Dionysus Resurrected Bacchae the of Euripides’ Performances in a Globalizing World Fischer-Lichte Erika Ome Ome R Fischer-Lichte Tradition
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ErIkA FIScHEr-LIcHTE is Professor “The changing fortunes of The Bacchae, as told in this BLACKWELL BRISTOL Before the late 1960s, Euripides’ The of Theatre Studies at the Institut für engaging book, are almost as dramatic as the play itself. LECTURES ON Bacchae had almost no performance record GREECE, ROME Theaterwissenschaft at the Freie Universität Long neglected, it made an astonishing comeback in the AND THE CLASSICAL on modern stages. Since then, the play TRADITION of Berlin and Director of the International BLACKWELL BRISTOL sixties, capturing our world of cultural and religious clashes has been staged many times in the United research centre “Interweaving Performance LECTURES ON with uncanny precision. In these pages, Erika Fischer-Lichte States, Africa, Latin America, Europe, cultures.” She has published extensively GREECE, ROME has turned a classic into a masterwork for our time.” BLACKWELL BRISTOL and Asia. Drawing parallels between the Fischer-Lichte on the history of the theatre and on the AND THE CLASSICAL Martin Puchner, Harvard University LECTURES ON elements of transition, transformation, TRADITION reception of Greek tragedy. Her most recent GREECE, ROME and violence in the second half of the publications include Theatre, Sacrifice, Ritual: “There is only one person (Fischer-Lichte) who has AND THE CLASSICAL twentieth century and the plot of The Exploring Forms of Political Theatre (2005), the experience, the knowledge, and the perspectives – TRADITION Bacchae, Fischer-Lichte argues that the The Transformative Power of Performance: theoretical, theatrical, political – to write this book. It play’s reflection on features identified A New Aesthetics (2008), and Performance simultaneously illumines the ancient Bacchae and the today as consequences of globalization Dionysus Resurrected and the Politics of Space: Theatre and Topology contemporary global theatre.” allowed the performance to accomplish (edited with Benjamin Wihstutz, 2012). Oliver Taplin, Oxford University what the ancient viewers believed Dionysus, the protagonist, brought “For the first time, performances of The Bacchae are studied about. In this sense, the author contends from a world perspective – North, South, East, and West. that Dionysus resurrects as the god of Fischer-Lichte’s pioneering book is illuminated by her globalization, rendering the tragedy a nuanced conceptions of ritual.” contemporary play. By analyzing and Maria Shevtsova, University of London contextualizing these performances worldwide, Fischer-Lichte reveals the reasons behind the resurrection of this much discussed but, until recently, rarely performed tragedy. Dionysus Resurrected Performances of Euripides’ The Bacchae in a Globalizing World Erika Fischer-Lichte jkt_9781405175784.indd 1 30/9/13 14:24:50 CH03 09/09/2013 11:5:30 Page 90 FFIRS 09/17/2013 11:11:33 Page 1 BLACKWELL BRISTOL LECTURES ON GREECE, ROME AND THE CLASSICAL TRADITION Dionysus Resurrected FFIRS 09/17/2013 11:11:33 Page 2 Blackwell Bristol Lectures on Greece, Rome and the Classical Tradition Series Editors: Neville Morley, Charles A. Martindale and Robert L. Fowler The Bristol Institute of Greece, Rome and the Classical Tradition promotes the study of Greco-Roman culture from antiquity to the present day, in the belief that classical culture remains a vital influence in the modern world. It embraces researchandeducationinmanyfields,includinghistoryofallkinds,archaeology, literary studies, art history and philosophy, with particular emphasis on links betweentheancientandmodernworlds.TheBlackwellBristollecturesshowcase the very best of modern scholarship in Classics and the Classical Tradition. Publications Why Plato