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out difficulty. The border soldiers on the watchtower at Ruppiner Strasse did not notice him until he was on the Wall. They wanted to fire at him, but were unable to get the window open. By the time they had broken the window pane and fired a salve, the man was already in the West.

D 414 Renate L., a secretary for the East housing construction ad- West min istration, was accompanied Representation D 409: Bullet holes in a West by an police officer of the border wall Berlin apartment, 1965 when she inspected the building Representation of the border wall at Bernauer Strasse 31. When she D 409 D 411 briefly found herself alone and Commemorative column At about five o’clock in the morn- Klaus-Peter K. was arrested by unobserved in the backyard, she Representation for Commemorative Commemorative column of the border wall column for for ing on January 4, 1965, a man, border troops on December 14, seized the moment. She fled Bernd Lünser approximately 25 years old, suc- 1973. He had tried to flee to West through the front door that had Memorial ceeded in fleeing not far from Berlin from Brunnenstrasse. He not yet been sealed up and ran to Ruppiner Strasse. He had a wire was apprehended along the . M 10 cutter with him, as well as a rope patrol road after having gotten Area D: M Bernauer Strasse Location of “Tunnel 29” Bernauer Strasse M M 10 D 417: Contacts after the Wall was Wolliner Strasse ladder and a heaving line, when past the inner wall and the signal D 415 erected, Bernauer Strasse 34, U2 D 427 D 429 D 430 D 439 D 443 he entered the border area un- fence. Ulla D. and Hans K. fled to the August 29, 1961 D 418 D 417 D 415 D 423 D 422 D 441 Eberswalder Strasse Everyday Life at the Wall D 412 D 414 D 416 D 409 D 434 D 433 D 445 D 447 D 448 D 442 D 446 noticed. The border guards did West on the evening of Septem- D 436 D 438 D 444 U U8 D 413 D 419 not detect him until he set off the D 412 ber 3, 1961. Under false pre- D 417 D 420 Orientation model alarm on the signal fence. They Frieda Schulze had lived at Bern- tences, they managed to pass After the border closed on August Orientation map U Bernauer Strasse Patrol road Patrol road C currently not currently not D 424 D opened fire, but the fugitive had auer Strasse 29 since the end of through the security and enter the 13, 1961, the residents of the bor- accessible accessible taken cover behind a screen and the war. In late August, just after border house at Bernauer Strasse der houses were not per mitted and incident markers D 411 D 421 Patrol road D 431 D 410 Representation was not hit. He managed to climb the Wall was built, she was forced 37. They broke into the apartment to maintain relations with people over the Wall to West Berlin un- to move from her ground-floor of family M., which had already on the west side. But contact con D 435 D 432 D 440 Patrol road of an escape tunnel, 1963 - Building facade D 425 D 428 harmed. A number of bullets, apartment into an apartment on left for the West, and jumped out tinued to exist never the less. D 426 D 437 Exhibition Relics of the Building however, flew into West Berlin the first floor. The 77-year old the window. Food and gifts were exchanged Representation Building facade Building console Relics of the Oderberger Strasse territory. Some entered the bed- widow fled when the large scale through windows or using ropes. inner wall of the signal fence Building Station: inner wall facade facade facade room of a resident who was building evacuations began on D 416 If the transaction was noticed, Representation The Wall in Politics Station: asleep in bed at the time. September 24, 1961. The firemen Selma P. and her son Peter W. had however, residents had to reckon of the signal fence Schönholzer Strasse Station: The Border Soldiers The Cold War and the Media Kremmener Strasse Station: spread out a rescue net beneath lived on the third floor of Bernauer with a punishment or in some The Berlin Wall and its Fall D 410 the window. Frieda Schulze first Strasse 35 since the end of the cases an eviction. Station: Station: Representation Station: at Schwedter Strasse On the evening of September 7, threw her cat down, along with a war. They began to think about The Wall and West Berlin Escape Agents and Tunnel of the patrol road Observing, Helping, Protecting. 