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Using GOMS for User Interface Design and Evaluation: Which Technique?
Using GOMS for User Interface Design and Evaluation: Which Technique? Bonnie E. John Human-Computer Interaction Institute and Departments of Computer Science and Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Phone: (412) 268-7182 Email: [email protected] & David E. Kieras Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Advanced Technology Laboratory Building 1101 Beal Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110 Phone: (313) 763-6739 Email: [email protected] 10 June 1996 *** To appear in ACM ToCHI *** Copyright © 1996 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from Publications Dept, ACM Inc., fax +1 (212) 869-0481, or [email protected]. Which GOMS? p. 2 Keywords: GOMS, cognitive modeling, usability engineering 2 ABSTRACT Since the seminal Card, Moran, & Newell (1983) book, The psychology of human-computer interaction, the GOMS model has been one of the few widely known theoretical concepts in human-computer interaction. This concept has spawned much research to verify and extend the original work and has been used in real-world design and evaluation situations. -
Introduction to GOMS
Introduction to GOMS Psyc2965 Fall’2002 Cognitive 1 Rensselaer Science Definition of GOMS n Characterization of a task in terms of u The user's Goals u The Operators available to accomplish those goals u Methods (frequently used sequences of operators and sub- goals) to accomplish those goals, and u If there is more than one method to accomplish a goal, the Selection rules used to choose between methods. Cognitive 2 Rensselaer Science What GOMS Is n GOMS is a task analysis technique u Very similar to Hierarchical Task Analysis (Indeed, GOMS is a hierarchical task analysis technique) u Hard part of task analysis is goal-subgoal decomposition n Hard part of GOMS is goal-subgoal decomposition u Different members of the GOMS family provide you with different sets of operators n With established parameters n But set is not complete (extensionable) u If you master GOMS at the level required for psyc645, you will be able to transfer your skills to most other task analysis techniques Cognitive 3 Rensselaer Science GOMS & Task Analysis n In formulating GOMS, Card, Moran, and Newell thought hard about building cognitive science into task analysis n Not the only way to apply cognitive science, but is one way Cognitive 4 Rensselaer Science Model Human Processor & Task Analysis n Rationality Principle u P8 – Behavior is determined by goals + task + operators + inputs + knowledge + process limits n Problem Space Principle u P9 – Goal directed activity can be described in terms of (1) a set of states of knowledge, (2) operators for changing one state into another, (3) constraints on applying operators, and (4) control knowledge for deciding which operator to apply next. -
I. Personal Information (1/11/2021) I.A. UID, Last Name, First Name, Middle Name, Contact Information UID: 101001302 Last
I. Personal Information (1/11/2021) I.A. UID, Last Name, First Name, Middle Name, Contact Information UID: 101001302 Last Name: Shneiderman First Name: Ben Mailing Address: Brendan Iribe Building, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 Email: [email protected] Personal URL: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~ben HCIL URL: http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=h4i4fh8AAAAJ&hl=en ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-1097 I.B. Academic Appointments at UMD 2017- Emeritus Distinguished University Professor 2013- Distinguished University Professor 2013- Affiliate Professor, Glenn L. Martin Professor of Engineering 2005- Affiliate Professor, College of Information Studies 2005- Affiliate Professor, College of Engineering 1991- 2005 Member, Institute for Systems Research 1989- Professor, Department of Computer Science 1987- Member, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies 1980- 1989 Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science 1976- 1980 Assistant Professor, Department of Information Systems Management I.C. Administrative Appointments at UMD 1983- 2000 Founding Director, Human-Computer Interaction Lab, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies I.D. Other Employment 1973- 1976 Indiana University Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science 1972- 1973 State University of NY Instructor, Department of Computer Science at Stony Brook 1968- 1972 State University of NY Instructor, Department of Data Processing at Farmingdale -
Further Reading on Cognitive Modeling David Kieras & Bonnie
