WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 10 FEBRUARY 2008 WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 1 1863 President 1864 The New Orleans HBCUs: Lincoln issues Tribune is first daily Emancipation African-American The Backbone of THE EARLY YEARS African-American Proclamation newspaper Education 1837 1864 Historically Black Colleges and Cheyney University Established between 1837-1856: Wilberforce University Universities (HBCUs) helped build of Pennsylvania The nation’s first university to America by educating African-Americans Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Cheyney University is proud of be owned and operated by when educational opportunities were Cheyney, Pa., 1837 its heritage as the nation’s African-Americans, Wilberforce limited. Many of the early colleges were Lincoln University of the private institutions started by black oldest HBCU. Cheyney was Commonwealth of Pennsylvania University also spawned two other churches, African-Americans, the founded by Quaker Lincoln University, Pa., 1854 schools: Central State University and American Missionary Association and the philanthropist Richard Payne Theological Seminary. Freedmen’s Bureau. After the Civil War, Wilberforce University Humphreys, and its second Wilberforce, Ohio, 1856 public colleges and universities were principal was Ebenezer Don formed by state legislatures. The nation’s Carlos Bassett, the nation’s first 103 HBCUs continue to mold African-American diplomat. African-American leaders and role models. About 60,000 students attend HBCUs, and the schools award nearly one in every four bachelor’s degrees How to read this timeline Lincoln University of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Outstanding Alum earned by African-Americans. This timeline contains some African-American milestones at the top of each panel, a partial list of THURGOOD MARSHALL, a graduate of Lincoln University, established in 1854 in HBCUs founded in each time period, background on Lincoln University, Pa., won 29 civil rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, a record some schools and profiles of outstanding HBCU alums. See back panel for a list of schools. at the time. President Lyndon Johnson named Marshall the first African-American justice to the court. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 2 1865 Many HBCUs founded 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau 1866 African-American Buffalo after Civil War established to help Soldiers patrol western frontier African-Americans POST CIVIL WAR YEARS 1865 1867 Fisk University Established between 1865-1867: Howard University Fisk University is renowned for its Race Relations Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga., 1865 Howard University is one of Institute, which got its start in 1942, gathering the leading producers of Shaw University, Raleigh, N.C., 1865 the finest scholars to explore and raise African-American Ph.D.s in Virginia Union University, Richmond, Va., 1865 awareness of race issues. the United States. Edward Waters College, Jacksonville, Fla., 1866 Rust College, Holly Springs, Miss., 1866 Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., 1867 Howard University, Washington, D.C., 1867 Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, N.C., 1867 Alabama State University Outstanding Alum Morehouse College Outstanding Alum ROSA PARKS attended high school at State Teachers College, SPIKE LEE was the third generation in his family to attend Morehouse College, now known as Alabama State University, formed in 1867 and established in 1867 in Atlanta, Ga. The film director and producer is noted for making located in Mobile, Ala. Parks refused to ride at the back of a bus, commercial films as well as documentaries, and for writing and also acting in his films. launching the civil rights era and making her a 20th century icon. Lee has also filmed music videos and he has written several books. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 3 1868 African-Americans gain 1870 The 15th 1880 Census shows U.S. citizenship with Amendment gives African-American the 14th African-Americans population THE RUSH TO BUILD Amendment the right to vote reaches to the 6.6 million 1868Constitution 1880 Hampton University Established between 1868-1873: Dillard University One of only four institutions in the Hampton University, Hampton, Va., 1868 Dillard University’s environmental United States that serve as a National justice center develops leaders Claflin University, Orangeburg, S.C., 1869 Physics Frontier Center, Hampton ready to tackle issues of Clark College, Atlanta, Ga., 1869 University also has a NASA grant to environmental, social and launch weather satellites. Dillard University, New Orleans, La., 1869 economic justice along the Alabama A&M University, Normal, Ala., 1871 Mississippi River. Alcorn State University, Alcorn State, Miss., 1871 Bennett College, Greensboro, N.C., 1873 Wiley College, Marshall, Texas, 1873 (Read about Wiley’s “Great Debaters” on reverse panel.) Florida Memorial University Outstanding Alum Jackson State University Outstanding Alum BARRINGTON IRVING of Florida Memorial University, Miami, Fla., CASSANDRA WILSON graduated from Jackson State University, founded in 1879, is the first person of African descent to fly solo around Jackson, Miss., established in 1877. The Grammy Award-winning artist the world. He turned down a football scholarship to become a pilot. was named one of the nation’s most important jazz vocalists. Wilson’s Today, he encourages youth to pursue aviation careers. style blends jazz, blues, R & B, folk, funk, pop and country music. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 4 1882 “History of 1888 The first 1895 The the Negro Race in African-American-owned “Laughing America from banks open their Song” is the THE MOMENTUM GROWS 1619 to 1880” is doors in Richmond, Va., first blues first history book on and Washington, D.C. song 1881African-Americans recorded 1899 Spelman College Established between 1881-1897: Tuskegee University Spelman College, one of only two HBCUs Tuskegee University earned fame Spelman College, Atlanta, Ga., 1881 for women, is ranked the top HBCU in the as the center of African-American Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Ala., 1881 country. In 1987, Bill and Camille Cosby military aviation training during gave Spelman a $20 million, the largest Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Fla., 1887 World War II. The Tuskegee Airmen ever African-American gift to an HBCU. Delaware State University, Dover, Del., 1890 were the first black aviators in U.S. South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, S.C., 1896 military history. Langston University, Langston, Okla., 1897 North Carolina A&T State University Outstanding Alum Central State University Outstanding Alum RONALD MCNAIR was a space shuttle astronaut and a magna cum laude LEONTYNE PRICE attended Central State University, established in Wilberforce, graduate of North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, N.C., founded Ohio, in 1887. She planned to become a music teacher, but her magnificent voice in 1891. A laser physics scientist, he also earned the Congressional Space made her an international opera star. Price was the first African-American to sing a Medal of Honor. major role in Italy’s famed La Scala opera house. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 5 1915 African-American 1926 Carter G. Woodson 1986 First national migration from establishes Negro Martin the South to the History Week, which Luther King THE MODERN ERA North begins evolves into Black Jr. holiday 1900History Month 2007 Bethune-Cookman University Established between 1901-1988: Xavier University of Louisiana was founded by Mary McLeod Bethune, a A Catholic HBCU, Xavier University of Grambling State University, Grambling, La., 1901 daughter of slaves who became an advisor Louisiana ranks first in the nation in Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Fla., 1904 to presidents of the United States. The placing African-American students into university began as a training school for Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tenn., 1912 medical schools, and is one of the top girls, and recently launched a master’s Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, La., 1925 producers of African-American doctor of degree program in leadership. Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., 1975 pharmacy recipients. Clark Atlanta University formed by merger of Clark College and Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga., 1988 Morgan State University Outstanding Alum Texas Southern University Outstanding Alum ZORA NEALE HURSTON, one of the most prolific writers of the YOLANDA ADAMS is considered the first lady of modern gospel for her Harlem Renaissance literary movement, attended Morgan State blend of gospel, R & B and pop music. The graduate of Texas Southern (established in 1939 in Baltimore, Md.) and Howard universities. University, established in 1947 in Houston, also is a former schoolteacher She wrote several books, including “Their Eyes Were Watching God.” who has earned numerous awards, including four Grammys. WM4762 Timeline 1/8/08 4:53 PM Page 6 ALABAMA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Grambling State University NORTH CAROLINA Clinton Junior College U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS Alabama A&M University Howard University Southern University A&M College Bennett College Denmark Technical College University of the Virgin Islands Focus on Historically Alabama State University University of the District of Columbia Southern University at New Orleans Elizabeth City State University Morris College VIRGINIA Black Colleges and Bishop State Community College FLORIDA Southern University at Shreveport Fayetteville State University South Carolina State Hampton University University Universities Concordia College