WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 10

FEBRUARY 2008 WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 1

1863 President 1864 The New Orleans HBCUs: Lincoln issues Tribune is first daily Emancipation African-American The Backbone of THE EARLY YEARS African-American Proclamation newspaper Education 1837 1864

Historically Black Colleges and Cheyney University Established between 1837-1856: Universities (HBCUs) helped build of Pennsylvania The nation’s first university to America by educating African-Americans Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Cheyney University is proud of be owned and operated by when educational opportunities were Cheyney, Pa., 1837 its heritage as the nation’s African-Americans, Wilberforce limited. Many of the early colleges were Lincoln University of the private institutions started by black oldest HBCU. Cheyney was Commonwealth of Pennsylvania University also spawned two other churches, African-Americans, the founded by Quaker Lincoln University, Pa., 1854 schools: and American Missionary Association and the philanthropist Richard Payne Theological Seminary. Freedmen’s Bureau. After the Civil War, Wilberforce University Humphreys, and its second Wilberforce, , 1856 public colleges and universities were principal was Ebenezer Don formed by state legislatures. The nation’s Carlos Bassett, the nation’s first 103 HBCUs continue to mold African-American diplomat. African-American leaders and role models. About 60,000 students attend HBCUs, and the schools award nearly one in every four bachelor’s degrees How to read this timeline Lincoln University of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Outstanding Alum earned by African-Americans. This timeline contains some African-American milestones at the top of each panel, a partial list of THURGOOD MARSHALL, a graduate of Lincoln University, established in 1854 in HBCUs founded in each time period, background on Lincoln University, Pa., won 29 civil rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, a record some schools and profiles of outstanding HBCU alums. See back panel for a list of schools. at the time. President Lyndon Johnson named Marshall the first African-American justice to the court. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 2

1865 Many HBCUs founded 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau 1866 African-American Buffalo after Civil War established to help Soldiers patrol western frontier African-Americans POST CIVIL WAR YEARS 1865 1867

Fisk University Established between 1865-1867: is renowned for its Race Relations University, Atlanta, Ga., 1865 Howard University is one of Institute, which got its start in 1942, gathering the leading producers of , Raleigh, N.C., 1865 the finest scholars to explore and raise African-American Ph.D.s in Virginia Union University, Richmond, Va., 1865 awareness of race issues. the United States. , Jacksonville, Fla., 1866 , Holly Springs, Miss., 1866 Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., 1867 Howard University, Washington, D.C., 1867 Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, N.C., 1867

Alabama State University Outstanding Alum Outstanding Alum ROSA PARKS attended high school at State Teachers College, SPIKE LEE was the third generation in his family to attend Morehouse College, now known as , formed in 1867 and established in 1867 in Atlanta, Ga. The film director and producer is noted for making located in Mobile, Ala. Parks refused to ride at the back of a bus, commercial films as well as documentaries, and for writing and also acting in his films. launching the civil rights era and making her a 20th century icon. Lee has also filmed music videos and he has written several books. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 3

1868 African-Americans gain 1870 The 15th 1880 Census shows U.S. citizenship with Amendment gives African-American the 14th African-Americans population THE RUSH TO BUILD Amendment the right to vote reaches to the 6.6 million 1868Constitution 1880

Hampton University Established between 1868-1873: One of only four institutions in the , Hampton, Va., 1868 Dillard University’s environmental United States that serve as a National justice center develops leaders , Orangeburg, S.C., 1869 Physics Frontier Center, Hampton ready to tackle issues of Clark College, Atlanta, Ga., 1869 University also has a NASA grant to environmental, social and launch weather satellites. Dillard University, New Orleans, La., 1869 economic justice along the Alabama A&M University, Normal, Ala., 1871 Mississippi River. , Alcorn State, Miss., 1871 , Greensboro, N.C., 1873 , Marshall, Texas, 1873 (Read about Wiley’s “Great Debaters” on reverse panel.)

