DOCSLIB.ORG

"Coping with Corruption Toolkit" Promoting Islands of Integrity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FINAL REPORT The Integra Foundation - "Coping with Corruption ToolKit" Promoting Islands of Integrity: Measuring and encouraging the ability of Slovak SME's to resist corruption and do ethical business Bratislava, August 3 1, 2000 Award number: 193-A-00-99-00104-00 (previous award number: 193-0020-G-00-9104-00) Prepared by: Monika Benfoddova Allan Bussard The Integra Foundation MiSikova 28/B 81 1 06 Bratislava SLOVAKIA phone: +421 (07) 52444246-7 fax: +42 1 (07) 52494 184 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.integra.sk Project Activities from October 1,1999 to May 31,2000 1. Key parameters determination Based on consultation with specialist In discussion with the local branch of Transparency International (TI) In discussion with David Murray of Transparency International UK. In discussion with representatives of the Association of MicroFinance Institutions of Slovakia. (AMIS) and on the basis of specialized studies related to the theme of corruption we determinated 24 key parameters which were tracked in the course of the project. These were anticipated to revolve around the common issues of bribery, kickbacks, extortion, nepotism, influence peddling, collusion, etc. 2. Client Survey creation On the basis of the parameters determined above we compiled a questionaire. The survey contains 43 questions which can be divided into the following parts: personal attitude to corruption practices 0 practice / reality that entrepreneurs meet potential solutions to these problems This survey was created in order to determine the primary environmental issues - legislative, judicial, economic, social - that impact ethical business behavior in Slovakia and find out some possible methods which Slovak SME's can use to avoid corruption practices. Before finalization of this survey we met with representative of the Agency FOCUS Mr. DianiSka and with Mrs. Emilia Sicakova from TI. The purpose was to gain their professional advice related to the creation and use of the client survey. 3. Test Group creation: In order to have our test group big enough to receive objective results we contacted various SME and Microfinance agencies in Slovakia, and gained their co-operation in doing the client survey and creation of the test groups. List of contacted agencies is in Appendix 1.. Also we had presented the project at the meeting of the Board of the Association of Microfinance Institutions of Slovakia (AMIS). Not all of the addressed institutions were willing to cooperate or responded our challenge. Regarding our database, for purpose of this project we made selection of Integra past, current and potential clients who participated in the annual Integra regional training conference held in Piestany November 12-14, 1999 Here is the list of slected clients, members of test group: Client Company size Business activity Location (workers) Colegium Ltd. 6 Architects studio Bratislava ~aldirLtd. 4 Graphic design Bratislava studio ArtForum Ltd. Book Bratislava retail/wholesale I FBE Ltd. Management I Bratislava 1 consulting- I I Komrska Plumbing Plumbing Bratislava Runa Souvenir ~roduction Bratislava Folk Dkcor Handcrafts retail Bratislava Nay Ltd. Electronic goods Bratislava retail Tespol Ltd. Tyre service Michalovce Control systems Michalovce design Agroslutby Ltd. Garden Centre Michalovce FotoProfi Ltd. Photographers Liptovsk$ MikulaT; studio Sal6n Katka Wedding studio Levice Sajben Farms Ltd. Rabbit growers Levice K&UCdairv Dairy farm Humenni: Pila Rez Sawmill Martin Fanna Pamiru Rabbit growers Nitra MikroFond 20 women in Various Bratislava microenterprises Our test group met following criteria: Willingness to cooperate Industry - a balanced representation from retail, service and manufacturing sectors will be sought Location - representation from all regions of Slovakia is essential Size - for the purposes of this project, SME is defined as having less than 25 workers. The client survey was confidential. Total amount of surveys sent/delivered among entrepreneurs was 120. In the term demand we received and evaluated 56 answers. Mentioned respondents was clients of following microlending institutions: RPIC Zvolen (12), VOKA (1 I), Nadhcia Integra (1 I), PICPoprad (9), RPIC Povaiska Bystrica (8). Regarding geographic area, although in spite we tried to cover equally all areas of Slovakia respondents were mostly from banskobystricky region 35,7 % and we had no answers from trnavslj and ko8ick$ region. As for the legal form of the business companies which participated in the survey three of the addressed companies was joint-stock companies, 22 was limited liability companies and 30 of them were soleproprietorships. Regarding industry, in survey participated 23,7% representatives of manufacturing sector, 32,4% representatives of service sector, 43,7% representatives of retail. Regarding size of the firms most 82,1% had less than 30 workers the rest 14,3% had more. In effort to secure proper results we focussed mostly on competent responsible people owners of the firms, managers or deputies. 