1966, the border guard on Swine- few small possessions. She leaving East after the D 418 Builders The Western View of the Wall münder Strasse noticed a man climbed onto the window sill but Wall was erected. They informed On the evening of September 29, climbing over the inner fence at was too scared to jump. West relatives in the West that they 1961, a resident of Bernauer Schönholzer Strasse. His super- Berlin teenagers climbed up the were planning to flee on the night Strasse 30 reported that West Kindly supported by visor chased after the man and facade and tried to help her. In the before September 22. Peter W. Berlin police were loading objects fired at him. The fugitive, Klaus N., meantime, East Berlin policemen barricaded the door of the apart- onto a car in front of her building. took cover behind an anti-tank had broken into the apartment ment. Then they waited for the East Berlin police discovered an obstacle. The border soldiers and were trying to pull her back firemen, who arrived at 2:30 in the opening in the bricked-up base- Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung Wolliner StrasseWolliner

Brunnenstrasse Strasse Ruppiner Strasse Swinemünder der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur (GRW)“ assumed that he had been hit and inside. They also threw teargas morning. After throwing their pos- ment window of family D’s apart- Rheinsberger Strasse Rheinsberger Strasse wanted to arrest him, but he grenades at the West Berlin fire- sessions out the window, Selma ment. Gerhard D., his wife and

Schwedter Strasse managed to climb over the inner men. Frieda Schulze finally fell P. jumped into the rescue net and both daughters had fled through wall unnoticed and escape back into the rescue net. injured her lower back. Neighbors the basement window to the into East Berlin. An East German who had observed the escape West. policeman who had watched the D 413 alerted the nearby border guards. escape attempt from his apart- At about one o’clock in the morn- But before they were able to D 419 ment arrested Klaus N. on Brun- ing on October 27, 1968, a man break into the apartment, Peter W. On the evening of August 24, nenstrasse. used a folding ladder to climb jumped, injuring himself only 1961, Detlef M. and Herbert Z. at- East over the inner fence that stood slightly. tempted to climb over the Wall to Kulturinvestitionsprogramm next to the building at Schön hol- the West at the corner of Schön- zer Strasse 8. He crept along the holzer and Ruppiner Strasse. 29.9.1961 Berlin Wall Memorial gable wall until he reached the They were arrested by border N Bernauer Strasse 111, 13355 Berlin signal fence, which he was able to D 418 guards and handed over to the www.berliner-mauer-gedenkstaette.de climb over without triggering the Flucht Familie D. East German police. [email protected] alarm. He pulled the ladder be- Telefon 030 467 9866-66 hind him and ran to the border Telefax 030 467 9866-77 wall, which he also climbed with- 60 m D 420 D 424 D 429 D 431 knocked him down with a shovel. had reached the building by D 441 D 443 Escape Tunnels Three more escape tunnels were On June 19, 1962, West Berlin Jan-Michael G. wanted to flee at The border troops set up an On the evening of October 6, Then Jörg S., Erich E. and W. ran crossing over rooftops from Rainer P. and the former border Following a fight with his wife on At least seven escape tunnels built on the northeast end of police heard three shots fired at Ruppiner Strasse where gates in observation post at Bernauer 1961, border police arrested Anita towards the Wall. When the head Rheinsberger Strasse. The officer Uwe W. planned their the evening of January 28, 1966, existed in exhibition area D, but Bernauer Strasse in 1962 – 1963. Ruppiner Strasse. Shortly there- the inner wall and signal fence Strasse 44 to enable the guards L. and Erna M. in the attic of the guard recovered from the blow, woman lost her footing as she escape in May 1977. They had Manfred B. made the spon tan- only one of them was successful. In late 1962, escape helpers after cries of pain were heard, allowed border troops to pass to observe activity on Bernauer building at Swinemünder Strasse he set off a border alarm by firing passed by the third floor. She inspected the situation along the eous decision to flee. He first West Berlin students dug “Tunnel stopped working on a ten-meter- presumably from a wounded through. Driving a heavy cargo Strasse. On the evening of Sep- 24. They had been planning to use ten shots from his Kalashnikov. crashed to the sidewalk and border. Entering from the