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A Quaker Inheritance: an Analysis of Family Values, Religion and the Childhood and Youth of George Newman (1870-1948) Heather Smith

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A Quaker Inheritance: an Analysis of Family Values, Religion and the Childhood and Youth of George Newman (1870-1948) Heather Smith Quaker Studies Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 4 2000 A Quaker Inheritance: An Analysis of Family Values, Religion and the Childhood and Youth of George Newman (1870-1948) Heather Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerstudies Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Heather (2000) "A Quaker Inheritance: An Analysis of Family Values, Religion and the Childhood and Youth of George Newman (1870-1948)," Quaker Studies: Vol. 5: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerstudies/vol5/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quaker Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. QUAKER STUDIES 511 (2000) [49-67] A QUAKER INHERITANCE: AN ANALYSIS OF FAMILY VALUES, RELIGION AND THE CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH OF GEORGE NEWMAN (1870-1948)* Heather Smith Victoria, Australia ABSTRACT This paper looks at the early life of George Newman, who became an influential figure in the public health movement in England and Wales. It establishes his acceptance and integration within the Quaker community, the adoption of Quaker ideals of mission and service and explores the thinking behind a career choice in public health. Newman was a product of the times in which he lived and it was these unique influences (especially those of individuals) that shaped his understanding and development of services for the education and welfare of school children and the advancement of public health and preventive medicine. Throughout his life Newman remained committed to Quakerism despite his public career in an increas­ ingly secular state. KEYWORDS Newman, family, religion; Quakerism, public health, education * This paper has been written from research undertaken for my PhD thesis. I would like to thank the following people for their help and support. From Monash University, Professor R.J.W. Selleck, Dr A.D. Spaull and Dr D.N. Aspin. From the Library of the Religious Society of Friends, London, Peter Daniels and Rosamund Cummings. I would like to acknowledge the many Friends who have given me their time, patience and trust, specifically Clifford Smith, Priscilla Eccles, Roger Balkwill, Raymond Bray, Tessa Cadbury and Mary Hoxie Jones. Finally many thanks to Monash University, Faculty of Education Research Committee for their financial support of this project. QUAKER STUDIES SMITH A QUAKER INHERITANCE --------- George Arthur Newman was born on 23 October 1870, at Leomin­ Introduction ster in the county of Herefordshire, England. Newman was the fourth child and second son of Henry Stanley Newman (1837-1912) and Mary figure, in the British George Newman was a major, yet understudied Anna Newman (nee Pumphrey, 1835-1908). 1 responsible for the drafting of the public health movement. He was Henry Stanley (Newman's father) was born at Gloucester Place, West and later med1cal treat­ 1907 Act that provided for medical inspection Derby, Liverpool and worked in the family grocery business in Leomin­ open-air schools for the delicate ment of school children; he established ster. He had varied interests which included adult education, temperance education. He was influential in and introduced new ideas in physical work, home and foreign missions, the anti-slavery issue, orphans and of Hygiene and Tropical Medi­ the establishment of the London School fatherless children, Quaker literature and Quaker ministry. He was an health related topics, including 26 cine and wrote inexhaustibly on enthusiastic reader and writer of Quaker literature, producing many and 15 to the minister of health. His reports to the minister of education articles and pamphlets including: Foreign Missions Reviewed (1865); development of a p b­ Quaker views influenced his thinking behind the � Christian Solidarity (1887); The More Effective Presentation of Spiritual Truth evolvement of the school med1cal lic health system. In particular, the (1895). He founded the Leominster Orphan Homes (1869), was one of and research were closely service and the growth of medical education the founders of the Leominster Adult School and was leader of the Leo­ The rationale behind many of intertwined with his Quaker outlook. minster Men's School for 54 years. In 1869 he became a minister and and concurs with these changes was nurtured in Newman's childhood took a prominent part in the local Tent Meetings and travelled overseas shows the man'. 