20EEE653 Advanced Industrial Automation and Building Automation Credits: 3:0:0 Date: 20.04.2021 Lecture 7 Concept of Building Management System (BMS) – application - Automation requirements Module 2 : Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems Course Instructor Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE Associate Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Introduction 2 Intelligent Building Building Pyramid Intelligent 3 Concept of Building Management System Building automation system (BAS) is an umbrella term (and is also known as building management system, BMS). It is used to refer to a wide range of computerized building control systems, from special- purpose controllers, to standalone remote stations, to larger systems including central computer stations and printers. BAS is one of the major intelligent building systems. A BAS comprises several subsystems which are connected in various ways to form a complete system. The system has to be designed and engineered around the building itself to serve the services systems for which it is intended. Consequently, although the component parts used may be identical, no two systems are the same, unless they are applied to identical buildings with identical services and identical uses. Building services include HVAC systems, electrical systems, lighting systems, fire systems and security systems and lift systems. In industrial buildings they may also include the compressed air, steam and hot water systems used for the manufacturing process. A BAS may be used to monitor, control and manage all or just some of these services. There are good reasons and ultimate objectives in investing considerable sums of money in this way. These will vary, depending on the use of the building and the way the building is managed as well as the relationship between the value of the end product and the cost of operating the building. It may also depend on the level of sophistication of the building services and their capital cost. 5 BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) - COMPONENTS Systems and Services These systems and services include: • Air conditioning • Ventilation • Lighting • Hydraulics • Access control • CCTV • Fire detection • Fire fighting • Lifts • Etc. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS) Concept “self know, self decide and self respond” Self know Self decide Self respond Sensor Definition: The device which senses or reacts to any physical, chemical or biological condition is known as sensor or detector. Sensor basically converts mechanical action or energy to electrical form. Sensor Examples: Thermocouple: It detects the temperature and convert it into current/voltage. This can be displayed as required in analog/digital form. Pressure sensor: It detects pressure and convert it into electric current. Transducer Definition: As shown in the figure, a transducer consists of sensor and signal conditioning circuit. Often sensor output is not meaningful which need to be converted into readable or measurable form. This is achieved using signal conditioning circuit. Transducer Examples: Loudspeaker, Potentiometer etc. From the above we can conclude that sensor is part of transducer. Hence every transducer is a sensor But every sensor need not be transducer always. But sometimes sensor can be treated as transducer. Sensor falls under category of transducers. 8 Requirements of BAS 1 Increased reliability of plant and services 1. The objectives of system operation and maintenance are to ensure the plant runs properly without breakdowns and to preserve efficient operation. 2. Failure of a component almost always results in a more expensive repair or replacement than would have been necessary with timely periodic attention. 3. Furthermore, the breakdown of certain equipment interrupts the service provided by the environmental system with resultant inconvenience to occupants and/or extra cost to the owner. 4. A BAS can make a significant contribution towards guaranteeing the operation by monitoring the system continuously and providing preventative maintenance. 5. Typical examples are equipment alerts when the predetermined operating time has been reached and in the case of equipment performance having been degraded to a certain level. 9 2 Reduced operating costs 1. One of the major expenses in operating a building is the cost of energy required for heating, air- conditioning and illuminating the space. 2. A key function of the BAS is to reduce the energy costs as much as practically possible. 3. Typical examples of this are programmed start/stop, duty cycling, set- point reset and chiller optimizations. 4. The personnel used to maintain a building and its services is a significant portion of the overall operating costs nowadays due to increased remuneration costs and the increased sophistication of modern building services systems. 5. The contribution which a BAS provides to reducing manpower requirements can have a major effect on the annual cost of running a building. 6. All types of buildings are candidates for some kind of energy- saving system. If the only reason for installing a system is to save energy, it is referred to as an energy management and control system (EMCS) or building energy management system (BEMS) rather than a BAS or BMS. Therefore, an EMCS or BEMS is normally considered as part of the BAS or BMS. 7. EMCS or BEMS can be considered as the monitoring and control systems of building services systems that have significant contributions to the energy consumption of buildings. 10 3 Building management 1. BAS provides the most cost- effective means for staff to manage the building. 2. This means monitoring the conditions and services and maintaining them at the required level at all times. It also means being able to respond quickly and efficiently to changes in function patterns and use of space 4 Enhancing staff productivity 1. A BAS can also provide benefits which are less tangible and therefore difficult to measure. These include increased efficiency of personnel because of improved environmental conditions. Improved morale and job satisfaction of maintenance personnel, who are able to spend more time preventing things from going wrong and less time in ‘fire fighting’, can be another intangible benefit. 11 5 Protection of people and equipment 1. Inherent to the BAS is a communication network that extends throughout the building or complex of buildings. This same communication system can be put to work sending alarms to an operator or security service in the event of smoke, fire, intrusion or situations that could possibly damage equipment. 2. In addition, the BAS can also assist in other security measures. For example, it can control access to itself by providing the building manager with the capability of granting different levels of access to various staff members. 3. The BAS can help guard against intrusion in the building by utilizing card access, by controlling and monitoring specified areas of the building, and by assuring that the rounds of security patrollers match a predetermined schedule. 12 INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS) What does an IBMS do? Day to day building operation The most common primary function of the BMSis the control of the building HVAC system including; • Chilled Water Plant • Cooling Towers • Tenant Condenser Water • Heating Water Plant • Exhaust Systems INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS) What does an IBMS do? Building Control Applications • Zone temperature monitoring and control • Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV) • CO2 monitoring and control (Air Quality) • Air handling unit • Air flow/pressure control • Toilet, car park, kitchen and general exhaust fan control • After Hours Building Control INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS) DESIGN OF BMS INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS) What does an IBMSdo? Measuring and Monitoring buildingperformance • Data • Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Dashboards • Graphs • Alarms • Reports INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS) What does an IBMSdo? Interaction with other buildingsystems • Lighting system • Emergency lighting system • Fire protection system • Security system • CCTV system • Meter system • Etc. BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) Benefits of IBMS • Real-time monitoring • Documentation • Customized control strategies • Flexibility and ease of changes • Integration of all building systems • Automated recovery of failure • Running/operational cost reductions • Reduce labor cost • Tenants’ comfort • Indoor quality • Safety and security 19 20EEE653 Advanced Industrial Automation and Building Automation Credits: 3:0:0 Date: 21.04.2021 Lecture 8 Design considerations - Effect on functional efficiency of building automation system Module 2 : Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems Course Instructor Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE Associate Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Sensor Definition: The device which senses or reacts to any physical, chemical or biological condition is known as sensor or detector. Sensor basically converts mechanical action or energy to electrical form. Sensor Examples: Thermocouple: It detects the temperature and convert it into current/voltage. This can be displayed as required in analog/digital form. Pressure sensor: It detects pressure and convert it into electric current. Transducer Definition: As shown in the figure, a transducer consists of sensor and signal conditioning circuit. Often sensor output