1991 1992

Natural Environment Research Council The ITE mission

The mission of the Institute of Terrestnal Ecology is to understand the science of the natural environment with particular emphasis on terrestnal ecosystems Pnonty is placed on developing and applying laiowledge in the following areas

• the factors which determine the composition, structure, and processes of terrestnal ecosystems, and the charactenstics of individual plant and animal species

• the dynamics of interactions between atmosphenc processes, terrestnal ecosystems, soil properties and surface water quality

the development of a sound scientific basis for modelling and predicting environmental trends arising from natural and man-made change

• the dissemination of this research to decision-makers, particularly those responsible for environmental protection, conservation and the sustamable use of natural resources at national, regional and global levels

The Institute will continue to develop long-term, multidisciplinary research to maintain an international reputation, provide training of the highest quality, and attract commissioned projects By these means, rIEwill seek to increase scientific laiowledge and skills in terrestnal ecology, and contribute to national prospenty and prestige

Front cover illustration Hedgerows in the landscape — photographer C J Barr

The Reminder Printing Company, Ulverston, Cumbna LAl 2 7EE Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 1991-92

Natural Environment Research Council CONTENTS

Foreword by Director of the Terrestrial and Freshwater Sciences 1

Director's Introduction 3

Science Reports 1 (see separate file) Forest Science 9 Land use, agriculture and the environment 15

Science Reports 2 (see separate file) Global environmental change 30 Environmental pollution 36

Science Reports 3 (see separate file) Population ecology 54 Community ecology 66 Scientific Services 72

Appendices 81 1 Staff at 31 March 1992 81 2 Finance and administration 84 3 Research projects at ITE stations at 31 March 1992 87 4 Publications by ITE staff 1991-92 95 5 ITE publications 111

Foreword by Director of TFS

I came to my present post as Director of NERC Institute that justified itself solely by an appeal to its Terrestrial and Freshwater Sciences at the end of 1985, excellent science has got to be very excellent indeed in from being Deputy Director at Rothamsted Experimental the current climate, and is always open to the question of Station. I therefore stepped over the difficult divide why its work is not being done by a university between agriculture and the natural environment; I department. ITE is now soundly based on a dependable became a person with a foot in both camps, which has community of customers. The increase in the not always been a comfortable position in the succeeding commissioned earnings has not been achieved without seven years. Nevertheless, I have gained enormously stress, very hard work, and occasional resentment. I from constant contact with a rather different view of the want to take this opportunity of thankmg everyone in the world, and I hope that the rather different perspective Institute who has contributed to these great changes, and has allowed me to encourage change more than would I hope there will now be less pressure for yet more have been possible for someone based solely in commissioned earnings to be obtained. traditional ecology. However, with Institute experience, I came with a strong belief in the strengths of the Institute system, in its continuity; ability to mount interdisciplinary science; and focused and organised approach to its work.

ITE has certainly needed all its strength to cope with change in these five years, and it has done so with resilience and success. Firstly, it was split up into two parts, ITE North and South, to allow better and more direct management by the Directors. There was some resistance to this division, but I believe strongly that it has achieved its aims. It has occasionally led to friendly rivalry, but not to seriously competitive attitudes, and there are common services and arrangements that cover the whole of the ITE structure. Other changes have been in the setting up of the Environmental Information Centre, which has become a major success. The move of the Dr Bernard Tihker, Director of TES, seen here wfth Prof Bill Heal (left), Bangor Research Station to become a IJnit within the Director of ITE North, and Prof Mike Roberts (right), Direcior of ITE South University of Bangor has also proved successful, and emphasises how well we collaborate with the However, ITE also has a great deal of excellent science, universities. Amongst the less happy changes, we have as has been proven by the steady rise in the number of to remember that the Institute suffered from its first Individual Merit Promotion (IMP) staff, from two in 1985 to redundancy round in 1989. This was a traumatic event, six in 1992. This has received added emphasis very but thankfully it affected small numbers, and has not recently by Ian Newton's promotion to IMP Grade 5, a been repeated. The fire at Banchory was a more recent rare distinction. I was particularly pleased by the fact that trauma to which the staff responded with admirable Ian was also awarded the Gold Medal of the British vigour to minimise disruption to their research. Ecological Society, All this, together with the steady increase in refereed publications, emphasises the quality The main change has been the enormous increase in the and standing of the Institute. There has also been a big amount of its financial support which ITE earns from development in the global aspects of ITE work. ITE(N) in commissioned work. This has risen from about 20% in particular has won a considerable fraction of the funds in 1985 to 65% in 1991-92, I see nothing wrong with the the TIGER project (Terrestrial Inititiative in Global need for an Institute to earn a substantial proportion of its Environmental Research), much of it being overseas, and daily bread - this can be seen as proof of its relevance has a lead role in the NERC Special Topic programme on and its value to the nation and the community. An arctic ecology. The combination of my background and the function of It is also very pleasing to note that the important and 11E gave me a special interest in the very widely used active collaboration between ITE members and phrase 'sustainable development' Sustainability ecologists in universities and elsewhere has gone from care for the ecosystem, conservation and ecology, strength to strength I think it is now fully recognised that development imphes land use, agriculture and ecologists will not get the support they need and production The main question facing the world at deserve, unless they actively band together to fight for it present is how to balance and combine these two aims The growing collaboration between flE staff and those in It means taking a balanced view about changes and their other research councils, particularly in the Agncultural impact on the landscape ITE has among its staff a wide and Food Research Council, is particularly heartening for spectrum of views However, I am certain that, in their me The rapidly extending work at the international level, work, they always have the ovemdmg aim of maintaining particularly in global change, is another major advance scientific objectivity and accuracy that benefits from an open and collaborative approach

It is hardly surpnsing that one of the characteristics of In all, it has been a most stimulating time I have learnt a ecologists is diversity I had not before appreciated how great deal about the natural, the administrative and the strong the tendency was for ecologists to work on their pohtical worlds The development of complex, global own patch of ground, or how many differences of programmes has been a fascinating challenge My other approach and interpretation remain This diversity has main impression is of the enormous heterogeneity of the been a strength for the discipline, but in modem terrestrial natural environment This makes it particularly organised and centrally funded research it has become a difficult to apply models and exact concepts, and I have weakness Now we need an active mass, to work seen with admiration how far my colleagues are able to towards common aims, and to develop the cases and the go despite this handicap ideas that will win funding on a large scale, for the advances that are beyond the scope of a single group In On my retirement, I want to thank the staff of 11E for the the past, ecologists were too often a critical mass, more excellent work they have done whilst I have been engaged in criticising each other than in looking for the Director of Science, in a situation often of extreme common goal that all could gather around It has been difficulty, and to wish them every success in the future one of my main aims to change this attitude, and I believe that in programmes such as JAEP (Joint Agriculture and P B Tinker Environment Programme) , TIGER and now LOIS (Land— Director of Terrestrial and Freshwater Sciences Ocean Interaction Study), we are seeing this happemng Natural Environment Research Council

2 Directors' introduction

The year 1991-92 was marked by an In view of the rapid expansion of applied • co-ordination of interdisciplinary increased focus on the development of commissioned research, it became and inter-organisation projects strategic research in response to imperative that the Institute maintained a national pnontes As a result, links with clear view of the basic/strategic research • the ability to respond to national government departments continued to pnontes In 1991-92, the remit of ITE, and international pnontes strengthen, particularly in addressing which had been in place for more than a issues at a global scale For example, decade, was reviewed and formulated as • strong links to government ITE's research programmes on a more up-to-date mission statement (see departments and international environmental protection, biodiversity inside front cover) The earlier emphasis agencies and the sustainable use of natural on conservation ecology has been resources contributed to replaced by a broader remit giving greater pnonty to studies of The policy continues to support selectively three types of research the scientific basis for the UK biogeochemical pathways (in response to input to the Umted Nations applied issues such as acid deposition Conference on Environment and and greenhouse gas fluxes) and the a small core of basic ecology Development (UNCED) in Brazil development of mathematical modelling (to predict the consequences of land use • strategic research, directed to the co-ordination of international and climate change) The new mission future international and national data bases by the European statement gives due recognition to the pnontes Commission (EC) in order to increasing emphasis on the dissemination extend the CORINE (Co- of information about environmental a broad spectrum of ordinated Environmental protection, biochversity and sustainable commissioned applied research Information in the European development to industry and government Community) programme to The new remit recogmses the role of ITE The rapid increase in contract funding in include eastern Europe in supporting international recent years (reaching 55% of annual multidisciplinary programmes on regional turnover in 1991-92) has resulted in a the evaluation of the effects of and global issues ITE's research is heavy emphasis on applied research and pollutants on terrestnal increasingly being integrated with the consultancy Clearly, a single institute ecosystems by several other institutes and university units in cannot and should not encompass all government departments in NERC's Terrestrial and Freshwater aspects of terrestrial ecology Some of developing procedures for the Sciences Directorate to form large our current international and national Integrated Polluton Control collaborative projects Community pnontes are described below (IPC) provisions of the 1990 programmes are also being formulated Environment Protection Act for integrated research projects across the three Directorates of NERC The international dimension wildlife management and conservation prescnptions for Research strategy As highlighted in our Introduction to last 'environmental deliverablesfor year's Annual Report, global issues will In the face of many competing demands positive land management increasingly influence the research for resources, it is cntical that the Institute provisions in UK legislation and agenda It became clear in the lead up has a clear view of its role in the national the revisions of the Common to the UNCED Conference that political research infrastructure The continuing Agncultural Policy action to slow the rate of global change strategy in ITE is to build on the would be dependent upon the outcome characteristics which are unique to the of research to reduce the uncertainties in These demands are expected to directed-mode Institute research ethos the timing and magnitude of the increase in the light of recommendations Research in ITE, therefore, has the environmental impacts Two major UK from the UNCED Conference, the following charactenstcs collaborative initiatives, developed resolution of uncertainties over the during 1991-92, now provide foci for European Environment Agency, and the • a focus on strategic research international collaboration in global UK Environment Protection Agency, as change research First, ITE played a well as the continuation of agricultural • the maintenance of large facilities major role in planning and implementing reforms and national data bases the major NERC community research

3 •

programme- TerrestrialInitiative in environmentalnetworks inEurope, the GlobalEnvironmental Research (TIGER). USA andelsewhere. Thisprogramme, co-ordinated by the InstituteofHydrology, isfocused on the Theglobal dimension ofITE's existing causesand consequences ofclimate researchwas also strengthened, for changeat sites inBritain and in selected examplethrough: tropicalbiomes. TIGER brings together scientistsfromHigher Education Institutes thesuccessful development by the (HEIs)and several NERC institutesinto EdinburghCentre for Tropical collaborativeprojects infour main areas: Forests(ECTF) of a majorproject on tropicalforest management and conservationinIndonesia, funded by TIGERI Thecarbon cycle on land theOverseas Development TIGERII Thegeneration oftrace Administration greenhousegases TIGERIII Theinfluence ofthe water o involvementinthe planning and andenergy budgets scientificcontent ofthe first European TIGERIV Theeffects on ecosystems conferenceonforest ecosystems in Florencein1991 Afterpeer review of a widerange of proposals,themain projects ofTIGER I O supportfor the planning phase of the andII were established during 1991-92. EuropeanEnvironment Agency withmajor ITE involvement both in UK throughthe involvement ofthe andthe tropics, ITEis not involved in EnvironmentalInformation Centre TIGERIII. Proposals foranalysis ofthe (EIC)at Monks Wood inthe EC impactsofglobal change on ecosystems CORINEprogramme (TIGERIV) were developed, reviewed extensionofcritical loads mapping to andselected during the year. The successfulprojects will be establishedin includeparticipation inthe United 1992-93,with a majorinput from ITE. NationsEconomic Commission for Europeprogramme on acid TIGERTV will then provide a credible UK deposition inputto the core project ofthe

IntemationalGeosphere-Biosphere o playinga lead role in the European Programmeon global change and ConservationResearch Institute terrestrialecosystems (GCTE). This Network(CONNECT), through which . extensiveresearch portfolio on global severalproposals were submitted to changewill provide an important theEC 3rdFramework and Human strategicresearch base of relevance to Capitaland Mobility Programmes. industryand government departments. ITEis well placed to contribute fullyto the Thesecond initiative wasin the context of developmentofthe European and global monitoringglobal change. NERC has agendasfor ecological research. playedthe lead role in establishing a multi-agencylong-term system to record, analyseand predict environmental Thegovernment's environmental strategy, changein the UK. TheEnvironmental aslaid out in the 1990 White Paper This ChangeNetwork (ECN) was launched in commoninheritance; continuestohave 1992;a network of eight founding sites importantimplications forITE's research willoperate a uniform system of long- priorities.Major projects which match the termenvironmental datacollection. government'spriorities funded by NERC NERC issupporting two of the sites (Moor andvarious government departments are House-UpperTeesdale and Wytham asfollows, Estate),with support for the other six from theAgricultural andFood Research Climatechange Council,the Department ofAgriculture o Researchon carbon budgets, trace forNorthern Ireland, theMinistry of gasfluxes and responses ofterrestrial Agriculture,Fisheries and Food, and the ecosystems ScottishOffice Agriculture andFisheries Department,The ECN co-ordination Land use andpIlanning centreat ITE Merlewood will provide for O Assessmentofcauses and rates of theintegration andanalysis ofthe data changethrough analysis ofthe setsto identify theenvironmental CountrysideSurvey 1990 data; chancres,andwill actively seek links with developmentofnew proceduresfor existingand developing long-term environmentalassessment

4 Countryside and wildlife - developing the ability to predict the • Research on the factors controlling environmental consequences of biodiversity at the landscape scale; major changes in land use design of farm woodland for wildlife; • providing a basis on which policies development of techniques for may be formulated. coastal and moorland habitat restoration An integrated approach has been adopted based on collaboration between Air pollution ITE, the Institute of Hydrology, and the • Definition of critical loads for soils NERC/ESRC Land Use Programme and critical levels for vegetation; (NELUP) at the University of Newcastle quantification of deposition upon Tyne. A major seminar on land use processes and development of dose/ policy was held in the spring of 1992 in response relationships; mapping of London, and an NERC publication the national distribution of critical entitled The land of Britain —land use load exceedances research for the future was produced. Hazardous substances and This strategic planning by ITE staff has genetically modified byganisms promoted joint research council • Monitoring of long-term trends in discussions on the research required to pollutant residues in wildlife; underpin rural sustainability. evaluation of ecological effects at the population level; assessment of the significance of pollutant interactions The finances of the Institute continue to Investigation of the genetic structure be finely balanced. The trend of recent of plant populations; assessment of years continued with a gradual reduction the rates of gene flow in plant and in the Science Budget (SB) support and a animal populations: evaluation of the tendency for the commissioned research potential for gene flow from crops income (CR) to increase slowly. Several and wild relatives internal SB initiatives were delayed or part-funded as a result, but success in Nuclear power and zaditeactive open competition for new NERC com- waste munity programmes such as TIGER is • Assessment of radionuclide transfers now having a positive effect on ITE in foodchains to man, and finances, as well as its science (see top persistence in upland soils graph, p6). The CR income provided nearly 60% of the annual turnover in The significance of research results is fed 1991-92 and most projects had a into the policy development process significant element of applied research through ITE representatives on as a result. The most important sources government committees. These include of CR income were once again the the Critical Loads Advisory Group, the Department of the Environment and the Advisory Committee on Pesticides, the public/private industry (see bottom Advisory Committee on Hazardous graph, p6). The main problems with Substances, the Advisory Committee on commissioned research are still the Releases (of genetically modified relatively small size of many contracts organisms), and the Red Deer (less than £30K) and their short duration Commission. (less than two years on average). Nevertheless, it was a real achievement The White Paper announced a wide to reach a balanced budget at the end of range of initiatives for improving the a difficult year. The Institute rural environment and 'greening' administered a significant number of agricultural policies. The rate of change interdisciplinary contracts for will be accelerated by the environmental government departments which involved proposals in the reformed Common subcontracting research with other Agricultural Policy (CAP). In response, institutes and HEIs. This co-ordination ITE has played a significant role in role is an important aspect of the ITE's formulating the NERC mission for land function and has increased further with use research. The mission statement the initiation of the TIGER programme. recognises three vital stages: Staff changes were minimal, and the • ensuring that environmental restructuring of the southern Stations was information on land use is available. largely completed (see structure accurate and comprehensive diagram, p7). The large number of

,5 •

development of a mechanistic model Subcontracts for bracken growth and spread; ID Commissioned research completion of a 'niche' model for • Community programmes Sparana anglica El Science Budget 9000 • Application of the Edinburgh Forest Model to assess the effects of 8000 management, carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization on the carbon 7000 balance

6000 Landscape ecology 5000 • Collection of detailed information on species turnover for birds and also 4000 insect diversity in woodland fragments, and on species richness of linear features 3000

2000 • Development of sink/source relationships for capercaillie 1000 populations in forested landscapes

0 Pollution research 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 • Major developments in the use of Year geographical information systems for producing critical loads maps for the Trends in income UK; establishment of the significance of stand age in the acidification of surface waters and of mechanisms to fixed-term appointments (nearly 25%) Ecological modelling reduce nitrate leaching from mature does present some difficulty in ensuring • Development of new models for forests; demonstration that acid mist continuity and career development. plant succession, density impairs the growth of mature Nevertheless, the recent trend of dependence in shorebirds, spruce; production of a revised increasing output of publications was population dynamics of ant/butterfly/ budget for reactive atmospheric more marked in 1991-92. In spite of the parasitic wasp assemblages and nitrogen over the UK declining SB support and the pressures nitrate leaching from forests; for contract reports, the scientific pub- lications increased by around 20% (see 6000 graph, p7). There was a notable increase DEn in publications in refereed journals. • DTI MAFF Scientific achievements have been El ODA numerous and some are illustrated by the NCC reports which follow. In particular, there El CEO have been significant developments in the El Other EDDOE following areas. 4000

Long-term monitoring • Analysis of 30-year trends of pollutant residues in wildlife to show a decline in pesticide residues and increases in PCBs 2000 • Establishment of the rate of recovery of predatory birds following a decrease in pesticide applications

• Analysis of 12-year data base on the land cover of Great Britain to show the continuing decline of hedgerow 0 length and change in composition 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Year • Simulation of climate change effects on long-term population dynamics of Long-term pattern of contract income from major customers arctic plants

6 Current organisation within 1TE

Prescription of the buffer zones of the 1991-92 year after a long and There were many important required to prevent effects of distinguished career, first in the Nature developments and achievements during pesticide spray drift; development of Conservancy and then in ITE. Dr Hooper the year but one tragic incident cannot in vitro method for determining has been the Head of Station at Monks pass without comment. The fire which radiocaesium availability to Wood for the last ten years; he has been destroyed part of the ITE Banchory herbivores; demonstration of replaced by Dr Stuart Dobson, Dr Ken Research Station at Brathens in reduced photosynthesis of arctic Walton retired from the Bangor Research December 1991 was started by animal dwarf shrubs to low levels of Unit in January 1992, having begun his rights activists. It was aimed at our ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) career with the Nature Conservancy in research on grouse population ecology 1958. Dr Rob Marrs also left ITE Monks because of its connection with the game Institute staff have written 16 books on Wood in 1991-92 for the Chair of industry. However, as stated by Prof John such diverse topics as the environmental Applied Ecology at the University of Enill, the Chairman of NERC, in The history of electricity generation, orchid Liverpool. A welcome appointment Scotsman on 17 December 1992, 'far biology, biotopes in Europe, and has been that of Prof John Monteith, FRS, from helping animals, this violent attack scientific management for conservation, as NERC Senior Visiting Fellow, based at Banchory has set back the cause of In addition, major reviews were at ITE Edinburgh, to continue his conservation. There can be no published on wildlife diseases (which led research on plant/atmosphere justification for the destruction of long- to the establishment of a NERC Special interactions. running research records or for Topic programme), the importance of territorial behaviour in limiting bird density, environmental auditing and 600 Books assessment techniques for integrated 0 Other literature pollution control, environmental health 500 E Book chapters criteria for DEEP, cadmium and 1,1,1- 0 Refereed journals trichloroethane, biological recording of El Contract reports changes in British wildlife, and evaluation 400 of the potential terrestrial impacts of climate change. 300

Personal achievements during the year have been the awards of Individual Merit 200 Promotion to Grade 6 for Dr David Fowler and to Grade 5 for Dr Ian Newton. 100 Dr Fowler was awarded a Special Professorship in Environmental Sciences by the University of Nottingham, and Dr 0 Newton also received the Royal Society 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 for the Protection of Birds Medal for Year services to the scientific conservation of birds. Dr Max Hooper retired at the end Trends in output of publications

7 obstructmg research programmes directed towards the fundamental understanding of how man, wildlife and the natural environment interact'