4. Test Group survey conducted Data was evaluated using statistical methods of SPSS software for Windows. But the results are not statisticly significant considering whole Slovakia especially owing to the size of the test group. It's more correct to speak of a sampling, rather than a survey. Even in that research participated mostly entrepreneurs which are clients of microlending institutions. It means that test group was group of developing businesses which are in the phase of dynamic growth struggleing for survive in a difficult environment. In spite of this, the authors of this material believe that also opinions of that strictly defined test group have significant value and it can tell us much about attitude of entrepreneurs to problem of corruption in Slovakia. For optimum tabulation of the results of the client survey we have consulted Dr. LukSik from Slovak Academy of Sciences. He recommended us to use Excel1 as a more convenient software tool than the originally planed Access. The main corruption problems faced by the businesses in the survey were (in priority): 1. vehicle registration process 2. firm registration process 3. carrying out place for busines 4. carrying out building permit 5. loan application process 6. contact with tax officials 7. speeding up of legal process 8. effort to win the public tender which was offered by state institution obtain subsidy or grant from state 9. effort to win the public tender which was offered by private organization 10, state trade inspection 11. obtaining of export and import licences 12. effort to win a state order One of the main task of the research was to identify if entrepreneurs in Slovakia know any usefbll anticorruption strategy. These are some answers to the following question: "What can be, in your opinion an anticorruption strategy?" 20,8 % replied "I do not know" the rest of the test group responded: 18,8 % transparent legislation l2,5 % punishment of trespasser 10,4 % act according to your own conscience 14,6 % respect the law 6,3 % control 4,2 % education 4,2 % breaking of byrocracy 6,3 % medialization 2,l % develop a real and healthy competitive environment and market 5. Global practice awareness Part of the project was to conduct research within the international network of Transparency International to determine whether programs to assist SMEs face corruption exist elsewhere in the world. This research was conducted by Mr. David Murray, a leading Business Ethics consultant from Britain and member of the UK Advisory Board of Transparency nternational. The research revealed no substantial anti-corruption programs that had microenterprise or SMEs as a focus. Anti-corruption programs tend to focus instead on the public sector or large- scale enterprise. The results of Mr. Murray's survey are presented in Appendix 2.. 6. Case studies collection Assembly of evidence of measures taken by small businesses to counter corruption in their business environment and of experiences they have. Six case studies were written, based on the most common corruption-related problems faced by Slovak SME's. These are included in the Appendix 3.. 7. Draft toolkit design An initial toolkit was produced. The toolkit serves as a training material and is designed to initiate a discussion on the corruption issue, and to determine what strategies are being used to avoid corruption. First page contains introduction and suggestions how to use this material. Then there are six case studies each on different corruption situation, based on reality and collected while working with our clients. At the end of each story there are questions which should provoke a discussion regarding solution of described problem. On the basis of the results gained from discussions we prepared manual ,,Coping with Corruption Toolkit". 8. Toolkit test The experience of entrepreneurs, results of the survey and testing initial toolkit material became a main theme of the Integra Foundation annual conference held in May 19-21, 2000 in Moravany nad Vahom. Altogether 21 small business owners, diverse as to business size and type, from all regions of Slovakia and from abroad took part in the two halfday workshops. An important part of this initial toolkit material were case studies which presented a dilemma regarding various corruption practices. Main aim of this workshops was to stimulate a valuable discussion leading toward conclusions containing some strategies and tools how to solve discribed situations. Case study method allowed adequate anonymity to stimulate a free
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Governance and Corruption in Public Health Care Systems by Maureen Lewis
    Working Paper Number 78 January 2006 Governance and Corruption in Public Health Care Systems By Maureen Lewis Abstract What factors affect health care delivery in the developing world? Anecdotal evidence of lives cut tragically short and the loss of productivity due to avoidable diseases is an area of salient concern in global health and international development. This working paper looks at factual evidence to describe the main challenges facing health care delivery in developing countries, including absenteeism, corruption, informal payments, and mismanagement. The author concludes that good governance is important in ensuring effective health care delivery, and that returns to investments in health are low where governance issues are not addressed. The Center for Global Development is an independent think tank that works to reduce global poverty and inequality through rigorous research and active engagement with the policy community. This Working Paper was made possible in part by funding from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Use and dissemination of this Working Paper is encouraged, however reproduced copies may not be used for commercial purposes. Further usage is permitted under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and should not be attributed to the directors or funders of the Center for Global Development. www.cgdev.org 1 Governance and Corruption in Public Health Care Systems Maureen Lewis* Senior Fellow Center for Global Development January 2006 * I am grateful to William Savedoff for extensive peer review comments and suggestions, and to James Habyarimana, John Hicklin, Randi Ryterman, Julian Schweitzer, Peter Heller and Adam Wagstaff for helpful comments on earlier drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gorilla Case in Slovakia