2 Milton's view, that 'childhood for the Ministry throughout India, Palestine and America. In addition he was editor of The Friend (1892-1912), honorary secretary of the recently Family and Formative Years formed Friends Foreign Mission Association (FFMA), secretary of the The influence of the home was personified in many of Newman's writ­ Leominster Tract Association and founder of the Orphans' Printing Press (1873). One of the best insights into Henry Stanley's life is in The Friend: ings. In 1895, for example, he wrote that, 'the home is the real school­ house of those, who, in their day and generation will rule the world for There was no cessation; no cancelling of appointments; no excuses given � or taken; fatigue and personal inconvenience were set aside; it was one good or evil'.3 The Quaker home that Newman was bro�g t up in exemplified the traditions of public service and practical Chnstlamty. It long, persistent, happy service, both for the Society and for the Kingdom 4 was these traits, which were shown through the work of his mother, of God. father, sister and aunt that later influenced Newman's thinking as an Mary Anna (Newman's mother) was born in Worcester and was the adult. sister of Stanley Pumphrey, the Quaker Minister, who travelled exten­ sively in America. Her commitment towards public works was evident 1. George Newman was concurrently Medical Officer of Health to Finsbury prior to her marriage, when she visited infant schools, taught classes in a and Bedford county councils from 1900 to 1907. He was appointed first Chief Women's Adult School and had the care of a Bible Society and Provi­ Medical Officer to the Board of Education in 1907 and was knighted for his services dent District. In 1863 she married Henry Stanley. Between 1865 and to child health in 1911. In 1919 he was made Chief Medical Officer to the new 1876 their six children were born, three daughters and three sons.5 Mary Ministry of Health. He retired in 1935. He was a prolific writer, producing twenty­ six reports for the Board of Education, fifteen for the Ministry of Health and wrote had a great capacity for hard work. In addition to looking after a large twenty-two books. He was literary advisor to The Friend, editor of the Friends Quar­ terly Examiner, warden of Chalfont House, a member of the Frideswide Girls' Club and the Cromwell Club for men and a founding member of the Friends Ambulance 4. 'The Late Henry Stanley Newman', The Friend 44 (11 November 1912), pp. Unit. 709-15 (714). 2. ]. Milton, Comus, p. 220. 5. Harriet Mary, 3 February 1865; Josiah, 27 September 1866; Lucy, 18 Febru­ 3. George Newman, The Lilies of the Field: How They Grow (privately printed, ary 1869; George Arthur, 23 October 1870; Stanley Pumphrey, 1 December 1872; 1895), p. 16. Caroline Elizabeth, 14 February 1876. 50 51 QUAKER STUDIES SMITH A QUAKER INHERITANCE ------------------ family she oversaw the day-to-day running of the grocery business with Harriet's reminiscences provide an interesting insight into family life several living-in apprentices. Furthermore, she was an active worker in when the children were small: the FFMA, the local orphan homes and the local Tract Association. In Life was a serious and strenuous business for the parents ... The Orphan 1878 the Hereford and Radnor Monthly Meeting recorded her as being Homes became one of the absorbing occupations of the family. It was a minister. In Leominster she visited the homes of the sick or those who practical philanthropic work that appealed to Friends. Our homes began were in difficulty; she gained local recognition by becoming the first in a dull old house in Bridge St and I remember being set to make a woman member of the Leominster Board of Guardians. She was assistant selection of our own toys for the first children ... There were gatherings clerk of the monthly meetings, clerk of the Women's Quarterly Meeting at Broad St., which we much enjoyed--they took on a philanthropic flavour and were known as Bees. The object was to distribute the new and the Monthly Meeting for Ministry and Oversight.6 Orphan Home Report and specimens of the new tracts. Most of the Aside from his mother and father there were two further influential Friends came to help with this. figures in Newman's early life, Aunt Caroline Westcombe Pumphrey Life had a good many interests but there was a strong streak of Puri­ (his mother's sister) and his older sister Harriet (the first of the Newman tanism and we were hedged in with many taboos. There was no music or children). Caroline Pumphrey dedicated her life to the Newman family singing, no dancing, and certainly no acting. These were all thought of as and to the Society. She was unmarried, and when not looking after the 'worldly' and we must be kept from the world. 10 Newman and Eddington nephews and nieces, she worked effortlessly for From their earliest years the Newman children participated in public the Corresponding Bible Class, the FFMA and was co-editor of Our service and practical Christianity. More significantly, Newman remarked Missions.
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