The immediate effect of the fire was to divert effort at Banchory from a wide range of research designed to support wildlife conservation through improved understanding of its fundamental ecology A more pervasive effect has been that funds and staff time which should have gone into research on major environmental issues in rrE and in other institutes have been diverted into enhanced security Thus, it is the environment, including wildlife, which has been disadvantaged by the misguided actions of activists

Two factors which emerged rapidly from the incident were the remarkable resilience and dedication of the staff at Banchory and the support fsom within NERC and from many individual scientists, orgamsations and the general public These responses have done much to compensate for the damage, and we gratefully acknowledge the constructive efforts of so many people

8 Appendix 1. Staff at 31 March 1992

81 SSO Mr C j Barr Administration TYP Mrs J E Rushton (Fr) SSO Dr j Dighton EQ Mrs S T Oliver IB I 0 Mr R H E Phillips SSO Dr P Ineson (Station Secretary) IB4 Mr W F White (PT) SSO Mr j A Parlanson AO Mrs J Jenkins (PT) H/KPR Mrs I Wyllie SSO Mr C Quarmby AO Mrs R Ratcliffe SSO Mr j D Roberts TYP Mrs P M Andrews Scientific SSO Mr A P Rowland TYP Mrs L M Burnett Grade 6 Dr I Newton SSO Dr j M Welker 1810 Mr A D Littlejohn Grade 6 Dr j Sheail IB 1 0 Miss R A Roger HSO Mr J K Adamson Grade7 Dr L A Boorman HSO Mr C B Benefield Scientific Grade7 Dr K R Bull HSO Mr D G Benham Grade6 Dr H Kruuk Grade7 Dr B N K Davis HSO Mr N A Beresford Grade6(1) Dr j Miles Grade7 Dr A S Dawson HSO Mr P A Coward Grade? Dr S Dobson HSO Mr N Cox Grade7 Dr P j Bacon Grade? Mr P T Harding HSO Mr M Cuthbertson Grade7 Dr M P Hams Grade7 Dr M Hill HSO Dr D C Howard Grade7 Dr R Moss Grade7 Mr K H Lakham HSO Mrs D M Howard Grade? Mr D Welch Grade7 Dr D Osborn HSO Mrs G Howson Grade7 Dr R C Welch HSO Mrs V H Kennedy SSO Dr N G Bayfield Grade7 Mr T C E Wells HSO Mr W H Robertson SSO Mr R P Cummms Grade7 Dr B K Wyatt HSO Dr C H Robinson SSO Mr D D French HSO Mr R Scott SSO Dr M Marquiss SSO Dr C P Cummins HSO Mr P Wookey SSO Mr R A Parr SSO Dr M C French SSO Mr I S Paterson SSO Dr L G Firbank SO Miss M K Gillespie SSO Mr N Picozzi SSO Mr A J Frost SO Mrs J M Poslatt SSO Mr R M Fuller SO Miss S M C Robertson HSO Mr D C Catt SSO Dr A McLeod SO Miss D L Singleton HSO Miss J L Clarke SSO Dr D Moss SO Mr C Woods HSO Mr j W H Conroy SSO Mr C D Preston HSO Dr S E Hartley ASO Miss C L Barnett HSO Mr H R Arnold ASO Miss A L Hodgson SO Dr D N Carss HSO Mr N j Brown ASO Miss F M Leviston SO Mrs G M McGowan HSO Mr P D Carey ASO Mr E M Molloy SO Mr D Scott HSO Miss R Cox ASO Mrs M J Ness SO Mr I B Trenholm HSO Mr J C M Dring ASO Mrs J Parnngton (Fr) HSO Mr B C Eversham ASO Mr D Sleep PTO Mr J A Moms HSO Mr P Freestone HSO Mr G B Groom LIB Mr j Beckett HSO Dr S A Hmsley HSO Mr A R Jones Dr j C Frankland (FT) INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL HSO Mr M G Le Duc Dr H E Jones (17r) ECOLOGY (South) HSO Dr E A Leeson Monks Wood HSO Dr J C Metcalfe Abbots Ripton HSO Mr j 0 Mountford HUNTINGDON HSO Dr R J Pakeman INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL PE17 2LS HSO Mr T Pansh ECOLOGY (North) HSO Telephone 04873 381-8 Dr S M Redpath Banchory Research Station HSO Dr R F Shore Telex 32416 Hill of Brathens, Glassel HSO Mr T H Sparks Fax 04873 467 BANCHORY HSO Dr j R Treweek Janet host UK AC NMT VA Kincardineshire HSO Mr I Wyllie AB31 4BY (000008009030) HSO Mr M G Yates Telephone 033 02 3434 Head of Dr M D Hooper Fax 033 02 3303 SO Mrs A Asher Station (Grade6) SO Janet host UK AC NBA VA Mr M Brown PS Mrs M J King SO Mr J Diment (000070520020) SO Mr J N Greatorex-Davies Administration SO Miss R Hall Head of Dr B W Staines EQ Mrs C J Rigden SO Mr P K Hankard Station (Grade 6) (Station Secretary) SO Mr P D Howe PS Mrs M Mackay AA Miss A j Carlin SO Mr H M Malcolm AA Mrs W A Forrest SO MrDGMyhill AO Miss R May SO Mr R A Plant TIT Mrs E M Guenn SO Miss C 3 Pumphrey

82 SO Mr J Wnght INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL SO Mrs T J Yates ECOLOGY (South) Bangor Research Unit ASO Mr P E Bellamy Umversity College of North Wales ASO Mrs J M Croft Deimol Road ASO Mrs J M Ullyett BANGOR, Gwynedd ASO Miss C L Wyatt LL57 2UP SPHGR Mr P G Amsworth Telephone 0248 370045 Fax 0248 355365 ALIB Mrs M Palmer Janet host UK AC NBT VA (000014120030)

Head of Dr J E G Good INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL Unit (Grade6) ECOLOGY (South) PS Miss H A Jones Furzebrook Research Station WAREHAIVI Administration Dorset E0 Miss D E Owen AO BH20 5AS Mrs G Langhorne (PT) TYP Mrs J Owen (FT) Telephone 0929 551518-9, 551491 Fax 0929 551087 Scientific Grade7 Dr T W Ashenden Grade7 Dr B Reynolds Head of Dr M G Moms Station (Grade6) SSO Dr L S Anderson PS Mrs M K Perkins SSO Dr A Buse SSO Mr C R Rafarel Administration SSO Mr P A Stevens E0 Mrs M C Jones SSO Mr A G Thomson (Station Secretary) AA Mrs I M Chester HSO Dr B A Emmett TYP Miss R A Weller Postdoc Dr R Baxter Scientific Postdoc Dr C Freeman Grade6 Dr J D Goss-Custard SO Mrs S A Bell SO Mr S Hughes Grade7 Mr R T Clarke SO Mr D A Noms Grade7 Dr R E Daniels SO Mr T G Williams Grade7 Dr G W Elmes Grade7 Dr A J Gray ASO Mr C Edge Grade7 Dr R E Kenward Grade7 Dr J A Thomas Grade7 Dr L K Ward Grade7 Dr N R C Webb

SSO Dr S McGrorty SSO Dr C J Reading SSO Mr R G Snazell

HSO Dr R W G Caldow HSO Ms S Le V dit Durell (FT) HSO Dr R Moore HSO Mr B Pearson HSO Dr A F Raybould HSO Mr W E Rispm HSO Mrs J C Wardlaw (Fr)

SO Miss I L Moy SO Mr R J Rose SO Miss E A Warman

83 Appendix 2. Finance and administration

The following diagrams indicate levels of funding for the Institute, and provide details of expenditure.

The pie chart shows Institute expenditure (as full economic cost) for the year 1991-92 by scientific programme of work

Environmental pollution (36.4%) Population ecology (15.1%)

Community ecology (7.1%)

Scientific services (6.4%) Global environmental change (3.0%) Forest science (9.8%) Land use, agriculture and the environment (22.2%)

E Subcontracts D Commissioned research • Community programmes D Science Budget 9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

Qc4 4000

3000

2000

1000 This graph illustrates trends in income (at constant prices — 1983-9 i revalued to 1992 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 using Gross Domestic Product Year indices)

84 •

This graph illustrates the long- 6000 term pattern of receipts from DEn • DTI major customers (at constant O MAFF prices - 1983-91 revalued to O ODA NCC 1992 using Gross Domestic CEC Product indices) O Other 4000 El DOE

2000

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Year

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (2.1%) Department of Trade Overseas Development Administration (5.5%) and Industry (0.01%) Department of the Nature Conservancy Environment (33.7%) Council (8.9%) Commission of European Communities (13.1%)

Other government (6.8%) Other private (25.2%) Other public (4.6%)

The pie chart shows the division of 1991-92 commissioned receipts by major customers

85 The Institutes position within the UK Research Council system is shown below. ITE is an inte- gral part of the Natural Environment Research Council, which supports a wide range of basic and applied research in universities and institutes. It is able to draw on the expertise of about 400 colleagues in terrestrial and freshwater research, and on 1300 scientists within NERC.

Department of Education & Science

Agricultural & Economic & Natural Science & Medical Food Social Environment Engineering

Marine & Terrestrial & Earth Sciences Atmospheric Freshwater Scientific Sciences Sciences Services

Institute of Institute of Institute of Institute of Virology & Freshwater Terrestrial University Units Hydrology Environmental Ecology Ecology Microbiology

Banchory Edinburgh Merlewood Bangor Monks Wood Furzebrook

86 Appendix 3. Research projects at 31 March 1992

ITE NORTH — EDINBURGH RESEARCH STATION TO3057c6 Carbon flux in tropical forests J D Deans below-ground biomass Programme 1 Forest science TO3064b6 Methane emissions from UK wetlands D Fowler TO3064h6 N20 flux measurement using chamber D Fowler T01055-4 Forest Ecosystems Research 0 W Heal and imcrometeorological techniques Network TO3065a6 Measurement of methane D Fowler T01057-5 Temperate tree biology M G R Cannell/ emission fluxes at the field/landscale scale A D Watt TO1057s2 Temperate tree improvement J D Deans/ H L Billington Programme 7 Environmental pollution TO1057v5 Frost hardiness of oak provenances J D Deans TO1057w2 Mechanistic models of tree and forest T07055-3 The effects of atmospheric B G Bell growth R C Dewar pollutants on forests and crops TO1057x2 Modelling the population dynamics of A D Watt (special topic programme) the pine moth TO705513 Exchange of NO. and other gases D Fowler/ before and after exposure to wind, J Grace T01059-5 Mycorrhizas and tree production J Wilson ozone and polluted cloud water TO1059a2 Mycorrhizas and tree growth P A Mason TO1059k2 Root system architecture and symbiont A Baker/ T07056-5 Ecological effects of climatic M G R Cannel! infection processes J Wilson change TO1059n1 Eucalyptus myconhizas in Chile P A Mason TO7056d5 Response of trees to elevated CO2 A Fnend concentrations and temperature T01060-5 Tropical forestry and tree R R B Leakey TO7056t1 Carbon sequestration by vegetation A D Watt improvement in the UK - TO1060a2 Domestication of tropical hardwoods R R B Leakey TO7056v1 Impacts of the mild winters and M G R Cannell T0106011 UNESCO MAB contracts 0 W Heal hot summers in the UK in 1988-90 TO1060)1 11E/CAI'lE link A Newton TO1060k1 Cameroon forestry — Phase 2 R R B Leakey T07057-5 Atmospheric pollutants and trace D Fowler TO106012 Relationship between growth, R R B Leakey gases shade tolerance and the physiology TO7057a1 Land/atmosphere exchange of NO., D Fowler of rooting in tropical trees TO1060p5 Domestication of Cameroon fnut R R B Leakey 03 and NH3 (dry deposition) TO7057d5 Land/atmosphere exchange of methane D Fowler trees TO7057h2 Deposition of lead 210 TO1060s1 Tropical tree improvement training J Dick R Mourne TO7057j1 Fluxes of nitrous oxide and methane TO1060v1 AMSAL Phase 2, Kenya R R B Leakey D Fowler TO1060x1 Cameroon forest management G J Lawson from agncultural and natural ecosystems TO7057k5 Fate of nitrogen compounds around and regeneration D Fowler the North Sea TO1060y1 Tropical trees potential for R R B Leakey domestication, rebuilding forest resources T07058-5 Atmospheric pollution modelling J N Cape and chemistry TO1061a3 The effects of fann woodland size, A D Watt TO7058a2 The chemical composition of rainfall J N Cape shape, structure and species TO7058c1 composition on insect diversity Nitrogen chemistry on Great Dun Fell D Fowler

T07059-5 Effects of atmospheric pollutants D Fowler/ Programme 2 Land use, agriculture and on trees J N Cape the environment TO7059b5 Open-top chamber studies on spruce D Fowler and beecla TO2051u5 Land use in Scotland B G Bell TO7059e5 Effects of acid mist on mature trees A Crossley TO7059h5 Throughfall and stemflow studies J N Cape Programme 3 Global environmental change Programme 13 Scientific services TO3054a6 Modelling carbon dioxide exchange R C Dewar at regional scales T13054b2 Uthsation of LIBERTAS in ITE L M Scoular TO305516 Process-based modelling of M G R Cannell/ libraries cataloguing grasslands and forests J H M Thornley T13054d2 Utilisation of LIBERTAS in ITE S M Adair CO2 and climate effects libranes senals management

87 T1305412 Use of Email over JANET for L Dickson TO106212 Interactions between mineral A F Harrison interlibrary loans nutrition of plants and air pollution, particularly CO2 T13059-5 Edinburgh scientific support M G R Cannell TO1062m5 Application of the nutrient deficiency A F Harrison services root bioassays to forests T13059a2 Glasshouses and nursery support R F Ott ley and development T13059e2 Controlled environmental facilities at R Milne Programme 2 Land use, agriculture and ITE Edinburgh the environment T13059f2 Operation of the Rivox field site R Milne T13059g2 Biometncs research and consultancy R I Smith T02051-5 Land use change and R G H Bunce at ITE Edinburgh ecological impacts TO2051m5 Countryside survey 1990 C J Barr TO2051n2 Extending the use of the Merlewood land C J Barr classification system liaison and collaboration ITE NORTH — MERLEWOOD RESEARCH TO205102 Land use data management and C J Barr STATION integration at ITE Merlewood TO2051p2 The application of Geographical D C Howard Information Systems (GIS) to the Merlewood Programme 1 Forest science land use data base TO2051v3 Collaboration with NERC/ESRC R G H Bunce 7101051-5 Mycological and faunal processes j Dighton land use programme (NELUP) in carbon and nutrient flux in soil TO2051w1 Northern Ireland countryside survey R G H Bunce and soil/root interactions TO1051a2 Role of fungi in nutnent cycling with j C Frank land T02064-5 Environmental impact j M Sykes special reference to Mycena galopus assessment - ITEN Merlewood in forest soil TO2064b1 Shetland saltmarsh survey R Scott TO1051g2 A mechanistic approach to the study j Dighton TO2064e5 National survey of natural ecosystems D K Lindley of the role of extramatncal hyphae of in Korea mycorrhizal associations in nutrient uptake TO2065d3 Population dynamics associated with J Dighton T01054-2 Ecological effects of forest J M Sykes cereal straw microbial and earthworm management dynamics in relation to straw as a resource unit TO1054a2 Effects of pure and mixed S M C Robertson (JAEP) stands on soils, vegetation and waters TO1054e2 Effects of clearfelling in pure S M C Robertson T02068-5 Detection of environmental j M Sykes and mixed stands on soil water chemistry change TO1054f2 Effects of afforestation on fauna and flora j M Sykes TO2068b2 Environmental change network J M Sykes TO1054g2 Long-term dynamics of semi-natural J M Sykes forest ecosystems T0105412 Rehabilitation of npanan zones J K Adamson Programme 3 Global environmental change following deadening of coniferous forest TO3050a6 1 Crop yield and 13C/12C ratios over D S Powlson/ TO105412 Kershope soil analysis, data analysis J K Adamson the last 150 years as indicators of A F Harrison and paper writing atmosphenc change 2 Carbon isotope techniques to measure T01062-5 Organic matter and nutrient A F Harrison carbon turnover in soils dynamics in forest and upland soils TO3055c6 CO2 fertilisation effects on P Ineson TO1062a2 Modelling chemical and biological E W Tipping/ decomposition processes processes in acid upland soils A F Harrison TO3055e6 Field experiment study of the effects of P hieson TO1062b5 Effects of climate management A F Harrison global warming on carbon turnover in practices and vegetation development upland soils on plant nutrition/soil relationships TO1062d1 Application of nutrient bioassays to j Dighton TO3064g6 Measurement of trace gas fluxes in P Ineson eucalyptus forest management forest and upland soils TO1062f1 Fast-growing tree project, KArnataka, A F Harrison India T03090-3 Arctic terrestrial ecology T V Callaghan TO1062g5 Rehabilitation of Acacia fallow D K Lindley (special topic programme) systems and nutnent dynamics in the TO3090c3 Arctic ecosystems and T V Callaghan Blue Nile region, eastern Sudan environmental change TO1062h5 The scientific management of D K Lindley renewable natural resources in China Programme 7 Environmental pollution T0106215 Nutrient cycling in European forests P hieson TO1062k1 Acacia tree fallows in the D K Lindley T07050-5 Radionuclides in vegetation and A D Horrill Sudan/Senegal soil

88 TO7050c5 Post-Chernobyl radiation levels in R Moss/ T07054e1 Subcontract to Nottingham University M Homung/ soils and vegetation A D Hornll J Colls TO7050h5 The role of the htter layer in the A D Hornll T07054g5 ENCORE M Hornung recycling of caesium isotopes in upland T07054h5 Modelling cntical loads of N M Hornung Britain T0705432 Modelling the effects on water M Hornung TO705012 The absorption and recycling of A D Hornll quality of liming in upland catchments plutonium in plants T0705415 Controls on nitrate leaching in Welsh A F Harrison T0705032 Advisory committees on radionuclide A D Hornll forests research T07054m5 Changes in acidity of Moor House M Hornung TO7050k5 Radioactivity in natural ecosystems — A D Hornll soils EEC II T07054n1 Costs of ecological impacts of the M Hornung T0705012 Rachoecology computer-based V H Kennedy coal energy cycle bibliography TO7050m2 Development and calibration of B J Howard T07055k3 Interaction of enhanced N loading on M Homung mechanistic models for radionuclide soil nutrient dynamics and forest growth uptake from soils T07056q5 Carbon cycling and climate change P JR Howard TO7050n2 Uptake of radionuchdes by and J Dighton distribution within basidiomycete fungi Programme 8 Population ecology TO7050o I Monitoring of radionuclides in A D tidally inundated pastures T08052-5 Plant strategies: response to T V Callaghan environmental stress T07051-5 Radionuclide—animal transfers B J Howard TO8052a2 Plant responses to environmental T V Callaghan TO7051c2 Comparative radioecology of N A Beresford stress at high latitudes Ag-110m and Cs-137 TO8052b5 Strategies of growth and population T V Callaghan TO7051d1 The dynamics of radionuchde uptake B J Howard dynamics of tundra plants related to by sheep climatic change T0705 lfl Development of a method to rapidly B J Howard TO8052d2 Carbon isotope discrimination and J M Welker predict the availability of radiocaesium water use efficiency in arctic clonal plants to animal products after an accidental discharge TO8052e2 Sources of water for polar semi-desert J M Welker TO7051g5 Factors affecting radionuchde B J Howard vegetation transfer to ruminants TO8052f2 Winter ecology in the high arctic of J M Welker T0705111 Behaviour of S-35 in ruminants B J Howard Svalbard plant/animal interactions in TO7051)1 Identification of hot spots in N A Beresford snow-free and snow-lying areas restricted areas Programme 13 Scientific services T07052-5 Geochemistry of radionuclides A D Horrill TO7052d2 Radiochemical development A D Hornll T13054-2 ITE library services J Beckett TO7052e2 Immobilisation of radioactive caesium A D T13054e2 Data base of ITE staff pubhcations J Beckett in upland soils TO7052g2 Association of the actuude elements A D Hornll T13055-5 ITE chemical research and J A Parkinson with soil organic matter development T13055a2 Chemical support studies J A Parlanson T07053-5 Soil microbial response to P Ineson T1305512 Merlewood Analytical Section A P Rowland pollutants accreditation scheme T13055)2 Data base for Merlewood Analytical TO7053a1 Effects of forest fumigation with SO, and J Dighton A P Rowland 03 on roots and mycorrhizas of trees Section records TO7053b1 Effects of air pollution P Ineson T1305512 Analytical group methods book J D Roberts TO7053c2 Effects of atmosphenc pollution on J Dighton update and revision mycorrhizas T13055m5 Analyses for certification of ramwater J A Parlanson TO7053d2 Effects of sulphur dioxide on litter- J C Frankland/ international standard reference matenal decomposing fungi in deciduous P Ineson woodland T13056-4 NERC mass spectrometer C Quarmby TO7053e5 Liming and faunal inoculation of J K Adamson service forest soils T13056a2 NERC mass spectrometer service C Quarmby TO7053f2 Effects of sulphur dioxide on fungal P Ineson/ decomposition of tree leaf litter J C Frankland T13057-5 Merlewood scientific support D K Lindley services T07054-5 Acid deposition and its effects M Hornung T13057a2 Graphics and publications C B Benefield TO7054a5 Cntical loads of acidity, N and S for M Hornung T13057b2 Biometrics and modelling support D K Lindley soils services at Merlewood TO7054c1 Subcontract to Aberdeen University M Hornung/ T13057c1 HI. advice and services to J M Sykes M Cresser Nature Conservancy Council TO7054d1 Subcontract to Lancaster University M Hornung/ T13057e1 Experimental design course for D K Lindley T A Mansfield forestry staff, Nepal