    Středoevropské politické studie / Central European Political Studies Review www.journals.muni.cz/cepsr Ročník XX (2018), Číslo 2, s. 182–203 / Volume XX (2018), Issue 2, pp. 182–203 (c) Mezinárodní politologický ústav / International Institute of Political Science DOI: 10.5817/CEPSR.2018.2.182 Partial state capture by a single oligarchic group: The Gorilla Case in Slovakia ANDREJ ŠKOLKAY1 Abstract: The article discusses the Gorilla case, an officially still-contested partial state capture by a single local oligarchic group, in line with the (partial) Elite Cartels corruption pattern in Slovakia. Due to the manner in which evidence, although considered unofficial, was made available, this case illustrates secret political and business processes during partial state capture. The initial absence of the case in public, political, and academic discourses, suggests that state capture can be present and operate undetected for a long time. This study also shows that in-depth analysis of the Gorilla case was avoided by both domestic and international political scientists, despite its paramount practical and theoretical importance. This, in turn, reflects a methodological capture of political science. Consequently, this article disentangles the complexities of the Gorilla case and lays down the foundation for further studies. Specifically, it highlights the need for more careful research, terminological precision in both theory- building and empirical findings on state and media capture based on case studies, as well as re- assessment of the methodology of political sciences used in these research areas. Keywords: Gorilla, Slovakia, Oligarchs, Corruption, State Capture, Intelligence Services, Wiretapping 1. Introduction The Gorilla case2, an alleged grand corruption case, had its importance downplayed by state authorities and the media (the latter in part being unaware of it), until public demonstrations flooded the streets of the capital of Slovakia a few years later.
    [Show full text]
  • The Media Coverage of Corruption: the Case of Slovakia / Spravodajstvo Médií O Korupcii Na Slovensku
    THE MEDIA COVERAGE OF CORRUPTION: THE CASE OF SLOVAKIA / SPRAVODAJSTVO MÉDIÍ O KORUPCII NA SLOVENSKU ANDREJ ŠKOLKAY1 Abstract: This study takes advantage of Human Assisted Computer Analysis. In particular, this paper analyses selection, coverage and portrayal of various corruption-related issues and subjects by selected newspapers in Slovakia. HACA revealed that the best coverage of corruption as well as relatively widest variety of different types of corruption was provided by Sme, distantly followed by Pravda and HN, and finally by NČ. The results of our analysis have suggested that also the largest number of corruption-related articles published during the monitored period appeared in the liberal daily Sme. Yet, reviewed literature further revealed rather confusing and partially contradictory results in related research areas. Key words: corruption, media, Slovakia, newspapers, Human Assisted Computer Analysis INTRODUCTION This research paper deals with a simple but important research question: How did selected newspapers in Slovakia select, cover and portray various corruption-related issues and subjects? This is a particularly important topic for academic research due to the fact that, on the one hand, corruption arguably forms a long-term structural problem in Slovakia and, on the other hand, some literature suggests that free press and readership of daily press correlate with low level of corruption. Yet these correlations do not seem to work in such unambiguous way in Slovakia. 1 Scientific advisor for HACA Dr. Pavol Baboš, internal review by Ing. Juraj Filin, external review by Valts Kalninš (Providus, LV), technical assistance provided by Ing. Ľubica Adamcová, Alena Ištoková, Mgr. Ľubica Gállová, Veronika Vighová, M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Panama Papers. the Performance of EU Good Governance Promotion the Anticorruption Report Volume 4
    Beyond the Panama Papers. The Performance of EU Good Governance Promotion The Anticorruption Report Volume 4 Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Jana Warkotsch Beyond the Panama Papers. The Performance of EU Good Governance Promotion The Anticorruption Report 4 written by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Ramin Dadašov Sindy Natalia Alvarado Pachón Christopher Norman Simone Dietrich Eliska Drapalova Miroslav Beblavý Emília Sicáková-BeblavᡠMartin Mendelski Digdem Soyaltin Justine Louis Jana Warkotsch Max Montgomery Barbara Budrich Publishers Opladen • Berlin • Toronto 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of Barbara Budrich Publishers. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek (The German Library) The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) only and do not reflect any collective opinion of the ANTICORRP consortium, nor do they reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the European Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. © 2017 by Barbara Budrich Publishers, Opladen, Berlin & Toronto www.barbara-budrich.net ISBN 978-3-8474-0582-5 (Paperback) eISBN 978-3-8474-0405-7 (e-book) Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt.
