DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual Violence Has Accompanied War and Conflict for As Long A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual Violence Has Accompanied War and Conflict for As Long A A Dangerous Euphemism: The Dark Side of Peacekeeping Missions A Case Study of the United Nations Missions to the Democratic Republic of Congo By Kelly Behr A thesis presented for the B.A. Degree with Honors in The Department of Political Science University of Michigan Spring 2011 At the heart of this project is a belief, one I share with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), that violence against women “is not inevitable: it is a problem with a solution.” (2008) I dedicate this to the women of the Democratic Republic of Congo. ii Abstract United Nations peacekeepers are supposed to improve the areas to which they are deployed; however, their presence can have negative consequences for the local populations. This has been the case for the peacekeeping operations to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a region that has struggled with violent conflict for the past fifteen years. In addition to the fighting, the country has suffered from widespread sexual violence by combatants and by civilians who are now habituated to violence. Beginning in 2003 peacekeepers serving in the United Nations Organization Mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) have been accused of committing sexual abuse and exploitation against hundreds of Congolese women and girls. Reports of allegations have continued despite a variety of deterrence efforts by the UN and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). My thesis argues that peacekeepers have not improved the situation of sexual violence in the DRC, and I aim to substantiate this claim by evaluating three hypotheses. First, that the United Nations gender reform, officially in place since 2000 when the Security Council adopted Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, has not been implemented to a degree at which it deters sexual violence by peacekeepers, combatants or locals. Second, that peacekeeping operations in the DRC have demonstrated militarized masculinity, a gendered attitude that tolerates and even encourages sexual violence. Third, that there is a pattern of sexual abuse and exploitation within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the missions to the DRC. iii Contents Preface and Acknowledgements List of Acronyms List of Graphics Introduction 1-9 Chapter One: Sexual Violence 10-17 Chapter Two: The History of Sexual Violence in War 18-28 Chapter Three: Sexual Violence in International Policy 29-39 Chapter Four: Peacekeeping 40-49 Chapter Five: The Democratic Republic of Congo 50-65 Chapter Six: The Mixed Implementation of the Gender Reform 66-85 Chapter Seven: Peacekeepers and Militarized Masculinity 86-99 Chapter Eight: A Pattern of Sexual Exploitation 100-112 Conclusion 113-119 Appendices Reference List iv Preface and Acknowledgements Two years ago I was responsible for completing a research project as part of the Michigan In Washington Program of the Political Science Department. Nicholas Kristof had just released his book Half the Sky and after reading it, the topic of sexual violence in war caught my attention. I continued to research and found that sexual violence in war was more pervasive than I expected. At times I considered finding an easier subject, one that was less disturbing and disappointing. I realized that to tell a story about rape “requires going to a dark place”, as written by Roxanne Gay in her article “The Careless Language of Sexual Violence.” (2011) Yet, over time I became accustomed to this dark place and, with the support of my friends and family, found the determination that I needed to extend that project into my honors thesis. Over time the focus of my thesis narrowed from analyzing strategies of wartime rape, to rape in the ongoing conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to the influence of peacekeepers on the situation of sexual violence in the DRC. I assumed, or rather I hoped, that peacekeepers would have a positive influence on the situation. I discovered not only that UN personnel had participated in sexual violence, but also that the cases in the DRC were part of a larger pattern of abuse by UN personnel. There were many people that aided me on my journey to complete my thesis. Senior Gender Affairs Officer, Elsie Effange-Mbella, graciously provided me with information without which I could not have as accurately analyzed the implementation of the gender reform in the DRC. I would specifically like to thank Professor Andrei Markovits for his patience and direction. His confidence and excitement about my project inspired me throughout this past year. I would like to thank my advisor, Sarai Aharoni, who took a chance on a student she had never met and then became the most