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bring health security to every American. Health I know that Governor Celeste accepted this care reform is a complex issue, and it is critically new challenge because he wants to serve all important to our lives. the people, and I compliment David Wilhelm on his leadership in making this appointment.

Memorandum on the Combined Federal Campaign August 19, 1993

Memorandum for Heads of Departments and eral Campaign of the National Capital Area. I Agencies ask you to support Secretary Brown by person- The Combined Federal Campaign is an ave- ally chairing the campaign in your agency and nue through which thousands of Federal em- appointing a top official as your vice chairman. ployees voluntarily express their concern for oth- Your commitment and visible support will ers each year. Public servants working in nearly help to guarantee another successful campaign every corner of the globe not only contribute this year. Together, we must do everything we to the campaign but assume leadership roles can to encourage Federal employees everywhere to assure that the campaign is a huge success. to do their part by participating in the 1993 I am delighted to inform you that Secretary Combined Federal Campaign. of Commerce Ronald H. Brown has agreed to serve as the chair of the 1993 Combined Fed- WILLIAM J. CLINTON

Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the Conflict August 19, 1993

Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:) On March 2, the U.S. Special Cyprus Coordi- In accordance with Public Law 95–384 (22 nator, Ambassador John Maresca, met in Rome U.S.C. 2373 (c)), I am submitting to you this with his counterpart from the Government of report on progress toward a negotiated settle- Turkey, Mr. Tugay Ulucevic. Ambassador ment of the Cyprus question. The previous re- Maresca also met with the U.N. Secretary Gen- port covered the period from November 13, eral’s Deputy Special Representative, Mr. Gus- 1992, through February 14, 1993, the date of tave Feissel in Rome. At both meetings, Ambas- the election of to succeed sador Maresca stressed the necessity of an early George Vassiliou as President of the Republic resumption of the Cyprus negotiations. of Cyprus. The current report covers the re- Also on March 2, in Nicosia, Mr. Oscar mainder of February through July 15, 1993. Camilion, the Secretary General’s Special Rep- On February 22, Secretary of State Warren resentative, informed the parties that he was Christopher, while enroute between Beirut, resigning the position to return to the service Lebanon, and Cairo, , met with President- of the Argentine Government as Minister of De- elect Clerides and then-President Vassiliou at fense. Mr. Camilion left Cyprus in mid-March the airport in Larnaca, Cyprus. During this short after participating in another round of pre- meeting, the Secretary of State assured them paratory talks on the island. During Minister of the continued high level of U.S. interest in Camilion’s tenure as the Secretary General’s U.N. Secretary General Boutros-Ghali’s efforts Special Representative, substantial progress was to find a fair and permanent solution to the made toward resolution of the , Cyprus problem. and I would like to take this opportunity to President Clerides was sworn in on February add my appreciation for his long and distin- 28. guished service.

