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Simulatorji Interneta Stvari UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA RAČUNALNIŠTVO IN INFORMATIKO Boris Laharnar Simulatorji interneta stvari DIPLOMSKO DELO UNIVERZITETNI ŠTUDIJ RAČUNALNIŠTVA IN INFORMATIKE SMER INFORMATIKA Ljubljana, 2016 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA RAČUNALNIŠTVO IN INFORMATIKO Boris Laharnar Simulatorji interneta stvari DIPLOMSKO DELO UNIVERZITETNI ŠTUDIJ RAČUNALNIŠTVA IN INFORMATIKE SMER INFORMATIKA Mentor: prof. dr. Marko Bajec Ljubljana, 2016 Fakulteta za računalništvo in informatiko izdaja naslednjo nalogo: Simulatorji interneta stvari Tematika naloge: V okviru diplomske naloge naredite obširen pregled IoT simulatorjev. Osredotočite se na simulatorje, ki so prosto dostopni in odprto-kodni. Vsak simulator posebej opišite, za vse skupaj pa pripravite pregledno tabelo, ki bo simulatorje primerjala po ključnih parametrih in bo lahko služila zainteresiranemu raziskovalcu, da za svoje potrebe izbere najbolj primeren simulator. Uporabnost takšne primerjalne tabele prikažite na primeru. Internet stvari (IoT) je eden izmed najpomembnejših tehnoloških trendov, kateremu mnogi pripisujejo ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju digitalne ekonomije prihodnosti ter razvoju informacijske družbe nasploh. Vlaganja, ki se strmo povečujejo, to potrjujejo, dodana vrednost pa naj bi do leta 2020 po nekaterih ocenah dosegla celo 2 bilijona dolarjev. Investicije v digitalizacijo s pomočjo interneta stvari (npr. pametna mesta, pametne tovarne, pametne stavbe, pametna raba energije, e-zdravje itd.) pa so obenem tvegane, saj težko ocenimo, kdaj se bo investicija povrnila. Zato so zelo dobrodošli IoT simulatorji in platforme, ki omogočajo, da posamezna rešitve, tudi kompleksnejše (kot npr. koncept pametnega mesta) preskusimo najprej v simuliranem okolju in na ta način analiziramo potencialne učinke. IZJAVA O AVTORSTVU DIPLOMSKEGA DELA Spodaj podpisani Boris Laharnar, z vpisno številko 24950367, sem avtor diplomskega dela z naslovom: Simulatorji interneta stvari. S svojim podpisom zagotavljam, da: sem diplomsko delo izdelal samostojno pod mentorstvom prof. dr. Marka Bajca, so elektronska oblika diplomskega dela, naslov (slov., angl.), povzetek (slov., angl.) ter ključne besede (slov., angl.) identični s tiskano obliko diplomskega dela in soglašam z javno objavo elektronske oblike diplomskega dela v zbirki ”Dela FRI”. V Ljubljani, dne ______________ Podpis avtorja: __________________ Zahvaljujem se družini za neverjetno potrpežljivost in enkratno spodbudo. Zahvaljujem se mentorju prof. dr. Marku Bajcu za strokovno izvedbo mentorstva, promptno pomoč in prijazne nasvete. Brinu in Špeli. Kazalo Povzetek............................................................................................................................. xix Abstract ............................................................................................................................. xix 1 Uvod .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Dodana vrednost IoT .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 IoT naprava ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Senzor ................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Programiranje IoT naprav ................................................................................... 4 1.2.2.1 Brezžično senzorsko omrežje (WSN) .......................................................... 4 1.2.2.2 Medmrežni vmesnik (gateway) ................................................................... 4 1.2.3 IoT komunikacija ................................................................................................ 5 1.2.4 Nizkoenergijski protokoli ................................................................................... 6 1.3 Operacijski sistemi za IoT ...................................................................................... 6 1.4 Vmesno programje (middleware) ............................................................................ 7 2 Simulacija IoT okolja ................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Dejavniki tveganja IoT projektov.......................................................................... 10 2.2 Obvladovanje razvoja IoT s simulacijami ............................................................. 11 2.3 Modeliranje sistema IoT ....................................................................................... 12 2.4 Rešitve za podporo simulacijam v IoT .................................................................. 13 2.5 Izgradnja ciljnega modela in izbira simulacijskih orodij ........................................ 15 2.6 Želene lastnosti simulacijske platforme za IoT ...................................................... 16 3 IoT simulatorji........................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Opisi simulacijskih orodij in rešitev za IoT ........................................................... 19 3.1.1 Simulatorji ........................................................................................................ 19 3.1.1.1 UbiREAL.................................................................................................. 19 3.1.1.2 OMNeT++ ................................................................................................ 21 3.1.1.2.1 INET ................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1.2.2 MiXiM ................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1.2.3 Veins ................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1.2.4 Castalia................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1.2.5 Druge razširitve platforme OMNeT++ ................................................. 25 3.1.1.3 CupCarbon [43] ........................................................................................ 25 3.1.1.4 Persepteur [44] [45] .................................................................................. 27 3.1.1.5 NS-3 ......................................................................................................... 29 3.1.1.5.1 iTETRIS (Integrated Wireless and Traffic Platform for Real-Time Road Traffic Management Solutions)............................................................................. 30 3.1.1.5.2 NS-2 .................................................................................................... 30 3.1.1.6 EASIM ..................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1.7 SimPy ....................................................................................................... 32 3.1.1.8 Ptolemy II ................................................................................................. 32 3.1.1.9 Shawn ....................................................................................................... 33 3.1.1.10 SIDnet-SWANS [62] [63] [64] .............................................................. 34 3.1.1.11 GrooveNet [64] ..................................................................................... 34 3.1.1.12 Worldsens Simulator ............................................................................. 35 3.1.1.13 Freedomotic .......................................................................................... 36 3.1.1.14 Avrora [53] ........................................................................................... 37 3.1.1.15 StreetLightSim ...................................................................................... 38 3.1.1.16 DEUS.................................................................................................... 38 3.1.1.17 OSMobility ........................................................................................... 39 3.1.1.18 MAMMotH ........................................................................................... 39 3.1.1.19 DEVSimPy ........................................................................................... 40 3.1.1.20 ZBOSS Network Simulator ................................................................... 40 3.1.1.21 Automatski ............................................................................................ 41 3.1.1.22 Desmo-J ................................................................................................ 41 3.1.1.23 ArduPilot .............................................................................................. 42 3.1.1.24 Mosaik .................................................................................................. 42 3.1.1.24.1 Mosaik + OMNeT++ ......................................................................... 43 3.1.1.25 TRMSim-WSN (Trust and Reputation Models Simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks) ..................................................................................................... 44 3.1.1.26 Sensor Security Simulator (S3) .............................................................. 44 3.1.1.27 WSN Localization Simulator ................................................................. 45 3.1.2 Simulatorji konteksta (modeliranje agentov) ....................................................
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