influential person on the design, approach and perspective that I took with this thesis. I would also like to thank Mark Chesler, my third reader, who has long supported my passion in gender and social identity studies. I would like to thank my friends who served as soundboards, supporters and editors, particularly Marianna Golovan and David Wells. I would also like to thank my sister, Danielle Behr, who reminded me that this thesis meant something more than just a grade or an extra cord at graduation. v List of Acronyms AI Amnesty International CDT Conduct Disciplinary Teams CEDAW Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women DAW United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women DDR Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration DPKO United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo FARDC Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo FDLR Democratic Liberation Forces of Rwanda HRC Human Rights Committee HRW Human Rights Watch ICC International Criminal Court IDP Internally Displaced Persons ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia MINUSTAH United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti MONUC United Nations Organization Mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non-governmental Organization OGA Office of Gender Affairs OIOS Office of Oversight Services OSAGI Office of the Special Advisor on Gender Issues PCC Police-contributing-country PKO Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations RI Refugees International SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SGSR Secretary-General Special Representative SVU Sexual Violence Unit TCC Troop-Contributing-Country UN United Nations UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission to Rwanda UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNFPA United Nations Food Program Assistance UNTAC United Nations Mission in Cambodia WFT World Food Program vi List of Figures Tables Allegations of SEA against MONUC Personnel 2004-2009 p. 74 Allegations of SEA against MONUC Personnel and the Presence of Women Military Personnel 2005-2009 p. 79 The Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming by the MONUC/MONUSCO p. 83 MONUC/MONUSCO Military Personnel Percentages p. 93 Allegations of SEA by MONUC, the DPKO and the UN from 2004-2009 p. 109 Figures UN Democratic Republic of Congo Map p. 51 Total MONUC Personnel 2004-2010 p. 62 Percentage of Women Personnel in all DPKO Operations 2005-2010 p. 69 Coordination Mechanisms for Combating Sexual Violence p. 77 Percentage of Women Military Personnel in MONUC/MONUSCO 2006-2011 p. 85 MONUC/MONUSCO Personnel Allocations 2004-2011 p. 93 vii Introduction Since the establishment of the United Nations (UN) in 1945, the practice of peacekeeping has become an increasingly important tool for international interventions. Peacekeepers are deployed into war zones, political uprisings, humanitarian crises and natural disasters. We expect peacekeepers to be “model citizens” that improve the regions to which they are deployed (Division on the Advancement of Women [DAW], 1995). The UN also expects that peacekeepers act in accordance with all UN policies, codes of conduct and mandates. Prince Zeid of Jordan, the author of a famous report about peacekeepers and sexual violence, wrote that the UN “should not in any way increase the suffering of vulnerable sectors of the population, which have often been devastated by war or civil conflict.” (2005) Despite these expectations it is evident that in many situations, peacekeepers can have negative and unintended consequences on host nations, those nations that accept the assistance of a UN peacekeeping operation. One such consequence is sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), which commonly presents itself as prostitution (Bellamy & Williams, 2010). Peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have reportedly been involved with SEA since 2003. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to show how peacekeepers have not improved the situation of sexual violence in the DRC.1 Sexual violence has a long history in war and the phenomenon continues today. The twentieth century alone provides dozens of examples of how combatants can use sexual violence, specifically rape, as a weapon of war. Some of the more infamous instances of this occurred in World War II, the civil wars in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and now the ongoing conflict in the DRC. In WWII during the occupations of Berlin by the Russians and Nanking by the Japanese, soldiers committed massive amounts of rape to punish and take revenge on their 1 I use the phrase “situation of sexual violence” to describe the holistic environment relating to sexual violence in the DRC. This includes the identities of victims, perpetrators, the prevalence, forms of sexual violence, the attitude towards and deterrence of sexual violence. 1 enemy. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbs used rape as a tool to ethnically cleanse the Muslim population. In the 1994 Rwandan genocide, Hutu combatants raped hundreds of thousands of Tutsi women and those that were not killed were often left with sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS or unwanted pregnancies. These instances of sexual violence in war have been made progressively more public due to globalization and the spread of technology.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The UN Works for International Peace and Security
