse and stanza forms Understand figurative language, symbolism, implications,theme or central purpose, and tone Gain insight into human behavior Observe and understand the influences of environmenton character Evaluate the conduct of realor fictional people on the basis of accepted standards of behavior Skills of critical thinking can be developed through the study of literature and various resource books. Interest can be stimulated, and knowledge and understanding can be developed in history, science, and the arts through the use of the literature of these content areas in reading instruction. This instructional bulletin provides guidance for the study of historical fact and fiction in children's literature. It is believed that maximum benefit will derive from following the plan presented. Synopses are pro- vided of all the books which comprise this unit of study, as well as suggestions for leading discussions of the books, as they are read. vi PURPOSES . the central meaning of his experience with literature,the thing which will keep him reading, is finding kinship withmen of all periods of time and of many different cultures, and his understandingof their search for answers to problems he recognizes as his own."- Mary ElizabethFowlerl I. TO RECOGNIZE HISTORICAL LITERATURE AS AN INTERPRETATIONOF LIFE To gain insight into human behavior, througha study of literature: by empathizing with persons ofmany types by meeting vicariously people from other environmentsand cultures by noting how persons cope with problems of survivalin early times by identifying traits helpful in crises by developing an acceptance of differences in people by estimating the influenceone person may have on another To observe the influence of environmenton character, through a study of historical literature: by noting the successes and failures whichstem from environmental conditions by recognizing personal responsibility for behavior,regardless of circumstances To value the knowledge of early civilization and its impacton present day life: by recognizing the common needs ofman through the study of beginning culture by recognizing that a higher standard of living dependsupon effective productive processes by recognizing that cultures "overlap" and gainstature as they assimilate the knowledge, attitude, and skills of peoples who preceded them by recognizing the impact of prevailing religious beliefs and philosophy upon a civilization Nary ElizabethFowler, Teaching Language, Composition, and Literature. (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1965.) vii by developing a sensitivityto other times and places - learning to relate oneself easily to other periodsof time, as in the history of Egypt - recognizing differences in cultures of early timesas
Recommended publications
  • The Epic of Gilgamesh Humbaba from His Days Running Wild in the Forest
    Gilgamesh's superiority. They hugged and became best friends. Name Always eager to build a name for himself, Gilgamesh wanted to have an adventure. He wanted to go to the Cedar Forest and slay its guardian demon, Humbaba. Enkidu did not like the idea. He knew The Epic of Gilgamesh Humbaba from his days running wild in the forest. He tried to talk his best friend out of it. But Gilgamesh refused to listen. Reluctantly, By Vickie Chao Enkidu agreed to go with him. A long, long time ago, there After several days of journeying, Gilgamesh and Enkidu at last was a kingdom called Uruk. reached the edge of the Cedar Forest. Their intrusion made Humbaba Its ruler was Gilgamesh. very angry. But thankfully, with the help of the sun god, Shamash, the duo prevailed. They killed Humbaba and cut down the forest. They Gilgamesh, by all accounts, fashioned a raft out of the cedar trees. Together, they set sail along the was not an ordinary person. Euphrates River and made their way back to Uruk. The only shadow He was actually a cast over this victory was Humbaba's curse. Before he was beheaded, superhuman, two-thirds god he shouted, "Of you two, may Enkidu not live the longer, may Enkidu and one-third human. As king, not find any peace in this world!" Gilgamesh was very harsh. His people were scared of him and grew wary over time. They pleaded with the sky god, Anu, for his help. In When Gilgamesh and Enkidu arrived at Uruk, they received a hero's response, Anu asked the goddess Aruru to create a beast-like man welcome.
    [Show full text]
  • From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
    REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies.