    [Show full text]
  • A Diagnosis of Corruption in Slovakia
    European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building Working Paper No. 13 s A Diagnosis of Corruption in Slovakia Andreas Pawelke ERCAS WorkingPaper September 2010 www.againstcorruption.eu Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Corruption in Slovakia: Extent, Forms and Developments 4 Introduction/Background Information 4 Extent and Forms of Corruption 4 Corruption on the Rise under Vladimir Mečiar (1993 – 1998) 5 Declining Levels of Corruption: Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998 – 2006) 6 Backsliding under Robert Fico (2006 – present) 8 2. Anti-corruption: Actors, Policies and Results 9 Passivity under Mečiar (1993 – 1998) 9 First Reforms under Dzurinda (1998 – 2002) 10 Major Reforms under the second Dzurinda Government (2002 – 2006) 11 Role of external actors in the reforms 12 Inaction under Fico (2006 – present) 12 Stakeholders 13 3. Civil Society: Actors, Strategies and Reputation 14 Reputation and recent developments 14 NGOs in the Field of AC 15 Anti-corruption Champions 15 4. Citizens: Perceptions of Corruption 16 5. Literature 17 2 Executive Summary This paper looks at corruption in Slovakia, the government’s strategy to reduce the levels of corruption and the citizens’ perception of the problem. In addition, it describes what civil society organizations have undertaken to tackle the issue of corruption. After widespread corruption in the 1990s extending to every aspect of public life and facing continuing major problems with the rule of law, in the 1998 national elections Slovaks voted a new government into office. In the following years (2000 to 2008), Slovakia was able to substantially reduce the levels of perceived corruption. However, after EU accession in 2004 and with a new government in power since 2006, Slovakia seems to shift backwards into the very habits of cronyism, clientelism and favoritism that were characteristic of the post-communist years of the 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Anti-Corruption in the Turkish Accession to the Eu
    THE ROLE OF ANTI-CORRUPTION IN THE TURKISH ACCESSION TO THE EU Anti-corruption will feature prominently in Turkey’s talks on EU accession. Despite claims to the contrary, the data show that corruption levels in Turkey are not radically different than those in many other accession countries. While Turkey already meets many of the requirements for negotiating and completing accession, Turkey will need to bolster its anti-corruption programme. Key elements will include increased public sector co-ordination and the design and implementation of a credible anti-corruption programme. Yet, accession should not be the main motivator for such a programme. Anti-corruption will be necessary to strengthen fragile government institutions and forestall the radicalization of the political process. Bryane Michael* * Bryane Michael, Linacre College, Oxford University. For more information, including links to the sources mentioned in this paper, see http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat1663 17 he December 2004 meeting of Turkish and European Union (EU) officials will have determined much about the eventual Turkish accession into the EU. The focus of these talks will be on issues such as the compatibility of Turkish legislation with the acquis communautaire, immigration, T 1 human rights and other points of contention between the EU and Turkey. If the accession of other countries into the EU is any indicator for Turkish accession, reducing corruption and improving the rule of law will figure prominently in these discussions. Anti-corruption gets its own section in the EU’s Regular Reports on Progress Toward Accession. Yet, despite claims to the contrary, Turkey is not radically different from the other accession countries both in the level of corruption and the amount (level) of anti-corruption activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Causes of Corruption in European Countries: History, Law, and Political Stability
    Causes of Corruption in European Countries: History, Law, and Political Stability Ronald MacDonald Muhammad Tariq Majeed* University of Glasgow University of Glasgow Abstract This study asks why corruption is increasing in European countries and what are the most important factors that explain such corruption? Although corruption scandals, speeches and reports indicate that corruption persists in European countries no one has tested the causes of corruption in European countries and this study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to empirically examine the causes of corruption for European countries. Cross-country data for European countries is used to examine the role of legal influences, historical factors and the effect of political stability on corruption. Five key findings are: (1) the effects of the legal strengths on the