20EEE653 Advanced Industrial Automation and Building Automation Credits: 3:0:0

Date: 20.04.2021

Lecture 7 Concept of Building Management System (BMS) – application - Automation requirements

Module 2 : Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems Course Instructor

Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE Associate Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Introduction 2 Intelligent Building Pyramid 3 Concept of Building Management System

 Building automation system (BAS) is an umbrella term (and is also known as building management system, BMS).

 It is used to refer to a wide range of computerized building control systems, from special- purpose controllers, to standalone remote stations, to larger systems including central computer stations and printers.

 BAS is one of the major intelligent building systems.

 A BAS comprises several subsystems which are connected in various ways to form a complete system. The system has to be designed and engineered around the building itself to serve the services systems for which it is intended. Consequently, although the component parts used may be identical, no two systems are the same, unless they are applied to identical buildings with identical services and identical uses.  Building services include HVAC systems, electrical systems, lighting systems, fire systems and security systems and lift systems. In industrial buildings they may also include the compressed air, steam and hot water systems used for the manufacturing process.

 A BAS may be used to monitor, control and manage all or just some of these services. There are good reasons and ultimate objectives in investing considerable sums of money in this way. These will vary, depending on the use of the building and the way the building is managed as well as the relationship between the value of the end product and the cost of operating the building. It may also depend on the level of sophistication of the building services and their capital cost. 5 BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) - COMPONENTS

Systems and Services

These systems and services include:

• Air conditioning • Ventilation • Lighting • Hydraulics • Access control • CCTV • Fire detection • Fire fighting • Lifts • Etc. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS)

Concept “self know, self decide and self respond”

Self know Self decide Self respond Sensor Definition: The device which senses or reacts to any physical, chemical or biological condition is known as sensor or detector.

Sensor basically converts mechanical action or energy to electrical form.

Sensor Examples: Thermocouple: It detects the temperature and convert it into current/voltage. This can be displayed as required in analog/digital form. Pressure sensor: It detects pressure and convert it into electric current.

1. The objectives of system operation and maintenance are to ensure the plant runs properly without breakdowns and to preserve efficient operation.

2. Failure of a component almost always results in a more expensive repair or replacement than would have been necessary with timely periodic attention.

3. Furthermore, the breakdown of certain equipment interrupts the service provided by the environmental system with resultant inconvenience to occupants and/or extra cost to the owner.

4. A BAS can make a significant contribution towards guaranteeing the operation by monitoring the system continuously and providing preventative maintenance.

5. Typical examples are equipment alerts when the predetermined operating time has been reached and in the case of equipment performance having been degraded to a certain level. 9 2 Reduced operating costs

1. One of the major expenses in operating a building is the cost of energy required for heating, air- conditioning and illuminating the space. 2. A key function of the BAS is to reduce the energy costs as much as practically possible. 3. Typical examples of this are programmed start/stop, duty cycling, set- point reset and chiller optimizations. 4. The personnel used to maintain a building and its services is a significant portion of the overall operating costs nowadays due to increased remuneration costs and the increased sophistication of modern building services systems. 5. The contribution which a BAS provides to reducing manpower requirements can have a major effect on the annual cost of running a building. 6. All types of buildings are candidates for some kind of energy- saving system. If the only reason for installing a system is to save energy, it is referred to as an energy management and control system (EMCS) or building energy management system (BEMS) rather than a BAS or BMS. Therefore, an EMCS or BEMS is normally considered as part of the BAS or BMS. 7. EMCS or BEMS can be considered as the monitoring and control systems of building services systems that have significant contributions to the energy consumption of buildings. 10 3 Building management

1. BAS provides the most cost- effective means for staff to manage the building. 2. This means monitoring the conditions and services and maintaining them at the required level at all times. It also means being able to respond quickly and efficiently to changes in function patterns and use of space

4 Enhancing staff productivity

1. A BAS can also provide benefits which are less tangible and therefore difficult to measure. These include increased efficiency of personnel because of improved environmental conditions. Improved morale and job satisfaction of maintenance personnel, who are able to spend more time preventing things from going wrong and less time in ‘fire fighting’, can be another intangible benefit. 11 5 Protection of people and equipment

1. Inherent to the BAS is a communication network that extends throughout the building or complex of buildings. This same communication system can be put to work sending alarms to an operator or security service in the event of smoke, fire, intrusion or situations that could possibly damage equipment. 2. In addition, the BAS can also assist in other security measures. For example, it can control access to itself by providing the building manager with the capability of granting different levels of access to various staff members. 3. The BAS can help guard against intrusion in the building by utilizing card access, by controlling and monitoring specified areas of the building, and by assuring that the rounds of security patrollers match a predetermined schedule. 12 INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS)

What does an IBMS do?