Further Reading on Cognitive Modeling David Kieras & Bonnie John 2March05 The purpose of this document is to provide some basic pointers to publications or web sites in which you can read further about the topics discussed in the seminar. These sources generally have extensive lists of papers and other resources. Kieras’s sites Anonymous ftp for documents: ftp://www.eecs.umich.edu/people/kieras Web home page: http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~kieras/ John’s sites Cognitive modeling research papers http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bej/BEJResearch.html#COGNITIVEMODELING The CogTool Project: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bej/cogtool/ Web home page: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bej/ Model-based Evaluation While there are many precursors, the credit for popularizing the idea of using models to evaluate user interface designs can be given to: Card, S. K., Moran, T. P., & Newell, A. (1983). The psychology of human-computer interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Much of this presentation is based on: Kieras, D.E. (2003). Model-based evaluation. In Jacko, J.A. & Sears, A. (Eds) The human- computer interaction handbook. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 1139-1151. There are lots of references in this chapter. A preprint can be downloaded from: ftp://www.eecs.umich.edu/people/kieras/TA_Modeling/Model-based_eval.pdf. A related paper, where the main body is basically a condensation of Kieras’s slides can be found on the archive site: 1 Chipman, S. F. & Kieras, D. E. (2004). Operator centered design of ship systems. In Proceedings of Engineering the Total Ship Symposium, 2004 Held at NIST, Gaithersburg, MD March 17-18, 2004, organized by the American Society of Naval Engineers. -
GOMS + Fitts’ Law + Hick's Law This Lecture
Interaction Design GOMS + Fitts’ Law + Hick's Law This Lecture Rule Based Evaluation . GOMS and KLM . Fitts’ law . Hicks law GOMS and KLM GOMS . Describe the user behaviour in terms of . Goals . Edit manuscript, locate line . Operators . Elementary perceptual, motor or cognitive acts . Methods . Procedure for using operators to accomplish goals . Selection rules . Used if several methods are available for a given goal . Family of methods . KLM, CMN-GOMS, NGOMSL, CPM-GOMS Sources: • Card, S.K. et al. (1980). The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems. Communications of the ACM , 23(7), 396-410. • http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~kieras/docs/TA_Modeling/GOMSforTA.pdf Using GOMS Analysis . Check that frequent goals can be achieved quickly . Making operator hierarchy is often the value . Functionality coverage & consistency . Does UI contain needed functions? . Consistency: are similar tasks performed similarly? . Operator sequence . In what order are individual operations done? MHP How to do GOMS Analysis . Generate task description . Pick high-level user Goal . Write Methods for reaching Goal - may invoke subgoals . Write Methods for subgoals . This is recursive . Stops when Operators are reached . Evaluate description of task . Apply results to user interface (UI) . Iterate! Keystroke Level Model (KLM): Summary Describe the task using the following operators: . K: pressing a key or a pressing (or releasing) a button . tK = 0.08 - 1.2s (0.2 good rule of thumb) . P: pointing . tP = 1.1s (without button press) . H: Homing (switching device) . tH = 0.4s . M: Mentally prepare . tM = 1.35s . R( t): system response time . tR = t Example: KLM Calculations Converting Temperature (1) . -
Jacob O. Wobbrock, Ph.D. Curriculum Vitae Professor, the Information School [email protected] by Courtesy, Paul G
20-Sept-2021 1 of 29 Jacob O. Wobbrock, Ph.D. Curriculum Vitae Professor, The Information School [email protected] By Courtesy, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering Homepage Director, ACE Lab Google Scholar Founding Co-Director, CREATE Center University of Washington Box 352840 Seattle, WA, USA 98195-2840 BIOGRAPHY______________________________________________________________________________________________ Jacob O. Wobbrock is a Professor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in The Information School, and, by courtesy, in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington, which U.S. News ranked the 8th best global university for 2021. Prof. Wobbrock’s work seeks to scientifically understand people’s experiences of computers and information, and to improve those experiences by inventing new interactive technologies, especially for people with disabilities. His specific research topics include input & interaction techniques, human performance measurement & modeling, HCI research & design methods, mobile computing, and accessible computing. Prof. Wobbrock has co-authored ~200 publications and 19 patents, receiving 25 paper awards, including 7 best papers and 8 honorable mentions from ACM CHI, the flagship conference in HCI. For his work in accessible computing, he received the 2017 SIGCHI Social Impact Award and the 2019 SIGACCESS ASSETS Paper Impact Award. He was named the #1 Most Influential Scholar in HCI by the citation-ranking system AMiner in 2018 and 2021, and was runner-up in 2020. He was also inducted into the prestigious CHI Academy in 2019. His work has been covered in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, USA Today, and other outlets. He is the recipient of an NSF CAREER award and 7 other National Science Foundation grants. -
Distinguished Lecture Series Bahen Centre for Information Technology, Rm 1180, 11:00 A.M
