Elementary Education Today: Its Impact on Children. INSTITUTION American Association of Elementary, Kindergarten, and Nursery Educators, Washington, D
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 070 531 PS 006 228 AUTHOR Strom, Robert D., Ed.; Bell, Mary Elizabeth, Ed. TITLE Elementary Education Today: Its Impact on Children. INSTITUTION American Association of Elementary, Kindergarten, and Nursery Educators, Washington, D. C.; National Education Association, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 71 NOTE 349p. AVAILABLE FROM NEA Publications-Sales Section, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036 (paper, $4.75, Stock No. 381-11972; cloth, $6.50, Stock No. 381-11974; Quantity discounts) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; Books; Early Experience; Educational Objectives; *Elementary Education; *Learning Processes; Mental Health; Minority Group Children; *Personality Development; . *Preschool Children; Special Education; Student Attitudes; Student School Relationship; Teacher Behavior ABSTRACT Articles previously published in "Today's Education" and in other publications produced by professional organizations in the NEA Center are reproduced in this book. The collection presents a description and analysis of current student needs. The six sections of the book are:(1) The Early Environment (suggestions for parents and teachers on how to improve the impact of early environment); (2) The Learning Process (tnsights into how children learn and related teacher behavior); (3) Mental Health and Personality (reasons for enlarging the concept of student success to include mental health and personality,; development) (4) Conflict and. Growth (expression of dissent toward school practices and its implications); .(5) Respecting Differences (alternative help strategies for working with minority youngsters); and (6) Goals for Education (objectives of the future school). A total of 54 authors are represented in the book. (DB) rr 0N- U. S. !DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& Man OFFICE Of Env TION 'PERMISSION 70 REPRODUCE THIS COPY RIGHTED MATERIAL BY MICROFICHE ONLY TNIS DOCUMENT HASBEFN RODUCED EXACTLY AS HAS BEEN GRANTED BY PERSON OR ORGANIZtTION RECEIVED RN if* Olir.NAPING IT. VOTED DO NOT NECESSARILY POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN REPRESENT OFFICIAL MINS OR POLICY. OFFICE OF EDUCATION 1'1E1\ TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE US OFFICE OF EDUCATIONFURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE Tt:E ERIC SYSTEM REOUIRES PER MISSION OF 7 HE COPYRIGHT OWNER SCOPE OF INTEREST NOTICE The ERIC Facility has assigned this document for processing 10 In our judgement, this document is also of interest to the during houses noted to the right. Index- ing should reflect their special points of view% IFILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY Copyright © 1971 National Education Association of the United States All. Rights Reserved. Further reproduction in whole or in part by permission only. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 75-163119 Single copy: paper, $4.75 (Stock No. 381-11972); cloth, $6.50 (Stock No, 381-11974). Quantity discounts: 2-9 copies, 10 percent; 10 or more copies, 20 percent. All orders must' be prepaid except for those on your official purchase order forms. Shipping and handling charges will be added to billed purchase orders. Make checks payable to the National Education Association. Order from NEA Publications-Sales Section, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036. 3 Contents FOREWORD vii PREFACE ix CONTRIBUTORS CREDITS xi ii THE EARLY ENVIRONMENT 1 Why Programs for Young Children? James L. Hymes, jr. 3 The Rationale for Early Intervention Bettye M. Caldwell 7 The Scene Then & Now Margaret Lay 22 Influence on the Elementary School Helen Heffernan 26 Ho* and What To Teach the Very Young Child Maya Pines and Catherine Brunner 30 Play's the Thing Eli M. Bower 36 Where Learning Happens Stephen Carr and Kevin Lynch 41 THE LEARNING PROCESS 55 On Children and Learning Jerome Kagan 57 How Children Learn John Blackie 60 Learning and Memory James L. Mc Gaugh 66 The Role of Intuition in Learning Blythe Clinchy 72 Self-Concept as Related to Motivation and Learning Don E. Hamachek 80 Teaching and Learning Through Inquiry Byron G. Massialas 85 Lateral Thinking Edward de Bono 80 tit The Magic of Symbols Eli M. Bower 97 Some Unanticipated Consequences of Testing Fred P. Barnes 106 The Child's World of Marks Mary Alice White and Ann E. Boehm 113 MENTAL HEALTH AND PERSONALITY 117 How To Enhance Pupil Self-Esteem Stanley Coopersmith and Jan Silverman 119 Family Life and Sex Education in the Elementary School Helen Manley 124 Violence and TV National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence 128 Crushes: What Should You Do About Them? Sidney Berman 134 Phobias Joseph D. Noshpitz 137 Little League Can Hurt