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U.N. Under-Secretary General Marrack leaders. There was another such meeting be- Goulding and Mr. Feissel arrived in Nicosia for tween the two leaders in New York on the mar- a round of preparatory talks on March 7 and, gins of the U.N. talks. during the course of the talks, obtained commit- Also on March 30, U.N. Secretary General ments from President Clerides and Mr. Boutros-Ghali issued a report on the United Na- Denktash to come to New York for a short tions Operation in Cyprus in which he requested face-to-face meeting on March 30. On March a major restructuring and reorganization of the 10, the two Cypriot leaders met for dinner at U.N. Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus the invitation of Mr. Camilion, the first face- (UNFICYP) due to reductions, withdrawals, and to-face meeting on the island of the leaders announcements of plans for further withdrawals of the two communities in several years. of troops by troop contributors. (The full text At the end of the preparatory meetings in of that report is enclosed.) Informal consulta- Cyprus, Goulding and Feissel returned to New tions among members of the Security Council York where they met on March 15 with Ambas- on this subject continued throughout the re- sador Maresca to discuss their plans for the mainder of this reporting period, ultimately re- March 30 meeting. sulting in changes in the way UNFICYP is fi- On March 25, on the occasion of the National nanced. Information on the U.N. Security Coun- Day of the Hellenic Republic of , I pub- cil resolutions through which this was done will licly restated the strong U.S. interest in the U.N. be found later in this report. Secretary General’s efforts to reach a fair and On March 31, the five Permanent Members permanent solution of the Cyprus problem. of the U.N. Security Council held separate In preparation for the face-to-face meeting meetings with the leaders of the two commu- between the two Cypriot leaders scheduled for nities to urge them to cooperate with the rep- March 30, the members of the U.N. Security resentatives of the Secretary General and to pre- Council authorized the President of the Security pare for the substantive talks, which were to Council to issue a statement that called on the resume on May 24. parties to cooperate fully with the U.N. Sec- In mid-April, Mr. Feissel, who had been retary General and reaffirmed the determination named as the new resident representative of of the Security Council members to remain the Secretary General on Cyprus, began the pre- seized of the Cyprus question and to lend their paratory talks in Nicosia working on both the support to the Secretary General’s efforts. (The U.N. ‘‘set of ideas’’ and on confidence-building full text of the Security Council President’s measures developed by the U.N. Secretariat, in statement is enclosed.) accordance with the suggestions of the Secretary On March 29, the U.S. Permanent Represent- General at the end of the October-November ative to the United Nations, Ambassador Mad- session of the New York talks. eleine Albright, met with President Clerides and On April 24, I again publicly stated the strong Mr. Denktash to reiterate the U.S. position that U.S. commitment to a fair and permanent solu- both sides should work with the U.N. Secretary tion of the Cyprus problem.¨ On the same day, General to reach an equitable and lasting solu- President Turgut Ozal of Turkey, who had tion for the benefit of all Cypriots. She pre- strongly supported the efforts of the Secretary sented letters to the two leaders from Secretary General to find such a solution, died after a of State Christopher and me. strenuous effort to resolve serious disputes in At the March 30 face-to-face meeting, the south-west Asia. leaders of the two communities agreed to return Mr. Feissel concluded the first phase of his to New York for substantive discussions on May preparatory work in Nicosia on May 6, and, 24. The Under-Secretary General’s summation on the same day, the State Department’s Direc- of the meeting stated that the sides had agreed tor of Southern European Affairs, Mr. David to resume their discussions ‘‘using the set of Ransom, arrived in Nicosia. He was joined there ideas for the purpose of reaching freely a mutu- on May 10 by Special Cyprus Coordinator ally acceptable overall framework agreement’’ Maresca, and both met with the leaders of the after a preparatory process on the island (full two communities to urge them to cooperate with text enclosed). The summation also welcomed the U.N. effort. Ambassador Maresca departed the parallel process of private meetings (that Cyprus on May 12 and Director Ransom de- is, not under U.N. auspices) between the two parted on May 13 after meeting with Mr.

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Feissel, who had returned to Nicosia for addi- tive; Cyprus Coordinator John Maresca; and tional intensive preparation for the May 24 U.S. Ambassador to Cyprus Robert Lamb. meetings in New York. During the next five days it became apparent A U.N. Security Council resolution sponsored that Mr. Denktash, the leader of the Turkish- by the United Kingdom on the structure and Cypriot community, was not prepared to accept financing of the U.N. Peace-keeping Force in the package of confidence-building measures. Cyprus was vetoed by Russia on May 11 because He asked for additional time to consider the it appeared to eliminate voluntary contributions package and consult with his community. The as a preferred way of financing U.N. peace- Secretary General initially granted Mr. Denktash keeping operations. (Another resolution was suc- four additional days. At a meeting on June 1, cessfully negotiated during the two weeks that chaired, in the absence of the Secretary General followed, and it was passed on May 27, after by Mr. Clark, Mr. Denktash was granted an the end of this reporting period.) additional postponement until June 14, with the Mr. Feissel’s intensive preparations for the approval of the representatives of the permanent May 24 New York negotiating round focused members of the Security Council, also present, on a package of confidence-building measures, on condition that Mr. Denktash would seek a which included a plan to reopen the fenced positive response from his community on the area of the city of Varosha and the Nicosia proposed package of confidence-building meas- International Airport under U.N. auspices. ures, including the proposals for Varosha and In my view, the package of confidence-build- the Nicosia International Airport. ing measures is fair and balanced, offers signifi- On June 8, the State Department released cant benefits to both sides, and should be ac- a statement (copy attached) that supported the cepted by both sides as a means of improving U.N. Secretary General’s package of confidence- the atmosphere for negotiation of a fair and building measures, including his proposals for permanent resolution of the Cyprus problem. Varosha and the Nicosia International Airport, More specifically, I urge Mr. Denktash, the stated that we believe the package is fair and leader of the Turkish-Cypriot community, to ac- balanced and that it offers real economic and cept this package in order to establish a better practical benefits to both sides and that the climate for negotiations based on the U.N. ‘‘set package should be accepted quickly and in its of ideas.’’ I believe that the Government of Tur- entirety, and stated our belief that Turkey key also should exercise its special responsibility should be helpful in ensuring an agreement on to urge him to accept this package. This is an this package. historic opportunity for the Turkish-Cypriot Also on June 8, in an airport statement on community and for all Cypriots. It would be his arrival in Turkey, Mr. Denktash made it tragic if this opportunity to move forward were clear that he was not seeking a positive response missed. from his community to the Secretary General’s Following these developments, the U.N. Sec- package. On the same day, Secretary Chris- retary General’s resident representative in Cy- topher spoke with Turkish Foreign Minister prus was engaged in intensive talks in Nicosia Cetin, who, like Secretary Christopher, was in with the leaders of the two Cypriot commu- Athens for the meetings of the North Atlantic nities, which focused on a package of con- Council and the North Atlantic Cooperation fidence-building measures, including the reopen- Council, about the developing situation. ing, under U.N. auspices, of both the Nicosia On June 9, a letter on the Cyprus situation International Airport and the city of Varosha, and the U.N. Secretary General’s confidence- on the eastern coast of Cyprus. These consulta- building package from Secretary Christopher tions ended, and Mr. Feissel returned to U.N. was delivered to Foreign Minister Cetin. In a Headquarters on May 20 to begin final prepara- speech to the Turkish Grand National Par- tions for the May 24 New York negotiating ses- liament, in Ankara, on the following day, and sion. in follow-up statements to the media, Mr. That session opened, as scheduled, with a Denktash said that he could not accept the con- meeting chaired by the U.N. Secretary General fidence-building package and would not return and attended by the leaders of the two Cypriot to New York as scheduled on June 14. communities, Mr. Joseph Clark, the Secretary Secretary Christopher discussed the Cyprus General’s newly appointed Special Representa- situation with President Demirel and Foreign