89 ITE NORTH — BANCHORY R.ESEARCH STATION Programme 9 Community ecology

Programme 1 Forest science T09050-5 Dynamics of upland and J Miles montane plant communities TO1061j3 Interactions between farm forestry M Gorman/ TO9050d1 Response of Gentiana walls B W Staines and the population biology and B W Staines population to withdrawal of sheep grazing dispersion of roe deer TO9050f2 Vegetation dynamics and soils J Miles TO905012 Dynamics of Macchia S Mazzolem TO9050k2 Deer in production forests B W Stames/D Welch Programme 2 Land use, agriculture and T0905012 Response of Sitka spruce to browsing D Welch/ the environment and bark-stripping damage B W Staines TO9050m2 Competition and niche segregation B W Staines T02050-5 Human impact, erosion N G Bayfield in red and roe deer rehabilitation TO9050n5 Selection of individual plants within B W Staines TO2050b1 Revegetation after disturbance J Miles species by herbivores (JAEP) TO2050d1 Aonach Mor development plan N G Bayfield TO9050o5 The influence of vegetation pattern D Welch TO2050e1 Footpath rehabilitation studies for N G Bayfield on the distribution and foraging strategies the Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee of hill sheep and red deer (JAEP) TO2050h1 Restoration of upland vegetation N G Bayfield TO9050p1 Blaeberry autecology D Welch T0205011 Path revegetation trials on the N G Bayfield TO9050q2 Habitat use by wild boar in Tuscany G Massei Pennine Way TO9050r2 Habitat use by red and roe deer in E Bruno TO205011 Aonach Mor N G Bayfield Abruzzo TO2050q1 NIREX deep repository study N G Bayfield TO9050s2 The effects of culling in roe deer B W Staines TO2050r1 Glas Maol monitoring D Welch populations TO2050s1 Development opportunities in the B W Staines TO9050t1 Recreation and red deer B W Staines natural environment TO2050t1 North-western ethylene pipeline N G Bayfield project Programme 13 Scientific services

TO2051x1 Land cover data base for Scotland R P Cummins T13053-5 Services at ITE Banchory B W Staines T13053a1 Ecological advisory appointment with J Miles Scottish Development Department Programme 7 Environmental pollution T13053c1 Brathens consultancies B W Staines T13053d2 Computing and statistical advice P J Bacon TO7050c5 Post-Chemobyl radiation levels in soils R Moss/ T13053e1 Scottish Office consultancy J Miles and vegetation A D Horrill T13055f2 Scientific community services B W Staines

Programme 8 Population ecology ITE SOUTH — MONKS WOOD TO8050-5 Vertebrate population dynamics R Moss and upland habitat geometry Programme 1 Forest science TO8050a2 Population dynamics of cycling and R Moss non-cycling tetraomds TO8050c5 Population ecology of capercmflie R Moss T01061-3 Farm forestry T W Parr TO8050f5 Adaptation of capercaillie to novel R Moss (special topic programme) environments TO1061b3 Vegetation development in relation to MO Hill TO8050g2 Population genetics of mute swans P J Bacon soil, site and tree species in new farm TO8050h2 Red grouse rearing and release R Moss woodland predictive models of colonisation T0805012 Epiderruology of Thchostrongylus R Moss and succession tenur TO1061g3 Crop pollination the role of farm S A Corbet/ woodlands as reservoirs for flower- R H Marrs T08051-5 Population ecology of predators H Kruuk visiting insects TO8051c2 The effects of environmental factors on H Kruuk TO1061h3 Island biogeography of farm M B Usher/ populations of otters and fish in the north of woodlands M D Hooper Scotland TO1061k3 The introduction of ancient woodland A J Morton/ TO8051d5 Piscivorous birds in Scottish salmon M Marquiss field layer species into secondary M 0 Hill rivers woodland TO8051e5 Ecology of the pine marten D Balhan-y TO8051h5 Monitoring of seabird populations M P Hams Programme 2 Land use, agriculture and and performance in the North Sea the environment T0805112 Feeding ecology and energetics of M P Hams high and low latitude shags T02052-5 EIC remote sensing R M Fuller T0805111 Oil spill contingency J W H Conroy TO2052a2 Information extraction from imagery R M Fuller

90 TO2052e1 Remote sensing in the Less Favoured A R Jones for decision-malang in ecological Areas models or rural land use plannmg assessment of afforestation schemes TO2052f5 Charactensaton of grassland type and A R Jones condition using remote sensing T02056-5 Grassland ecology T C E Wells T0205212 Remote sensing in EIC R M Fuller TO2056c2 Population studies on terrestrial T C E Wells T0205212 EIC marketing — remote sensing J C Metcalfe orchids TO2052m5 Remote sensing the land cover of TO2056e1 Autecology of rare species T C E Wells Great Bntam R M Fuller TO2052n5 Remote sensing in the countryside R M Fuller T02057-5 Historical aspects of environmental J Sheail survey 1990 management TO2057a5 Histoncal aspects of environmental J Shea. T02053-5 Ecological data management G L Radford perception TO2053a2 Digital cartographic service N J Brown TO2057b2 Synthesis of the development of J Sheail TO2053b 1 EEC Conne biotopes project D Moss environmental sciences in NERC TO2053e2 Data cataloguing and management G L Radford TO2053h2 National map data base G L Radford T02059-5 Wetland dynamics and T C E Wells TO205312 GIS demonstrator G L Radford management TO205332 EIC co-ordination B K Wyatt TO2059b5 Land use and ecology of Swavesey K H Lakham TO2053k3 GIS for morutonng and modelling G L Radford Fens the fauna and flora in relation to both land cover established and changing management T0205312 EIC marketing — spatial data (GIS) J C Metcalfe TO2059c5 Environmental impact of flood J Sheail TO2053m5 A GIS for conservation in Wales G L Radford protection measures on the water TO2053n1 Extension of Conne biotopes D Moss regimes of wildlife habitats recording to central Europe TO2059d1 The effects of nitrogen on species T C E Wells diversity and agricultural production T02054-5 EIC Biological Records Centre P T Harding on the Somerset Moors TO2054a5 EIC-BRC botanical recording C D Preston TO2059f1 Wetland restoration — techmques J Sheail schemes for an integrated approach TO2054b5 EIC-BRC vertebrate recording H R Arnold schemes T02065-3 Ecology of farmland (JAEP) D Osborn TO2054c2 EIC-BRC non-manne Isopoda P T Harding TO2065g3 Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes M B Usher/ TO2054d5 EIC-BRC terrestnal and freshwater B C Eversham species dispersal, patch dynamics M D Hooper invertebrate recording schemes schemes and island biogeography (JAEP) TO2054e5 EIC-BRC Biological Records Centre P T Harding TO2065k3 The role of dispersal in maintaining I Newton co-ordmation bird populations in small woods on TO2054f2 EIC-BRC population fluctuations in C D Preston farmland (JAEP) annual legumes T02070-2 TO2054g5 EIC-BRC data management C E Appleby Successional models for predicting M 0 Hill TO2054h5 EIC-BRC butterfly monitoring P T Harding ecological effects of changing scheme agricultural practices T0205415 EIC-BRC data base and atlas of C D Preston TO2070a2 Development of successional models M 0 Hill aquatic plants TO2070b2 Plant dispersal within and between M 0 Hill T02054j2 EIC-BRC data analysis and P T Harding habitats mterpretaton TO2070c12 Neighbourhood relationships in P D Carey TO2054k2 EIC-BRC ecological and B C Eversham establishing herb-nch grassland taxonomic studies of land slugs T0205412 EIC marketing — Biological Records J C Metcalfe Centre Programme 3 Global environmental change TO2054n5 Co-ordinating Commission for P T Harding Biological Recording (CCBR) programme T03057e6 Radar remote sensing and tropical G B Groom forestry inventory and carbon balance T02055-5 Environmental impact M D Hooper assessment T03085d6 Landscape dynamics and climate B K Wyatt TO2055b1 Channel Tunnel construction R C Welch change at regional and national scales momtonng terrestrial (& freshwater) ecology TO2055g1 Inner Thames Marshes SSSI, B C Eversham Programme 7 Environmental pollution Ramham TO2055h1 Ecological appraisal of Hurley Golf R C Welch T07061-5 Hazard assessment S Dobson Course at AFRC, IGAP site, Hurley TO7061a1 Hazard assessment of chemicals S Dobson T0205512 Interpretation of ecological J R Treweek TO7061d1 Environmental impact of pesticide B N K Davis mfomiaton in environmental impact dnft assessment TO7061e2 Insecticide spray drift and bioassay B N K Davis TO205532 Environmental assessment as a basis J R Treweek TO7061f5 Birds and pollution I Newton

91 TO7061g1 Analysis of biological and other M C French T08068c2 Relatedness in sparrowhawks I Newton environmental samples T08068d2 Relatedness in other birds of prey I Newton TO7061k1 Task group for World Health S Dobson Organisation Programme 9 Community ecology T0706111 Environmental assessments - Taiwan S Dobson T07061m1 Landfill operations and the D Osborn contamination of wildlife T09052-2 Heath and moorland systems R H Marrs T09052d1 Bracken distribution and management R H Marrs T07062-S Aquatic ecology and ecotoxicology K R Bull TO7062a1 National cntcal loads mapping K R Bull T09053-5 Ecological processes in woodland M 0 Hill programme TO9053a2 Autecology of selected species on M 0 Hill TO7062f2 Modelling of atmospheric deposition into K R Bull farm woodland catchments TO9053c2 Modelling succession in farm woodland M 0 Hill TO9053d2 Invertebrate fauna of native and R C Welch T07069-5 Ecological consequences of K R Bull/ introduced broadleaved trees in Bntam clintate change N R C Webb T0905315 Computerisation of National Vegetation M 0 Hill TO7069a5 Apphcaton of GIS to climate change K R Bull/ Classification studies G L Radford TO7069b1 Department of the Environment climate M 0 Hill/ Programme 13 Scientific services change modelling programme J P Grime TO7069e2 Application of remote sensing B K Wyatt/ T13054c2 Development of current awareness M Palmer technique to climate change studies A R Jones services in 1TElibranes TO7069f5 Comparative studies of salt marsh L A Boorman processes T13060-2 Statistical services in ITE South K H Lakhani TO7069g2 Climate change, sea level rise and L A Boorman T13060a2 Estimation of population parameters K H Lakham the English coast T13060b2 Statistical consultancy for K H Lakharn TO7069h5 Modelling effects of climate change on M 0 Hill Monks Wood/ITE/NERC species distribution T13060c2 Biometncal research T H Sparks T0706912 Effect of climate on population R H Marrs T13060d2 Statistical advice - Monks Wood and T H Sparks dynamics of heathlands Bangor TO7069)5 Monitoring ecological change and T C E Wells/ plant species - a critical loads R H Marrs T13061-1 ITE South consultancies T M Roberts approach T13061a1 Small consultancies at riE M D Hooper TO7069k2 Influence of climatic factors on C P Cummins Monks Wood amphibian breeding success

T07070-5 Ecotoxicology of terrestrial D Osborn/ ITE SOUTH — FURZEBROOK RESEARCH STATION vertebrates S Dobson TO7070a2 Avian ecotoxicology S Dobson Programme 2 Land use, agriculture and TO7070b5 Mammalian ecotoxicology R F Shore the environment TO7070d2 Detecting subtle impacts of pollutants D Osborn on individuals TO2065o3 Ecological and genetic factors A J Gray TO7070e5 The effects of liming moorland on R F Shore contributing to the decline in certain small mammal populations arable weed species (JAEP) TO7070f5 Rodenticides and barn owls I Newton TO2065p3 Fertiliser, liming and management M G Morns TO7070h2 Ecotoxicology chemical analysis M C French effects on invertebrate community T0707011 Ecotoxicological testing on bats R Shore dynamics (JAEP)

T07073-5 Interactive effects of pesticides A S Dawson Programme 7 Environmental pollution TO7073a5 Pesticide interactions reproductive A S Dawson and field effects T07069-5 Ecological consequences of K R Bull/ TO7073b4 Pesticide interactions biochemical A S Dawson climate change N R Webb effects T0706912 Invertebrate geographical ranges and L K Ward climate Programme 8 Population ecology T07069n2 Invasion potential of ants G W Elmes T07069o2 Butterfly monitoring scheme and J A Thomas climate change T08054-2 Population dynamics I Newton T07069s1 Climate change impacts on G W Elmes T08054a2 Population ecology of sparrowhawks I Newton conservation (Phases 1 and 2) (Accipiter nisus) Programme 8 Population ecology T08055-5 Birds on farmland I Newton T08055c2 Tawny owls in fragmented habitats S M Redpath T08057-5 Migratory wader ecology J D Goss-Custard T08068-5 Molecular ecology A J Gray/I Newton T08057a2 Predator/prey interactions J D Goss-Custard

92 between the oystercatcher and mussel TO8057b2 Winter feeding ecology of S E A Duren juvenile oystercatchers TO8057c2 Habitat contraction, breeding J D Goss-Custard density and reproductive output in waders TO8057h5 Birds in estuanes J D Goss-Custard Programme 13 Scientific services T0805711 Feasibility study on gas pipelines S McGrorty T0805731 Cardiff Bay barrage bill J D Goss-Custard T13060e2 Statistical and computing services at R T Clarke Furzebrook T08058-5 Resident vertebrate ecology R E Kenward T13060f2 Statistical and computing services for R T Clarke TO8058a5 Squirrel demography and R E Kenward the IFE River Laboratory conservation T13060g2 Biometncal research at ITE Furzebrook R T Clarke TO8058e2 Breeding success and survival in the C J Reading common toad TO8058f2 Ecology and population dynanucs of C J Reading T13061-1 ITE South consultancies T M Roberts the grass-snake (Natnx natnx helvetica) T13061b1 Small consultancies at ITE Furzebrook M G Moms TO8058g5 Developing software for radiotag R E Kenward studies TO8058h5 Population dynamics and R E Kenward ITE SOUTH — BANGOR RESEARCH UNIT requirements of raptors T0805835 Population dynamics and R E Kenward biomonitonng of sea-eagles Programme 2 Land use, agriculture and the environment T08059-5 Plant genecology A J Gray TO8059b2 Spartna population ecology A J Gray T02067-5 Land use research overseas J E G Good TO8059c2 Genetic vanation in wetland species R E Daniels T02067a2 Land use ecology in Morocco L S Anderson TO8059k2 ISP seed protein study A J Gray T02067b1 Forest hydrology and soil erosion P A Stevens TO8059n1 Broad Oak Water ecological survey R E Daniels in Jamaica TO8059o1 Plant as detoxifiers R E Daniels T02067d2 Clonal selection for tolerance of J E G Good drought and salinity in semi-and zone TO8060-5 Butterfly and ant studies j A Thomas trees and shrubs TO8060a5 The conservation of the large blue J A Thomas T02067e1 Development of a research L S Anderson butterfly programme in modelling agroforestry TO8060c2 Social biology and socioecology of G W Elmes systems genus Mynnica TO8060d2 Ant/butterfly interactions J A Thomas/G W Elmes Programme 7 Environmental pollution TO8060e2 Population ecology of Mynnica G W Elmes TO8060g1 Black hairstreak habitat creation - M40 J A Thomas T07064-5 Response of ecosystems T W Ashenden TO8060h2 Ant interactions in Brunei rainforest G W Elmes to pollution TO7064a5 Pollution study of Wales T W Ashenden T08068-5 Molecular ecology A J Gray/I Newton TO7064c2 Effects of acid mist on arctic- T W Ashenden TO8068a2 Gene flow in Brassica A J Gray alpines TO8068b2 Ant sociobiology G W Elmes TO7064d2 Trace metals in terrestrial TO8068f1 Genetically modified crops and A F Raybould ecosystems their wild relatives TO7064g2 Engineering development C R Rafarel TO8068g1 Gene flow in natural populations of A J Gray (mechanical and electronic) Brassica and Beta T0706415 Cntical loads of N and S deposition T W Ashenden to semi-natural vegetation T08071-4 Biodiversity of ants in G W Ehnes/ TO7064m5 Effects of increasing concentrations T W Ashenden Brunei rainforest R May of carbon dioxide on grassland communities TO7064n5 Nitrogen dioxide survey of Wales T W Ashenden Programme 9 Community ecology TO7064o5 Cntical loads of pollutants T W Ashenden for semi-natural ecosystems in Wales T09055-5 Heathland impacts N R Webb TO9055e2 Heathland invertebrates N R Webb TO7069m2 Climate and high-altitude invertebrates A Buse TO9055n1 Dorset oilfield biological monitoring R E Daniels TO7069p2 Effects of elevated concentrations T W Ashenden TO9055o1 West Wellow bypass ecological L K Ward of carbon dioxide on upland appraisal vegetation TO9055r1 Ecological survey of Dorset N R Webb T07072-5 Upland nitrogen dynamics B Reynolds heathland fragment TO7072a5 Nitrogen cntical load experiment B A Emmett TO7072b5 Forest nitrogen survey P A Stevens T09056-5 Grassland and scrub dynamics M G Morris T07072c 1 Phosphorus fertilisation experiment P A Stevens TO9056a2 Grassland management - M G Moms TO7072d5 Estimation of atmosphenc inputs B Reynolds invertebrates to catchments TO9056d2 Demography and conservation of scrub L K Ward TO7072e2 Effects of increased nitrogen B A Emmett

93 deposition on soil nutnent leaching TO7072f5 Fate of applied lime in an acid B Reynolds heath at Llyn Bnanne TO7072g5 Catchment manipulations at Llyn B Reynolds Bnanne TO7072h5 Biochemical consequences of climate B A Emmett change upon npanan wetlands T0707212 Modelhng upland nitrogen dynamics B Reynolds TO7072j2 Solute pathways in upland catchments B Reynolds

Progamme 9 Community ecology

T09054-5 Montane ecology J E G Good T09054g2 Status of the Snowdon beetle A Buse T09054h2 Exploitation of montane habitats by A G Thomson free-ranging sheep T0905431 Grassland re-establishment, J E G Good Glynneath T09054k5 Revegetation of land disturbed by J E G Good hydroelectnc pipeline replacement at Cwm Dyh, Snowdon T0905411 Effects of grazing on upland A Buse invertebrates in Snowdoma T09054m5 Modelling rhododendron invasion A G Thomson in Wales

Programme 13 Scientific services

T13061-1 ITE South consultancies T M Roberts T13061c1 Small consultancies at ITE Bangor J E G Good