back- climbed over the inner fence and 29” from factory ruins at Bernauer long tunnel they had begun from fugitive. truck on the evening of April 8, tember 17, 1962, they noticed a a clothes line to climb down to the But the other border guards were injured herself badly. Another yard of Kremmener Strasse 8, then the border signal fence with- Strasse 78 to Schönholzer the corner house at Wolliner 1989, Jan-Michael G. broke man in front of the building at West. They were handed over to unable to prevent the escape. fugitive suffered rope burns on they were able to get passed the out triggering an alarm. But the Strasse 7. During two nights in Strasse 46a. They worried that D 421 through both gates. But the truck Bernauer Strasse 42. The border the East Berlin police. Gerd Sch., who had been waiting both hands during the descent. inner wall, the border signal fence border guards on Kremmener September 1962, 29 people were too many people knew about the Jürgen B. had already climbed got entangled in a rope barrier guards suspected an escape. The at the road barrier, decided not to The other fugitives survived the and all the other obstacles with- Strasse noticed him as he ap- able to escape to West Berlin project. In the spring of 1963, over the wire fence when border that was especially designed to head guard sent for a flashlight so D 432 flee when he heard the shots. He escape unharmed. Another wo- out difficulty. Uwe W. helped proached the border fence. They through this tunnel. A short time teenagers began digging one of guards arrested him on Ruppiner stop trucks. Jan-Michael G. was they could search the deserted On the evening of November 10, was arrested in his hometown a man who was also planning to Rainer P. climb over the border called out to him and fired 80 D 446: Escape route later, a few of these tunnel build- the few tunnels that ran from East Strasse on the night leading into arrested and handed over to the building. Meanwhile a West Berlin 1983, border soldiers arrested few days later. escape was arrested by border wall but was then arrested at Rup- shots in his direction. They later of the border soldiers, ers began digging a second to West Berlin. It began at Krem- January 5, 1963. During ques- secret police. policeman threatened the guard Ronni S. in the border strip as he soldiers in the same attic a short piner Strasse by border guards arrested Manfred B. and handed March 1966 escape tunnel from the same mener Strasse 15 and had almost tioning, he admitted to wanting at the observation post with his was trying to escape to West D 435 time later. before he could climb over the him over to the police. cellar rooms. But the tunnel was reached Bernauer Strasse when to flee to the West. D 425 drawn weapon. Other policemen Berlin with the help of a step- On May 12, 1987, a person was Wall himself. People on the West Berlin betrayed. When the tunnel build- it was discovered in May 1963 On the afternoon of March 29, were positioned in front of Bern- ladder. arrested by border soldiers in the D 439 side had seen him try to escape. ers broke through to the East in by a resident who informed the D 422 1962, Johannes M. offered the auer Strasse 42, ready to shoot. border strip at Swinemünder On August 9, 1986, to acknow- D 442 The Berlin Senate responded by February 1963, secret police border guards. Nineteen people On the morning of September 8, border guard at Ruppiner Strasse They broke through a walled-up D 429.1: Border troop sketch D 433 Strasse after he had climbed over ledge the upcoming 25th anni ver- On December 16, 1966, construc- hanging a poster that read: agents were waiting for them in were imprisoned. The third es- 1961 the photographer of an East a thousand marks to let him and basement window and three of escape, September 17, 1962 On October 18, 1961, construc- the inner wall. sary of the Berlin Wall and to com- tion workers were being mon- “Soldier, you stand alone with the cellar of Brunnenstrasse 45. cape tunnel ran from the grounds Berlin magazine took pictures his girlfriend pass through to the young men climbed out. The fugi- tion workers were monitored as memorate the division of the city, itored as they tore down the your guilt.” They recognized the threat in of the freight depot to the corner of the Wall on Swinemünder West. The border soldier agreed, tives were driven away quickly they bricked up the windows of D 436 people formed a human chain building at Bernauer Strasse 48. time. But