Wrote Danielle S. Allen Tales of the Barbarians: Ethnography and Empire in the Roman West Greg Woolf Dionysus Resurrected: Performances of Euripides’ The Bacchae in a Globalizing World Erika Fischer-Lichte Past Speakers and Lectures 2013 Mark Vessey, University of British Columbia “Writing before Litera- ture: Later Latin Scriptures and the Memory of Rome” 2012 Bettina Bergmann, Mount Holyoke College “Worlds on the Wall: The Experience of Place in Roman Art” 2011 Colin Burrow, All Souls College, The University of Oxford “Imitation” 2010 Erika Fischer-Lichte, Free University of Berlin, “Dionysus Resurrected: Performances of Euripides’ The Bacchae in a Globalizing World” 2009 Greg Woolf, St. Andrews University, “Barbarian Science: Ethnography and Imperialism in the Roman West” 2008 Danielle S. Allen, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, “Philosophy and Politics in Ancient Athens” 2007 Ian Morris, Stanford University, “The Athenian Empire” Future Speakers 2014 Andrew Feldherr, Princeton University 2015 Susan E. Alcock, Brown University 2016 Glenn W. Most, University of Chicago FFIRS 09/17/2013 11:11:33 Page 3 BLACKWELL BRISTOL LECTURES ON GREECE, ROME AND THE CLASSICAL TRADITION Dionysus Resurrected Performances of Euripides’ The Bacchae in a Globalizing World Erika Fischer-Lichte FFIRS 09/17/2013 11:11:33 Page 4 This edition first published 2014 # 2014 Erika Fischer-Lichte Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Erika Fischer-Lichte to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fischer-Lichte, Erika, author. Dionysus resurrected : performances of Euripides’ The Bacchae in a globalizing world / Erika Fischer-Lichte. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-7578-4 (cloth : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-60975-0 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-118-60977-4 (wol) – ISBN 978-1-118-60978-1 (epdf) – ISBN 978-1-118-60979-8 (mobi) 1. Euripides. Bacchae. 2. Greek drama–Modern presentation. I. Title. PA3973.B23F57 2014 882’.01–dc23 2013030057 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover design by Nicki Averill Design Set in 10/12pt, Sabon by Thomson Digital, Noida, India. 1 2014 FTOC 09/09/2013 11:57:23 Page 5 Contents Acknowledgments vii Preface ix Introduction 1 –Rediscovering The Bacchae – Part I: Festivals of Liberation: Celebrating Communality 25 Chapter 1: The Birth Ritual of a New Theatre 27 – Richard Schechner’s Dionysus in 69 in New York (1968) – Chapter 2: Celebrating a Communion Rite? 48 – Wole Soyinka’s The Bacchae of Euripides at London’s National Theatre (1973) – Chapter 3: Sparagmos and Omophagia 72 – Teat(r)o Oficina’s Bacantes in Sao~ Paulo (1996) – Part II: Renegotiating Cultural Identities 91 Chapter 4: On the Strangeness and Inaccessibility of the Past 93 – The Antiquity Project at the Schaubuhne€ Berlin (1974) – Chapter 5: Performing or Contaminating Greekness? 116 – Theodoros Terzopoulos’ The Bacchae in Delphi (1986) – Chapter 6: In Search of New Identities 136 – Krzysztof Warlikowski’s The Bacchae in Warsaw (2001) – FTOC 09/09/2013 11:57:23 Page 6 vi CONTENTS Part III: Productive Encounter or Destructive Clash of Cultures? 157 Chapter 7: Dismemberment and the Quest for Wholeness 159 – Suzuki Tadashi’s The Bacchae in Japan and on World Tour (1978–2008) – Chapter 8: Transforming Kathakali 186 – The Bacchae by Guru Sadanam P. V. Balakrishnan in Delphi and New Delhi (1998) – Chapter 9: Beijing Opera Dismembered 206 – Peter Steadman and Chen Shi-zheng’s The Bacchae in Beijing (1996) – Epilogue 225 Name Index 231 Subject Index 236 FACKNOW 09/09/2013 11:48:34 Page 7 Acknowledgments It is no secret that authors rely on the help of other people, without whom their books would not get written. I would like to thank Charles Martindale for the invitation to Bristol and Pantelis Michelakis for taking such good care of