94 Appendix 4. Publications by ITE staff, 1991-92

1. Papers in refereed journals

(Aebischer,N.J.) & Wanless,S. 1992 Baxter,R., (Emes,M.J. & Lee,J.A.) Bull,K.R. & Hall,J.R. 1992 A Relationships between colony size, adult 1992 Effects of an experimentally classification of acidified catchments in non-breeding and environmental applied increase in ammonium on Bntain Environmental Pollution, 75, 323— conditions for shags Phalacrocorax growth and amino-acid metabolism of 332 anstotehs on the Isle of May, Scotland Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh ex Hoffm Bird Study, 39, 43-52 from differently polluted areas New Caldow,R.W.G. & (Furness,R.W.) Phytologist, 120, 265-274 1991 The relationship between Ashenden,T.W., Rafarel,C.R. & kleptoparasitism and plumage Bell,S.A. 1991 Exposure of two upland Ashenden,T.W. & polymorphism in the Arctic skua plant species to acidic fogs Rafarel,C.R. 1992 Effects of rural Stercoranus parasiticus (L ) Functional Environmental Pollution, 74, 217-225 roadside levels of nitrogen dioxide on Ecology, 5, 331-339 Polytnchum fonnosum Hedw (Atkinson,C.J.), Wookey,P.A. & Environmental Pollution, 76, 11-14 Cape,J.N. & Vogt,T.C. 1991 (Mansfield,T.A.) 1991 Atmosphenc Application of Hartel's turbidity test pollution and the sensitivity of stomata on Beresford,N.A. & Howard,B.J. 1991 across Europe C4nadian Journal of barley leaves to abscisic acid and carbon The importance of soil adhered to Forest Research, 21, 1423-1429 dioxide New Phytologist, 117, 535-541 vegetation as a source of radionuchdes ingested by grazing animals Science of Cape,J.N., Brown,A.H.F., Bacon,P.J. & (Beekman,J.) 1991 the Total Environment, 107, 237-254 Robertson,S.M.C., Howson,G. & Models of swan population dynamics and Paterson,LS. 1991 Interspecies growth — a review (Proceedings of the comparisons of throughfall and stemflow Beresford,N.A., Howard,B.J., 3rd IWRB International Swan Symposium, at three sites in northern Britain Forest Barnett,C.L. & (Crout,N.M.J.) Oxford, 1989) Wildfowl, Suppl no 1, 1992 Ecology and Management, 46, 165-177 327-335 The uptake by vegetation of Chernobyl and aged radiocaesium in upland west Cape,J.N., Leith,I.D., Fowler,D., (Baker,J.R., Briggs,S.A., Gordon,V.), Cumbna Journal of Environmental Murray,M.B., Sheppard,L.J., Radioactivity, 16, 181-195 jones,A.R., (Settle,J.J., Eamus,D. & Wilson,R.H.F. 1991 Townshend,J.R.G.) & Wyatt,B.K. Sulphate and ammonium in mist impair 1991 Advances in classification for land (Beswick,K.M.), Hargreaves,K.J., the frost hardening of red spruce cover mapping using SPOT HRV (Gallagher,M.W., Choularton,T.W.) seedlings New Phytologist, 118, 119-126 imagery International Journal of Remote & Fowler,D. 1991 Size-resolved Sensing, 12, 1071-1085 measurements of cloud droplet Cape,J.N., Sheppard,L.J., Fowler,D., deposition velocity to a forest canopy Harrison,A.F., Parkinson,J.A., Bardgett,R.D. 1991 The use of the using an eddy correlation technique (Dao,P.) & Paterson,LS. 1992 membrane filter technique for Quarterly Journal of the Royal Contribution of canopy leaching to comparative measurements of hyphal Meteorological Society, 117, 623-645 sulphate deposition in a Scots pine forest lengths in different grassland sites Environmental Pollution, 75, 229-236 Agnculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Billington,H.L. & Pelham,J. 1991 34, 115-119 Genetic variation in the date of budburst Chapman,S.B. & Rose,R.J. 1991 in Scottish birch populations imphcations Changes in the vegetation at Coom Rigg (Bart,J., Earnst,S.) & Bacon,P.J 1991 for climatic change Functional Ecology, Moss National Nature Reserve within the Comparative demography of the swans 5, 403-409 penod 1958-86 Journal of Apphed a review (Proceedings of the 3rd IWRB Ecology, 28, 140-153 International Swan Symposium, Oxford, (Blenkinsopp,S.A., Gabbott,P.A.), 1989) Wildfowl, Suppl no 1,15-21 Freeman,C. & (Lock,M.A.) 1991 (Choularton,T.W., Wicks,A.J., Seasonal trends in nver biofilm storage Downer,R.M., Gallagher,M.W., Baxter,R., (Emes,M.J. & Lee,J.A.) products and electron transport system Penkett,S.A., Bandy,B.J., 1991 Short term effects of bisulphite on activity Freshwater Biology, 26, 21-34 Dollard,G.J., jones,B.H.R., pollution-tolerant and pollution sensitive Davies,T.D., Gay,M.J., Tyler,B.J.), populations of Sphagnum cuspidatum Brown,A.H.F. & (Ues,M.A.) 1991 Fowler,D., Cape,J.N. & Ehrh (ex Hoffrn ) New Phytologist, 118, Water chemistry profiles under four tree Hargreaves,K.J. 1992 A field study of 425-431 species at Gisburn, NW England the generation of nitrate in a hill cap Forestry, 64, 169-187 cloud Environmental Pollution, 75, 69-73 Baxter,R., (Emes,M.J. & Lee,J.A.) 1991 Transition metals and the ability of Bull,K.R. 1991 The critical loads/levels Clint,G.M., Dighton,J. & Rees,S sphagnum to withstand the phytotoxic approach to gaseous pollutant emission 1991 Influx of 137Cs into hyphae of effects of the bisulphite ion New control Environmental Pollution, 69, 105— basidiomycete fungi Mycological Phytologist, 118, 433-439 123 Research, 95, 1047-1051

95 Clint,G.M., Harrison,A.F. & factor limiting predation of aphids importance of the egg-mass in the Howard,D.M. 1992 Rates of leaching of (Hemiptera Aphididae) by staphyhmd activity of normal queens and 137Cs and potassium from different plant beetles (Coleoptera Staphylimdae) nucrogynes of Myrinica rubra L (Hym htters Journal of Environmental cereals Bulletin of Entomological Formicidae) Insectes Sociaux, 38, 51-62 Radioactivity, 16, 65-76 Research, 81, 25-31 Elmes,G.W., Wardlaw,J.C. & Crossley,A., Wilson,D.B. & Milne,R. (Desmet,G.M., Vanloon,L.R.) & Thomas,J.A. 1991 Larvae of Maculmea 1992 Pollution in the upland Howard,B.J. 1991 Chemical speciation rebeb, a large-blue butterfly and their environment Environmental Pollution, 75, and bioavailability of elements in the Myrmica host ants patterns of caterpillar 81-88 environment and their relevance to growth and survival Journal of Zoology, radioecology Science of the Total 224, 79-92 (Crout,N.M.J.), Beresford,N.A. & Environment, 100, 105-124 Howard,B.J. 1991 The radioecological Emmett,B.A. & Quarmby,C. 1991 consequences for lowland pastures used Dewar,R.C. 1992 Inverse modelling The effect of harvesting intensity on the to fatten upland sheep contaminated with and the global carbon cycle Trends in fate of applied IN-ammonium to the radiocaesium Science of the Total Ecology and Evolution, 7, 105-107 organic honzons of a coniferous forest in Environment, 103, 73-87 N Wales Biogeochemistry, 15, 47-63 Dick,J.McP., (Jarvis,P.G.) & Davis,B.N.K., Lakhani,K.H., Leakey,R.R.B. 1991 Influence of male Emmett,B.A., (Anderson,J.M.) & Yates,T.J. & Frost,A.J. 1991 Bioassays and female cones on needle CO2 Hornung,M. 1991 The controls on of insecticide spray drift the effects of exchange rates of field-grown Pmus dissolved mtrogen losses following two wind speed on the mortality of Piens contorta Doug trees Functional Ecology, intensines of harvesting in a Sitka spruce brassmae larvae (Lepidoptera) caused by 5, 422-432 forest (N Wales) Forest Ecology and diflubenzuron Agnculture, Ecosystems Management, 41, 65-80 and Environment, 36, 141-149 Dighton,J. 1991 Acquisition of nutrients from organic resources by mycorrhizal Ernmeft,B.A., (Anderson,J.M.) & Davis,B.N.K., Lakhani,K.H. & autotrophic plants Expenenba, 47, 362— Hornung,M. 1991 Nitrogen sinks Yates,T.J. 1991 The hazards of 369 following two intensifies of harvesting in insecticides to butterflies of field a Sitka spruce forest (N Wales) and the margins Agriculture, Ecosystems and Dighton,J. & (Jansen,A.E.) 1991 effect on the establishment of the next Environment, 36, 151-161 Atmosphenc pollutants and crop Forest Ecology and Management, ectomycorrhizae more questions than 41, 81-93 Dawson,A. 1991 Effect of daylength on answers? Environmental Pollution, 73, the rate of recovery of photosensitivity in 179-204 (Evans,H.F., Stoakley,J.T., male starlings (Stumus vulgans) Journal Leather,S.R.) & Watt,A.D. 1991 of Reproduction and Fertility, 93, 521-524 Dighton,J., Clint,G.M. & Poskitt,J.M. Development of an integrated approach 1991 Uptake and accumulation of 137Cs to control of pine beauty moth in Dawson,A. 1991 The induction of by upland grassland soil fungi a Scotland Forest Ecology and photorefractonness and molt in starlings, potential pool of Cs immobilization Management, 39, 19-28 Sturnus vulgans, by continuous or Mycological Research, 95, 1052-1056 intemuttent long days Physiological (Fahey,T.J.), 11111,M.O., Zoology, 64, 1252-1261 (Dore,A.J., Choularton,T.W.), Stevens,P.A., Hornung,M. & Fow1er,D. & Crossley,A. 1992 Rowland,A.P. 1991 Nutnent Dawson,A. 1991 Photopenodic control Orographic enhancement of snowfall accumulation in vegetation following of testicular regression and moult in male Environmental Pollution, 75, 175-180 conventional and whole-tree harvest of house sparrows Passer domesticus Ibis, Sitka spruce plantations in north Wales 133, 312-328 Eamus,D. & Murray,M.B. 1991 Forestry, 64, 271-288 Photosynthetic and stomatal conductance Dawson,A. & (Coleman,A.E.) 1991 responses of Norway spruce and beech (Fahey,T.J.), Stevens,P.A., Plasma LH concentrations in mute swans to ozone, acid mist and frost — a Hornung,M. & Rowland,A.P. 1991 Cygnus olor of different ages during conceptual model Environmental Decomposition and nutrient release from spring (Proceedings of the 3rd IWRB Pollution, 72, 23-44 logging residue following conventional International Swan Symposium, Oxford, harvest of Sitka spruce in north Wales 1989) Wildfowl, Suppl no 1,323-324 Forestry, 64, 289-301 Elmes,G.W. 1991 Mating strategy and isolation between the two forms, Dennis,P. 1991 The temporal and Fowler,D., (Duyzer,J.H. & macrogyna and microgyna, of Mynnica spatial distribution of arthropod Baldocchi,D.D.) 1991 Inputs of trace rugmodis (Hym Fornucidae) Ecological predators of the aphids Rhopalosiphum gases, particles and cloud droplets to Entomology, 16, 411-423 padi (L ) and Sitobion avenae (F ) terrestnal surfaces Proceedings of the cereals next to field-margin habitats Royal Society of Edinburgh, 97B, 35-39 Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Elmes,G.W. 1991 The social biology of Sciences, 5, 79-88 Myrmica ants Actes Collogues Insectes (France,J., Siddons,R.C., Sociaux, 7, 17-34 Dhanoa,M.S.) & Thornley,J.H.M. Dennis,P., (Wratten,S.D. & 1991 A unifying mathematical analysis of Sotherton,N.W.) 1991 Mycophagy as a Elmes,G.W. & (Brian,M.V.) 1991 The methods to estimate rumen volume using

96 digesta markers and intraruminal Environmental Pollution, 75, 53-59 canonical correspondence analysis sampling Journal of Theoretical Biology, Journal of Biogeography, 18, 247-255 150, 145-155 Harris,M.P. & Wanless,S. 1991 The importance of the lesser sandeel (Hislop,J.R.G.), Harris,M.P. & (Gallagher,M.W., Beswick,K., Ammodytes mannus in the diet of the (Smith,J.G.M.) 1991 Variation in the Choularton,T.W., Coe,H.), Fowler,D. shag Phalacrocorax arsitotelis Ornis calorific value and total energy content of & Hargreaves,K.J. 1992 Scandinavica, 22, 375-382 the lesser sandeel (Amrnodytes mar2nus) Measurements and modelling of and other fish preyed on by seabirds cloudwater deposition to moorland and Harris,M.P., (Heubeck,M. & Journal of Zoology, 224, 501-517 forests Environmental Pollution, 75, 97— Suddaby,D.) 1991 Results of an 107 examination of puffins Fratercula arctica Horrill,A.D. & Howard,D.M. 1991 washed ashore in Shetland in winter Chernobyl fallout in three areas of Goss-Custard,J.D., (Warwick,R.M., 1990-91 Seabird, 13, 63-66 upland pasture in west Curnbna Journal Kirby,R.), McGrorty,S., Clarke,R.T., of Radiological Protection, 11, 249-257 Pearson,B., Rispin,W.E., Harris,M.P., (Webb,A. & Durell,S.E.A.le V.dit & Rose,R.J. Tasker,M.L.) 1991 Growth of young Horrill,A.D., (Horrill,M. & 1991 Towards predicting wading bird guillemots Una aalge after leaving the Horrill,M.D.) 1991 Some densities from predicted prey densities colony Seabird, 13,40-44 environmental radioactivity in a post-barrage Severn estuary Journal measurements from Hams, Outer of Applied Ecology, 28, 1004-1026 Harrison,A.F., (Taylor,K., Hebndes, UK Environmentalist, 11, 181— Hatton,J.C.), Dighton,J. & 184 Goss-Custard,J.D., Caldow,R.W.G. Howard,D.M. 1991 Potential of a root & Clarke,R.T. 1992 Correlates of the bioassay for detenmning P-deficiency Howard,B.J., Beresford,N.A. & density of foraging oystercatchers high altitude grassland Journal of (Hove,K.) 1991 Transfer of Haematopus ostralegus at different Applied Ecology, 28, 277-289 radiocaesium to ruminants in natural and population sizes Journal of Animal semi-natural ecosystems and Ecology, 61, 159-173 Hartley,S.E: 1992 The insect galls on appropnate countermeasures Health willow Proceedings of the Royal Society of Physics, 61, 715-725 Gray,A.J., (Marshall,D.F.) & Edinburgh, 98B, 91-104 Raybould,A.F. 1991 A century of Howard,P.J.A. & Howard,D.M. 1991 evolution in Spartzna anglica Advances in Hartley,S.E. & (Lawton,j.H.) 1992 Inhibition of mtnfication by aqueous Ecological Research, 21, 1-62 Host-plant manipulation by gall-insects a extracts of tree leaf litters Révue test of the nutrition hypothesis Journal of d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 28, 255— Gray,S.N., (Wilding,N. & Animal Ecology, 61, 113-119 264 Markham,P.) 1991 In vitro germination of single comdia of the Haygarth,P.M., (Jones,K.C.) & Hughes,S. & Reynolds,B. 1991 Effects aphid-pathogenic fungus Etyma Harrison,A.F. 1991 Selenium cycling of clearfelling on microbial biomass neoaphidzs and phenotypic variation through agricultural grasslands in the UK phosphorus in the Oh horizon of an among sibling strains FEMS budgeting the role of the atmosphere afforested podzol in mid-Wales Soil Use Microbiology Letters, 79, 273-278 Science of the Total Environment, 103, 89— and Management, 7, 183-188 1 1 1 (Gresty,K.A.) & Quarmby,C. 1991 (Hunter,M.D.), Watt,A.D. & The tropluc level of Mytilicola mtestinalis (Hester,A.J.), Miles,J. & Docherty,M. 1991 Outbreaks of the Steuer (Copepoda Poecilostomatoida) (Gimingham,C.H.) 1991 Succession winter moth on Sitka spruce in Scotland Mytilus edulis L , as determined from from heather moorland to birch are not influenced by nutrient stable isotope analysis Bulletin of the woodland I Experimental alteration of deficiencies of trees, tree budburst, or Plankton Society of Japan, special vol , specific environmental conditions in the pupal predation Oecologia, 86, 62-69 363-371 field Journal of Ecology, 79, 303-315 (Hursthouse,A.S., Baxter,M.S.), (Hand,D.) & Thornley,J.H.M. 1992 (Hester,A.J.), Miles,J. & Livens,F.R. & (Duncan,H.J.) 1991 Malang hght work of cues Grower, 117 (Gimingham,C.H.) 1991 Succession Transfer of Sellafield-denved 2-37Npto (12), 7-11 from heather moorland to birch and within the terrestrial environment woodland II Growth and competition Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 14, (Hand,D.W., Clark,G., between Vaccinium myrtzllus, 147-174 Hannah,M.A.), Thornley,J.H.M. & Deschampsia .flexuosa and Agrostis (Wilson,J.W.) 1992 Measuring the capillans Journal of Ecology, 79, 317-328 (Hursthouse,A., Baxter,M.S., canopy net photosynthesis of glasshouse McKay,K.) & Livens,F.R. 1992 crops Journal of Expenmental Botany, 43, (Hester,A.J., Gimingham,C.H.) & Evaluation of methods for the assay of 375-381 Miles,J. 1991 Succession from heather neptunium and other long-hved actinides moorland to birch woodland III Seed in environmental matnces Journal of Hargreaves,K.J., Fowler,D., availability, germination and early Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Storeton-West,R.L. & (Duyzer,J.H.) growth Journal of Ecology, 79, 329-344 Articles, 157, 281-294 1992 The exchange of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone between Hill,M.O. 1991 Patterns of species Ineson,P., (Dutch,J. & pasture and the atmosphere distribution in Britain elucidated by 1991 Demtnfication in a Sitka spruce

97 plantation and the effect of clear-felling year-old plantation of Triplochiton starlings does not respond to short days Forest Ecology and Management, 44, 77- scleroxylon K Schum and its relation to until the birds are fully grown Journal of 92 the predictive test for branching habit Endocrinology, 132, 411-417 Silvae Genetica, 40, 130-135 (Johnson,E.E., O'Donnell,A.G.) & (Marjakangas,A.) & Moss,R. 1991 The Ineson,P. 1991 An autoradiographic Lakhani,K.H. 1990 Choice of models role of nutrition in population regulation of technique for selecting Cs-137-sorbing for estimating age-specific bird survival grouse Omis Scandmavica, 22, 295-296 microorganisms from soil Journal of rates using data from ringing recovenes Microbiological Methods, 13, 293-298 Ring, 13, 23-36 Marrs,R.H., Frost,A.J. & Plant,R.A. 1991 Effects of herbicide spray drift on aohnson,I.R., Melkonian,J.J.), (Lance,A., Thaxton,R.) & Watson,A. selected species of nature conservation Thornley,J.H.M. & (Riha,S.J.) 1991 A 1991 Recent changes in footpath width in interest the effects of plant age and model of water flow through plants the Caimgorms Scottish Geographical surrounding vegetation structure incorporating shoot/root 'message' control Magazine, 107, 106-109 Environmental Pollution, 69, 223-235 of stomatal conductance Plant, Cell and Environment, 14, 531-544 Livens,F.R. 1991 Chemical reactions of Marrs,R.H., Frost,A.J. & Plant,R.A. metals with hurruc material 1991 Effect of mecoprop drift on some (johnston,P.A., Stringer,R.L.) & Environmental Pollution, 70, 183-208 plant species of conservation interest French,M.C. 1991 Pollution of UK when grown in standardized mixtures in estuaries - historical and current Livens,F.R., Horrill,A.D. & imcrocosms Environmental Pollution, 73, problems Science of the Total Singleton,D.L. 1991 Distribution of 25-42 Environment, 106, 55-70 radiocaesium in the soil-plant systems of upland areas of Europe Health Physics, Marrs,R.H., Gough,M.W. & jones,H.E., Harrison,A.F., 60, 539-545 Griffiths,M. 1991 Soil chemistry and Poskitt,J.M., Roberts,J.D. & leaching losses of nutrients from semi- Clint,G.M. 1991 The effect of potassium Livens,F.R., Horrill,A.D. & natural grassland and arable soils on three nutrition on 137Cs uptake in two upland Singleton,D.L. 1992 Sampling and contrasting parent matenals Biological species Journal of Environmental measurement of transuranic elements in Conservation, 57, 257-271 Radioactivity, 14, 279-294 interstitial waters of sediments Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 43, 361-369 Marrs,R.H., Frost,A.J., Plant,R.A. & jones,H.E., Quarmby,C. & Harrison, Lunnis,P. 1992 Renal apphcations of AS. 1991 A root bioassay test for Lowe,V.P.W. 1991 Radionuclides and asulam a bioassay technique for nitrogen deficiency in forest trees Forest the birds at Ravenglass Environmental assessing buffer zones to protect sensitive Ecology and Management, 42, 267-282 Pollution, 70, 1-26 areas m upland Bntam Biological Conservation, 59, 19-23 (Krarnm,G., Muller,H.), Fowler,D., Lowe,V.P.W. & Horrill,A.D. 1991 (Hofken,K.D., Meixner,F.X. & Caesium concentration factors in wild Milne,R 1991 Dynamics of swaying of Schaller,E.) 1991 A modified profile herbivores and the fox (Vulpes vulpes L ) Picea sitchensis Tree Physiology, 9, 383- method for deterrmiung the vertical fluxes Environmental Pollution, 70, 93-107 399 of NO, NO3, ozone and HNO3 in the atmospheric surface layer Journal of (McDonald,M.A., Malcolm,D.C.) & (Morgan,S.M., Lee,J.A.) & Atmospheric Chemistry, 13, 265-288 Harrison,A.F. 1991 The use of a 32P Ashenden,T.W. 1992 Effects of nitrogen root bioassay to indicate the phosphorus oxides on nitrate assimilation in Kruuk,H. & Conroy,J.W.H. 1991 status of forest trees 1 Seasonal bryophytes New Phytologist, 120, 89-97 Mortality of otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland vanahon Canadian Journal of Forest Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 83-94 Research, 21, 1180-1184 Moss,R. 1991 Diet selection - an ecological perspective Proceechngs of the Kruuk,H. & Moorhouse,A. 1991 The (McDonald,M.A., Malcolm,D.C.) & Nutntion Society, 50, 71-75 spatial organisation of otters (Lutra lutra) Harrison,A.F. 1991 The use of a 3213 Shetland Journal of Zoology, 224, 41-58 root bioassay to indicate the phosphorus Moss,R. & Watson,A. 1991 Population status of forest trees 2 Spatial vanation cycles and kin selection in red grouse Kruuk,H., Conroy,J.W.H. & Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21, Lagopus lagopus scotrcus Ibis, 133, Moorhouse,A. 1991 Recnutment to a 1185-1193 Suppl 1,113-120 population of otters (Lutra lutra) Shetland, in relation to fish abundance McGrorty,S. & Goss-Custard,J.D. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 95-101 1991 Population dynamics of the mussel (Neal,C., Robson,A., jenkins,A.) & Mytrlus edulls spatial vanations in age- Reynolds,B. 1992 Prediction of future (Ladipo,D.O.), Leakey,R.R.B. & class densities of an intertidal estuanne short-term stream chemistry - a modelling (Grace,j.) 1991 Clonal variation in apical population along environmental approach Journal of Hydrology, 130, 87- dominance of Tnplochiton scleroxylon gradients Marine Ecology Progress 104 K Schum in response to decapitation Senes, 73, 191-202 Silvae Genetics, 40, 135-140 (Negussie,A.), Good,J.E.G. & McNaughton,F.J., Dawson,A. & (Mayhead,G.J.) 1991 The effect of pre- (Ladipo,D.O.), Leakey,R.R.B. & (Goldsmith,A.R.) 1992 Puberty in treatments and diurnal temperature (Grace,j.) 1991 Clonal variation in a four- birds the reproductive system of variations on the germination of Jumperus

98 excelsa International Tree Crops Journal, Reading,C.J. 1990 Molt pattern and Plateau, Mt Kilimanjaro Mammalia, 55, 7, 57-66 duration in a female northern goshawk 601-607 (Acapiter gentilm) Journal of Raptor Newton,I. 1991 Habitat vanaton and Research, 24(4), 91-97 Shore,R.F. & (Yalden,D.W.) 1991 The population regulation in sparrowhawks effect of different lubncant oils on capture Ibis, 133, Suppl 1,76-88 Reading,C.J. 1991 The relationship success in Longworth traps Journal of between body length, age and sexual Zoology, 225, 659-662 Newton,I. & (Galbraith,E.A.) 1991 matunty in the common toad, Bufo bufo Organochlonnes and mercury in the Holarctic Ecology, 14, 245-249 Shore,R.F., (Balment,R.J. & eggs of golden eagles Aquila chzysaetos Yalden,D.W.) 1991 The effect of habitat from Scotland Ibis, 133, 115-120 Reading,C.J., (Loman,J. & geology on calcium intake and calcium Madsen,T.) 1991 Breeding pond status of wild rodents Oecologia, 88, 539- Newton,I. & Marguiss,M. 1991 fidelity in the common toad Bufo bufo 546 Removal expenments and the hmitaton Journal of Zoology, 225, 201-212 of breeding density m sparrowhawks Shore,R.F., Myhill,D.G., Journal of Animal Ecology, 60, 535-544 Redpath,S.M. 1991 The impact of hen French,M.C., Leach,D.V. & harriers on red grouse breeding Stebbings,R.E. 1991 Toxicity and tissue Newton,I., Wyllie,I. & Asher,A. 1991 success Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, distribution of pentachlorophenol and Mortality causes in Bntsh barn owls Tyto 659-671 permethnn in pipistrelle bats alba, with a discussion of aldnn-dieldnn experimentally exposed to treated poisomng Ibis, 133, 162-169 Reynolds,B. & (Neal,C.) 1991 Trough timber Environmental Pollution, 73, 101- versus funnel collectors for measuring 118 (Oughton,D.H., Day,J.P.), throughfall volumes Journal of Howard,B.J., Beresford,N.A., Environmental Quality, 20, 518-521 (Silvertown,J., Watt,T.A., Smith,B.) & (Lamb,C.S., Mayes,R.W., Preston,T. Treweek,J.R. 1992 Complex effects of & East,B.W.) 1991 Caesium dosing (Rihan,J.R.) & Gray,A.J. 1991 The grazing treatment on an annual in a reduces uptake of radiocaesium by distribution of hybnd marram grass, x species-poor grassland community sheep Journal of Environmental Calan2mophila baltica (Flugge) Brand, in Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 35-40 Radioactivity, 14, 105-121 the Bntish Isles Watsoma, 18, 369-379 (Smith,R.E.N.), Webb,N.R. & Robinson,C.H., (Piearce,T.G.) & Clarke,R.T. 1991 The establishment of Pakeman,R.J. & (Lee,J.A.) 1991 The Ineson,P. 1991 Burrowing and soil heathland on old fields in Dorset, England ecology of the strandlme annuaLs Calale consumption by earthworms in limed Biological Conservation, 57, 221-234 mantima and Salsola kah I Environmental and unlmied soils from Picea sitchenas factors affecting plant performance plantations Pedobiologia, 35, 360-367 Snazell,R.G. 1991 Muncie margmella Journal of Ecology, 79, 143-153 (Araneae Linyphndae), a spider new to Sheail,J. 1991 The management of an Bntam from the Channel Tunnel site Pakeman,R.J. & (Lee,J.A.) 1991 The animal population changing attitudes Journal of Zoology, 224, 381-384 ecology of the strandline annuals Cable towards the wild rabbit in Bntain Journal mantuna and Salsola kali II The role of of Environmental Management, 33, 189- (Sonesson,M.) & Callaghan,T.V. 1991 mtrogen in controlhng plant 203 Strategies of survival in plants of the performance Journal of Ecology, 79, Fennoscandian tundra Arctic, 44, 95-105 155-165 Sheail,J. 1991 Opencast coal mining and the restoration of farmland - the (Sutton,M.A., Moncrieff,J.B.) & (Pigott,C.D.), Newton,A.C. & post-war expenence Journal of the Royal Fowler,D. 1992 Deposition of (Zammit,S.) 1991 Predation of acorns Agncultural Society of England, 152, 100- atmospheric ammonia to moorlands and oak seedlings by grey squirrel 111 Environmental Pollution, 75, 15-24 Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 85, 173- 178 Sheall,J. 1991 The Opencast Coal Act (Swann,R.L.), Harris,M.P. & 1958 the transition from wartime (Aiton,D.G.) 1991 The diet of some emergency powers to planning for young seabirds on Canna, 1981-90 Raybould,A.F., Gray,A.J., amemty Town Planning Review, 62, 201- Seabird, 13, 54-58 (Lawrence,M.J. & Marshall,D.F.) 214 1991 The evolution of Spartina anghca Sykes,J.M. 1992 Caledoman pinewood C E Hubbard (Grarmneae) ongm and Sheall,J. 1991 Road surfacing and the regeneration progress after sixteen years genetic vanability Biological Journal of threat to inland fishenes Journal of of enclosure at Collie Coire the Linnean Society, 43, 111-126 Transport History, 12, 135-147 Perthshire Arboncultural Journal, 16, 61-67 Raybould,A.F., Gray,A.J., Sheail,J. 1992 Opencast coal working (Lawrence,M.J. & Marshall,D.F.) and the search for a national land-use Thomas,J.A., (Munguira,M.L., 1991 The evolution of Spartina anghca strategy in post-war Bntam Planning Martin,j.) & Elmes,G.W. 1991 Basal C E Hubbard (Grammeae) genetic Pezspectwes, 7, 47-63 hatching by Maculinea butterfly eggs a variation and status of the parental consequence of advanced species in Bntam Biological Journal of the Shore,R.F. & (Garbett,S.D.) 1991 myrmecophily? BiologIcal Journal of the Lmnean Society, 44, 369-380 Notes on the small mammals of the Shira Lmnean Society, 44, 175-184

99 Thornson,A.G. 1992 A multi-temporal Watson,A. & (Birse,E.L.) 1991 Lichen- of nitrogen by Quercus douglasu companson of two similar Landsat nch pinewood, Cladonia ciliata—Pmus seedlings in competition with annual and Thematic Mapper images of upland north ,sylvestns community in north-eastern perennial grasses Oecologia, 87, 459— Wales, UK International Journal of Remote Scotland Botanical Journal of Scotland, 46, 466 Sensing, 13, 947-956 73-88 Welker,J.M., (McClelland,S. & Thornley,J.H.M. 1991 A model of leaf Watson,A. & (Shaw,J.L.) 1991 Weaver,T.) 1991 Soil water retention tissue growth, acclimation and sen- Parasites and Scottish ptarmigan after natural and simulated rainfall on a escence Annals of Botany, 67, 219-228 numbers Oecologia, 88, 359-361 temperate grassland Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 44, 229-237 Thornley,J.H.M. 1991 A transport- Watson,A. & (Smith,R.) 1991 Scottish resistance model of forest growth and snow bunting numbers in summer 1970— (Welton,J.S., Ladle,M., Bass,J.A.B.) partitioning Annals of Botany, 68, 211— 87 Scottish Birds, 16, 53-56 & Clarke,R.T. 1991 Grazing of epilithic 226 chironomid larvae at two different water Watt,A.D. & McFarlane,A.M. 1991 velocities in recirculating streams Archly Thornley,J.H.M. & (Johnson,I.R.) Winter moth on Sitka spruce synchrony fur Hydrobiologie, 121, 405-418 1991 Making mountains out of moles? of egg hatch and budburst, and its effect Chemistry in Bntam, 13 427 on larval survival Ecological Entomology, (Weston,K.) & Fowler,D. 1991 The 16, 387-390 importance of orography in spatial Thornley,J.H.M., Fowler,D. & patterns of rainfall acichty in Scotland Cannell,M.G.R. 1991 Terrestnal Watt,A.D., (Leather,S.R. & Atznosphenc Environment, 25A, 1517— carbon storage resulting from CO, and Evans,H.F.) 1991 Outbreaks of the pine 1522 nitrogen fertilization in temperate beauty moth on pine in Scotland grasslands Plant Cell and Environment, influence of host plant species and site (Wheeler,C.T., Hollingsworth,M.K., 14, 1007-1011 factors Forest Ecology and Management, Hooker,J.E., McNeill,J.D., 39, 211-221 Mason,W.L., Moffatt,A.J.) & Thornley,J.H.M., (Hand,D.W. & Sheppard,L.J. 1991 The effect of Wilson,j.W.) 1992 Modelling light Watt,A.D., (Leather,S.R. & Forrest, inoculation with either cultured Frankia absorption and canopy net G.I.) 1991 The effect of previous or crushed nodules on nodulation and photosynthesis of glasshouse row crops defoliation of pole-stage lodgepole pine growth of Alnus rubra and Alnus glutznosa and application to cucumber Journal of on plant chemistry, and on the growth seedlings in forest nursenes Forest Expenmental Botany, 43, 383-391 and survival of pine beauty moth (Panohs Ecology and Management, 43, 153-166 flammea) larvae Oecologia, 86, 31-35 (Walter,P.), Bacon,P.J. & (Sears,J.) (Willams,A., Mayhead,G.J.) & 1991 An analysis of mute swan Cygnus Watt,A.D. 1992 The influence of pine Good,J.E.G. 1991 Vegetative olor breeding data (Proceedings of the shoot phenology on the survival of pine propagation of sycamore (Acer 3rd IWRB International Swan Symposium, beauty moth (Panohs flammea) larvae on pseudoplatanus L ) Quarterly Journal of Oxford, 1989) Wildfowl, Suppl no 1, different pine provenances Forest Forestry, 85, 179-182 151-156 Ecology and Management, 47, 87-94 (Williams,J.H.) & Ashenden,T.W. Walton,K.C. & (Johnson,D.B.) 1992 Watt,A.D. & McFarlane,A.M. 1992 1992 Differences in the spectral Microbiological and chemical Does damage—mediated inter- charactenstcs of white clover exposed characteristics of an acidic stream generational conflict occur in the beech to gaseous pollutants and acid mist New draining a disused copper mine leaf-mining weevil? akos, 63, 171-174 Phytologist, 120, 69-75 Environmental Pollution, 76, 169-175 Webb,N.R. 1991 The role of (Wilson,A.K.), Jones,A.R., Wardlaw,J.C. 1991 Techniques for Steganacams magnus (Acan (Drake,N.A., Plummer,S.), reanng Myrmica ants (Hym ) and Cryptostrgmata) in the decomposition of Wyatt,B.K. & (Briggs,S.A.) 1991 Maculinea rebeh Hir caterpillars (Lep , the cones of Scots pine, Anus sylvestns Discrimination of nitrogen fertilizer levels Lycaenidae) Entomologist's Monthly Pedobiologia, 35, 351-359 on permanent grasslands from aircraft Magazine, 127, 233-241 based imaging spectrometers EARSeL Welch,D. 1991 Botanical composition of Advances in Remote Sensing, 1, 16-26 (Warwick,R.M.), Goss-Custard,J.D., arable fields in north—east Scotland after (Kirby,R., George,C.L., Pope,N.D. & a year of set-aside Botanical Journal of Wilson,J., Munro,R.C., Ingleby,K., Rowden,A.A.) 1991 Static and dynanuc Scotland, 46, 1-14 Mason,P.A., (Jefwa,J., environmental factors determining the Muthoka,P.N.), Dick,J.McP. & community structure of estuarine Welker,J.M., (Briske,D.D. & Leakey,R.R.B. 1991 Tree macrobenthos in SW Bntain why is the Weaver,R.W.) 1991 Intraclonal establishment in semi-and lands of Kenya Severn estuary different? Journal of nitrogen allocation in the bunchgrass —role of mycorrhizal inoculation and Applied Ecology, 28, 329-345 Schizachynum scopanum Hubb an water-retaining polymer Forest Ecology assessment of the physiological indiv- and Management, 45, 153-163 Watson,A. 1991 Increase of people on idual Functional Ecology, 5, 433-440 Cairn Gorm plateau following easier (Wolfe-Murphy,S.A., Smith,S.J.) & access Scottish Geographical Magazine, Welker,J.M., (Gordon,D.R. & Preston,C.D. 1991 Irish pondweeds I 107, 99-105 Rice,K.J.) 1991 Capture and allocation A recent record of Potamogeton x

100 coopen (Fryer) Fryer from Co Antnm pine litter Environmental Pollution, 74, of sparrowhawks Journal of Animal Insh Naturalists Journal, 23, 457-458 325-343 Ecology, 60, 749-766

Wookey,P.A. & Ineson,P. 1991 Wookey,P.A., (Atkinson,C.J., (Yalden,D.W.) & Shore,R.F. 1991 Chemical changes in decomposing Mansfield,T.A. & Wilkinson,J.R.) Yellow-necked mice Apodemus Ilavicolhs at forest htter in response to 1991 Control of plant water deficits Woodchester Park, 1968-1989 Journal of atmospheric sulphur dioxide Journal using the 'Snow and Tmgey system' and Zoology, 224, 329-332 of Soil Science, 42, 615-628 their influence on the water relations and growth of sunflower Journal of Yates,M.G. & Goss-Custard,J.D. 1991 Wookey,P.A. & Ineson,P. 1991 Expenmental Botany, 42, 589-595 A companson between high water and low Combined use of open-air and indoor water counts of shorebirds on the Wash, fumigation systems to study effects of Wyllie,I. & Newton,I. 1991 east England Bird Study, 38, 179-187 502 on leaching processes in Scots Demography of an increasing population

2. Books, book chapters, conference proceedings, papers and summaries

(Andersen-Harrild,P.) & Bacon,P.J. 1991 Land abandonment and its role in Public Health and Environmental 1991 Lifetime reproductive success of conservation (Options Protection mute swans Cygnus olor in Denmark Mediterranéennes Séne A Sernmaires Summary (Proceedings of the 3rd IWRB Mediterranéennes no 15) Zaragoza Bunce,R.G.H. 1991 Ecological International Swan Symposium, Oxford, Centre International de Hautes Etudes implications of land abandonment in 1989) Wildfowl, Suppl no 1,185 Agronomiques Mediterranéennes Bntam some comparison with Europe In Land abandonment and its role in Ashenden,T.W. 1991 Effects of acid Baxter,R., Ashenden,T.W. & conservation, edited by J Baudry & rainfall on vegetation In Acid deposition Rafarel,C.R. 1991 An inexpensive R G H Bunce, 53-59 Zaragoza Centre in Gwynedd, edited by R H Gntten, 177- open-top chamber International de Hautes Etudes 188 Penrhyndeudraeth Snowdonia design for CO2 exposure studies In The Agronomiques Mediterranéennes National Park Committee evaluation of techniques for field studies in global environmental change Summary Bunce,R.G.H. 1992 Ecology and land Ashenden,T.W., ed. 1991 The of Beaumans Workshop, 1991 use in Britain In Restnictunng the evaluation of techniques for field studies in (Terrestrial Initiative in Global countryside environmental pohcy in global environmental change Summary Environment Research (TIGER) Activity practice, edited by A W Gilg, 230-238 of Beaumans Workshop, 1991 IV 3), 5-6 Bangor Institute of Terrestrial Aldershot Avebury (Terrestrial Initiative in Global Ecology Environment Research (TIGER) Activity Bunce,R.G.H. & (Baudry,J.) 1991 IV 3) Bangor Institute of Terrestrial Beresford,N.A. 1991 The radioecology -Land abandonment and its role in Ecology of 110mAg [Abstract ] In Plant-to-animal conservation Ekologia CSFR, 10, 352 transfer International Union of Ashenden,T.W. 1991 Rural levels of Radioecologists Working Group Meeting, Callaghan,T.V., (Headley,A.D. & nitrogen dioxide pollution in Wales In Neuherberg, 1990, 16 Munich Institute Lee,J.A.) 1991 Root function related to Acid deposition in Gwynedd, edited by for Radiation Hygiene the morphology, life history and ecology R H Gntten, 39-45 Penrhyndeudraeth of tundra plants In Plant root growth an Snowdonia National Park Committee Brown,A.H.F. 1992 Functioning of ecological perspective, edited by mixed-species stands at Gisbum, D Atkinson, 311-340 Oxford Blackwell (Avery,M.E.), Cannell,M.G.R. & N W England In The ecology of mixed- Scientific (Ong,C.K.), eds. 1991 Biophysical species stands of trees, edited by M G R research for Asian agroforestry Winrock Cannell, D C Malcolm & P A Robertson, Cannell,M.G.R. 1991 Plant International 125-150 (Bntish Ecological Society management in agroforestry In special publication no 11) Oxford Biophysical research for Asian Bacon,P.J. & (Perrins,C.M.) 1991 Blackwell Scientific agroforestry, edited by M E Avery, Population genetics of the mute swan M G R Carmell & C K Ong, 59-72 Cygnus olor with especial reference to Bull,K.R., (Campbell,G.W., Wmrock International colonial breeding Summary Irwin,J.G., Chadwick,M., (Proceedings of the 3rd IWRB Kuylenstierna,J., Cresser,M.), Cannell,M.G.R. & Cape,J.N. 1991 International Swan Symposium, Oxford, Fowler,D., Hall,J.R., Hornung,M., International environmental impacts acid 1989) Wildfowl, Suppl no 1,322 (Jones,J.R.A., Langan,S.J. & rain and the greenhouse effect In Wilson,M.J.) 1991 National Focal Forestry expansion a study of technical, Bacon,P.J. 1992 Modelling In Center reports United Kingdom In economic and ecological factors (Paper Microcomputers in environmental biology, Mapping cntical loads for Europe, edited no 2) Edinburgh Forestry Commission edited by J N R Jeffers, 273-339 by J-P Hettelingh, R J Downing & P A M Casterton Parthenon de Smet, A1/72-79 (CCE technical Cannell,M.G.R., (Malcolm,D.C. & report no 1) Bilthoven Coordination Robertson,P.A.), eds. 1992 The (Baudry,j.) & Bunce,R.G.H., eds. Center for Effects, National Institute of ecology of mixed-species stands of trees