fourteen people who house at Eberswalder/Oder- Strasse. The border guards were but instead he notified his com- in a police car. The escape was the building at Bernauer Strasse Erich B. lived with his wife, two between and Werner T. used the opportunity to D 444 were planning to escape and berger Strasse. The tunnel, which checking his papers when a rade. When Johannes M. returned already over when border soldiers 44. The fiancé of the construction children and his mother-in-law at Bernauer Strasse. Many thou- speak to his mother who lived in According to the border troops, three couriers were arrested and had almost reached its destina- young man came out of a bakery with Klara B., they were both arrived half an hour later. worker Norbert Raasch lived in Swinemünder Strasse 23. After sands of people participated in West Berlin, but he was caught by 31,500 people visited the viewing sentenced. tion, was discontinued in July located close to the Wall. He arrested. the West. When nobody was look- the Wall was built, the family the event that was initiated by the a captain of the border troops. platform at Schwedter Strasse in The tunnel builders who had 1963 after the escape plans were seized the moment and ran to the D 430 ing, he seized the moment and decided to flee. On September 19, group “Arbeitsgemeinschaft 13. The border regiment chief of staff 1986, an average of 2,625 people begun digging from the cellar of betrayed and two of the tunnel Wall, climbing over it without D 426 On the morning of September 29, jumped out the first-floor window 1961 they jumped from the first August” and other organizations. ordered that Werner T. to be a month. Bernauer Strasse 82 in August builders were arrested in East difficulty. The border guards On the evening of May 24, 1973, 1961, Mrs. K., 89 years old, was onto the sidewalk on the west floor of the building next door, arrested and handed over to the 1962 feared that this project had Berlin. noticed him too late to stop his Jürgen B. approached the gate of waiting for two people whom she side. His supervisor had suspec- Bernauer Strasse 42, into the D 440 police the next day when he D 445 also been betrayed. The tunnel escape. the inner wall at Ruppiner Strasse. didn’t know, who were interested ted that he was planning to flee, rescue net of the West Berlin fire Mario E. tried to escape at Wolli- arrived at the construction site. On the afternoon of February 19, was already thirty meters long He shook the gate and called out in renting her basement at Bern- but chose not to report it to the department. Erich B. broke his ner Strasse at about two o’clock 1962, border troops discovered a when they gave up on it at the end D 423 “let me across, you swine.” He auer Strasse 44. Shortly before border guards. The escape did thigh bone during the fall and had in the morning on November 30, hole in a bricked-up window on of the year. Eight years later an- Three young men were able to was arrested by border soldiers. noon a man and a woman rang the not become known until the end to stay in the hospital for six 1979. He was able to flee although the first floor of the building at other tunnel was begun at Bern- escape to the West at Ruppiner doorbell. After they entered the of the workday when Raasch months. The rest of the family the border troops saw him. He Bernauer Strasse 46. It is be- auer Strasse 80. In May 1970, Strasse on the evening of August D 427 apartment, they walked right over could not be found. The brigadier survived the escape unharmed. was with a friend when the East lieved that by candlelight a man after receiving a tip and employ- 17, 1961. Using a truck, they On the morning of October 3, to the window, intending to flee. was brought to police head- German police arrested him on used nails to scratch away the ing listening devices, the East rammed through the recently 1962, 200 teenagers of a tour When Mrs. K. let out a cry of fear, quarters at Alexanderplatz and D 437 Eberswalder Strasse half an hour plaster from the brick joints and German secret police began erected wall. The border guards group were viewing the Berlin the fugitives covered her mouth. interrogated the entire night. He In the early evening of Septem- later. then jumped through the hole to D 446 D 447 digging a trench that intersected quickly opened fire, but the flee- Wall. Six of them climbed onto the Neighbors who had heard the D 429.2: Border troop observation was released the next morning ber 2, 1961, about 200 people the West. The military conscripts Udo S. On the afternoon of September and exposed the 85-meter-long ing men were not injured. This Wall at Swinemünder Strasse to scream notified the border post, around 1964 and did not suffer any further gathered at Swinemünder and Burckhardt B. were on duty at 12, 1961, an unknown man escape tunnel. was the fourth time since August take photographs. The border guards. By the time they entered sanctions. Strasse and waved across the Eberswalder Strasse on March managed to escape to the West. 13 that shots were fired at fugi- soldiers demanded that they get the apartment, the couple had 1. 