incidence of corruption are significant with a negative sign - a one-standard-deviation increase in the legal strengths is associated with a decrease in corruption of 0.26 points, 26% of a standard deviation in the corruption index; (2) political stability is a significant determinant of corruption; (3) the interactive effects of history and law are important in reducing corruption levels; (4) the size of government matters in affecting corruption levels; (5) finally, this study shows that an interdisciplinary approach is the most appropriate way to explain corruption. Key Words: History; Law; Political Instability; Corruption; European Countries JEL Classification: K0, O52, P37, C33, H0 Acknowledgement: this paper has benefited from comments received from participants at the First German ECSA Young Researcher Conference, 21-23 February 2011, Berlin Germany. Conference Topic: Europe’s Post-Crisis Stability – An Interdisciplinary Approach organized by German ECSA Arbeitskreis Europäische Integration (AEI) and ZEW Mannheim European Academy Berlin Bismarckallee 46/48 D-14193 Berlin Germany http://www.eab-berlin.de/.
    [Show full text]
  • Discussion Paper Series a No.690 Social Confusion and Corruption: Investigating the Causes and Effects of a Breakdown of Ethics
    Discussion Paper Series A No.690 Social Confusion and Corruption: Investigating the Causes and Effects of a Breakdown of Ethics Taku Suzuki (Faculty of Economics, Teikyo University) and Satoshi Mizobata (Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University) Revised Verstion: September 2019 (First verstion: March 2019) Institute of Economic Research Hitotsubashi University Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8603 Japan IER Discussion Paper Series No. A690 September 2019 [revised version; first published in March 2019] Social Confusion and Corruption: Investigating the Causes and Effects of a Breakdown of Ethics* Taku Suzukia† and Satoshi Mizobatab‡ a Faculty of Economics, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan b Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Abstract: While studies of transitions to market economies have long focused on the issue of corruption, the perspectives from which their analyses have been based have diverged. Accordingly, this paper employs a systematic review through testing 14 hypotheses from the perspectives of political and economic causes, as well as culture and values, based on 558 works from the literature on the subject. Its findings make it clear that the liberalization and privatization of ownership both expand and contract corruption; the effects of culture and values also should not be overlooked, while mostly rejecting the so-called “greasing-the-wheels” hypothesis. Keywords: corruption; systems; economic growth; democracy; tradition; systematic review JEL Classifications: C00, O17, P24, P26 * This research was financially supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education and Sciences in Japan (No. 23243032) and Program of the Joint Usage / Research Center at Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University (FY2016) and Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University (FY2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Global Corruption Report 2001
    Global Corruption Report 2001 Transparency International Edited by Robin Hodess, with Jessie Banfield and Toby Wolfe First published 2001 Transparency International Otto-Suhr-Allee 97–99 D-10585 Berlin Germany <http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org> Copyright © 2001 by Transparency International All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Designed by Iris Farnschläder and Jörg Mahlstedt, Hamburg Printing and binding by Medialis, Berlin ISBN 3-935711-00-X Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report, including allegations. However, Transparency International cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the contents. Nor can Transparency International accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. Contributions to the Global Corruption Report 2001 by those authors external to Transparency International do not necessarily reflect the views of Transparency International or its national chapters. Contents X Contributors XIV Acknowledgements XV Editor’s note XVI List of acronyms and abbreviations 1 Introducing the Global Corruption Report ____ Peter Eigen Regional reports 10 East Asia and the Pacific ________________________ Rowan Callick 11 News review 14 Developing institutions to combat corruption 16
    [Show full text]
  • Bribery in Medical Service Delivery in Slovakia: Exploring the Gap
