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Home , African barred owlet, African jacana, African skimmer, Black crake, Hwange National Park, Kafue National Park

Species Checklist • • Zambia COUNTRY SIZE: 752 618 sq. km / 290 587 sq. mi CAPITAL:

Known as ‘the real ,’ with space, wilderness and wildlife. Kafue National Park’s open grasslands and floodplains of the Busanga Plains are home to amazing and tree- climbing .

Luangwa

Mfuwe

ZAMBIA

Kafue Lusaka

Mana pools Kariba

Victoria Falls Harare

Linyanti Chobe ZIMBABWE Okavango

Maun

Makgadikgadi

BOTSWANA Zimbabwe COUNTRY SIZE: 390 757 sq. km / 150 871 sq. mi CAPITAL: Harare

Central kalahari Huge numbers of , and plants in Hwange and Mana Pools National Parks. The majestic is popular with tourists from all over the world.

Gaborone Botswana COUNTRY SIZE: 581 730 sq. km / 224 610 sq. mi CAPITAL: Gaborone

Home to the unique , largest inland wetland, the Linyanti and the Central Kalahari Game Reserve – a 5 million hectare desert.

Protected Area Water City / Town Introduction

This booklet will allow you to learn more about the , birds, trees, reptiles and amphibians that you will see all around you during your stay on your Children in the Wilderness camp. We hope that this is just the beginning and you’ll want to learn more when you go back to school and your home!

The big animals are ones that you’ll see easily but it’s often the smaller creatures that are even more interesting. Keep a sharp lookout for these, and challenge yourself to learn more about them, either from this book or from your guide or Eco-Mentor. Handy tips when in the bush

• Be patient and quiet when looking for wildlife – you will see more. Spend a little more time at each sighting and you’ll be able to see some interesting behaviour or interactions.

• Early morning and late afternoon are the best times to be out looking for wildlife. This is when most animals are active, with nocturnal animals (active at night e.g., leopard) also still about.

• During the heat of the day many animals will relax in the shade or drink at waterholes (e.g., elephant, ), making this a good time to be there.

• Watching birds is good throughout the year. In the warmer, wetter summer months many also visit from other parts of the world.

• Binoculars are useful for observing birds and smaller species or even details of the larger ones. Where wildlife lives

Biomes – A biome is a large area with very specific types of land, plants, animals, and weather patterns.

Habitats –These are the homes of plants and animals. In southern Africa, we have the following habitats:

1. Savannah Open woodland with grass; the trees have broad leaves or thorns – this habitat is across large areas of Africa south of the Equator.

2. Wetlands Anything wet: from seasonal pools to lakes, rivers, or parts of a river that spreads out to form a marshy area.

3. Desert and Semi-Desert Areas that receive little or no rain and therefore there are few plants or animals living there.

4. Marine This is the sea – in other words, a salt-water habitat, where only specialised creatures can survive.

5. Forest An area filled with thousands of trees, so many that the tops form a closed “canopy”. These range from mountainous forest to coastal forest.

SPECIES CHECKLIST 1 Mammals Mammals are divided generally into two groups:

1 Hunters: Known as carnivores or predators that Do you know what makes a mammal? eat meat. • Gives birth to live young Vegetarians: Known as herbivores that are • Has hair or fur somewhere on its body 2 browsing (eat leaves) or grazing (eat grass) • Feeds its babies with milk animals. • Is warm-blooded

Zambia has many interesting mammals such as , , and wild dog, right down to elephant shrews, bats and mongoose species. Here there are good populations of lion and leopard. Kafue’s Busanga Plains is home to buffalo, red , , and , whereas the woodland areas are good for seeing Lichtenstein’s , defassa , and yellow baboon. Keep a look out for the tree hyrax in Kafue.

About 196 mammal species are found in Zimbabwe. has over 100 mammal species alone! There are good populations of , Cape buffalo, and southern , while greater , , common waterbuck, Burchell’s zebra, chacma baboon, lion, leopard, and spotted hyaena all are here too. The River, along the , has large numbers of elephant, hippo and other herbivores such as buffalo, impala, waterbuck, eland, kudu and nyala. Predators here also include lion, leopard and wild dog.

Botswana has large areas that have been set aside as national parks or reserves. The Okavango Delta is filled with water for much of the year, so water-loving antelope like red lechwe and live there. But many other mammals can be found too, from large elephant and buffalo to lion, leopard and cheetah. In the Central Kalahari, animals adapted to the desert, such as gemsbok, , can be seen, as well as smaller predators like brown hyaena, bat-eared and Cape fox.

Did you know?

White Rhino • Pointed, tufted ears • Elongated head, usually held down • Is a grazer (eats grass) and has a square upper lip for grazing • Young calf usually runs ahead of its mother • Tail curled above the back

Black Rhino • Rounded ears • Rounded head, usually held up • Is a browser (eats leaves on shrubs) and has a pointed, upper lip for browsing • Young calf usually runs behind its mother • Tail held out straight when alarmed