Day to day building operation The most common primary function of the BMSis the control of the building HVAC system including;

• Chilled Water Plant • Cooling Towers • Tenant Condenser Water • Heating Water Plant • Exhaust Systems INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS)

What does an IBMS do?

Building Control Applications

• Zone temperature monitoring and control • Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV) • CO2 monitoring and control (Air Quality) • Air handling unit • Air flow/pressure control • Toilet, car park, kitchen and general exhaust fan control • After Hours Building Control INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS)

DESIGN OF BMS INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS)

What does an IBMSdo?

Measuring and Monitoring buildingperformance

• Data • Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Dashboards • Graphs • Alarms • Reports INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IBMS)

What does an IBMSdo?

Interaction with other buildingsystems

• Lighting system • Emergency lighting system • Fire protection system • Security system • CCTV system • Meter system • Etc. BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)

Benefits of IBMS

• Real-time monitoring • Documentation • Customized control strategies • Flexibility and ease of changes • Integration of all building systems • Automated recovery of failure • Running/operational cost reductions • Reduce labor cost • Tenants’ comfort • Indoor quality • Safety and security 19 20EEE653 Advanced Industrial Automation and Building Automation Credits: 3:0:0

Date: 21.04.2021

Lecture 8 Design considerations - Effect on functional efficiency of building automation system

Module 2 : Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems Course Instructor

Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE Associate Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Sensor Definition: The device which senses or reacts to any physical, chemical or biological condition is known as sensor or detector.

Sensor basically converts mechanical action or energy to electrical form.

Transducer Definition: As shown in the figure, a transducer consists of sensor and signal conditioning circuit. Often sensor output is not meaningful which need to be converted into readable or measurable form. This is achieved using signal conditioning circuit. Transducer Examples: Loudspeaker, Potentiometer etc. From the above we can conclude that sensor is part of transducer. Hence every transducer is a sensor But every sensor need not be transducer always. But sometimes sensor can be treated as transducer. Sensor falls under category of transducers. 2 TYPES OF SENSOR Direct • A sensor that can convert a non-electrical stimulus into an electrical signal with intermediate stages. • Thermocouple (temperature to voltage) Indirect • A sensor that multiple conversion steps to transform the measured signal into an electrical signal. • A fiber-optic displacement sensor: • Current photons current 3 THE TABLE LISTS OUT SENSORS AND ACTUATORS USED ALONG WITH QUANTITY TO BE MEASURED

Quantity to be measured Input device(sensor) Output device(actuator)

Light Level LDR, photodiode, phototransistor, solar cell LED and display, fiber optic, lights, lamps

Thermocouple, thermostate, thermistor, Temperature Heater, Fan RTD

Force or pressure Strain gauge, load cell, pressure switch Lifts and Jacks, vibration, electromagnetic

Potentiometer, encoders, LVDT, reflective Position Motor, solenoid, panel meter or slotted opto switch

Tacho generator, reflective or slotted opto Speed AC and DC motors, stepper motor, brake coupler, doppler effect sensors

Sound Carbon microphone, piezo electric crystal Bell, Buzzer, loudspeaker 4 Following are the typical specifications of sensors to be considered before purchase:

• Sensitivity • Stimulus range (span) • Stability (short and long term) • Resolution • Accuracy • Selectivity • Speed of response • Environmental conditions • Overload characteristics • Linearity • Hysteresis • Dead band • Operating life • Output format • Cost • size • weight

