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Late Gothic Architecture

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Late Gothic Architecture Late Gothic Architecture Its Evolution, Extinction, and Reception Robert Bork BREPOLS CONTENTS Acknowledgements vn Introduction: The Anti-Gothic Turn Terminology and historiography 1 Reconsidering the fate of late Gothic architecture 13 Chapter 1: Getting the Point—Antiquity to 1300 Architectural innovation from Vitruvius to the dawn of the Gothic Era 2,1 2.8 French Gothic architectural innovation from 1130 to 1300 The international spread of the Gothic mode from 1170 to 1300 38 to Chapter 2: From Gothic to Late Gothic—1300 135° Gothic architecture and the figural arts in Giotto s world 53 and in 59 The emergence of the Decorated Perpendicular Styles England Continental variations on the Gothic tradition 69 ofLate *° Chapter 3: The Evolution Gothic—135° I4°° The Black Death and the tenor of the age 79 81 The German Empire and Central Europe in the Age of the Parlers England and the triumph of the Perpendicular 91 France, Burgundy, and the Netherlands 95 Iberia 101 Northern Italy and the Milan debates 1Q4 Mode and its Gothic Context—1400 to 1450 Chapter 4: The Antique in Florence n5 The emergence ofaU'antica design in the fifteenth 121 The social context of European architecture early century France and Burgundy I2T The Holy Roman Empire and Central Europe *3° Poland and the Baltic *37 England Portugal *4° Spain l*z to Chapter 5: Polarized Modernisms—1450 1500 architectural 151 Contrasting conventions and contexts of practice Italy: Alberti, Francesco di Giorgio, and the architectural treatise 153 France Burgundy and the Low Countries *75 The Germanic World *79 Flungary and the reign of Matthias Corvinus 189 Bohemia *95 Poland England 201 Portugal 20 3 20 ^ Spain Chapter 6: Collision and Hybridity—1500 to 1525 Synthesis and its limits 223 Italy 224 France 229 The Low Countries: The reign of Margaret ofAustria 2,46 The Germanic World: Diirer, Luther, and the Fuggers 138 Flungary 275 Bohemia 27^ Poland 28° England 286 Portugal 292 Spain 297 Chapter 7: Purge, Extinction, and Appropriation The decline and displacement of the Gothic tradition 3 21 Italy 3 22 France 328 The Netherlands 341 The Germanic world and its southeastern neighbors 3 51 Poland 369 Portugal 373 Spain 379 England 392 Epilog: The Legacy of Late Gothic Architecture Survival, revival, and scholarship 411 Bibliography 441 List of Illustrations 465 Index 479 Color Plates 521 List of Illustrations Introduction 1.3—Florence, San Miniato al Monte, interior: Photo by Kucharek o.i—Strasbourg Cathedral, spire: Photo by Robert https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:San_ Bork Miniato_al_Monte_Florence_Italy.jpg 0.2.—Meissen, Albrechtsburg Palace, interior of great 1.4—Jumieges, Notre-Dame, nave interior: Photo by hall: Photo by Robert Bork Laurei9o6 0.3—Salamanca Cathedral, interior: Photo by Robert https: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Abbaye_ Bork de_Jumiegesi.JPG 0.4—Westminster, Henry VII Chapel, exterior: 1.5—Durham Cathedral, nave interior: Photo by Photo by Robert Bork Giomodica 0.5—Florence, San Lorenzo, nave interior: Photo by https: / /commons, wikimedia.org/wiki/ Peter K. Burian File:Durham_-_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Basilica_ 1.6—Paray-le-Monial, monastery church interior: di_San_Lorenzo,_looking_toward_the_altar.jpg Photo byjochen Jahnke o.6—Cologne Cathedral, interior: Photo by Robert https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:F09. Bork Paray-le-M0nial.0157.JPG 0.7—Annaberg, Saint Anne, interior: Photo by 1.7—Saint-Denis Abbey, interior of choir ambula¬ Bork Zairon tory: Photo by Robert https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 1.8—Paris, Notre-Dame, exterior of apse: Photo by File: Annaberg-Buchh0lz_St._Annen_Innen_2.JPG DXR https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Notre_ Dame_de_Paris,_East_View_i40207_i.jpg I>9—Chartres Cathedral, west ft^ade: Photo by Chapter I: From Antiquity to Early Gothic Robert Bork mo—Saint-Denis Abbey, interior of nave: Photo by Paul i-i—Centula, San Riquier Abbey, engraving by Robert Bork Petau, copied after an nth-century drawing 1.11—Koch Snowflake: graphic by Wxs https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Paul_ https://commons, wikimedia.org/wiki/ Petau_-_Saint-Riquier_-_WGA1738z.jpg File:KochFlake.svg Photo i.z—Florence Cathedral Baptistery, exterior: 1.12—Cross-sections ofBourges Cathedral and Saint- Lucarelli by Denis Abbey, with geometrical overlays. Graphic by Andrew Tallon https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/ Robert Bork, survey data by File: Battistero_Firenze.jpg 1.13—Tomb slab of Hughes Libergier, now in Reims 1.27—Apulia, Castel del Monte, main portal: Photo Cathedral: Photo by Robert Bork by Marcok 1.14—Paris, Sainte-Chapelle, interior: Photo by https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Castel_ Robert Bork del_M0nte_giu06_0n.jpg 1.15—Beauvais Cathedral, chevet exterior: Photo by Robert Bork 1.16—Airvault, Saint-Pierre, vault: Photo by Pere Igor Chapter 2: The Early 14th Century https : / /commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Category: Abbaye_de_Saint-Pierre_d%27Airvault#/ 2.1—Reims Cathedral, Annunciation and Visitation media/File: Airvault_eglise_plafond_nef.JPG sculptures ofwest facade: Photo by Jennifer Feltman 1.17—Lincoln Cathedral, nave interior: Photo by 2.2—Cimabue, Santa Trinita Madonna David Iliff https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ https:/ /commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File-.Cimabue_Trinita_Madonna.jpg File:Lincoln_Cathedral_Nave_i,_Lincolnshire,_ 2.3—Giotto, Ognissanti Madonna UK_-_Diliff.jpg https-.