Kids Donald F. Schwertley and William Hines 144 Guidance at an Early Age . Harold G. Shane and June Grant Shane 148 Developing Mentally Healthy Children' Katherine E. D'Evelyn 153 CONFLICT AND GROWTH 157 Youth and Educational Discomfort Jean D. Grambs 159 Order or Chaos in Our Schbols Whitney M. Young, Jr. 173 Middle Class Values Edwin A. Roberts, Jr., and Thomas Bradford Roberts. .188 Schools That Turn People Off Stewart Doig 195 School-Community Relations: Alienationor Interaction? Jonathan Kozol 200 Aggression in the Classroom Fritz Redl 206 aft Discipline as Self-Direction John Greene 213 RESPECTING DIFFERENCES 221 Giving Faces to the Faceless Jean E. Mizer 223 Be Talent Developers Calvin W. Taylor 227 The Slow Learner.. .What Are His Characteristics and Needs? Merle B. Karnes 233 Disturbed Youngsters in the Classroom William C. Morse 237 The Bilingually Advantaged Judith Rae Gates 250 Indian Education A National Disgrace George D. Fischer and Walter F. Mondale 257 Black Leaders Speak Out on Black Education Laura K. Campbell, Joseph C. Duncan, William L. Smith, and Roy Wilkins 284 The Face of a Child Harriet K. Howard 270 GOALS FOR EDUCATION 273 Progressive Education Should Continue Paul B. Diederich 275 Schools for the Seventies: Institutional Reform Mario D. Fantini 290 Behavioral Objectives: Bandwagon or Breakthrough Martin Haberman 297 Eight Goals for an Urbanizing America Lyle C. Fitch 301 Educating Teachers for Collaboration Robert D. Strom 324 ( e Forecast for the 70's Harold G. Shane and June Grant Shane 329 Foreword Today's elementary school, like other institutions in our soci- ety, is a target for criticism and a center of crisis. Thedream of our public education leaders has yet to become areality for all our nation's children. There is still much that must be done before the magnificent experiment of educating all children of all people can be labeled a success. In 1971, however, there appears to be more talk of alterna- tives to our public education system and a greater demand for accountability than during recent years. Elementary educators are being asked to justify their actions by taxpayers who appear to have lost confidence in the positive impact of public schools on the lives of their children. Are things as bad as they seem or is the prevailing attitude of suspicion the result of misinformation and lack of communica- tion? Is there a crisis in me society which is causing us to reex- amine all its aspects including our elementary schools? What is elementary education really like today? Is it meeting the needs of all our children? What should be done in the future to make it better? To help us answer these questions, the American Association of Elementary-Kindergarten-Nursery Educators invited Mary Eliz- abeth Bell and Robert D. Strom of Arizona State University and a committee of professionals from throughout the United States to select articles from Today's Education and other publications produced by professional organizations housed at the NEA Center which illustrate the current scene and give direction for the future. The result is Elementary Education Today: Its Impact on Children, an up-to-date look at the process of elementary educa- tion and how well this process is meeting current student needs. It is hoped that Elementary Education Today: Its Impact on Children will be a source of information and inspiration to present and future classroom teachers, supervisors, administrators, teacher educators, parents, and others interested in maintaining our sys- tem of public education. Margaret S. Woods, president American Association of Elementary-Kindergarten-Nursery Educators 1970-71 Associate Professor of Education Seattle Pacific College Seattle, Washington Preface Since greater understanding of human development makes for better teaching, this collection of articles presents a descrip- tion and analysis of current student needs. Respectively the six sections offer: (1) suggestions for parents and teachers on how to improve the impact of early environment; (2) insights into how children learn and related teacher behavior; (3) reasons for en- larging the concept of student success to include mental health and personality development; (4) expression of dissent toward school practices and its implications; (5) alternative help strategies for working with minority youngsters; and (8) objectives of the future school. Following the selection and organization of these articles, the editors were guided by reactions from a national panel consisting of classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, curriculum coordi- nators, state department officials, and professors of education. We are indebted for the helpful suggestions given by Mary Cannon, supervisor of instruction, Paris, Tenn.; Jean Cashion, kindergarten teacher, Bridgeton, Mo.; James Larson, elementary principal, She- boygan, Wisc.; Myrtice Larson, curriculum coordinator, Arlington, Tex.;