Distinguished Bahen Centre for Information Technology Lecture Series 40 St. George Street, Room 1170 www.cs.toronto.edu/dcs/dls For more information contact: 2014 [email protected] TUESDAY, TUESDAY, SEPT 30 OCT 28 11 AM 11 AM Brad Myers Satish Tripathi Professor, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, President, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University Satish Tripathi was appointed the 15th president of the University at Buffalo in 2011. Brad Myers is the principal investigator for the Natural Programming Project and He served as UB’s provost from 2004-2011, was dean of the Bourns College of the Pebbles Handheld Computer Project. He has been a consultant on user interface Engineering at the University of California-Riverside from 1997-2004. Previously, design and implementation to over 75 companies, and regularly teaches courses on user he spent 19 years as professor of computer science at the University of Maryland, interface design and software. He is IEEE Fellow, ACM Fellow, a member of the CHI including seven years as department chair. Fellow of the IEEE and AAAS, Tripathi also Academy and winner of three Most Influential Paper Awards. Myers’ research interests he holds an honorary doctorate from the Indian Institute of Information Technology, focus on user interface development systems, user interfaces, handheld computers, Allahabad. A member of the Mid-American Conference Council of Presidents Executive programming environments, programming language design, programming by example, Committee and the boards of the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the visual programming, interaction techniques, and window management. -
Submission Data for 2020-2021 CORE Conference Ranking Process ACM Conference on Computers & Accessibility Tiago Guerreiro, J
Submission Data for 2020-2021 CORE conference Ranking process ACM Conference on Computers & Accessibility Tiago Guerreiro, JoÃčo Guerreiro Conference Details Conference Title: ACM Conference on Computers & Accessibility Acronym : ASSETS Requested Rank Rank: A Primarily CS Is this conference primarily a CS venue: True Location Not commonly held within a single country, set of countries, or region. DBLP Link DBLP url: https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/assets/index.html FoR Codes For1: 4608 For2: SELECT For3: SELECT Recent Years Proceedings Publishing Style Proceedings Publishing: self-contained Link to most recent proceedings: https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3373625 Further details: The proceedings are published by ACM and it is the main venue of the ACM SIG on Accessible Computing. The online proceedings include the main track and have specific sessions for posters and demos, student research competition, and experience reports. Acceptance rates and citation data are related with full technical papers. Most Recent Years Most Recent Year Year: 2019 URL: https://assets19.sigaccess.org/ Location: Pittsburgh, PA, USA Papers submitted: 158 Papers published: 41 Acceptance rate: 26 Source for numbers: https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3373625 General Chairs 1 Name: Jeffrey Bigham Affiliation: CMU & Apple Gender: M H Index: 44 GScholar url: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=DFqp8NkAAAAJ DBLP url: https://dblp.org/pid/83/6818.html Program Chairs Name: Shaun Kane Affiliation: University of Colorado, Boulder Gender: M -
Jason I. Hong
Jason I. Hong Human Computer Interaction Institute Office: +1 412 268 1251 School of Computer Science Fax: +1 412 268 1266 Carnegie Mellon University Email: jasonh at cs cmu edu 5000 Forbes Ave Web: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jasonh 3523 Newell Simon Hall GScholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MoFbcc0AAAAJ Pittsburgh, PA 15213‐3891 Citizenship: USA ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000‐0002‐9856‐9654 Research Interests In the near future, our smart devices will know almost everything about us. How can we make use of all of this rich sensor and behavioral data to improve our lives? At the same time, this same data poses many new kinds of risks. How can we make privacy and security easily understandable by people who are not experts? How can we ensure that machine learning models built on this data is fair, accountable, transparent, and ethical? In my research, I draw on ideas and methods from human‐computer interaction, systems, behavioral sciences, and machine learning. Most of my current work centers on smartphones and the emerging Internet of Things. I also make use of data from crowdsourcing or social media, both to better understand people’s behaviors as well as to “outsource” the labor required to manage privacy and security. Education 2005 Ph.D., Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley Advisor: James Landay Thesis topic: An Architecture for Privacy‐Sensitive Ubiquitous Computing 1997 B.S., Discrete Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology Highest honors 1997 B.S., Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology -
Jennifer Mankoff Richard E