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Minister Cetin in meetings in Ankara on June appointed that, despite his assurances of June 12. In New York, a spokesman for the U.N. 1, Mr. Denktash neither promoted the accept- Secretary General issued a statement (copy at- ance of the package during his consultations in tached) the same day that stated that the Sec- Nicosia and Ankara, nor did he honor his agree- retary General had been informed by Mr. ment to return to New York on June 14; (para- Denktash that he would not be able to return graph 50) the Secretary General hopes that the to New York as planned on June 14 and that merits of the package will commend themselves a representative of Mr. Denktash would come to all concerned once they have been fully pre- in his stead ‘‘to explain the situation that has sented; and (paragraph 51) the Secretary Gen- arisen.’’ The statement said that the Secretary eral intends to continue his efforts and, to that General regretted that Mr. Denktash had unilat- end, has asked his Special Representative (Mr. erally departed from the agreement of June 1, Clark) to visit Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey in and that, as a consequence, the joint meetings the following few weeks. The Secretary General would not resume at U.N. Headquarters as also attached, as an annex to his report, a list planned on June 14. The Secretary General un- of the confidence-building measures that his dertook to submit a report to the Security Coun- representatives had proposed to the two sides cil. (including the Varosha/Nicosia International Air- On June 14, Mr. Kenan Atakol, representing port proposals, which were detailed in the body Mr. Denktash, arrived in New York and started of the report). a series of meetings with Mr. Feissel and mem- The Security Council, on July 7, approved bers of the diplomatic missions to the U.N. of a letter (text attached) from its President to the five Permanent Members of the Security Secretary General Boutros-Ghali that endorsed Council. Mr. Atakol was not prepared to discuss the conclusions of the Secretary General’s report ‘‘practical problems’’ concerning the Secretary and underlined the obligation of both parties General’s confidence-building package, to which to cooperate fully with the Secretary General Mr. Denktash had referred in Nicosia and An- in promptly reaching an overall framework kara. On June 25, before returning to Cyprus, agreement and, in the first instance, in reaching Mr. Atakol met with Ambassador Edward Walk- an agreement on the Secretary General’s con- er, the U.S. Deputy Representative to the U.N. fidence-building package. On July 1, the Secretary General issued the The letter welcomed the Secretary General’s report (copy attached) that he had promised on decision to send Mr. Clark to Cyprus, Greece, June 12. In the report he reviewed his efforts and Turkey, and requested a report from the since November 1992, explained in detail the Secretary General in September 1993, and, if confidence-building package that he had pro- necessary, his recommendations for action by posed, including his proposals for Varosha and the Security Council. the Nicosia International Airport, and provided Mr. Clark and Mr. Feissel arrived in Nicosia observations on the current state of the negotia- on July 13 on the mission outlined in the Sec- tions. The gist of those paragraphs is that: (para- retary General’s report. On the same day, the graph 45) all concerned have a special responsi- U.S. Special Cyprus Coordinator, Ambassador bility to bring to a positive conclusion an effort Maresca, arrived in Ankara for discussions with that has already produced ‘‘significant progress’’; the Government of Turkey on the Cyprus ques- (paragraph 46) the Secretary General was par- tion. ticularly gratified that the preparations in On June 11, the Security Council extended Nicosia for the May 24 New York negotiating the mandate of the U.N. Peace-keeping Force session had brought his confidence-building pro- in Cyprus (UNFICYP) for an additional six- posals to an advanced stage; (paragraph 47) the month period until December 15, 1993. As Varosha/Nicosia International Airport proposals noted in the last report, the Council had would bring considerable and proportionate ben- reached agreement on the future mission and efits to both Cypriot communities; (paragraph funding of UNFICYP on May 27, during the 48) beyond the economic gains to both sides, New York negotiating session outlined above. the package would open avenues of contact be- The U.N. Secretariat continues to seek forces tween the communities and engender the kind to replace the Canadian contingent that began of goodwill that should exist in a federation; its previously planned withdrawal in the week (paragraph 49) the Secretary General is dis- following June 15. (The Secretary General’s re-