101 (Bntish Ecological Society special Eucalyptus nutrition In Proceedings of Agricultural Society of England publication no 11) Oxford Blackwell the Symposium on Intensive Forestry the Scientific Role of Eucalypts, edited by Good,J.E.G., Lawson,G.J. & A P G Schonau, vol 2,635-644 IUFRO Stevens,P.A. 1991 Interactions between Cape,J.N. & Fowler,D., eds. 1992 trees and their physical, chemical and Physical and chemical processes in Enmtett,B.A. 1991 Manipulation biological environments In Tree acidic deposition 2 Networks, models expenments and the soil factor In The plantation review, 5Opp (Paper no 5) and mechanisms (International evaluation of techniques for field studies in London Shell International Petroleum Conference on Acidic Deposition, global environmental change Summary Company and World Wide Fund for Glasgow, 1990) Environmental Pollution, of Beaumans Workshop, 1991 Nature 75(2) (Terrestrial Initiative in Global Environment Research (TIGER) Activity Good,J.E.G., Newton,I., Miles,J., Cape,J.N., Smith,R.I. & Fowler,D. IV 3), 27-29 Bangor Institute of Marrs,R.H. & Greatorex-Davies,J.N. 1991 Modelling dry deposition of SO2 in Terrestrial Ecology 1991 Forests as wildlife habitat In Bntam In Computer modelling in the Forestry expansion a study of technical, environmental sciences, edited by (Erhart,A.) & Thomas,J.A. 1991 economic and ecological factors, 3Opp D G Farmer & M J Rycroft, 285-298 Lepidoptera as indicators of change in (Paper no 7 ) Edinburgh Forestry Oxford Oxford Umversity Press the semi-natural grasslands of lowland Commission and upland Europe In The conservation Chapman,S.B. 1991 Plant nutnent of insects and their habitats, edited by Gray,A.J. 1992 Saltmarsh plant ecology relationships in the ecology and N M Collins & J A Thomas, 213-236 zonation and succession revisited In management of heathlands in lowland London Academic Press Saltz-narshes morphodynamics, Bntain In History and management of conservation and engineenng significance, southern lowland heaths, edited by Eversham,B.C. 1991 Land use change edited by J R L Allen & K Pye, 63-79 M H D Auld, B P Pickess & N D Burgess, and wetland invertebrates in Bntam In Cambridge Cambndge University Press 6-12 Sandy Royal Society for the Conserving and managing wetlands for Protection of Birds invertebrates, 107-110 Strasbourg Greatorex-Davies,J.N. & Hall,M.L. Ramsar Bureau, Council of Europe 1991 Managing plantation woodland on Clarke,R.T. 1992 Analysis of ancient woodland sites for butterflies and expenments and surveys In Fowler,D. & Cape,J.N., eds. 1992 other insects In The conservation of Microcomputers in environmental biology, Physical and chemical processes in insects and their habitats, edited by edited by J N R Jeffers, 49-102 acidic deposition 1 Trace gases and N M Collins & J A Thomas, 425-427 Casterton Parthenon clouds (International Conference on London Academic Press Acidic Deposition, Glasgow, 1990) (Collins,N.M.) & Thomas,J.A., eds. Environmental Pollution, 75(1) (Harnmond,P.M.) & Harding,P.T. 1991 The conservation of insects and their 1991 Saproxylic invertebrate habitats (15th Symposium of the Royal (France,J.), Thornley,J.H.M., assemblages in Bntish moorlands their Entomological Society of London ) (Siddons,R. & Dhanoa,M.S.) 1990 conservation significance and its London Academic Press Determination of rurnen volume in evaluation In Pollard and veteran tree nonsteady state using digesta markers a management, edited by H J Read, 30-37 (Crout,N.M.J., Galer,A.M.), dynamic, deterministic, mechanistic London Corporation of London Howard,B.J. & Beresford,N.A. 1991 A approach In Modelling digestion and comparative assessment of the impact of metabolism in fami animals, edited by Harding,P.T. 1991 Biological recording the Wmdscale and Chernobyl accidents A B Robson & D P Poppi, 159-168 In A coleoptenst's handbook, 3rd ed , on Cs-137 levels of upland lambs in west Chnstchurch Lincoln University edited by J Cooter and others, 251-255 Cumbna using the "RUINS" model In Feltham Amateur Entomologists' Society Proceedings of the Seminar on Freeman,C. 1992 Predicted increase Comparative Assessment of the in UK anticyclomc activity implications Harding,P.T. 1991 National co- Environmental Impact of Radionuchdes for the biogeochemical stability of upland ordination of biological recording In Released Dunng Three Major Nuclear peatlands Bntish Ecological Society Sussex recorder 1991, edited by Accidents Kyshiym, Wmdscale, Bulletin, 23, 53 T Wlutbread, 10-13 Henfield Sussex Chernobyl, vol 2,1121-1136 (EUR Wildlife Trust 13574) Luxembourg Commission of the (Goater,B.) & Thomas,J.A. 1991 Field European Communities guide to butterflies and moths of Bntam Harding,P.T. & Green,S.V. 1991 and Europe Swindon Crowood Press Recent surveys and research on butterflies Davis,B.N.K. 1991 Insects on nettles in Bntam and Ireland a species index and 2nd edition (Naturalists' handbooks Good,J.E.G. 1991 Air pollution and tree bibliography Abbots Ripton Institute of no 1) Richmond Richmond Publishing health in relation to arbonculture In Terrestrial Ecology Research for practical arbonculture, Davis,B.N.K., (Walker,N., Ball,D.F. edited by S J Hodge, 107-119 (Forestry Harding,P.T., (Rushton,S.P., & Fitter,A.H.) 1992 Ile soil (New Commission bulletin 97) London HMSO Eyre,M.D. & Sutton,S.L.) 1991 naturalist no 77) Glasgow Collins Multivanate analysis of Bntsh data on the Good,J.E.G. 1991 The way forward for distribution and ecology of terrestrial Dighton,J. & Jones,H.E. 1991 The use wildlife conservation In New directions Isopoda In biology of terrestnal isopods, of roots to test N, P, and K deficiencies in in forestry, 12pp Stoneleigh Royal edited by P Juchault & J P Mocquard, 65—

102 72 Poitiers Université de Poitiers 147-155 Andover Intercept Hornung,M. & (Holland,M.) 1992 A survey of dose-response functions for (Harkness,D.D.), Harrison,A.F. & Hartley,S.E. & (Lawton,J.H.) 1991 use in valuation of the environmental Bacon,P.J. 1991 The potential of bomb- The biochemical basis and significance costs of air pollution In Econometrics of 14C measurements for estimating soil of rapidly induced changes in birch environment Proceedings of the 33rd organic matter turnover In Advances in foliage In Phytochemical induction by International Conference of Applied soil organic matter research the impact on herbivores, edited by D W Tallamy & Econometncs Association, 23pp agnculture and the environment, edited M J Raupp, 105-132 Chichester Wiley Conches-Geneve Centre Umversitaire by W S Wilson, 240-251 (Special d'Etude des Problémes de l'Energie publication no 90) Cambndge Royal Haygarth,P.M., (Jones,K.C.) & Society of Chemistry Harrison,A.F. 1991 Observation on Howaxd,B.J. 1991 Pathways of short-range transport of vapour phase radionuclide contamination of livestock (Harris,G.L., Rose,S.C.), Parish,T. & selenium between expenmental and reindeer from releases of Mountford,J.0. 1991 A case study lysimeters In Heavy metals in the radioactivity into the environment observing changes in land drainage and environment, edited by J G Farmer, vol 1, Summary In 42nd Annual Meeting of the management in relation to ecology In 94-97 Edinburgh CEP Consultants European Association of Animal Hydrological basis of ecologically sound Production, Berlin, 1991, vol 2,215 management of soil and groundwater, Haygarth,P.M., (Jones,K.C.) & edited by H P Nachtnebel & K Kovar, Harrison,A.F. 1991 The use of field Howard,B.J., Beresford,N.A. & 247-256 (IAHS publication no 202) based expenmental lysimeters and 75- Barnett,C.L. 1991 Transfer of Wallingford International Association of Se to determine the Se mass-balance for radiocaesium to animals in semi-natural Hydrological Sciences a grassland in rural areas in north west ecosystems [Abstract ] In Plant-to-animal England In Heavy metals in the transfer International Union of (Harris,G.L.) & Parish,T. 1992 environment, edited by J G Farmer, vol 2, Radioecologists Working Group Meeting, Influence of farm management and 111-114 Edinburgh CEP Consultants Neuherberg, 1990, 16 Mumch Institute drainage on leaching of nitrate from for Radiation Hygiene former fioodlands in a lowland clay Haygarth,P.M., Rowland,A.P., catchment In Lowland floodplain nvers Coward,P.A., (McCurdy,E.J., Howard,P.J.A 1992 Multvanate geomorphological perspectives, edited Steinnes,E., Waterhouse,K.S., analysis In Microcomputers in by P A Carling & G E Petts, 203-216 Owen,L.), Harrison,A.F. & environmental biology, edited by J N R Cluchester Wiley (Jones,K.C.) 1991 Comparison of five Jeffers, 103-223 Casterton Parthenon instrumental methods for the analysis of Harris,M.P. 1991 Population changes total selenium in environmental samples Howson,G 1991 The cotton stnp assay in Bntsh common murres and Atlantic In Heavy metals in the environment, field applicatons and global puffins, 1969-88 In Studies of high- edited by J G Fanner, vol 2,119-122 comparisons In Advances in soil organic altitude seabirds 2 Conservation biology Edinburgh CEP Consultants matter research the impact on agnculture of thick-billed mun-es in the northern and the environment, edited by Atlantic, edited by A J Gaston & Heal,O.W. 1991 The role of study sites W S Wilson, 240-251 (Special R D Elliott, 52-61 (Canadian Wildlife in long-term ecological research a UK publication no 90) Cambndge Royal Service occasional paper no 69) Ottawa expenence In Long-tenn ecological Society of Chemistry Environment Canada research an international perspective, edited by P G Risser, 23-44 (SCOPE Ineson,P., (Kjoller,A. & Struwe,S.), Harris,M.P. & Wanless,S. 1991 47) Cluchester Wiley eds. 1991 Denitnfication in forest soils Population studies and conservation of Summaries from a workshop arranged in puffins Fratercula arctica In Bird Heal,O.W. & (Grime,J.P.) 1991 Copenhagen, Denmark, 6-7 November population studies relevance to Comparative analysis of ecosystems 1989 Brussels Commission of the conservation and management, edited by past lessons and future directions In European Communities C M Perrms, J-D Lebreton & Comparative analysis of ecosystems G J M Hirons, 230-248 Oxford Oxford patterns, mechanisms, and theones, Jones,A.R. & Wyatt,B.K. 1991 Remote University Press edited by J Cole, G Lovett & S Findlay, 7— sensing for forest change and landscape 23 New York Springer planning In International Space Year Hartley,S.E. 1990 What are galls for? European forest atlas Bad Ischel Tests of the nutrition hypothesis In Hooper,M.D. 1991 Ecological Geospace Proceedings of the 9th International consequences of land use change in Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, lowland England In Proceedings of the Jones,H.E., Harrison,A.F. & edited by T Jermy, A Szentesi, G Dezso European Seminar of IALE on Practical Quannby,C. 1991 A 15N root bioassay & J Horvath, 265-274 Budapest Landscape Ecology, edited by J Brandt, to evaluate the interactive effects of N Hungarian Academy of Sciences vol 3,27-36 Roslalde Forlaget GeoRuc with P and K on tree growth In Stable isotopes in plant nutrition, soil fertility and Hartley,S.E. & (Lawton,J.H.) 1990 Hornung,M. & Adamson,J.K. 1991 environmental studies, 463-471 (STI/PUB/ Damage-induced changes in birch The impacts of water quality and 845) Vienna International Atomic foliage mechanisms and effects on insect quantity In Forestry expansion a study of Energy Agency herbivores In Population dynamics of technical, economic and ecological forest insects, edited by A D Watt, factors 37pp (Paper no 9) Edinburgh Kenwaxd,R.E. 1992 Radio-tagging and S R Leather, M D Hunter & N A C Kidd, Forestry Commission the analysis of animal movements In

103 Microcomputers in environmental biology, Mason,P.A., Ingleby,K. & Feltham Amateur Entomologists' edited by j N R Jeffers, 225-271 Munro,R.C. 1991 Techniques for Society Casterton Parthenon endomycorrhizal research In Report on the ICRAF/ITE Training Workshop on Morris,M.G. 1991 The restoration Kenward,R.E., Parish,T. & Mycorrhizae and Rhizobium in Agro- and re-creaton of grassland and (Robertson,P.A.) 1992 Are tree forestry, Nairobi, 1991, 15pp (ICRAF heathland the invertebrate component species mixtures too good for grey training and education reports ) Nairobi In Ten-estnal and aquatic ecosystems squirrels? In 772e ecology of mixed- ICRAF perturbation and recovery, edited by species stands of trees, edited by 0 Ravera, 472-478 London Fills M G R Carmen, D C Malcolm & Merrett,P. 1991 Araneae In Bntish Red Horwood P A Robertson, 243-253 (British Data Books 3 Invertebrates other than Ecological Society special publication insects, edited by J H Bratton, 126-217 Morris,M.G. 1991 Weevils no 11) Oxford Blackwell Scientific Peterborough Joint Nature Conservation (Naturalist's handbooks no 16) Committee Richmond Richmond Publishing Leakey,R.R.B. 1990 The domestication of tropical forest trees by cloning a Milner,C. 1990 Conservation within the Morris,M.G., (Collins,N.M., Vane- strategy for increased production and context of sustainable development In Wright,R.I. & Waage,j.) 1991 The conservation In Fast growing trees and Technical Papers from a Consultation on utilization and value of non-domesticated nitrogen fixing trees, edited by D Weiner Promoting Conservation for Sustainable insects In The conservation of insects and & P Muller, 22-31 Stuttgart Fischer Agncultural Development in the Sudano- their habitats, edited by N M Collins & Sahehan Region of Africa, Banjul, The J A Thomas, 319-347 London Academic Leakey,R.R.B. & (Mesen,F.) 1990 Gambia, 1989, 1-8 London Press Metodos de propagacion vegetativa en Commonwealth Secretariat arboles tropicales enraizamiento de Moss,D., Wyatt,B.K., (Cornaert,M- estacas suculentas In Primer curso cork) Milner,C. 1990 Education and training H. & Roekarts,M.) 1991 CORINE sobre mejoramiento genetico forestal, needs for Africa In Technical Papers bmtopes the design, compilation and use edited by J P Cornelius, J F Mesen & from a Consultation on Promoting of an inventory of sites of major E Corea Tumalba Centro Agronomico Conservation for Sustamable Agncultural importance for nature conservation in the Tropical de Investgacion y Ensenanza Development in the Sudano-Saheban European Community (EUR 13231) Region of Afnca, Banjul, Tlie Gambia, Luxembourg Commission of the Leakey,R.R.B. & (Mesen,F.) 1991 1989,87--92 London Commonwealth European Communities Estrategia de silvicultura clonal para Secretariat especies forestales tropicales In Manual Moss,D., Wyatt,B.K., (Devillers,P., sobre mejoramiento genetmo forestal con Cornaert,M-H. & Roekarts,M.) 1991 Milner,C. 1990 Institutional aspects of referencia especial a America Central, CORINE biotopes manual a method to the land degradation problem In edited by J P Cornelius, J F Mesen & identify and describe consistently sites of Technical Papers from a Consultation on E A Corea, 135-152 Turnalba Centro major importance for nature conservation Promoting Conservation for Sustainable Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y (EUR 12587) Luxembourg Commission Agricultural Development in the Sudano- Ensenanza of the European Communities Saheban Region of Africa, Banjul, The Gambia, 1989,133-136 London Leeson,E.A., Haynes,C. & Munro,R.C. & Mason,P.A. 1990 Commonwealth Secretanat Wells,T.C.E. 1991 Studies of the Technical demonstration — mycorrhizal phenology and dry matter allocation of spores and infection in roots In Research Dactylorhiza fuclisii In Population ecology Milner,C. 1990 The response of into soil management and agroforestry, of terrestnal orchids, edited by Commonwealth Africa to land edited by A Young, 17 Nairobi IBSRAM/ T C E Wells & J H Willems, 125-138 The degradation and desertification In ICRAF Hague SPB Academic Publishing Technical Papers from a Consultation on Promoting Conservation for Sustainable Newton,A.C. 1990 Mejoramiento para Lindley,D.K., (Ali3O.M., Abd el Agricultural Development in the Sudano- obtemr resistencia a plagas y Nour,H.O.), Deans,J.D., Saheban Region of Afnca, Banjul, The enfermedades In Primer curso corto Callaghan,T.V. & Lawson,G.j. 1991 Gambia, 1989,37-52 London sobre mejoramiento genetico forestal, The role of Acacia trees in the Commonwealth Secretanat edited by j Cornehus, F Mesen & rehabilitation of degraded land in the E Corea Turnalba Centro Agro- Blue Nile Province, Sudan In Sudan Milner,C. 1990 The response of nomico Tropical de Investagacion y environment and people, vol 2,129-136 Francophone Africa to land degradation Ensenanza (Proceedings of the 2nd International In Technical Papers from a Consultation Sudan Studies Conference, Durham, on Promoting Conservation for Sustainable Newton,I. 1991 Bird populations In 1991) Durham Sudan Studies Society of Agncultural Development in the Sudano- The Cambndge encyclopaedia of the United Kingdom Saheban Region of Africa, Banjul, The ornithology, edited by M Brooke & Gambia, 1989,21-35 London T Birkhead, 203-221 Cambridge Lindley,D.K. 1992 Introductory data Commonwealth Secretariat Cambndge University Press exploration In Microcomputers in environmental biology, edited by Morris,M.G. 1991 Curculiomdae Newton,I. 1991 Population limitation in J N R Jeffers, 27-48 Castenon (weevils) In A coleoptenst's handbook, birds of prey a comparative approach Parthenon 3rd ed , edited by J Cooter, 171-182 In Bird population studies relevance to

104 conservation and management, echted by Reynolds,B. & (Donald,A.P.) 1991 Occupational Health, University of C M Pernns, J-D Lebreton & The chemical quality of bulk Zagreb G J M Hirons, 3-21 Oxford Oxford precipitation in Gwynedd, north Wales University Press hi Acid deposition in Gvvynedd, edited Stevens,P.A. & Hughes,S. 1991 Acid by R H Gntten, 23-38 deposition and forestry a case study in Osborn,D. & French,M.C. 1991 Penryhndeudraeth Snowdoma National Beddgelert Forest In Acid deposition in Ecotoxicology In Animals and Park Committee Gwynedd, edited by R H Gntten, 127- alternatives in toxicology, edited by 141 Penrhyndeudraeth Snowdoma M Balls, J Bndges & J Southee, 242-246 Roberts,T.M. 1991 Evidence of National Park Committee London Macmillan changes, linkages, and significance of atmosphenc pollution to the selection (Thornas,D.H.) & Hinsley,S.A. 1991 Osborn,D., Shore,R.F. & process In Ecological genetics and air Temperature regulation and Mountford,j.0. 1991 Impacts of pollution, edited by G E Taylor, bioenergetics of desert sandgrouse agriculture on wild plants and animals in L F Pitelka & M T Clegg, 103-109 New (Pterochdidae) Proceedings of the 20th the UK chemical impacts in perspective York Springer International Ornithological Congress, hi Chemistry, agnculture and the vol 3, 1757-1764 environment, edited by M L Richardson, Roberts,T.M., ed. 1992 Impacts of air 11-30 Cambridge Royal Society of pollutants on crops (International Thomas,J.A. 1991 The conservation of Chemistry Conference on Acidic Deposition, the silver-studded blue butterfly Plebejus Glasgow, 1990) Agnculture, Ecosystems argus on lowland heath In History and Paterson,I.S. & Miller,G.R. 1992 & Environment, 38 (1-2) management of southern lowland heaths, Heather management for red grouse In eclited by M H D Auld, B P Pickess & Heather Proceedings of the National (Sears,j.) & Bacon,P.J., eds. 1991 N D Burgess, 44-46 Sandy Royal Heather Convention 1991, edited by Proceedings of the 3rd IWRB Society for the Protection of Birds R W Brown, 28-32 Newton Abbot International Swan Symposium, Oxford, Polytechnic South West 1989 Wildfowl, Suppl no 1 Thomas,J.A. 1992 Positive habitat creation In Provision for wildlife in new Pitcairn,C.E.R. 1991 Effects of Sheail,J. 1991 Power in trust the road schemes, edited by A Mahon, 13- atmosphenc nitrogen deposition on environmental history of the Central 14 Dorchester Dorset County Council vegetation In The effects of acid Electncity Generating Board Oxford deposition on nature conservation in Great Clarendon Press Watson,A. 1992 A red grouse Bntain, edited by S J Woodin & perspective on dispersal in small A M Farmer, 29-34 (Focus on nature Sheail,j. 1991 The regulation of mammals In Animal dispersal small conservation no 26) Peterborough pesticide use an historical perspective mammals as a model, edited by Nature Conservancy Council In Innovation and environmental nsk, N C Stenseth & W Z Lidicker, 260-273 edited by L Roberts & A Weale, 38-46 London Chapman & Hall London Belhaven Preston,C.D. 1991 Potamogeton L In Watt,A.D. Flora of the Outer Hebndes, by 1992 Insect pest population Sheppard,L.j., Cape,J.N., R J Pankhurst & J M Mullin, 129-133 dynamics effects of tree species Murray,M.B., Leith,I.D. & Fowler,D. London Natural History Museum diversity In The ecology of mixed- 1990 The effects of simulated acid mist Publications species stands of trees (British Ecological on the frost hardiness of red spruce Society special publication no 11) seedlings [Abstract ] In Abstracts of the Oxford Blackwell Scientific Preston,C.D. 1992 Bryophytes (mosses International Conference on Acidic and liverworts) In The natural history of Deposition, its Nature and Impacts, Webb,N.R 1991 The natural history Brampton Wood, edited by T C E Wells, Glasgow, 1990, 207 Edinburgh Royal of the heather beetle 26-35 Huntingdon Huntingdonshire (Lochmaea Society of Edinburgh saturalm Fauna and Flora Society Thompson) (Coleoptera Chrysomehdae) hi History and Sheppard,L.J. 1992 Some early management of southern lowland heaths, Pywell,R.F. 1991 Heathland observations on the growth of red alder edited by M H D Auld, B P Pickess & translocation and restoration hi History (Alnus rubra) provenances on ex arable N D Burgess, 47-51 Sandy Royal and management of southern lowland soil In Wood for energy the implications Society for the Protection of Birds heaths, edited by M H D Auld, B P for harvesting, utzkation and marketing, Pickess & N D Burgess, 18-26 Sandy edited by J R Aldhous, 184-205 Welch,R.C. 1992 Coleoptera (beetles) Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Edinburgh Institute of Chartered In The natural history of Brampton Wood, Foresters edited by T C E Wells, 92-101 Rafarel,C.R. & Ashenden,T.W. 1991 Huntingdon Huntingdonshire Fauna and Design for an upland exposure system Shore,R.F., Myhill,D.G., Flora Society In The evaluation of techniques for field Polwarth,G. & Dunmow,M. 1991 The studies in global environmental change effects of chronic doses of dietary Wells,T.C.E. 1991 Habitat management Summary of Beaumans Workshop, 1991 cadmium on macro-element balance in and creation wildflower grasslands In (Terrestrial Initiative in Global wood mice and bank voles In Trace Gravel pit restoration for wildlife, edited Environment Research (TIGER) Activity elements in man and animals 7, edited by by J Andrews & D Kinsman, 130-134 IV 3), 7-13 Bangor Institute of B Momcilovic, 26 17-26 18 Zagreb Sandy Royal Society for the Protection of Terrestrial Ecology Institute for Medical Research and Birds