Jennifer Mankoff Richard E. Ladner Professor, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington 11/12/19 ADDRESS CONTACT INFORMATION University of Washington (206) 685-3035 185 Stevens Way, Campus Box 352350 [email protected] Seattle, WA 98195 http://www.make4all.org/ RESEARCH INTERESTS: FABRICATION|UBICOMP|DIVERSITY|ACCESSIBILITY My research focuses on accessibility, health and inclusion. My work combines critical thinking and technological innovation. I strive to bring both structural and personal perspectives to my work. Integrating computational approaches with human-centered analytics, I develop tools that can influence energy saving behavior, provide support for individuals with chronic illnesses and design 3D-printed assistive technologies for people with disabilities. EDUCATION 2001 PhD, Computer Science [T.2]. Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Computing Atlanta, GA. Thesis Advisors: Gregory Abowd and Scott Hudson 1995 BA, Computer Science [T.1]. Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH. High Honors. 1991 HS. Green Meadow Waldorf School, Spring Valley, NY. EMPLOYMENT F 2017 – present Richard E. Ladner Professor, Allen School, UW, Seattle, WA Su 2016 – Su 2017 Professor, HCII, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA F 2014 – F 2017 Consultant, Disney S 2014 – F 2016 Consultant, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center F 2015 – F 2017 Affiliate Faculty Member, ECE, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA Su 2008 – Su 2016 Associate Professor, HCII, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA S 2012 – Su 2012 Visiting Professor, ETH (Sabbatical) Su 2011 – F 2011 Visiting Professor, IIIT Hyderabad (Sabbatical) F 2004 – S 2008 Assistant Professor, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA F 2001 – S 2004 Assistant Professor, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Su 2000 Research Assistant, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA. -
A Methodology to Explore Empirical Evidence for a Macro Cognitive Architecture of Expertise by Nathan Nagy
A Methodology to Explore Empirical Evidence for a Macro Cognitive Architecture of Expertise by Nathan Nagy A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Cognitive Science In Cognitive Science Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2017, Nathan Nagy Abstract The thesis investigated if the SGOMS architecture is the default structure for processing expert knowledge. We compared an SGOMS model implemented in ACT-R to a model using ACT-R alone. The task had no interruptions but the SGOMS/ACT-R model had processes to deal with interruptions. As result, the SGOMS/ACT-R model predicted slower processing times than the ACT-R alone model, which did not have these extra processes. The task was a well-practiced memory game. The results showed that, although the perceptual motor strategies of the two participants were very different, their cognitive processing for most of the task was virtually identical and in line with the SGOMS predictions. Overall, the results suggest that people use the SGOMS mechanisms by default but can deliberately train themselves to avoid some SGOMS mechanisms for at least some parts of the task. ii Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee members for a great defense and making it possible. I would also like to thank my supervisor for being a great wealth of knowledge who I learned a great deal from. I am deeply grateful for the incredible support from my lab mates: Katie Dudzik, Korey MacDougall, Fraydon Karimi, David Leibowitz, Sterling Somers, and Matthew Martin. -
Conference Program the 34Th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems San Jose Convention Center SCHEDULE of EVENTS
San Jose, CA, USA May 7 - 12 Conference Program The 34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems San Jose Convention Center https://chi2016.acm.org SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Saturday, May 7 Sunday, May 8 09:00 - 17:00 Workshops & Symposia 09:00 - 17:00 Workshops & Symposia #chi4good Day of Service Doctoral Consortium 17:00-18:00 Newcomer’s Welcome Reception Monday, May 9 Tuesday, May 10 08:30 - 10:00 Opening Keynote: Dayo Olopade 08:30 - 09:20 Plenary: Kimberly Bryant in 10:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break conversation with Sarah Guthals Video Showcase 09:30 - 10:50 Technical Sessions Student Game Finalist Exhibition 10:50 - 11:30 Coffee Break 11:30 - 12:50 Technical Sessions Interactive Demos Open 12:50 - 14:30 Lunch Break Student Game Finalist Exhibition lunch@chi 11:30 - 12:50 Technical Sessions 14:30 - 15:50 Technical Sessions 12:50 - 14:30 Lunch Break 15:50 - 16:30 Coffee Break Diversity Lunch 16:30 - 17:50 Technical Sessions 14:30 - 15:50 Technical Sessions 18:00 - 19:30 Opening Reception and Exhibit Hall 15:50 - 16:30 Coffee Break Grand Opening Interactive Demos Open Interactivity Demos Open 16:30 - 17:50 Technical Sessions 18:00 - 19:30 Job Fair Art Exhibition Opening Wednesday, May 11 Thursday, May 12 08:30 - 09:20 Plenary: Marissa Mayer in 08:30 - 09:20 Plenary: Alan Kay in conversation conversation with Terry Winograd with Vishal Sikka 09:30 - 10:50 Technical Sessions 09:30 - 10:50 Technical Sessions 10:50 - 11:30 Coffee Break 10:50 - 11:30 Coffee Break Interactive Demos Open Interactive Demos Open 11:30 - 12:50 Technical