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Texto Completo (Pdf) APEA. Asociación Profesional Extremeña de Antropología o a monitorare esperienze formative di questo tipo, è di moltiplicare le osservazioni su questi aspetti della questione patrimoniale. Negli ultimi anni, infatti, molti programmi di finanziamento europei hanno molto accentuato nella stessa architettura dei bandi gli elementi di divulgazione, formazione e disseminazione delle conoscenze inerenti il patrimonio immateriale presso le giovani generazioni sia come elemento di rafforzamento della consapevolezza delle proprie radici locali, ma anche – e questo ci pare l’aspetto più stimolante – di dialogo tra località diverse e rafforzamento della coesione tra le diverse regioni dell’Unione. In ciò appare evidente come le competenze etnoantropologiche siano chiamate oggi più che mai a svolgere una funzione di analisi e monitoraggio critico di questi processi che le posiziona al cuore del sistema dei saperi connessi al patrimonio culturale e di cui siamo convinti si debba rivendicare con forza la specificità, ma anche la centralità metodologica e teorica. Gerald Brenan (2008): Al Sur de Granada. Fábula Tusquets nº 79. Tusquets Editores, S.A. Barcelona. Por: Carlos María Neila Muñoz. Antropólogo (Presidente de APEA). Una serie de correcaminos ingleses llegaron a las costas de nuestro país en los últimos siglos. Uno de ellos fue el futuro hispanista Gerald Brenan (Sliema, Malta, 07 abril 1894- Churriana, Málaga, 19 enero 1987). El 13 de enero de 1920 se instaló con veinticinco años en el pueblo de Yegen, perteneciente al municipio granadino de Alpujarra de la Sierra, situada en la parte oriental de la Alpujarra Granadina, en Andalucía a pocos kilómetros del límite provincial con Almería. Allí le conocieron como don Geraldo. Esa misma primavera recibió en su casa la visita de sus amigos del Círculo o Grupo de Bloomsbury, como se conocían a una serie de ETNICEX, 2010, Núm. 1, 189-202 199 ISSN 2172-7635 APEA. Asociación Profesional Extremeña de Antropología intelectuales británicos que durante el primer tercio del siglo XX destacaron en el terreno literario, artístico o social: Ralph Partridge, Dora Carrington y Lytton Strachey. En 1923 le visitaron Leonard y Virginia Woolf. Volvió a Yegen en abril de 1929; en octubre de ese año hizo un viaje a Sevilla, donde permaneció una temporada, y en mayo de 1930 volvió a Inglaterra. En octubre de 1934 está otra vez en Yegen y un año después se instala en una nueva casa, en la localidad de Churriana. Fue testigo perplejo y reflexivo de la Guerra Civil Española. Yegen se dio a la fama tras haber sido inmortalizada en las páginas de su libro 'Al sur de Granada' South from Granada: Seven Years in an Andalusian Village. El escritor inglés explicó así su atracción por el lugar donde a principios de los años 20 del siglo XX decidió fijar su residencia, en una comunidad donde, teniendo como telón de fondo político la dictadura del general Primo de Rivera, interaccionaban toda una serie de individuos característicos de la España decimonónica rural. Gerald Brenan escribió el libro fruto de las anotaciones procedentes de cuanto oía, veía, vivía y convivía. Todo un reto para “el otro” que, con su tradición anglosajona y que, gracias al trabajo de campo, dio a conocer las fiestas, las costumbres, las tradiciones de la vida lugareña tamizada a través del filtro de una encorsetada educación anglosajona y fruto de esta especulación teórica, es la visión peculiar de las vidas de las mujeres y de los hombres a través de sus creencias y sus rituales, en la medida que ordenan un universo cotidiano. Es conveniente leer el desembarco de un extranjero en una comunidad extraña y ajena y ponerse en su lugar –con la distancia por juez y parte- y ver las analogías y las diferencias con las que un etnógrafo del siglo XXI se inicia en un espacio humano para llevar a cabo el trabajo de campo, propio de