    [Show full text]
  • D I V I N a T I O N Culture a N D the H a N D L I N G of The
    Originalveröffentlichung in: G. Leick (Hrsg), The Babylonian World, New York/London, 2007, S. 361-372 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULTURE AND THE HANDLING OF THE FUTURE Stefan M. Maul n omen is a clearly defined perception understood as a sign pointing to future A events whenever it manifests itself under identical circumstances. The classification of a perception as ominous is based on an epistemological development which establishes a normative relationship between the perceived and the future. This classification process is preceded by a period of detailed examination and is thus initially built on empirical knowledge. Omina only cease to be detected empirically when a firm conceptual link has been established between the observed and the future which then allows omina to be construed by the application of regularities. In the Mesopotamian written sources from the first and second millennia BC, omina based on regularities far exceed those based on empirical data. Mesopotamian scholars generally collected data without formally expressing the fundamental principles behind their method. It was the composition of non-empirical omina as such which allowed students to detect the regularities on which they were based without this formulated orally or in writing. Modern attempts at a systematic investigation of such principles however, are still outstanding. It is interesting that there is no Sumerian or Akkadian equivalent for the terms 'oracle' or 'omen'. Assyriologists use the term omen for the sentence construction 'if x then y' which consists of a main clause beginning with summa ('if') describing the ominous occurence, and a second clause which spells out the predicted outcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Mississippi Standards and Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations
    Part 3 Chapter 12: Mississippi Standards and Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations Rule 12.1. Introduction to the Standards Mississippi history dates back to over 12,000 years ago. The vast majority of that history is unwritten and becomes known only through the archaeological record. Most often, archaeological investigations in Mississippi occur in response to federal and state laws that protect archaeological resources. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History, serving as the Mississippi State Historic Preservation Office (MSSHPO), developed these Standards to provide a framework for those activities, as well as guidance for non-regulatory archaeological studies. In accordance with MS Code § 39-7- 21 (2013), the Board of Trustees adopted the following standards to guide archaeological excavations in Mississippi. These Standards replace the “Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations and Reports in Mississippi” established in 2001, and as amended in 2012. Since that date, there have been many technological advances, advances in archaeological method and theory, and reevaluation of archaeological practices and procedures in Mississippi. These Standards will reflect those. The Standards reflect various goals for Mississippi archaeology: 1. Ensure that archaeological studies meet high professional research standards. 2. Identify important archaeological sites that contribute to our understanding of Mississippi’s pre-contact and post-contact history. 3. Protect important archaeological sites, or when appropriate, gain information. 4. Provide significant public benefits. 5. Develop sound and reasoned public policy on regulatory archaeology. 6. Keep archaeological studies as cost effective as possible. 7. Increase creativity and flexibility in the conduct of archaeological studies. Archaeology in Mississippi must result in significant public benefit.
    [Show full text]
  • Library Basics -. | Óbudai Egyetem Könyvtára
    Emilia Kosa Using the Library – Library basics /KVT-EN-01/ 2018 EFOP-3.4.3-16-2016-00023 Az Óbudai Egyetem komplex intézményi fejlesztései a felsőfokú oktatás minőségének és hozzáférhetőségének együttes javítása érdekében Contents 1. History of Libraries ...................................................................................................................4 1.1 Prehistoric age and the Ancient world ................................................................................................................ 4 1.1.1 Cave paintings .................................................................................................................4 1.1.2 First written memories .....................................................................................................4 1.2 Middle Ages and Renaissance ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2.1 Middle Ages ....................................................................................................................7 1.2.2 Renaissance .....................................................................................................................7 1.3 From Baroque until 20th century ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Baroque and Enlightenment ............................................................................................8 1.3.2 From the 19th century ......................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Textual and Visual Discourse in Ashurbanipal's North Palace
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Representations of Royal Power: Textual and Visual Discourse in Ashurbanipal’s North Palace Cojocaru, Gabriela Augustina Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-135476 Dissertation Originally published at: Cojocaru, Gabriela Augustina. Representations of Royal Power: Textual and Visual Discourse in Ashur- banipal’s North Palace. 2016, University of Zurich / University of Bucharest, Faculty of Theology. University of Bucharest, Faculty of History History Doctoral School PhD Thesis in Ancient History and Archaeology Gabriela Augustina Cojocaru Representations of Royal Power: Textual and Visual Discourse in Ashurbanipal’s North Palace Advisor: Prof. Dr. Gheorghe Vlad Nistor Referents: Prof. Dr. Christoph Uehlinger (University of Zurich) Prof. Dr. Miron Ciho (University of Bucharest) Prof. Dr. Lucretiu Birliba (Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi) President of the committee: Prof. Dr. Antal Lukacs (University of Bucharest) Bucharest 2015 Contents List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ iii List of Plates .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Archaeology (On Transhumance Alui Pastoralism) 15
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 17 January 2011 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: D¡azAndreu,Margarita (2010) 'Grahame Clark and Spain.', in Grahame Clark and his legacy. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 205-240. Further information on publisher's website: http://www.c-s-p.org/yers/Grahame-Clark-and-His-Legacy1-4438-2222-1.htm Publisher's copyright statement: Published with permission of Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk GRAHAME CLARK AND SPAIN MARGARITA DfAZ-ANDREU Abstract This article explores how Grahame Clark's archaeology was received in Spain on the basis of the correspondence sent to three of the most important archaeologists of Francoist Spain (1936/39-1975). Julio Martinez Santa-Olalla (1905-1972). Luis Pericot Garcia (1899-1978) and Martin Almagro Basch (1911-1984).