    Did You Know? 7 Since 1945, the UN has assisted in negotiating more than 170 peace settlements that have ended regional conflicts. 7 The United Nations played a role in bringing about independence in more than 80 countries that are now sovereign nations. 7 Over 500 multinational treaties – on human rights, terrorism, international crime, refugees, disarmament, commodities and the oceans – have been enacted through the efforts of the United Nations. 7 The World Food Programme, the world’s largest humanitarian agency, reaches on average 90 million hungry people in 80 countries every year. 7 An estimated 90 per cent of global conflict-related deaths since 1990 have been civilians, and 80 percent of these have been women and children. 7 If each poor person on the planet had the same energy-rich lifestyle as an average person in Germany or the United Kingdom, four planets would be needed to safely cope with the pollution. That figure rises to nine planets when compared with the average of the United States or Canada. 07-26304—DPI/1888/Rev.3—August 2008—15M Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the United Nations FOR STUDENTS AT INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY LEVELS United Nations Department of Public Information New York, 2010 An introduction to the United Nations i Material contained in this book is not subject to copyright. It may be freely reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the UNITED NATIONS. For further information please contact: Visitors Services, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, NY 10017 Fax 212-963-0071; E-mail: [email protected] All photos by UN Photo, unless otherwise noted Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information Printed by the United Nations Publishing Section, New York Table of contents 1 Introduction to the United Nations .
    [Show full text]
  • The Refugee Protec- Tion Act of 2010
    S. HRG. 111–599 REVIEWING AMERICA’S COMMITMENT TO THE REFUGEE CONVENTION: THE REFUGEE PROTEC- TION ACT OF 2010 HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MAY 19, 2010 Serial No. J–111–93 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 58–223 PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:23 Sep 28, 2010 Jkt 058223 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\HEARINGS\58223.TXT SJUD1 PsN: CMORC COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Chairman HERB KOHL, Wisconsin JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York JON KYL, Arizona RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JOHN CORNYN, Texas SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island TOM COBURN, Oklahoma AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota EDWARD E. KAUFMAN, Delaware ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania AL FRANKEN, Minnesota BRUCE A. COHEN, Chief Counsel and Staff Director MATT MINER, Republican Chief Counsel (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:23 Sep 28, 2010 Jkt 058223 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\HEARINGS\58223.TXT SJUD1 PsN: CMORC C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Page Feingold, Hon. Russell D., A U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • International Study Guide Series
    International Study Guide Series Denmark Montana 4-H Center for Youth Development, Montana State University Extension 1 MONTANA 4‐H INTERNATIONAL STUDY SERIES The 4‐H program has had an active role in Montana youth and volunteer development for almost 100 years. It is most well‐known for its local emphasis, but 4‐H does exist in a broader context ‐ from a local to an international level. The ultimate objective of 4‐H international and cross‐cultural programming is "peace through understanding." Extension Service efforts help young people achieve this overall goal by encouraging them to: realize the significance of global interdependency; develop positive cross‐cultural attitudes and skills that enhance understanding and acceptance of people from other ethnic, social, or economic backgrounds; appreciate for the similarities and differences among all people; assume global citizenship responsibilities; develop an understanding of the values and attitudes of Americans. Since the introduction of international 4‐H opportunities in 1948, the Montana 4‐H