la metodología antropológica. El libro, negro sobre blanco, es un canto a la España ancestral, exótica y eterna, alejada de la modernidad, que describe ritos rebuscados de raíces paganas y supersticiones varias con hechiceras por medio. Es conveniente leer la “etnografía de la mesa camilla” y recordará el lector la vida de los hogares españoles hasta hace unas décadas, y más en el medio rural o en poblaciones provincianas, donde la vida familiar se relentiza en los meses de invierno y se concentra alrededor de un foco de calor, a la espera del resurgir de la primavera, donde la vida regresaba con sus plantas y con sus animales perfecta y detalladamente descritas por el autor en el biotipo de referencia. ETNICEX, 2010, Núm. 1, 189-202 200 ISSN 2172-7635 APEA. Asociación Profesional Extremeña de Antropología Las creencias profanas que rozaban con la hechicería y la ignorancia popular arraigada en el inconsciente colectivo, iban de la mano del analfabetismo letrado, de hombres y de mujeres que planificaban sus vidas de acuerdo con un calendario establecido por los trabajos estacionales de la tierra y por los ritos y fiestas correspondientes. Toda una descripción de los ritos de paso del ciclo de la vida en la pequeña localidad andaluza a través de los ojos, de la educación y de la formación de un inglés. En este caso a la realidad del pueblecito y de sus gentes dan dos ventanales. Desde uno de ellos la realidad “es” lo que presenciaba, lo que escuchaba y lo que entendía, lo que asimilaba. Desde el otro “es”, la que el tamizaba con su personalidad. Sentados frente a uno de los dos, el lector del siglo XXI puede utilizar distintos anteojos para verla, medirla, pesarla y valorarla. Cada uno aportará un conocimiento moral y material de la vida en la década de los años veinte en el medio rural andaluz. Y a su vez ese conocimiento se modificará y causará uno u otro efecto según se trate y según el grado de profundidad a que el antropólogo sea capaz de llegar y, en último caso, extrapolar a una comunidad objeto de un estudio contemporáneo más o menos sistemático o minucioso. La experiencia artística del pueblo andaluz a través de su música, de su cante y de sus sentimientos hace que el hispanista se introduzca cada vez más en la vida de los/as yugeros/as y, es esa expresión artística la que le acompañó en las localidades donde de forma intermitente vivió hasta 1934. Hay que advertir que la obra es una amalgama de disciplinas que se superponen en el edifico reticular de la vida misma. El campo semántico de la obra hace que, en su variedad, sea una obra que se puede leer e interiorizar como una novela fruto de la narrativa inglesa, pero con las implicaciones propias de la idiosincrasia de la piel de toro hispana. Ya devuelta al Reino Unido, en mayo de 1984 se hacen patentes sus estrecheces económicas y es enviado a una residencia de ancianos en Londres. Sus admiradores españoles realizan una campaña para que se le traiga de vuelta. Los gobiernos nacional y andaluz consiguen su vuelta a Alhaurín el Grande el 1 de junio de 1984 y se crea la Fundación Gerald Brenan. El 19 de enero de 1987 muere a la edad de 93 años, lega su cuerpo a la ciencia y es depositado en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Málaga. El 20 de enero de 2001 su cuerpo es incinerado y sepultado en el Cementerio Anglicano de Málaga junto a su esposa Gamel. ETNICEX, 2010, Núm. 1, 189-202 201 ISSN 2172-7635 APEA. Asociación Profesional Extremeña de Antropología La adaptación cinematográfica de la obra da como resultado una película española de 2003, Al sur de Granada, del género comedia, dirigida por Fernando Colomo, protagonizada por Matthew Goode, Verónica Sánchez, Guillermo Toledo, Antonio Resines y Ángela Molina en los papeles principales. Fue Ganadora del Premio Goya a la mejor música original (2003). ETNICEX, 2010, Núm. 1, 189-202 202 ISSN 2172-7635 .
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