4/21/2021 5 4/21/2021

KVK/EEE/SES/KU/CBE 6 Temperature Sensor Accelerometer Light Sensor

Magnetic Field Sensor Ultrasonic Sensor Photogate

CO2 Gas Sensor 7 Different types of Sensors Available for Building Projects

4/21/2021 8 4/21/2021 9 4/21/2021 10 List of Sensor Manufacturing Companies

Sr. N Company Name Location Products 1 Sensors India Delhi Sensors 2 Sensors India Pune Sensors 3 Accent Controls Thane Sensors 4 Custom Sensors & Technologies Bengaluru Sensors 5 Apple Automation And Sensor Autonics Mumbai Sensors 6 Nutronics India Delhi Sensors 7 Schmersal India Private Limited Gurugram Sensors 8 Svel Sensors & Controls Private Limited Pune Sensors 9 Medical Sensors India Private Limited Bengaluru Sensors 10 Turck India Automation Private Limited Bengaluru Sensors 11 Sapcon Level Sensors New Delhi Delhi Sensors 12 Sunpro Instruments India Pvt Ltd Pune Sensors 13 Autonics Automation India Pvt Ltd Noida Sensors 14 Autonics Sensors & Controllers Delhi Sensors 15 Tempsens Instruments (I) Pvt Ltd. Udaipur Sensors 16 Axis Solutions Ahmedabad Sensors 17 Katlax Gandhi Nagar Sensors 18 WIKA Instruments India Pvt. Ltd Delhi Sensors 19 Sensorex – Halma India Delhi Sensors 20 Harissensor Mumbai Sensors 21 EXA Thermometrics India Bengaluru Sensors 22 Fusiauto Noida Sensors 23 Proximon Controls Pvt. Ltd Thane Sensors 24 Pricol Ltd. Coimbatore Sensors 25 Aeron Systems Pune Sensors 26 KEYENCE India Chennai Sensors 27 Macurex Sensors Bangalore Sensors 11 12 20EEE653 Advanced Industrial Automation and Building Automation Credits: 3:0:0

Date: 28.04.2021

Lecture 9 Architecture and components of BMS - Functions of EMS

Module 2 : Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems Course Instructor

Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE Associate Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

BAS ARCHITECTURE

2 BAS ARCHITECTURE EXPLANATION

3 IBS PROTOCOLS

Concept

• Building systems (HVAC, security/access, lighting control, building safety, and physical plant control) talk to one another using a common language (protocol)

• ASHRAE • LonTalk • BACnet • Midac • DALI • OPC • Dynet • OpenTherm • Energy Star, • OpenWebNet • EnOcean • S-Bus • KNX • ZigBee Concept IBS PROTOCOLS • Building systems (HVAC, security/access, lighting control, building safety, and physical plant control) talk to one another using a common language (protocol) IBS PROTOCOLS

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Its an American professional association seeking to advance heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R)systems design and construction. ASHRAE has more than 57,000 members in more than 132 countries worldwide. Its members are composed of building services engineers, architects, mechanical contractors, building owners, equipment manufacturers' employees, and others concerned with the design and construction of HVAC&R systems in buildings. The society funds research projects, offers continuing education programs, and develops and publishes technical standards to improve building services engineering, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and sustainable development IBS PROTOCOLS

BACnet is a communication protocol for Building Automation and Control (BAC) networks that leverage the ASHRAE, ANSI, and ISO 16484-5 standard protocol.

BACnet was designed to allow communication of building automation and control systems for applications such as heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning control (HVAC), lighting control, access control, and fire detection systems and their associated equipment. The BACnet protocol provides mechanisms for computerized building automation devices to exchange information, regardless of the particular building service they perform. IBS PROTOCOLS

Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) is a trademark for network-based products that control lighting. The underlying technology was established by a consortium of lighting equipment manufacturers as a successor for 1-10 V/0–10 V lighting control systems, and as an open standard alternative to several proprietary protocols. The DALI, DALI-2 and D4i trademarks are owned by the lighting industry alliance, DiiA (Digital Illumination Interface Alliance). IBS PROTOCOLS

EnOcean technology is an energy harvesting wireless technology used primarily in building automation systems, and is also applied to other applications in industry, transportation, logistics and smart homes. Modules based on EnOcean technology combine micro energy converters with ultra low power electronics, and enable wireless communications between battery less wireless sensors, switches, controllers and gateways. IBS PROTOC OLS

KNX is an open standard (see EN 50090, ISO/IEC 14543) for commercial and domestic building automation. KNX devices can manage lighting, blinds and shutters, HVAC, security systems, energy management, audio video, white goods, displays, remote control, etc. KNX evolved from three earlier standards; the European Home Systems Protocol (EHS), and the European Installation Bus (EIB or Instabus). It can use twisted pair (in a tree, line or star topology), powerline, RF, or IP links . On this network, the devices form distributed applications and tight interaction is possible. This is implemented via interworking models with standardised datapoint types and objects, modelling logical device channels. IBS PROTOCOLS