program has been committed to the goal of global awareness and increasing cross‐cultural understanding. Cultures are becoming more dependent upon one another for goods, services, food, and fiber. Montana's role in the international trade arena is ever‐growing. The acquisition of increased knowledge of the markets and the people who influence those markets is crucial to the residents of our state. The 4‐H international programs are coordinated by States’ 4‐H International Exchange Programs (S4‐H) for participating state 4‐H Youth Development programs. Funding for the exchange programs is provided on the state level by the Montana 4‐H Foundation through private donations and contributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthur Sweetser Papers [Finding Aid]. Library Of
    Arthur Sweetser Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2013 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms013059 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm78042085 Prepared by Manuscript Division Staff Collection Summary Title: Arthur Sweetser Papers Span Dates: 1913-1961 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1919-1947) ID No.: MSS42085 Creator: Sweetser, Arthur, 1888-1968 Extent: 22,350 items ; 95 containers plus 4 oversize ; 36.6 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Public official and journalist. Correspondence, diaries, memoranda, press releases, newspaper clippings, speeches, articles, scrapbooks, and other papers relating to Sweetser's career in journalism and diplomacy. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Acheson, Dean, 1893-1971--Correspondence. Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965--Correspondence. Comert, Pierre--Correspondence. Croly, Herbert David, 1869-1930--Correspondence. Davis, Elmer Holmes, 1890-1958--Correspondence. Davis, Malcolm W. (Malcolm Waters), 1899- --Correspondence. Drummond, Eric, Sir, 1876- --Correspondence. Fosdick, Raymond B. (Raymond Blaine), 1883-1972--Correspondence. Gerig, Benjamin, 1894-1976--Correspondence. Gilchrist, Huntington, 1891-1975--Correspondence. Grew, Joseph C. (Joseph Clark), 1880-1965--Correspondence. Hambro, Carl Joachim, 1885-1964--Correspondence. House, Edward Mandell, 1858-1938--Correspondence. Hudson, Manley O.
    [Show full text]
  • UN.Today.Pdf
    DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFORMATION The United Nations Today asdf United Nations New York, 2008 Note: Every effort is made to keep basic information current up to the date of publication, including responsible officials, contact information, treaty ratifications, etc. All other data is current as of July 2007, unless stated otherwise. Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information Printed by the Publishing Section/DGACM United Nations Headquarters New York, NY 10017 www.un.org ISBN 978-92-1-101160-9 United Nations Publication Sales No. E.08.I.6 Copyright © 2008 United Nations iii Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bridge to Firmer Ground: Learning from International Experiences to Support Pathways to Solutions in the Syrian Refugee Context
    A BRIDGE TO FIRMER GROUND: LEARNING FROM INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES TO SUPPORT PATHWAYS TO SOLUTIONS IN THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CONTEXT FULL RESEARCH REPORT MARCH 2021 The Durable Solutions Platform (DSP) aims to generate knowledge that informs and inspires forwardthinking policy and practice on the long-term future of displaced Syrians. Since its establishment in 2016, the DSP has developed research projects and supported advocacy efforts on key questions regarding durable solutions for Syrians. In addition, DSP has strengthened the capacity of civil society organizations on solutions to displacement. For more, visit https://www.dsp-syria.org/ The nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute seeks to improve immigration and integration policies through authoritative research and analysis, opportunities for learning and dialogue, and the development of new ideas to address complex policy questions. The Institute is guided by the belief that countries need to have sensible, well thought- out immigration and integration policies in order to ensure the best outcomes for both immigrants and receiving communities. For more, visit https://www.migrationpolicy.org/ This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP II) for Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq, which is supported by the Czech Republic, Denmark, the European Union, Ireland and Switzerland. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Durable Solutions Platform and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the RDPP or its donors. A BRIDGE TO FIRMER GROUND Acknowledgements This report was authored by Camille Le Coz, Samuel Davidoff-Gore, Timo Schmidt, Susan Fratzke, Andrea Tanco, Belen Zanzuchi, and Jessica Bolter.