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Abstracts
    PAPER ABSTRACTS Plenary Address Eric H. Cline (The George Washington University), “Dirt, Digging, Dreams, and Drama: Why Presenting Proper Archaeology to the Public is Crucial for the Future of Our Field” We seem to have forgotten that previous generations of Near Eastern archaeologists knew full well the need to bring their work before the eyes of the general public; think especially of V. Gordon Childe, Sir Leonard Woolley, Gertrude Bell, James Henry Breasted, Yigael Yadin, Dame Kathleen Kenyon, and a whole host of others who lectured widely and wrote prolifically. Breasted even created a movie on the exploits of the Oriental Institute, which debuted at Carnegie Hall and then played around the country in the 1930s. The public was hungry for accurate information back then and is still hungry for it today. And yet, with a few exceptions, we have lost sight of this, sacrificed to the goal of achieving tenure and other perceived institutional norms, and have left it to others to tell our stories for us, not always to our satisfaction. I believe that it is time for us all— not just a few, but as many as possible—to once again begin telling our own stories about our findings and presenting our archaeological work in ways that make it relevant, interesting, and engaging to a broader audience. We need to deliver our findings and our thoughts about the ancient world in a way that will not only attract but excite our audiences. Our livelihoods, and the future of the field, depend upon it, for this is true not only for our lectures and writings for the general public but also in our classrooms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annals of Sennacherib Known Singularly As the Sennacherib
    The Annals of Sennacherib Known singularly as the Sennacherib prism or by its contents as the Annals of Sennacherib, three nearly identical inscribed hexagonal clay prisms share the same account of Sennacherib king of Assyria’s eight military campaigns: the Taylor Prism (British Museum), Oriental Institute Prism (Oriental Institute of Chicago) and Jerusalem Prism (Israel Museum in Jerusalem). Son of king Sargon II, Sennacherib (Akkadian: Sin-akhkheeriba, reign: 705 – 681 B.C.) received an Assyrian empire that extended westward to include Babylonia, to the border of Egypt and part of Asia Minor. Beset by the influences of rising chieftains, Sennacherib spent much of his time reasserting control over his vassal states Babylon and Judah. Besides his military success, Sennacherib would be known for his building construction of his capital city Nineveh. Taylor Prism Oriental Institute Prism Jerusalem Prism Height 38.1 cm (15 in) 38 cm (15 in) 31 cm (12.25 in) Width (max) 16.51 cm (6.5 in) 14 cm (5.5 in) 17 cm (6.75 in) Width (min) 8.57 cm (3.5 in) Recovery Location Tell Nab ī Y ūnus (modern Tell Kouyunjik (modern day Ancient Nineveh (modern day Mosul Iraq) Mosul Iraq) day: Mosul Iraq) Made approximately around 690 B.C., all six sides of the hexagonal prism were inscribed with Assyrian cuneiform totaling some 500 lines. Significant to the Bible is Sennacherib’s third military campaign (701 B.C.) in which the Assyrian army, while suppressing Judah, besieges king Hezekiah in Jerusalem. In response to Hezekiah’s rebellion (2 Ki 18:7), Sennacherib seizes Judah by destroying its cities and deporting its surviving Jews.