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port of June 9 on U.N. operations is attached.) sion acceptable to both Cypriot communities As I noted in the conclusions of my last letter and which is for their mutual benefit. It is time to you on this subject, I believe that the Sec- for all concerned to build on the substantial retary General’s package of confidence-building progress noted by the U.N. Secretary General measures is fair and balanced. I believe that in his July 1 report and to resolve this long- its acceptance by both sides, promptly and in standing problem. its entirety, would certainly improve the atmos- Sincerely, phere and could speed the acceptance of an WILLIAM J. CLINTON overall framework agreement based on the Sec- retary General’s ‘‘set of ideas.’’ I want to reit- NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Thomas S. erate the strong support of the U.S. for the Foley, Speaker of the House of Representatives, efforts of the Secretary General to carry out and Claiborne Pell, chairman of the Senate Com- his good-offices mandate and to reach a conclu- mittee on Foreign Relations.

Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on Proliferation of Chemical and Biological Weapons August 19, 1993

Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) ical or biological weapons or in unmanned deliv- On November 16, 1990, in light of the dan- ery systems for weapons of mass destruction gers of the proliferation of chemical and biologi- through the 3 export control regulations issued cal weapons, President Bush issued Executive under the Enhanced Proliferation Control Initia- Order No. 12735, and declared a national emer- tive. The United States has also continued to gency under the International Emergency Eco- address the problem of the proliferation and nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.). use of chemical and biological weapons in its Under section 202(d) of the National Emer- international diplomatic efforts. gencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), the national In January 1993 the Chemical Weapons Con- emergency terminates on the anniversary date vention (CWC) was opened for signature in of its declaration unless the President publishes Paris. In addition to banning chemical weapons in the Federal Register and transmits to the among its parties, the Convention will also re- Congress a notice of its continuation. On No- quire parties to restrict, and ultimately cut off, vember 11, 1992, the previous Administration trade in certain chemical weapons-related extended the emergency, noting that the pro- chemicals with nonparties. The United States liferation of chemical and biological weapons was an original signatory of the Convention and continues to pose an unusual and extraordinary has sought to encourage other countries to sign threat to the national security and foreign policy as well. To date, over 145 nations have signed of the United States. the CWC, which is expected to enter into force Section 204 of the International Emergency in early 1995. Economic Powers Act and section 401(c) of the The United States is playing a leading role National Emergencies Act contain periodic re- in the work of the CWC Preparatory Commis- porting requirements regarding activities taken sion, which is meeting in The Hague to work and money spent pursuant to an emergency dec- out the procedural and administrative details for laration. This report is made pursuant to those implementing the Convention. provisions. Additional information on chemical The membership of the Australia Group (AG) and biological weapons proliferation is contained of countries cooperating against chemical and in the report to the Congress provided pursuant biological weapons proliferation has grown from to the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control 22 to 25, with the group admitting Argentina, and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991. , and Iceland to membership at its De- The United States has continued to control cember 1992 meeting. At the same meeting, the export of items with potential use in chem- all AG-member countries agreed to impose ex-

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