    [Show full text]
  • About the United Nations Basic Facts About the United Nations
    Basic Facts about the United Nations Basic Facts about the United Nations Basic Facts about the United Nations United Nations Department of Public Information New York Basic Facts about the United Nations Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information New York, New York 10017, United States of America Revised edition Copyright © 2011 United Nations All rights reserved All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications, 300 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, United States of America; e-mail: [email protected]; website: un.org/publications. ISBN: 978-92-1-101235-4 eISBN: 978-92-1-054807-6 United Nations publication Sales no. E.11.I.2 Front cover: Dust rises as a helicopter of the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) takes off, carry- ing voting materials to Tali Payam for Southern Sudan’s referendum on self-determination (2 January 2011, UN Photo/Tim McKulka). Cover design: Graphic Design Unit, United Nations, New York Printed at the United Nations, New York FOREWORD he United Nations was founded on the conviction that the nations of the world can and should cooperate to resolve conflicts peacefully and change people’s lives for the better. More than 65 years later, and with a record of genuine accomplishments, we remain fully committed to these principles. Much has changed since the United Nations was founded. The Organization’s membership has nearly quadrupled, while decolonization, population growth and globalization have each contributed to the redrawing of our modern landscape. As our world has evolved, so have the challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • 91 STAT. 1764 PROCLAMATION 4525—SEPT. 26, 1977 • United
    91 STAT. 1764 PROCLAMATION 4525—SEPT. 26, 1977 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and second. -••' . JIMMY CARTER Proclamation 4525 • September 26, 1977 • United Nations Day, 1977 ,r By the President of the United States of America ,. , A Proclamation Each year on October 24, Americans join with the people of other countries in celebrating the anniversary of the United Nations—an institution created to maintain international peace and security, to promote the self-determination of peoples, to en­ courage respect for human rights, and to foster economic and social welfare. Americans have been instrumental in creating the United Nations, in advancing cooperation through its forums, and in providing, over the years, the largest share of its financial support. Since its establishment at San Francisco in 1945, the United Nations has under­ gone profound change. Its membership has nearly trebled from the original 51 mem­ bers, as most of the former colonial areas of Asia and Africa received their inde­ pendence. New problems brought on by developments in science and technology and by global interdependence have tested the ability of governments to cooperate har­ moniously. Problems like the arms race, the spread of nuclear weapons, the inter­ national economic order, the disposition of the world's oceanic resources, energy, and environmental pollution transcend national boundaries, making the United Nations and its specialized and technical agencies of continuing importance to the international community.
    [Show full text]
  • Updating the United Nations to Confront 21St Century Threats
    Updating the United Nations to Confront 21st Century Threats: The Challenge to the High-Level Panel 39th Conference on the United Nations of the Next Decade Sponsored by The Stanley Foundation June 11-16, 2004 Black Point Inn Prouts Neck, Maine Executive Summary As is often noted, the United Nations was designed in 1945 for a world that is dramatically different from our own. While there have been useful and important organizational innovations over the past six decades, the United Nations’ member states have by and large preserved it without significant change. The conceptual task of the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change will be to weave together diverse threat perceptions into a common understanding. The threat most clearly identified as inimical to international peace and security is armed conflict, and the threat of armed conflict has dominated Security Council deliberations over the years. But can a collective security system intended to serve the widest interests of the community of nations remain so focused on halting wars? What about the structural factors—such as grinding poverty and the weakness of governance—that impede the development of countries and their citizens and sometimes contribute to conflict? What about the devastating new technologies of war and terrorism, whose threat transcends specific conflicts? In terms of institutional structure, can the world community tackle its agenda of threats and challenges with the main political and policy action still concentrated in one council? For that matter, can the Security Council preserve its legitimacy without adjusting its membership? As the panel answers these questions, it will outline an agenda that takes in a fuller sweep of contemporary problems and takes stock of the concerns of the entire world community.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2017
    ANNUAL REPORT Covering activities during 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The 2017 Annual Report has been developed by the Advocacy Section and the Strategic Planning and Interagency Affairs Unit situated with- in the Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs. It was prepared under the supervision of Jean-Luc Lemahieu, Director of the Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs, and the guidance of Gillian Murray, Deputy Director of the Division for Policy Analysis and Pub- lic Affairs and Chief of the Public Affairs and Policy Support Branch. The authors wish to thank colleagues from the Division for Opera- tions and its Field Offices, the Division for Treaty Affairs, the Division for Management and the Division for Policy Analysis and Public Af- fairs for their invaluable inputs and comments. The preparation of this Annual Report benefitted from the financial contribution of the Government of Sweden. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna UNODC ANNUAL REPORT Covering activities during 2017 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. Suggested citation: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNODC. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to UNODC, Advocacy Section.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Supporting a World in Transformation
    ANNUAL REPORT 2013 SupportING A WORLD IN TRANSFORMatION I FOREWORD III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IV 2013 HIGHLIGHTS 01 CHAPTER I Multi-stakeholder engagement in the work of the United Nations 12 SPECIAL FOCUS “Intellectual Geneva”: UNOG as a ANNUAL REPORT platform for innovation and knowledge 15 CHAPTER II SUPPORTING A WORLD Outreach and engagement: the work of the United Nations IN TRANSFORMATION 19 SPECIAL FOCUS Engaging youth in the work 2013 of the United Nations 23 CHAPTER III UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA Essential services supporting the work of the United Nations in Geneva and around the world 29 SPECIAL FOCUS Towards a greener, more sustainable UNOG 35 SPECIAL FOCUS Accessibility in progress 37 CHAPTER IV A platform for shaping global solutions 42 SPECIAL FOCUS The meaning of international civil service 44 SPECIAL FOCUS The UNOG Library: a hub for the sharing of intellectual and cultural knowledge 49 IN FOCUS Cultural activities at UNOG: a window to the world 56 ANNEX I Organization Chart United Nations Office at Geneva 57 ANNEX II Useful Contacts 58 United Nations system in Geneva and main partners ANNUAL REPORT 2013 ForeworD SupportING A WORLD IN TRANSFORMatION SupportING I FOREWORD III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A WORLD IN IV 2013 HIGHLIGHTS TRANSFORMatION 01 CHAPTER I (UN Photo/Violaine Martin) Multi-stakeholder engagement in the work of the United Nations 12 SPECIAL FOCUS “Intellectual Geneva”: UNOG as a Our world is in transformation. The year 2013 was and enhancing the work of the United Nations in Geneva platform for innovation and knowledge certainly representative of this fact. Economic, political, through partnerships, will endure far into the future demographic and environmental challenges continue to and I pay tribute to his important contribution.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to International Refugee Protection and Building State Asylum Systems
    A guide to international refugee protection and building state asylum systems Handbook for Parliamentarians N° 27, 2017 Acknowledgements This publication is jointly published by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Authors: Frances Nicholson and Judith Kumin. Joint inter-agency editorial committee: Cornelis Wouters, Ariel Riva, Alice Edwards, Madeline Garlick (UNHCR Division of International Protection); members of the IPU Committee to Promote Respect for International Humanitarian Law, in particular Senator Gabriela Cuevas Barron (Mexico), Senator Philippe Mahoux (Belgium) and Kareen Jabre, Secretary of the Committee. Other commentators and contributors: Sanne Andersen, Caroline Dulin Brass, Subin Cho, Carole Simone Dahan, Alice Farmer, Sibylle Kapferer, Jackie Keegan, Nese Kilincoglu, Alexandra Pamela McDowall, Michele Simone, Peter Swiniarski, Beatrice Ureche, numerous other staff in UNHCR headquarters in Geneva and national offices around the world. The IPU expresses its gratitude to the Federated States of Micronesia for its financial contribution towards the production of this Handbook. All parts of this publication may be reproduced for personal and non-commercial use on condition that copyright and source indications are also copied and no modifications are made. Please inform the Inter-Parliamentary Union on the usage of the publication content. © Inter-Parliamentary Union and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2017 Cover photo: © UNHCR/Benjamin Loyseau Design and
    [Show full text]