LonWorks (local operating network) is a networking platform specifically created to address the needs of control applications. The platform is built on a protocol created by Echelon Corporation for networking devices over media such as twisted pair, powerlines, fiber optics, and RF. It is used for the automation of various functions within buildings such as lighting and HVAC; see building automation. IBS PROTOCOLS

OpenTherm (OT) is a standard communications protocol used in central heating systems for the communication between a central heating boiler and a thermostatic controller. As a standard, OpenTherm is independent of any single manufacturer. A controller from manufacturer A can in principle be used to control a boiler from manufacturer B. However, OpenTherm controllers and boilers do not in fact always work properly together. The OpenTherm standard comprises a number of optional features and some devices may include manufacturer-specific features. The presence or absence of such features may impair compatibility with other OpenTherm device IBS PROTOCOLS

Open Platform Communications (OPC) is a series of standards and specifications for industrial telecommunication. An industrial automation task force developed the original standard in 1996 under the name OLE for Process Control (Object Linking and Embedding for process control). OPC specifies the communication of real-time plant data between control devices from different manufacturers.

After the initial release in 1996, the OPC Foundation was created to maintain the standard. As OPC has been adopted beyond the field of process control, the OPC Foundation changed the name to Open Platform Communications in 2011.The change in name reflects the applications of OPC technology for applications in building automation, discrete manufacturing, process control and many others. OPC has also grown beyond its original OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) implementation to include other data transportation technologies including Microsoft's .NET Framework, XML, and even the OPC Foundation's binary-encoded TCP format IBS PROTOCOLS

OpenWebNet is a communications protocol developed by Bticino since 2000.

The OpenWebNet protocol allows a "high-level" interaction between a remote unit and Bus SCS of My Home domestic system. The latest protocol evolution has been improved to allow interaction with well- known home automation systems like KNX and DMX512-A system, by using appropriate gateways. The OpenWebNet protocol is disclosed on MyOpen community. IBS PROTOCOLS

The ZigBee wireless technology is basically a openly available global standard to address the uniques needs of low-power, low-cost wireless M2M(machine-to-machine) networks and also Internet-of- Things(IoT). It operates on IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specification and operates even in unlicensed band including 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz and 868 MHz. In 2003, the 802.15.4 specification on which the ZigBee stack operates got an official approval and recognition from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This specification is a packet-based radio protocol that is intended for the low-cost, battery-operated devices. This protocol offers devices to have battery life lasting for years and also allows them to communicate in a variety of network topologies IBS PROTOCOLS

DyNet is the communications network and communications protocol for Dynalite lighting automation and building automation. It is now part of Philips Lighting. The Dynalite system consists of: User Interfaces - Switches, panels, motion and heat sensors, touch screens and recently IOS devices, Panels are typically standard sized (Australian or European standard size) wall switch plates, but instead of normal rocker switches, they have buttons of various designs, usually with an indicator LED inside. Output devices - Dimmers, Relays, LED drivers and DALI, DSI and 0–10 volt controllers. IBS PROTOCOLS

ENERGY STAR certified homes and apartments that use an Energy Ratings Index-based (ERI) compliance path must be certified through an EPA-recognized Verification Oversight Organization (VOO) in accordance with the Standards and ENERGY STAR Residential New Construction national and regional Program Requirements identified below. Refer to the Implementation Timeline exhibit within each program requirements document to determine the Version and, if applicable, the Revision that is required to be used for each home or apartment. ERGY STAR certified homes and apartments that use an Energy Ratings Index-based (ERI) compliance path must be certified through an EPA-recognized Verification Oversight Organization (VOO) in accordance with the Standards and ENERGY STAR Residential New Construction national and regional Program Requirements identified below. Refer to the Implementation Timeline exhibit within each program requirements document to determine the Version and, if applicable, the Revision that is required to be used for each home or apartment. ISSUES RELATED TO INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

IB technologies are expensive …

• Intelligent building technology investments typically pay for themselves. • Return of investment within one or two years • Delivering energy savings and other operational efficiencies. • Some building management programs have generated a positive return on investment within several months. 19 20EEE653 Advanced Industrial Automation and Building Automation Credits: 3:0:0

Date: 04.05.2021

Lecture 10 Block diagram of EMS - Applications of Building Management System

Module 2 : Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems Course Instructor

Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE Associate Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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