105 Wells,T.C.E. 1991 Re-creation of & J H Wffiems, 47-61 'Ilie Hague SPB Wookey,P.A. 1991 Control of plant grassland habitats In Habitat Academic Publishing water deficits dunng field-based conservation for insects — a neglected experiments possibilities and green issue, edited by R Fry & Wells,T.C.E. & (Willems,J.H.), eds. constraints In The evaluation of D Lonsdale, 110-115 Feltham Amateur 1991 Population ecology of terrestnal techniques for field studies in global Entomologist's Society orchids The Hague SPB Academic environmental change Summary of Publishing Beaumans Workshop, 1991 (Terrestrial Wells,T.C.E. 1991 Restonng and re- Initiative in Global Environment creating species-nch lowland dry Wells,T.C.E., ed. 1992 772e natural Research (TIGER) Activity IV 3), 31-33 grassland In 77ie conservation of lowland history of Brampton Wood Huntingdon Bangor Institute of Terrestrial Ecology dry grassland birds in Europe, edited by Huntingdonshire Fauna and Flora P D Gonup, L A Batten & J A Norton, 125— Society Wyatt,B.K. 1992 Large-scale 132 Peterborough Joint Nature environmental databases the example Conservation Committee Wells ,T .0 .E. , (Well s ,S .E. , of CORINE In TERRA-1 understanding Walker,P.E.G. & Walker,j.) 1992 the terrestnal environment the role of Wells,T.C.E. & Cox,R. 1991 Vegetation and flora In 772e natural observations from space, edited by Demographic and biological studies on history of Brampton Wood, edited by P Mather, 233-248 London Taylor & Oplizys apifera some results from a 10 T C E Wells, 10-25 Huntingdon Francis year study In Population ecology of Huntmgdonshire Fauna and Flora terrestrial orchids, edited by T C E Wells Society

3. Contract reports

Adarnson,J.K., Hornung,M., Baxter,R., Ashenden,T.W., report (Report no 4) 31pp Countryside Kennedy,V.H., Norris,D.A., Rafarel,C.R. & Bell,S.A. 1992 An Commission for Scotland Paterson,I.S. & Stevens,P.A. 1992 Soil investigation of the effects of the increasing solution chemistry under adjacent stands concentrations of atmosphenc CO2 and Bayfield,N.G., McGowan,G.M., of Japanese larch and Sitka spruce at three changing climate on natural and managed Paterson,LS. & (Brandon,0.) 1991 contrasting locations in Bntam 38pp grassland communities in Europe using Northwest ethylene pipeline phase II Department of the Environment open-top and closed chambers Interim ecological survey Vol IV report Commission of the European Supplementary records Aberdeen (Allott,T., Battarbee, R.W.), Communities Centre for Land Use Bull,K.R., (Campbell,G.W., Christie,A.E.G.), Fowler,D., Bayfield,N.G. 1991 Snake Pa Bayfield,N.G., Picozzi,N., Hall,J.R., (Harriman,R., Irwin,J.G., revegetation and fertilizer tnals 1990 Staines,B.W., (Crisp,T.C., jenkins,A., Juggins,S., Kreiser,A., progress report 6pp Peak Park Joint Tipping,E., Carling,P., Ormerod,S.J., Patrick,S.T., Rose,N. Planning Board Robinson,M., Gustard,A. & & Weatherley,N.) 1992 Critical and Shipman,P.) 1991 Ecological impacts of target loads for freshwaters in Great Bayfield,N.G. & Conroy,J.W.H., eds. blanket peat extraction in Northern Bntain Third report by the UK Critical 1992 Ecological assessment of the Spey Ireland 98pp Department of the Loads Advisory Group Department of Wellfield Grampian Regional Council Environment Northern Ireland the Environment Bayfield,N.G. & Rook,J. 1991 Bell,B.G. & Murray,T.D. 1990 Ashenden,T.W. 1991 Effects of ozone Preliminary trials of methods of controlling Roadside verges in Scotland 18pp and acidic pollutants on vegetation in needle ice in upland soils (Report no 5) Scottish Office Central Research Unit Wales 36pp Welsh Office 11 pp Countryside Commission for Scotland Bell,B.G. & Murray,T.D. 1991 (Bainton,P., Nielsen,LR.) & Designated areas in Scotland 22pp Howe,P.D. 1991 Environmental hazard Bayfield,N.G., McGowan,G.M. & Scottish Forestry Trust assessment 1,1-dichloroethane Draft for Paterson,I.S. 1991 Aonach Mor ski area comment 24pp Department of the 1991 environmental audit 27pp Nevis Bell,B.G. & Murray,T.D. 1991 Environment Range Development Company Scottish woodlands 25pp Scottish Office Central Research Unit (Bainton,P., Nielsen,LR.) & Bayfield,N.G., McGowan,G.M. & Howe,P.D. 1991 Environmental hazard Paterson,LS. 1991 Monitoring of Beresford,N.A., (Mayes,R.W.), assessment 1,2-dichloroethane Draft for seechng trials in the Three Peaks, 1991 Singleton,D.L., Howard,B.J., comment (EPTS/13D ) 43pp Department (Three Peaks Project report no 12) 2Opp (Eayres,H.F., Larnb,C.S.), of the Environment Yorkshire Dales National Park Livens,F.R. & Barnett,C.L. 1991 Committee Development of a method to rapidly Barr,C.J., Howard,D.C., predict the availability of radiocaesium Bunce,R.G.H., Gfilespie,M.K. & Bayfield,N.G., McGowan,G.M. & Final report 51pp Ministry of Hallam,C.J. 1991 Changes in Paterson,LS. 1991 Tnals of revegetation Agriculture, Fisheries and Food hedgerows m Bntam between 1984 and techniques at the Lecht, Aonach Mor, 1990 Department of the Environment Cairn Gonn, and Ben Nevis 1990 progress Boorman,L.A. 1992 Report on visit to

106 Camber Dunes, Sussex, March 2 1992 Bunce,R.G.H., Howard,D.C., Daniels,R.E. 13pp Babtie Dobbie Ltd & Paterson,I.S. 1992 Hallam, C.J., Barr,C.J. & Wytch Farm development a re-survey of Benefield,C.B. 1992 Ecological trees near the Wytch Farm Gathering Boorman,L.A. 1992 Studies of salt consequences of land use change Final Station 32pp BP Exploration marsh erosion in Essex 59pp National report Department of the Environment Rivers Authonty Daniels,R.E., Moy,I.L., Moore,R. & Cannell,M.G.R., Fowler,D., Rispin,W.E. 1992 Wytch Farm Boorman,L.A. & Wells,J.G. 1991 Cape,J.N., Leith,L D. , Sheppard,L.J., development stage 3 Ecological survey Comparative studies of salt marsh Murray,M.B., Eamus,D., Smith,R.I. of sites on possible pipeline routes processes Progress report 45pp 14pp & Deans,J.D. 1990 Frost hardiness of BP Exploration Commission of the European red spruce in relation to forest decIrne Communities Final report lOpp Spruce-Fir Research (Debney,A.), Dobson,S., (Neary,C. & Cooperative Reedman,A.J.) (Briggs,S.A., Plummer,S.E., 1991 A master plan for environmental research in the Republic of George,D.G., Roberts,G., Sewell,L, Cannell,M.G.R., comp. 1991 Summer China (phase 1) Mid-term report Huthnance,J., Gurney,R.J.), 62pp of 1990 121pp Department of the Environmental Protection Administration Wyatt,B.K. & (Aiken,j.) 1991 A review Environment of Taiwan (ROC) of remote sensing National Rivers Authonty Cannell,M.G.R., Dewar,R.C. & (Devereux,B.J.), Fuller,R.M. & Thornley,J.H.M. 1991 Carbon flux and (Roy,D.P.) (Brooke,D.N., Crookes,M.J.) 1992 Cartographic & storage in European forests 27pp registration of airborne remotely sensed Howe,P.D. 1991 Environmental hazard Commission of the European data Cambndge Umversity report to assessment tetrachloroethylene Draft for Communities NERC comment 38pp Department of the Environment Cape,J.N. 1991 Early diagnosis of forest Dewar,R.C. 1991 Carbon sequestration decline Final report 28pp Commission by vegetation in the U K Interim report (Brooke,D.N.) & Howe,P.D. 1992 of the European Communities Department of the Environment Environmental hazard assessment dichloromethane Draft for comment Conroy,J.W.H. 1991 Spey Flood Dick,J.McP. (EPTS/15D ) 46pp Department of the 1991 Vegetative Alleviation Project possible effects of the propagation consultancy Goeldi Museum/ Environment proposed developments on otters 7pp FCAD project on the aromatic plants of Institute of Hydrology Para, Brazil, 1 I th May to 9th June 1991 Bull,K.R. & Hall,J.R. 1991 Target 56pp Natural Resources Institute loads for soils m Great Bntam An analysis, (Crookes,M.J.) & Howe,P.D. 1991 using the ITE land classification, of squares Environmental hazard assessment Dighton,J. where the cntical load is exceeded in & jones,H.E. 1991 The use ethylbenzene Draft for comment 35pp of bioassays to assess the nutrient status of 2005 Department of the Environment Department of the Environment a Eucalyptus grandis field fertilizer experiment in Natal, South Africa Bull,K.R. & Hall, J.R. 1991 United (Crookes,M.J.), Howe,P.D. & response in the crop at 18 months Kingdom Cntical Loads Mapping 39pp Dobson,S. 1991 Environmental hazard Shell Research Ltd, Shell South Africa Programme Department of the assessment xylenes Draft for comment Environment 49pp Department of the Environment Dighton,J. & Poskitt,J.M. 1991 Root and mycon-hizal determinations of the Bull,K.R., Radford,G.L., Brown,N.J., Daniels,R.E. 1991 Wytch Farm CERL Liphook field fumigation Hall,J.R., Ullyett,J.M., Tindall,D.L, development biological monitoring expenment 33pp National Power Harding,P.T., Eversharn,B.C., Annual report 9pp BP Exploration Hill,M.O., Carey,P.D., Le Duc,M.G., Diment,J. & Sparks,T., Bunce,R.G.H., Dobson,S. 1991 Daniels,R.E. & Moy,LL. 1991 Environmental effects of aczylonitnle (Grime,J.P., Hunt,R., Colasanti,R., Ecological assessment at Newish 12pp 16pp Department of the Environment Huntley,B. & Ascroft,D.R.) 1991 The John R Lawrence Partners Department of the Environment Core Diment,J. & Model project the impacts of climate Dobson,S. 1991 Daniels,R.E. & Moy,I.L. 1991 Kent Environmental effects of carbon change on natural and semi-natural water resource study ecological suivey of disulphide 12pp Deparlment of the ecosystems Interan report Department of possible reservoir site Broad Oak Water Environment the Environment Joint Steenng Committee Diment,J. Bunce,R.G.H., Hallam,C.J. & Dobson,S. 1992 & Daniels,R.E. & Moy,I.L. 1991 Kent Environmental effects of aniline Barr,C.J. 1991 Countryside Survey 1990 15pp water resource study preliminary Department of the Environment collection of vegetation data from quadrats ecological survey Broad Oak Water Joint and linear plots Final report Joint Nature Steenng Committee Diment,J. Conservation Committee & Dobson,S. 1992 Environmental effects of chlorinated Daniels,R.E., Moy,I.L. & (Bass,j.) paraffins 15pp Department of the Bunce,R.G.H. 1992 The distribution and 1991 Kent water resource study Environment aggregatzon of ITE land classes ecological survey of the Sarre Penn Broad Department of the Environment Oak Water Joint Steenng Committee (Discours,D., Nys,C., Ranger,J.) &

107 Stevens,P.A. 1991 Comparaison de Fowler,D., (Duyzer,J.H., invertebrates, and migratory fish 52pp deux approches méthodologiques la Meixner,F.X. & Dollard,G.J.) 1991 Binnie & Partners lysimetne et les sachets de resines Inputs of nitrogen compounds and introduits in situ pour l'étude de solutions photochemical oxidants as components of Greatorex-Davies,J.N., Fuller,R.M. de sol In Conséquences des cultures the pollution climate of Europe Progress & Hill,M.O. 1991 Moorland mapping forestières sur la fertzlité, physiques et report Commission of the European pilot project defining the moorland edge chemiques des sols, by C Nys, 1-14 Communities on the ground and comparisons with Commission of the European satellite maps 16pp Department of the Communities Fowler,D., Hargreaves,K.J. & Environment Sutton,M. 1991 Dry deposition of NO, Dobson,S. 1991 Cntical loads —science NO2, 03 and NH3onto vegetation and soil Hankard,P., Osborn,D., Linley- and policy for the regulation of chemicals Modelling dry deposition processes Adams,G., Hall,J.R., Treweek,J.R., 13pp Environmental Protectton Interim report Department of the Brown,N.J. & Bull,K.R. 1992 Habitat Administration of Taiwan, ROC Environment sensitivity Final report 2 vols Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution Dobson,S. & Howe,P.D. 1991 Health Fuller,R.M., Jones,A.R., and safety guide for 1,1,1-tnchloroethane Groom,G.B. & Thomson,A.G. 1991 Harding,P.T. 1991 Options for the (Task Group draft ) 14pp Department of Countryside Survey 1990 Mapping the future of the Biological Records Centre a the Environment land cover of Great Bntain using Landsat basis for discussions with the Joint Nature imagery a demonstrator project in remote Conservation Committee 78pp Joint Dobson,S., Malcolm,H.M. & sensing 26pp Bntish National Space Nature Conservation Committee Howe,P.D. 1991 Computer profiles of Centre prescribed 'Red List' substances 29pp Harding,P.T. 1991 A review of the Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution Fuller,R.M., jones,A.R., Nature Conservancy Council contract Groorn,G.B. & Thomson,A.G. 1991 (Apnl 1987 —March 1991) and a forward Dobson,S. 1992 Report and evaluation of Countryside Survey 1990 Third progress look 78pp Nature Conservancy Council the toxicity of dunethoate to wildlife report FebruaiY 1991 —July 1991 lOpp Confidential 23pp Ministry of Department of the Environment Harding,P.T., Preston,C.D., Agriculture, Fishenes and Food Arnold,H.R., Dring,J.C.M., Fuller,R.M., Brown,N.J., Eversham,B.C., Croft,J.M. & Dobson,S. 1992 Report and evaluation of Groom,G.B., jones,A.R. & Forrest,W.A. 1991 Biological Records the toxicity of omethoate to wildlife Ulyett,J.M. 1992 Countryside Survey Centre Interim progress report (April to Confidential 1Opp Ministry of 1990 Progress report July 1991 —March September 1991) lOpp Joint Nature Agnculture, Fishenes and Food 1992 7pp Depariment of the Conservation Committee Environment Dobson,S., Malcolm,H.M. & Harding,P.T., Preston,C.D., Howe,P.D. 1992 Computer profiles of Fuller,R.M., jones,A.R., Arnold,H.R., Dring,J.C.M., prescribed air, water (Red List') and land Groom,G.B., Thomson,A.G. & Eversham,B.C., Croft,J.M., substances 6Opp Her Majesty's Brown,N.J. 1992 Countryside Survey Forrest,W.A. & Telfer,M.G. 1992 Inspectorate of Pollution 1990 mapping the land cover of Great Biological Records Centre progress report Bntain using satellite remote sensing a for 1991/92 and summary of products from Ernmett,B.A. & Reynolds,B. 1991 demonstrator project in remote sensing April 1987 to March 1992 (JNCC report Annual report on the Upper Cothi luning 2nd interim report 52pp Bntish National no 32) 68pp Joint Nature Conservation expenment 15pp Department of the Space Centre Committee Environment Good,J.E.G., Stevens,P.A., Harris,M.P. 1991 Isle of May seabird Emmett,B.A., (Hudson,j.A.), Davis,B.N.K., Frost,A.J. & Plant,R.A. studies in 1991 Annual report 26pp Joint Coward,P.A., 1992 Selar Fann grassland re- Nature Conservation Comnuttee Matthews,A.) & Reynolds,B. 1991 establishment project Annual report 1991/ The role of a npanan wetland in 92 111pp Bntish Coal Opencast ameliorating the effects of upland Executive Harris,M.P. & Calladine,J. 1991 afforestation management practices on Population trends of gulls and other streamflow chemistry 99pp Welsh Goss-Custard,J.D. & McGrorty,S. seabirds on the Isle of May in 1991 Annual Office 1991 Report of a visit to assess the report Nature Conservancy Council for feasibility of a large-scale ecological study Scotland Eversham,B.C., jolliffe,A.S. & of the effects of gas pipeline laying on Davis,B.N.K. 1991 Soil fauna estuanne invertebrates and birds Duddon Heal,O.W. 1992 NERC accountable biodiversity a preliminary global review Estuary 23pp Bntish Gas grant for international scientific '75pp World Conservation Monitoring cooperation for work in the Man and Centre Gray,A.J., Goss-Custard,J.D., Biosphere field 41pp Overseas McGrorty,S., Warman,E.A., Development Admuustration Eversham,B.C. 1992 Inner Thames & (Elliott,J.M.) 1991 River Marshes SSSI, Rainham final report of Wyre —the ecological effects of a tidal invertebrate survey 8Opp Applied barrage A report of preliminary studies (Hobbs,S.J.), Howe,P.D. & Dobson,S. Environmental Research Centre Ltd on the saltznarshes, birds and 1991 Environmental hazard assessment