Florida Memorial University Outstanding Alum Outstanding Alum BARRINGTON IRVING of Florida Memorial University, Miami, Fla., CASSANDRA WILSON graduated from Jackson State University, founded in 1879, is the first person of African descent to fly solo around Jackson, Miss., established in 1877. The Grammy Award-winning artist the world. He turned down a football scholarship to become a pilot. was named one of the nation’s most important jazz vocalists. Wilson’s Today, he encourages youth to pursue aviation careers. style blends jazz, blues, R & B, folk, funk, pop and country music. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 4

1882 “History of 1888 The first 1895 The the Negro Race in African-American-owned “Laughing America from banks open their Song” is the THE MOMENTUM GROWS 1619 to 1880” is doors in Richmond, Va., first blues first history book on and Washington, D.C. song 1881African-Americans recorded 1899

Spelman College Established between 1881-1897: , one of only two HBCUs Tuskegee University earned fame Spelman College, Atlanta, Ga., 1881 for women, is ranked the top HBCU in the as the center of African-American Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Ala., 1881 country. In 1987, Bill and Camille Cosby military aviation training during gave Spelman a $20 million, the largest Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Fla., 1887 World War II. The Tuskegee Airmen ever African-American gift to an HBCU. Delaware State University, Dover, Del., 1890 were the first black aviators in U.S. South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, S.C., 1896 military history. , Langston, Okla., 1897

North Carolina A&T State University Outstanding Alum Central State University Outstanding Alum RONALD MCNAIR was a space shuttle astronaut and a magna cum laude attended Central State University, established in Wilberforce, graduate of North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, N.C., founded Ohio, in 1887. She planned to become a music teacher, but her magnificent voice in 1891. A laser physics scientist, he also earned the Congressional Space made her an international opera star. Price was the first African-American to sing a Medal of Honor. major role in Italy’s famed La Scala opera house. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 5

1915 African-American 1926 Carter G. Woodson 1986 First national migration from establishes Negro Martin the South to the History Week, which Luther King THE MODERN ERA North begins evolves into Black Jr. holiday 1900History Month 2007

Bethune-Cookman University Established between 1901-1988: of Louisiana was founded by Mary McLeod Bethune, a A Catholic HBCU, Xavier University of Grambling State University, Grambling, La., 1901 daughter of slaves who became an advisor Louisiana ranks first in the nation in Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Fla., 1904 to presidents of the United States. The placing African-American students into university began as a training school for Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tenn., 1912 medical schools, and is one of the top girls, and recently launched a master’s Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, La., 1925 producers of African-American doctor of degree program in leadership. Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., 1975 pharmacy recipients. formed by merger of Clark College and Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga., 1988

Morgan State University Outstanding Alum Texas Outstanding Alum ZORA NEALE HURSTON, one of the most prolific writers of the YOLANDA ADAMS is considered the first lady of modern gospel for her literary movement, attended Morgan State blend of gospel, R & B and pop music. The graduate of Texas Southern (established in 1939 in Baltimore, Md.) and Howard universities. University, established in 1947 in Houston, also is a former schoolteacher She wrote several books, including “Their Eyes Were Watching God.” who has earned numerous awards, including four Grammys. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 6

ALABAMA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Grambling State University NORTH CAROLINA Clinton Junior College U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS

Alabama A&M University Howard University Southern University A&M College Bennett College Denmark Technical College University of the Virgin Islands Focus on Historically Alabama State University University of the District of Columbia Southern University at New Orleans Elizabeth City State University VIRGINIA Black Colleges and Bishop State Community College FLORIDA Southern University at Shreveport Fayetteville State University South Carolina State Hampton University University Universities Concordia College Selma Bethune-Cookman University Xavier University of Louisiana Johnson C. Smith University Gadsden State Community College, Edward Waters College MARYLAND Saint Paul’s College In 1965, Congress defined an HBCU as Valley Street TENNESSEE Florida A&M University North Carolina A&T State University Virginia State University ”any historically black college or J. F. Drake State Technical College Fisk University university that was established prior to Florida Memorial University Coppin State College North Carolina Central University Virginia Union University 1964, whose principal mission was, and Lawson State Community College GEORGIA Shaw University Virginia University of is, the education of black Americans... .” Lynchburg In 1981, the White House Initiative on University of Maryland Eastern Shore St. Augustine's College Oakwood College Lemoyne-Owen College WEST VIRGINIA Historically Black Colleges and Clark Atlanta University MICHIGAN Winston-Salem State University Universities was established to expand Fort Valley State University Lewis College of Business OHIO funding and strengthen the institutions, Shelton State Community College, C.A. Tennessee State University West Virginia State University located mostly in the Southeast. Since Fredd Campus Interdenominational MISSISSIPPI Central State University then, the White House Initiative on Theological Center TEXAS Alcorn State University Wilberforce University HBCUs has broadened the nation’s Morehouse College Huston-Tillotson University knowledge of HBCUs, including their Coahoma Community College OKLAHOMA Morehouse School of Medicine significant educational and economic Trenholm State Technical College , Utica Langston University impact on the nation. This is a list of Jackson State University PENNSYLVANIA HBCUs. For more information about Tuskegee University Prairie View A&M University HBCUs, visit www.hbcunetwork.com. ARKANSAS Mississippi Valley State University Cheyney University of Savannah State University Pennsylvania Southwestern Christian College Rust College Spelman College Lincoln University of the St. Philip's College Featured on the cover, from left to right: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania actor Samuel L. Jackson (Morehouse KENTUCKY MISSOURI University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff SOUTH CAROLINA College), Nobel Literature Prize winner Kentucky State University Texas Southern University Toni Morrison (Howard University), Harris-Stowe State University DELAWARE actress Anika Noni Rose (Florida A&M LOUISIANA Wiley College Lincoln University University) and writer Alex Haley (Alcorn Delaware State University Dillard University State University). Claflin University WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 7

A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste® Wiley College and Twenty-seven Historically Black Colleges and Universities “The Great Debaters” (HBCUs) banded in 1944 to launch the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) to fund-raise together and influence There are many unique stories behind each historically black college and the nation’s thinking about educating African-Americans. university. One of these is how the 1935 debate team at Wiley College, a The years following World War II were difficult for HBCUs, tiny Marshall, Texas, school that had an excellent academic reputation, and principal organizer Dr. Frederick D. Patterson, presi- triumphed over bigger and more prestigious rivals. dent of what is now Tuskegee University, had a vision that “a unified financial campaign for several Negro Wiley English professor and poet Melvin B. Tolson — a product of HBCUs colleges seems to be an idea worth toying with.” Fisk and Lincoln universities who also taught at HBCU Langston University in Oklahoma — created the legendary Wiley Forensic Society. Wal-Mart is a major supporter of UNCF’s goal to raise The team, which included future civil rights leader James Farmer, had a operating funds for HBCUs, provide financial aid 10-year winning streak, losing only one competition. Its unprecedented to African-American students and ensure that success was captured in the Hollywood film “The Great Debaters.” African-Americans have opportunities for intellectual growth because “a mind is a terrible thing to waste,” The movie underscored how the nation’s 103 HBCUs have served — and as UNCF’s famous motto states. continue to serve — African-Americans well. Wal-Mart is continuing that tradition by creating the Melvin B. Tolson Scholarship Fund. Today, UNCF represents 39 member HBCUs and is the largest provider of educational assistance outside of the federal government. Bolstering HBCUs through UNCF remains a goal worthy of public support. For more information, visit www..org. Look for “The Great Debaters” DVD, starring Denzel Washington, at y our nearest Wal-Mart! Visit www.thegreatdebatersmovie.com. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 8

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