    Bribery in Medical Service Delivery in Slovakia: Exploring the Gap Degree of Master of Science (One Year) in Sociology of Law – European Law 15 ECTS Faculty of Social Sciences Lund University Author: Katarina Civanova Supervisor: Rustamjon Urinboyev Term: Spring 2015 Department: Sociology of Law – European Law Address: Allhelgona Kyrkogata 14 M, 223 62 Lund Telephone: 046-2228810 Supervisor: Rustamjon Urinboyev Title and Subtitle: Bribery in medical service delivery in Slovakia: Exploring the Gap Author: Katarina Civanova Examination: Master‟s thesis (one year) Term: Spring 2015 Abstract: The topic of corruption can be discussed from a variety of standpoints including economic, political, and social implications. The focus of this thesis project is on healthcare sector and more specifically the low-level act of corruption, the bribery, which occurs between a doctor and a patient. The aim of this thesis is to research the reasons behind the persistent existence of the bribery in medical service delivery through looking more closely at patients‟ perceptions on bribery in comparison to the official laws and rules created by both the Slovak government and the EU. For this purpose, qualitative approach is taken that develops this project by providing depth and detail about the bribery in Slovakia, in specific the attitudes and behaviors of the patients involved. Two direct observations and series of interviews were conducted. The theoretical framework to study this phenomenon is Eugen Ehrlich‟s concept of „living law‟ and Marcel Mauss‟ concept of gift in combination with the critical discourse analysis while the emphasis is on analyzing the gap between juristic laws and laws the society de facto follows.
    [Show full text]
  • The Costs of Corruption Across the Eu Credits
    THE COSTS OF CORRUPTION ACROSS THE EU CREDITS The Greens/EFA Group would like to thank the following persons for their work on this report: Pam Bartlett Quintanilla Patrick Cummins-Tripodi Awenig Marié Elisa Mussio Design and Layout: Jean Kutten Summary ................................................................... 2 CONTENTS Recommendations .................................................. 5 The cost of corruption in Austria ......................... 6 The cost of corruption in Belgium ....................... 8 The cost of corruption in Bulgaria ....................... 10 The cost of corruption in Croatia ......................... 12 The cost of corruption in Cyprus ......................... 14 The cost of corruption in Czech Republic .......... 16 The cost of corruption in Denmark ...................... 18 The cost of corruption in Estonia ......................... 20 The cost of corruption in Finland ......................... 22 The cost of corruption in France .......................... 24 The cost of corruption in Germany ...................... 26 The cost of corruption in Greece .......................... 28 The cost of corruption in Hungary ....................... 30 The cost of corruption in Ireland .......................... 32 The cost of corruption in Italy ............................... 34 The cost of corruption in Latvia ............................ 36 The cost of corruption in Lithuania ........................ 38 The cost of corruption in Luxembourg ................ 40 The cost of corruption in Malta ............................
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Surveys of Corruption in Romania
    Diagnostic Surveys of Corruption in Romania Analysis prepared by the World Bank at the request of the Government of Romania The analysis in this report was prepared by the World Bank, based on surveys undertaken in cooperation with Management Systems International (MSI), an implementing partner of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The views expressed here are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed to any of these institutions. This draft report was prepared by James Anderson (World Bank, ECSPE), Bogdan Cosmaciuc (World Bank, ECSPE and WBI), Phyllis Dininio (MSI) Bert Spector (MSI), and Pablo Zoido- Lobaton (World Bank, WBI), based on surveys developed in a collaborative effort with Dorel Abraham and Sebastian Lazaroiu (CURS, Center for Urban and Regional Sociology). CURS conducted the fieldwork between April and May 2000, under the supervision of MSI. Helpful comments were provided by Dana Weist and Joel Turkewitz (peer reviewers), Ziad Alahdad, Carlos Cavalcanti, Joel Hellman, Catalin Pauna, Shekhar Shah, Maria Shkaratan, Andrew Vorkink, and participants at the internal review meeting. We are also grateful to Valeriu Stoica, the former Minister of Justice, and the staff at the Directorate for Coordination of Corruption and Crime Prevention and Control Strategies for providing detailed comments on an earlier draft. This report also draws on the World Bank report Anticorruption in Transition—A Contribution to the Policy Debate, and the core team that prepared that report is gratefully acknowledged. This report would not have been possible without the cooperation of 353 Romanian officials, 417 enterprise managers, and 1,050 ordinary people who agreed to be surveyed for this project.
    [Show full text]