//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 1.18—Westminster Abbey, chapter house interior: File:Giotto,_i267_Around-i337_-_ Photo by Aiwok Maest%C3%Ao_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 2-4—Florence, Santa Croce, interior: Photo by File:Westminster_Abbey_Chapter_House_i.JPG Miguel Hermoso Cuesta 1.19—Strasbourg Cathedral, Plan B, as redrawn by https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Basilica_ Gustav Klotz in the 19th century. di_Santa_Croce _01.JPG 1.2.0—Colmar, Dominican church, choir interior: 2.5—Siena Cathedral, west facade: Photo by sailko Photo by Danielyomi https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File :Duomo_di_siena,_facciata_01.JPG File:Colmar_%C3%A9glise_des_Dominicains_ 1.6—Orvieto Cathedral, west facade: Photo by int%C3%A9rieur_ioo9_02.jpg Robert Bork 1.21—Toledo Cathedral, ambulatory interior: Photo 2-7—Hardingstone, Eleanor Cross, with detail of by Miguel Hermoso Cuesta ogee arch: Photo by Poliphilo https ://commons.w ikimedia.org/wiki/ https: / / commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File: G Catedral_de_Toledo_girola_o 2.JP File-.Eleanor_cross,_Hardingstone_i.JPG 1.22—Assisi, church of Saint Francis, interior: Photo 2.8 Westminster, St. Stephens Chapel, interior ele¬ by Dennis Jarvis vation: Graphic by James Hillson https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 2.9—Exeter Cathedral, nave interior: Photo by David Category :Upper_Basilica_in_Assisi_-_Interior#/ IlifF media/File:ooi_Upper_Basilica_in_Assisi.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exeter_ 1.2.3—Florence, Santa Maria Novella, interior: Photo Cathedral_Nave,_Exeter,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg Hermoso Cuesta by Miguel 2..10 Westminster Abbey, cloister tracery: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ at left, from the tracery north range, to the mid¬ File: dating Interi0r_N0vella_04.JPG dle of the 13^ century, drawn by Ernest C. Shearman, 1.2.4—Venice, San Marco, west facade: Photo by from The Builder, 1885; G.Lanting at from the right, tracery east range, dating to the start https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ of the 14th century, drawn by F. Winton Newman, File:PI6392~ PG 2Basilica_di_San_Marco.J from tht Architectural Association Sketchbook, 1904. 1.25—Venice, San Marco, over north ogee tympanum 1.11 Cathedral, Ely Lady Chapel, nodding ogee portal of west facade: Photo by Ullah Gary arches: Photo by Evelyn Simak https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basilica_ http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/216 85 3 5 San_Marco_(97393947i3).jpg 2.12 Ely Cathedral, octagon interior: Photo by 1.26—Arch diagram: Graphic by Robert Bork David Iliff Late Gothic Architecture https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 2.24—Barcelona, Santa Maria del Mar, interior: Catego ry: Lantern_of_Ely_Cathedral_(interior) # / Photo by Robert Bork media/File:Ely_Cathedral_Octagon_Lantern_3,_ 2.25—Freiburg im Breisgau, Minster and spire, exte¬ Cambridgeshire,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg rior: Photo by Pablo de la Riestra Saint 2.13—Bristol, Augustine, south aisle of chancel: 2.26—Liibeck, Saint Mary, exterior: Photo by Roland Photo by Kognos Meinecke https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Bristol_ https:/ / commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Cathedral_vault_of_S_aisle_of_chancel.jpg File:Luebeck-St_Marien_vom_Turm_von_St_ 2.14—Bristol, Saint Augustine, Berkeley Chapel, Petri_aus_gesehen-20100905.jpg vault ofvestibule: Photo by Fbanosyi 2.27—Marienburg, castle of the Teutonic Knights, http:// www.flickriver.com/photos/tags/ Knights' Hall: Photo by Nieszka berkeleychapel/interesting/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inside_ 2.15—Bristol, Saint Mary Redcliffe, hexagonal porch Malbork_Castle.JPG and Photo Charles Cuttler portal: by 2.28—Prenzlau, Saint Mary, east end: Photo by 2.16—Wells Cathedral, presbytery vault: Photo by Michael Sander David Iliff https:/ /commons, wikimedia.org/wiki/ https://commons.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Wells_ Category :Marienkirche_(Prenzlau)#/media/ Cathedral,_Somerset_(22653oo498).jpg File: Marienkirche_Prenzlaui.JP G 2.17—Wells Cathedral, scissor arches of crossing: 2.29—Wroclaw, Saint Mary on the Sand, aisle inte¬ Photo by David Iliff rior: Photo by Robert Bork https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wells_ Cathedral_Arches,_Somerset,_UK_-_DilifF.jpg
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