    [Show full text]
  • Master's in Heritage Management Department of Anthropology, CAS
    Proposal for the Master of Arts in Heritage Management September 2013 Proposal for a New Degree Program: Master’s in Heritage Management Department of Anthropology, CAS University of Hawai`i at Hilo DRAFT- Not to be cited or distributed without permission 1 Proposal for the Master of Arts in Heritage Management Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 5 2. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................. 6 3. PROGRAM NEED AND JUSTIFICATION .................................................................... 7 4 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 9 4.1 General Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Program learning objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 10 5. HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ........................................ 11 5.1 Admission Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 11 5.2 Minimum Credits ..............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Honor of Biblical Archaeology Assignments Guide
    Honor of Biblical Archaeology Assignments Guide **Google and Wikipedia are good websites to make all of these assignments** Assignment 7 Report on 20 important archaeological events by: (Pick 1 out of 4 option) a. Writing a two‐page research report b. Illustrating a detailed timeline c. Creating a PowerPoint presentation d. Talking to your director about the details of each of the 20 events (around 3 minutes each one) This is a good option !! Recommended Options: 1. The Discovery of Tutankhamen’s Tomb, Egypt 2. Translation of the Rosetta Stone, North Egypt 3. Ebla Tablets, Egypt 4. Machu Picchu, Peru 5. Sutton Hoo, England 6. The tomb of the First Emperor, China 7. Akrotiri, Greece 8. Pompeii and Herculaneum, Italy 9. Nazca Lines, Peru 10. Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt 11. The Discovery of the Minoan Civilization, Greece 12. The Discovery of the Olmec Civilization, Mexico 13. The Royal Tombs of Ur, Iraq 14. Lascaux, France 15. Aztec sun stone 16. Masada, Israel 17. Altun Ha, Belize 18. Nefertiti Bust, Egypt 19. Code of Hammurabi, Iran 20. Library of Ashurbanipal, Iran Assignment 8 Share with a group or instructor the significance of each of these famous archaeologists: (3 minutes each) Have your notes on hand at the time of your report. a) Jean‐Francois Champollion b) Edward Robinson e) William Foxwell Albright Assignment 9 Assemble a folder with ten archaeological discoveries that have connected with the biblical history of the Old and New Testament (3 discoveries per page or one paragraph of each one of them) Handed over printed or by mail to your club director.
    [Show full text]
  • Title No Page Number Page
    THE TREATMENT OF OTHERS IN THE RAMAYANA—A POSTCOLONIAL READING by Sivamalar Sotheeswaran (nee Thirugnanasambandar) A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Copyright © 2010 Sivamalar Sotheeswaran (nee Thirugnanasambandar) School of Language, Arts and Media Faculty of Arts and Law The University of the South Pacific, Fiji April, 2010 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to all those in Fiji who, on learning that I am a Sri Lankan, asked, with eager expectations of a positive answer, “Do you have Ravan’s palace over there?” This dissertation is an attempt, by a Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu to answer that question. I believe that the epic hero/anti-hero Ravan was modelled on a real petty Dravidian chieftain, who has now been demonized, mythicized and immortalized. I believe that Ravan’s palace may have been situated on Thiru- konamalai (sacred angular rock/mountain) now known by various names such as Koneswaram, Thirukkoneswaram, Thirikunaamale and Trincomalee. This rock is an ideal citadel for a chieftain’s palace/fort because it commands a strategic view of one of the best natural harbours in the world. The site fits the description in Valmiki. There may be numerous other sites in Sri Lanka that Valmiki may have had in mind when he compiled his epic. It is even likely that the site existed only in the poet’s imagination. Today, there is, on this rock, a temple complex dedicated to Lord Shiva. The presiding deity is Thirukkoneswaran. (Recent legend has it that the idol was rescued from the sea where it had been flung by Portuguese invaders.) The waters of the Indian Ocean splashing against the cliffs of Koneswaram provide constant music for the Lord.
    [Show full text]