8.1962 Wall to West Berlin. Several of the 23, 1966. They were both unhappy He had broken into the first-floor tives in Berlin. The men were un- off the Wall. When they didn’t already jumped out the window. D 434 parents in the group lifted their serving at the border. They de- apartment of the Sch. family in the D 434 28.8.1961 harmed, but a number of bullets obey, the border guards threw Jörg S. decided to flee with his children up in the air. The police cided to flee that afternoon. They building at Bernauer Strasse 47 fired from machine pistols flew smoke grenades. The West Berlin Flucht Gefr. friends Erich E., Gerd Sch. and W. patrol was unable to break up the broke through the door in the and used a telephone cable to D 448 onto the West Berlin side – one police responded by firing several Jörg S., Erich E . in July 1962. At the time Jörg S. crowd. The crowd was not dis- blocking screen at Eberswalder climb down from the window. und W. Flucht Dieter R. went into a resident’s bedroom. smoke grenades back at them. was serving duty in the army and persed until an intervention force Strasse and moved beyond the und Bruno P. The situation settled down a short D 428: Torn down rear buildings posted at the Berlin Wall. This was arrived about half an hour later. D 439: Human chain on the 25th other border guards’ field of D 448 time later. and side wings on Bernauer Strasse, supposed to assist them in their anniversary of the Berlin Wall, 1986 vision. To the right of the blocking On the evening of August 28, around 1965 escape plan. On August 1, 1962, D 438 screen, they climbed over the wall 1961, Dieter R. managed to enter D 428 Jörg S. arranged to be assigned Just past five o’clock in the morn- of the freight depot and jumped to the apartment of Bruno P. at Bern- Credits: An exhibition of the D 409 Berlin Wall Foundation To create a pathway behind the rear guard at the road barrier on ing on September 19, 1961, four the West. The escape was not auer Strasse 47b without any Alex Waidmann border houses, border troops tore Swinemünder Strasse. At about men and a woman slid down a detected until a West Berlin police border guards noticing. A short D 417 Exhibition curator down the side wing and rear build- 9:15 p.m., Erich E. and W. entered rope that they had attached to the officer called over to the border time later he jumped to the West Photographer not known Dr. Gerhard Sälter D 428 Project coordinator ings along Bernauer Strasse in the border area. After Jörg S. chimney on the roof of the build- guards: “So! Now there are two from the second-floor window. Border troop photo, 1963. Demolition of the res id en- pretended to check their papers, ing at Bernauer Strasse 43. They fewer of you!” According to the border troop Dr. Günter Schlusche Bundesarchiv Landscape architecture tial buildings between Ruppiner they headed for the building at investigation, Bruno P. had es- D 429.1 sinai, Berlin D 442: Stones removed by Werner T. so he could Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv and Swinemünder Strasse was Swinemünder Strasse 23. A short caped once before. D 429.2 Exhibition design 17. 8.1961 planned for June. time later, Jörg S. asked the head speak with his mother, December 17, 1966 Ingrid Breinlinger, Gedenkstätte Christian Fuchs, 19. 9.1961 19. 2.1969 D 423 guard G. to come to the building Berliner Mauer ON architektur, Berlin D 438 D 439 where civilians had been found. D 445 Secret police photo, BStU Graphics Flucht, When Private G. entered the back Weidner Händle, Stuttgart drei Männer Flucht, Flucht, ein Mann D 442 courtyard, one of fugitives fünf Personen Border troop photo, Translation Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv Miriamne Fields D 446 Border troop photo and sketch, Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv