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Cultural values & water management issues for the Hekeao/Hinds Catchment Report No. R14/84 ISBN 978-1-927314-53-1 (print) 978-1-927314-54-8 (web) 978-1-927314-55-5 (cd) Report prepared for Environment Canterbury by Tipa & Associates July 2013 Report No. R14/84 ISBN 978-1-927314-53-1 (print) 978-1-927314-54-8 (web) 978-1-927314-55-5 (cd) PO Box 345 Christchurch 8140 Phone (03) 365 3828 Fax (03) 365 3194 75 Church Street PO Box 550 Timaru 7940 Phone (03) 687 7800 Fax (03) 687 7808 Website: www.ecan.govt.nz Customer Services Phone 0800 324 636 This report represents advice to Environment Canterbury and any views, conclusions or recommendations do not represent Council policy. The information in this report, together with any other information, may be used by the Council to formulate resource management policies, e.g., in the preparation or review of regional plans. C CULTURAL VALUES & WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES FOR THE HEKEAO / HINDS CATCHMENT Prepared by Tipa & Associates July 2013 2 3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 5 1.2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT ..................................................................................................... 6 1.3 TERMINOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 – THE SETTING ................................................................................................................ 7 2.0 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 TE RUNANGA O NGAI TAHU ACT 1996 ...................................................................................... 7 2.2 TE RUNANGA O AROWHENUA ................................................................................................... 7 2.4 THE HINDS CATCHMENT ........................................................................................................... 8 2.4 THE RANGITATA CATCHMENT ................................................................................................. 10 2.5 IRRIGATION ........................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 3 – METHODS TO INCORPORATE CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES .................................. 13 3.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESS ................................................................................................ 13 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE SIX STEP PARTICIPATORY PROCESS IN THE HINDS ....................................... 14 3.3 THE COMPONENTS OF THE CHI ................................................................................................ 15 3.4 THE TEAM ............................................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 4 – CULTURAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE RANGITATA AND THE HINDS ................ 19 4.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 19 4.2 WAHI TAPU / TAONGA ........................................................................................................... 19 4.3. SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERGENERATIONAL LINKS ........................................................... 20 4.4 WAI MAORI ........................................................................................................................... 21 4.5 PLACENAMES ......................................................................................................................... 22 4.5 MAHINGA KAI ........................................................................................................................ 26 4.7 RESERVES AND EASEMENTS .................................................................................................... 28 4.8 TAONGA SPECIES .................................................................................................................... 28 4.9 TRAILS .................................................................................................................................. 29 4.10 CONTEMPORARY ASSOCIATIONS .............................................................................................. 29 4.10 GOING FORWARD .................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 5 – PERCEIVED WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES ................................................................ 43 5.1 SUMMARY OF ISSUES ............................................................................................................... 43 5.2 PRESSURES ON THE SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 44 5.3 GENERAL CONCERNS ............................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 6: THE ASSESSMENTS OF 2013 ...................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 83 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 87 4 5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Humans require access to reliable and predictable supplies of water in order to flourish. It is the only substance that all living things must have or die. Historically Ngai Tahu lived on the shores of lakes, wetlands, streams and lagoons across Canterbury. They developed use patterns moving across designated whanau and hapu managed territories. Today the landscapes and patterns of settlements across Canterbury bear little resemblance to the places known and valued by those who ranged over them hundreds of years ago. Yet, the modifications have not severed the relationship of Ngai Tahu with the lands and waters of Canterbury. The Crown recognised this relationship as early as 1848 in the original Sale Deeds (and further evidenced by the later Crown Grants of lands) and more recently in the Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998. Many schedules to that Act contain Statutory Acknowledgements of Canterbury rivers including the Rangitata and the Hekeao (Hinds). As Manawhenua, through whakapapa, Ngai Tahu have an enduring relationship that is accompanied by a responsibility to assess how the use and development of freshwaters impact their cultural beliefs, values, practices and most significantly their customary and Treaty rights to lands and waters in Canterbury. This report serves dual purposes. While the primary purpose is to discuss the nature of the values of Manawhenua with respect to freshwater, as part of a broader discussion of beliefs, rights and responsibilities, it is also intended to aid Environment Canterbury decide the future use and protection of the catchment. It also highlights some of the concerns of Ngai Tahu whanau who have, for generations, voiced their concerns at the continual development of the waterways, which (today) are degraded as a result of what Ngai Tahu perceive as inappropriate use and development. 1.1 Project objectives and methodology The overall objective of this project is to determine the water management requirements of the Rangitata and Hinds Catchments. More specifically, this investigation will: Identify the current and potential water dependent cultural values of the catchment; Gauge the perceived health of current interests; Identify the characteristics that whanau believe will maintain, rehabilitate or restore their values; Recommend management priorities to produce a catchment that meets the Kaitiakitanga standards in the Canterbury Water Management Strategy; and Analyse the degree to which the recommended management regime is consistent with current management regimes 6 To realise this objective we have: 1) Introduced some publicly available cultural information pertaining to cultural interests associated with the Hinds and the Rangitata; 2) Identified the extent and/or location of their interests; 3) Identified water related issues associated with these interests that are of concern to Manawhenua that need to be addressed by Environment Canterbury. The principal sources of historical information were obtained from written records held by Ngai Tahu. These data are complemented by the field assessments undertaken by whanau in April 2013. 1.2 Structure of this Report This report has been divided into a number of chapters: Chapter 1 sets out the scope, objectives and terminology used. Chapter 2 introduces the Rangitata, Hinds and Te Runanga o Arowhenua. Chapter 3 outlines the method used Chapter 4 discusses the cultural values of the Hinds catchment Chapter 5 presents the results of the cultural assessment Chapter 6 concludes with a series of recommendations. 1.3 Terminology This report is principally concerned with the values of Manawhenua. While Manawhenua is discussed more fully in Chapter 2 definitions for a number of key phrases are given below. Mana whenua is the term used to describe the right to use resources in an area. Accompanying this is the right and responsibility to make management decisions. Manawhenua is the term used to describe the people who hold