108 pentachlorophenol Draft for comment Forest Resource Management Project tree Miles,J. 1991 Assessment of the (EFTS/10D ) 124pp Department of the breeding consultancy, Forest Products ecological consequences of Environment Research Institute 79pp Ghana Ministry decontaminating Gruinard Island Final of Lands and Natural Resources report 8pp + appendices Ministry of Howard,B.J., (Vandecasteele,C.M., Defence Mayes,R.W., Belli,M., Leakey,R.R.B., (Tchoundjeu,Z. & Stakelum,G., Colgan,P.A., Njoya,C.Q.) 1991 Parc de Bouturage Morris,M.G. 1991 Development of a Assimakopoulos,P.A., and clonal selection Consultancy report to specialised centre on entomology in Irian Unsworth,M.H. & Jones,B.E.V.) Forest Management and Regeneration Jaya, Indonesia ECE/IUCN 1991 Factors affecting radiocaesium Project, Mbalmayo, Cameroon 47pp transfer to ruminants Progress report Overseas Development AdministTation Morris,M.G., Snazell,R.G. & Apnl 1990 — March 1991 32pp Ward,L.K. 1991 M3 Bar End to Commission of the European Lindley,D.K. 1991 Expenmental Compton ecological surveys an intenm Communities designs for forest research in Nepal 9pp report (to 1 July 1991) 12pp Mott Overseas Development Administration Macdonald Civil Ltd Howe,P.D. & Dobson,S. 1991 Environmental effects of chlonnated McGowan,G.M., Paterson,I.S. & Morris,M.G., Ward,L.K. & naphthalenes 5pp Department of the Bayfield,N.G. 1991 Aonach Mor Thomas,J.A. 1992 M3 Bar End to Environment environmental appraisal of proposed Tow Compton proposals for ecological survey K 8pp Nevis Range Development 1992 7pp Mott Macdonald Civil Ltd Howe,P.D. & Dobson,S. 1992 Linear Company alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and Moss,D. 1991 Indigenous Forest related compounds First draft of the McGrorty,S. 1992 Cardiff Bay Barrage Conservation Project [Kenya] Natural environmental sections for an Bill proof of evidence 22pp Welsh Resource Surveys Database consultancy Environmental Health Cntena document Office 42pp Natural Resources Institute Department of the Environment Malcolm,H.M., Dobson,t. & Moss,R., Picozzi,N. & Catt,D.C. (Jarvis,P.G.) & Dewar,R.C. 1991 The Howe,P.D. 1991 (Computer) profiles of 1992 Habitat and winter nutrition of global terrestnal carbon balance TIGER I Red List chemicals — hard copy 251pp capercailhe in Scotland Forestry Committee Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution Commission

Jones,H.E. & Poskitt,J.M. 1991 A Malcolin,H.M., Dobson,S. & Mountford,J.0. 1991 The effects of preliminary assessment of the nutnent Howe,P.D. 1992 Computer profiles of nitrogen on species diversity and status of Sitka spruce in an area affected prescnbed air, water (Red List) and land agncultural production on the Somerset by bent top in the South Wales coalfield substances Hard copy vol 1 Air 381pp moors changes in species composition 14pp Forestry Cornnussion Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution and abundance during the last year of the experiment's first phase Fifth report Kenward,R.E., Horton,N. & Malcolrn,H.M., Dobson,S. & 84pp Institute for Grassland and Gosler,A. 1991 Gull roost prevention at Howe,P.D. 1992 Computer profiles of Environmental Research Farmoor Reservoir 27pp Thames Water prescnbed air, water (Red List) and land Utilities Ltd substances Hard copy vol 2 Water Newton,A.C., (Mesen,J.F.) & 250pp Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Leakey,R.R.B. 1991 ITE/CATIE Kenward,R.E. 1992 The implications of Pollution Intenm report 84pp Overseas gull roost prevention trials on south west Development Administration Oxfordshire reservoir development study Malcolm,H.M., Dobson,S. & lOpp Thames Water Utilities Ltd Howe,P.D. 1992 Computer profiles of Newton,L, Asher,A., Freestone,P., prescnbed an; water (Red List) and land French,M.C., Wright,J. & Wyllie,I. Kenward,R.E. & Rose,R.J. 1992 Red substances Hard copy vol 3 Land 72pp 1991 Birds and pollution Annual report squirrels on Furzey Island in 1991 8pp Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution 2Opp Nature Conservancy Council Bntish Petroleum Marquiss,M. 1991 Consumption of (Nielsen,LR.) & Howe,P.D. 1991 Lawson,G.J., Mason,P.A., salmon by sawbill ducks on the River Environmental hazard assessment (Ngeh,C.P., Musoko,M.), Eamus,D. North Esk Scottish Office Agnculture tnchloroethylene Draft for comment & Leakey,R.R.B. 1990 and Fishenes Department 73pp Department of Environment Endomycon-hmal and nutnent cycling in ind.igenous hardwood plantations in Marquiss,M. & Carss,D.N. 1991 (Nielsen,LR.), Diment,J. & Cameroon — effects of different systems of Stomach contents of sawbill ducks and Dobson,S. 1991 Environmental hazard site preparation Final report 143pp cormorants shot under licence, January — assessment acrylonitnle Draft for Overseas Development Administration October 1991 Scottish Office Agriculture comment 37pp (EPTS/12D ) and Fishenes Department Department of the Environment Leakey,R.R.B. 1991 ITE/CATIE consultancy report Overseas Marquiss,M. 1992 Consumption of Parish,T, Lakhani,K.H. & Development Administration juvenile salmon by goosander ducklings Sparks,T.H. 1991 Modelling the on the River Dee, 1988-91 Scottish Office relationship between field margin Leakey,R.R.B. 1991 World Bank Agriculture and Fishenes Department attributes and bird species nchness

109 54pp Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Bar End to Compton ecological survey Ecological survey Bnbsh Gas Isle of Grain 'and-Food 1991 7Opp Mott Macdona/d Civil Ltd site 7Opp Bntish Gas

Parkinson,j.A. 1991 The certification of Stevens,P.A., Davis,B.N.K., major compounds in rainwater Welch,D., Scott,D. & (Watson,A.) Frost,A.J. & Plant,R.A. 1991 Selar 1992 Monitoring the effects of snow Commission of the European Farm grassland re-establishment project Communities fencmg on vegetation, herbivores and soils Annual report 1990/91 7Opp British Coal at Glas Maol in 1991 Progress report Opencast Executive Picozzi,N. 1991 Spey Flood Alleviation 15pp Scottish Development Department Project possible effects of the proposed Stevens,P.A., Entmett,B.A., developments on birds 17pp Institute of Welch,D., Staines,B.W. & Scott,D. Hydrology Hughes,S., Norris,D.A. & 1992 Study on the effects of wintering red Williants,T.G. 1991 Annual report for deer on moorland 7pp Nature 1991 of the nitrogen deposition Conservancy Council for Scotland Pitcairn,C.E.R., Fowler,D. & manipulation study 56pp National (Grace,j.) 1991 Changes in species Power/Powergen Joint Environment Welch,R.C. 1992 A34 Newbury bypass composition of semi-natural vegetation Programme ecological statement 9pp Mott Macdonald associated with the increase in Civil Ltd atmospheric inputs of nitrogen Final Thontas,J.A., Ward,L.K., report 79pp Nature Conservancy Snazell,R.G. & PyweII,R.F. 1992 M3 Welch,R.C. & Treweek,J.R., eds. Council suggestions for the restoration/re- 1991 A34 Newbury bypass additional vegetation of the motorway banks and the ecologcal investigations Mott Macdonald Preston,C.D., Croft,j.M. & compensation area at the Arethusa Clump Civil Ltd Forrest,W.A. 1991 Atlas and database 31pp Mott Macdonald Civil Ltd of aquatic plants in the Bntish Isles 185pp Welch,R.C., Cox,R. & Greatorex- Water Research Centre Treweek,J.R., Caldow,R.W.G., Davies,J.N. 1992 Channel Tunnel (Arrustiong,A., Dwyer,j.) & Sheail,j. terrestnal ecological monitoring Interim Preston,C.D. & Croft,j.M. 1992 1991 Wetland restoration techniques for report, 1991 42pp Eurotunnel Database and atlas of aquatic vascular an integrated approach 100pp Ministry p/ants in the Bnbsh Isles Phase II interim of Agriculture, Fishenes and Food Wells,T.C.E. & Bayfield,N.G. 1990 report (JNCC report no 34) 45pp Joint Wild flower swards for trunk road and Nature Conservation Committee Walls ,R.M. & Snaze//,R. G. 1991 motorway landscaping Supplementary Hockley Water Meadows botanical survey report 18pp Department of Transport (Rea,J.D., Willis,B.), Howe,P.D. & 1 lpp Mott Macdonald Civil Ltd Dobson,S. 1991 Environmental hazard (Willis,B., Rea,j.D.), Howe,P.D. & assessment chloroform Draft for Ward,L.K. 1991 Phytophagous insects Dobson,S. 1991 Environmental hazard comment (EFTS/14D ) 39pp Department database total numbers of insect/mite assessment carbon tetrachlonde Draft for of the Environment species associated with specified plants comment 38pp Department of the 7pp Maurice Pickenng Associates Environment Reading,C.J. 1991 Purbeck- Southampton export pipeline Goathom Ward,L.K. 1991 Report on a visit to peninsula Arne G wellsite 1 Wilson,J., Munro,R.C., juniper management expenments at Recolomsation of the PSP route and other (Muthoka,P.N., Wakanene,IC.), Upper Teesdale NNR in Durham, on 30th sites by heathland plants and animals Ingleby,K., Newton,A.C., May 1991 8pp English Nature (NE Final report Dick,J.McP., Mason,P.A., (Jefwa,j.) & BP Exploration Operating Region) Co Ltd Leakey,R.R.B. 1992 Agroforestry and mycorrhizal research for semi-and lands of Warman,E.A., Gray,A.j. & Moy,I.L. Reading,C.j. 1991 Wytch Farm East Afnca Annual report (1990-91) 1991 Biological monitoring of the Wytch development herpetological monitoring 132pp Overseas Development Farm Outfall saltrnarshes - 1991 survey Final report BP Petroleum Development Administration 23pp Bntish Petroleum Reynolds,B. 1991 Cloud water (Wright,J.F., Furse,M.T.), Webb,N.R. 1991 ECC Ball Clays chemistry at Lyn Bnanne Clarke,R.T. & Moss,D. 1991 Testing 23pp Squirrel Cottage Works butterfly survey Department of the Environment and further development of RIVPACS 8pp ECC International Ltd 141pp National Rivers Authonty Rose,R.J. & Webb,N.R. 1991 Prehminary ecological survey at Squirrel Webb,N.R. 1991 ECC Ball Clays Cottage 2Opp ECC International Ltd Squirrel Cottage Works grasshopper and Shore,R.F. 1991 The effects on small cncket survey ECC International Ltd mammals of liming moorland Final report 51pp National Power Webb,N.R. 1991 Review of the report Thorne and Hatfield Moors Invertebrate Snazell,R.G., Ward,L.K., Survey 16pp Fisons plc Rispin,W.E., Thomas,j.A., Morris,M.G. & Webb,N.R. 1991 M3 Webb,N.R. & Rispin,W.E. 1991

110 Appendix 5. ITE publications

HMSO publishes for the Institute, and acts as an agent for a substantial backlist of ITE titles. Unless specified otherwise, all books are paperback and prices are shown net (as per the Net Book Agreement), and are available from HMSO bookshops

Forest science

Attributes of trees as crop plants A field key for classifying British woodland vegetation: Part II M G R Cannell & J E Jackson (eds) R G H Bunce 592pp 0 904282 83 X £20 00 (Hardback) 1985 95pp 0 11 701417 6 £7 95 1989

Cumbrian woodlands (ITE symposium no 25) Identification of ectomycorrhizas (ITE research publication no 5) J K Adarason (ed) K Ingleby, P A Mason, F T Last & L V Fleming 94pp 0 11 701421 4 £7 10 1989 112pp 0 I I 701461 3 £30 00 1990

The ecology of even-aged forest plantations Pasture woodlands in lowland Britain E D Ford, D C Malcolm & J Atterson (eds) P T Harding & F Rose 582pp 0 904282 33 3 £9 00 (Hardback) 1979 94pp 0 904282 91 0 £5 00 1986

Effect of birch on moorlands The temperate forest ecosystem (lIE symposium no 20) j Miles Yang Hann, Wang Man, J N R Jeffers & P A Ward (eds) 18pp 0 904282 47 3 £1 50 1981 189pp 1 870393 01 5 £15 00 1987

Environmental aspects of plantation forestry in Wales Trees and wildlife in the Scottish uplands (i t, symposium no 17) (ITE symposium no 22) D Jenkins (ed) J E G Good (ed) 196pp 0 904282 97 X £7 50 1986 77pp 1 870393 02 3 £6 95 1987 Virus diseases of trees and shrubs A field key for classifying British woodland vegetation: Part I J I Cooper R G H Bunce 74pp 0 904282 28 7 £3 00 1979 103pp 0 904282 68 6 £3 00 1982

Land use, agriculture and the environment

Agriculture and conservation in the hills and uplands Historical ecology: the documentary evidence (iIE symposium no 23) J Sheail M Bell & R G H Bunce (eds) 22pp 0 904282 34 I £2 00 1980 164pp 1 870393 03 1 £10 00 1987 Moorland management: a study of Exmoor Agriculture and the environment (ITE symposium no 13) G R Miller, J Miles & 0 W Heal D Jenkms (ed) 130pp 0 904282 79 1 £4 50 1984 195pp 0 904282 73 3 £7 00 1984 Rural information for forward planning Angling and wildlife in fresh waters VIE symposium no 19) (11 E symposium no 21) P S Maitland & A K Turner (eds) R G H Bunce & C j Barr (eds) 84pp 0 904282 99 6 £8 00 1987 115pp 1870393058 £1100 1988

The biology and management of the River Dee The use of land classification in resource assessment and rural (111: symposium no 14) planning D Jenkms (ed) R S Smith 160pp 0 904282 88 0 £6 00 1985 43pp 0 904282 62 7 £3 00 1982

Britain's railway vegetation Vegetation change in upland landscapes C Sargent D F Ball, J Dale, J Shead & OW Heal 34pp 0 904282 767 £3 50 1984 45pp 0 904282 64 3 £2 00 1982

Distribution of freshwaters in Great Britain I R Smith &A ALyle 44pp 0 904282 25 2 £2 00 1979

111 Global environmental change

Climatic change, rising sea level and the British coast Climatological maps of Great Britain (11t, research publication no 1) E JWhite & R I Smith L A Boorman, JD Goss-Custard & S McGrorty 37pp 0 904282 69 4 £2 00 1982 24pp 011 701429 X £5 50 1989

The greenhouse effect and terrestrial ecosystems of the UK (11E research publication no 4) M G R Cannell & M D Hooper (eds) 56pp 011 701488 5 £4 95 1990

Environmental pollution

Acidification and fish in Scottish lochs Methods for studying acid precipitation in forest ecosystems P S Maitland, A A Lyle & R N B Campbell I A Nicholson, I S Paterson & F T Last (eds) 71pp 1 870393 04 X £6 95 1987 36pp 0 904282 36 8 £3 00 1980

Early diagnosis of forest decline Pollution in Cumbria (ITE. symposium no 16) J N Cape, I S Paterson, A R Wellburn, j Wolfenden, M Mehlhorn, P Meson (ed) P Freer-Smith & S Fink 92pp 0 904282 96 I £5 75 1986 68pp 1 870393 074 £5 00 1988 Predatory birds, pesticides and pollution Effects of air pollutants on agricultural crops AS Cooke, A A Bell & M B Haas F T Last, D Fowler & P H Freer-Smith 74pp 0 904282 55 4 £4 00 1982 27pp 0 904282 90 2 £2 00 1985 Radionuclides in terrestrial ecosystems Metals in animals (ril, symposium no 12) K L Bocock D Osborn (ed) 27pp 0 904282 42 2 £2 00 1981 77pp 0 904282 77 5 £3 50 1984

Population ecology

Birds of St Kilda Handbook of European sphagna M P Harris & S Murray R E Daniels & A Eddy 42pp 0 904282 27 9 £6 50 1989 262pp 011 701431 1 £17 50 1990

Butterfly research in ITE The status of the Atlantic salmon in Scotland M L Hall (ITE symposium no 15) 28pp 0 904282 46 5 £1 50 1981 D Jenkins & W M Shearer (eds) I 27pp 0 904282 92 9 £6 00 1986 Conserving otters D jenlans Woodlice in Britain and Ireland: distribution and habitat 14pp 0 904282 44 9 £1 00 1980 P T Hardmg & S L Sutton 152pp 0 904282 85 6 £5 00 1985 Distribution and status of bats in Europe R E Stebbmgs & F Griffith 142pp 0 904282 94 5 £5 00 1986

Community ecology

(ra, research publication no 3) Bedford Purlieus (ITE symposium no 7) Heather in England and Wales Bunce (ed) G F Peterken & R C Welch (eds) R G H 209pp 0 904282 05 8 £1 00 1975 4Opp 0 11 701422 2 £5 90 1989 — a research review (r11. research publication Coast dune management guide Spartina anglica D S Ranwell & R Boar no 2) 105pp 0 904282 93 7 £6 00 1986 A j Gray & P E M Benham (eds) 8Opp 011 701477 X £8 75 1990 Ecology of quarries (lIE symposium no 11) B N K Davis (ed) 77pp 0 904282 59 7 £2 00 1982

112 Scientific services

Chemical analysis in environmental research Ecological mapping from ground, air and space (FIE symposium no 18) (1i t. symposium no 10) A P Rowland (ed) R M Fuller (ed) 104pp 0 904282 98 8 £7 00 1987 142pp 0 904282 71 6 £6 00 1983

Cotton strip assay: an index of decomposition in soils Register of permanent vegetation plots symposium no 24) (riE M 0 Hill & G L Radford A F Hamson, P M Latter & D W H Walton (eds) 32pp 0 904282 86 4 £2 00 1986 176pp 1 870393 06 6 £12 SO 1988

The following titles have been published by the Biological Records Centre at ITE Monks Wood, and are available from Publication Sales, ITE Merlewood

Provisional atlases

Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles: Part 4, Provisional atlas of the marine algae of the British Isles Siphonaptera, fleas T A Norton R S George 67pp 0 904282 89 9 £3 50 1985 72pp 0 900848 70 7 £1 00 1974 Provisional atlas of the Sepsidae (Diptera) of the British Isles Atlas of the non-marine Mollusca of the British Isles A Pont M P Kerney 33pp 1 870393 00 7 £3 00 1986 105pp 0 904282 02 3 £3 00 1976 Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles: Part 9, Provisional atlas of the nematodes of the British Isles: Parts 1-3. Hymenoptera: Vespidae, social wasps Longidoridae, Trichodoridae and Criconematidae M E Archer D J F Brown, C E Taylor, B Boag, T J W Alphey & K J Orton-Wilharns 18pp 0 904282 38 4 £2 50 1987 74pp 0 904282 04 X £2 00 1977 Provisional atlas of the centipedes of the British Isles Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles: Part 8, A D Barber & A N Keay Trichoptera Hydroptilidae, caddisflies (Part 1) 127pp 1 870393 08 2 £7 00 1988 j E Marshall 35pp 0 904282 18 X £2 00 1978 Preliminary atlas of the millipedes of the British Isles British Myriapod Group Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles: Part 5, 65pp £3 00 1988 Hymenoptera: Formicidae, ants K E J Barrett Provisional atlas of the ticks (Ixodoidea) of the British Isles SIpp 0 904282 39 2 £3 00 1979 K P Martyn 62pp 1 870393 09 9 £4 00 1988 'Provisional atlas of the marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles J D Dodge 142pp 0 904282 S3 8 £4 00 1981 Provisional atlas of the harvest-spiders (Arachnids: Opiliones) of the British Isles J H P Sankey Provisional atlas of the mycomycetes of the British Isles 42pp 1 870393 10 4 £3 00 1988 B Ing 104pp 0 904282 67 8 £1 00 1982 Provisional atlas of the click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) of Provisional atlas and catalogue of British Museum (Natural the British Isles History) specimens of the Characeae H Mendel J A Moore & D M Greene 89pp 1 870393 11 2 £5 50 1990 12Ipp 0 904282 73 2 £6 35 1983

113 New titles published in 1991-92

Recent surveys and research on butterflies in Britain and Ireland: a species index and bibliography P T Harding & S V Green

The first in an occasional senes of bibliographies relevant to biogeographical studies

This bibhography includes over 250 references, many from the 1970s and 1980s It is indexed by species, with a bnef statement on the subject of each publication 42pp 1870393 15 5 1991 £2 50

Provisional atlas of the Larger Brachycera (Diptera) of Britain and Ireland C M Drake

The Larger Brachycera include some of the most spectacular flies found in Europe, many of which are uncommon in Bntam and Ireland The Provisional atlas of Larger Brachycera covers all species in the following families Stratiomyidae, Xylomndae, Xylophagidae, Rhagiomdae, Tabarndae, Asilidae, Therevidae, Scenopmidae, Acrocendae, Bombylndae The Atlas includes a bnef account of the occurrence and habitat of each species, together with maps of over 60 species chosen as examples of the types of distribution known for the Bntish and Insh species Also included is a table of the vice-county occurrence of species 131pp 1870393 14 7 1991 £5 00

114 0 NERC copyright 1992

ISBN: 1 85531 075 9 For further information please contact:

Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (North) Bush Estate Penicuik Midlothian EH26 OQB United Kingdom

Telephone: (031) 445 4343/6

Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (South) Monks Wood Abbots Ripton Huntingdon PE17 2LS United Kingdom

Telephone: (04873) 381/8

Natural Environment Research ACouncil E8.00 net