2 SPECIES CHECKLIST CAPE BUFFALO SPOTTED HYAENA

SABLE AFRICAN ELEPHANT

CHEETAH

COMMON IMPALA

SOUTHERN GIRAFFE

SPECIES CHECKLIST 3 Larger mammals

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME BOTSWANA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE Primates Primates Chacma Baboon Papio ursinus v v v Yellow Baboon Papio cynocephalus v Vervet Monkey Cercopithecus aethiops v v v Thick-tailed Bushbaby (Greater Galago) Otolemur crassicaudatus v Lesser Bushbaby Galago moholi v v v Pangolins Pholidota Pangolin Smutsia temminckii v v v Hares Lagomorpha Scrub Hare Lepus saxatilis v v v Rodents and Squirrels Rodentia Tree (Smith’s Bush) Squirrel Paraxerus cepapi v v v Springhare Pedetes capensis v v Carnivores Carnivora Bat-eared Fox Otocyon megalotis v v Black-backed Jackal Canis mesomelas v v Side-striped Jackal Canis adustus v v v Lycaon pictus v v v Cape Clawless Aonyx capensis v v v Spotted-necked Otter Lutra maculicollis v v Mellivora capensis v v v Striped Weasel Poecilogale albinucha v v v Striped Polecat Ictonyx striatus v v v Banded Mongoose Mungos mungo v v v Selous’s Mongoose Paracynictis selousi v v Large Grey (Egyptian) Mongoose Herpestes ichneumon v v v Slender Mongoose Herpestes sanguinea v v v Water Mongoose Atilax paludinosus v v v Dwarf Mongoose Helogale parvula v v v White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda v v v Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata v v Small-spotted (Common) Genet Genetta genetta v v v Large-spotted Genet Genetta tigrina v v v African Civettictis civetta v v v Spotted Hyaena Crocuta crocuta v v v Brown Hyaena Hyaena brunnea v v Aardwolf Proteles cristatus v v African Wild Cat Felis lybica v v v Felis serval v v v Felis caracal v v v Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus v v v Lion Panthera leo v v v

4 SPECIES CHECKLIST Larger mammals

Primates Primates BOTSWANA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE Leopard Panthera pardus v v v Aardvark Tubulidentata Aardvark Orycteropus afer v v v Elephants Proboscidea Elephant Loxodonta africana v v v Hyraxes Hyracoidea Rock Hyrax Procavia capensis v v Tree Hyrax Dendrohyrax arboreus v Odd-Toed Ungulates Perissodactyla Burchell’s Zebra Equus burchellii v v v White Rhino Ceratotherium simum v v v Artiodactyla: Suiformes Warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus v v v porcus v v v Artiodactyla: Whippomorpha Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius v v v Giraffe, Buffalo, Antelope Artiodactyla: Ruminantia Southern Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis v v v Cape (African) Buffalo Syncerus caffer caffer v v v Eland v v v strepsiceros v v v Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekei v v Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus v v v Roan equinus v v v Sable Hippotragus niger v v v Gemsbok Oryx gazella v v Common Waterbuck ellipsiprymnus v v v Defassa Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa v v Red Lechwe Kobus leche v v Puku Kobus vardonii v v Southern (Common) Redunca arundinum v v v Blue Connochaetes taurinus v v v Red Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus v v Lichtenstein’s Hartebeest Sigmoceros lichtensteinii v Impala Aepyceros melampus v v v Oreotragus oreotragus v Steenbok campestris v v v Oribi Ourebia ourebi v Sharpe’s Grysbok Raphicerus sharpei v v v Yellow-backed Cephalophus silvicultor v Philantomba monticola v Common (Grey) Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia v v v

SPECIES CHECKLIST 5 Mammal tracks

PORCUPINE AARDVARK

Front Back Front Back

CHACMA BABOON GIRAFFE

Front Back Front Back

BLACK RHINO HIPPOPOTAMUS

Front Back Front Back

WHITE RHINO VERVET MONKEY

Front Back Front Back

6 SPECIES CHECKLIST CHEETAH LEOPARD

Front Back Front Back

LION SPOTTED HYAENA

Front Back Front Back

AFRICAN CIVET BLACK-BACKED JACKAL

Front Back Front Back

WILD DOG ELEPHANT

Front Back Front Back

SPECIES CHECKLIST 7 Trees of southern Africa

Trees are the ultimate “givers”: • They provide food, shelter and shade • They create habitats that can be used by mammals, birds and other wildlife • They prevent soil erosion • They improve air quality (meaning that they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen)

Look for trees to spot animals! • Savannah, where you’ll find trees, is where you’ll find giraffe, lion, zebra, and wildebeest. • Riverine forest, which is home to huge sycamore figs, is where bushbuck, vervet monkey and leopard live. • In the broad-leaf woodland, there can be good numbers of elephant and antelope like roan and sable.

Trees are important parts of Food Webs: • Some trees produce nuts and seeds • These are food for mice, and other animals. • The nuts and seeds as well as insects are then food for birds and baboons • Vultures, hawks, jackals and feed on mice and the other smaller animals.

Everything is connected!

8 SPECIES CHECKLIST Some species to look out for: Mopane Colophospermum mopane

This tree has a butterfly-shaped (bifoliate) leaf and thin seed pod. It is a major food source for the mopane worm, which is the caterpillar of the emperor moth.

Common Star Chestnut Sterculia rogersii

This chestnut has smooth, flaking bark and star-shaped, velvety fruit capsules. This tree is found in dry bushveld areas, in river gorges, or on dry rocky outcrops.

Camelthorn Acacia erioloba

A beautiful and hardy tree of southern Africa’s drier areas like Hwange, with pods that are large and full of nutrients. Animals like gemsbok and eland love these.

SPECIES CHECKLIST 9 Some species to look out for:

African Mangosteen Garcinia livingstonei

The mangosteen has evergreen leaves (meaning they do not fall off in winter), and a pyramid shape when it is young. The flowers are full of nectar and the delicious fruits are loved by animals and people alike.

Zambezi Teak Baikiaea plurijuga

Extensive forests of this tree are found in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Its wood is very dense and hard, and termites can’t destroy it, so it is used for making furniture.

Marula Sclerocarya birrea

The marula has one trunk, speckled bark and a crown of leaves. It is famous for its delicious fruit loved by animals and people alike.

Waterberry Syzygium cordatum

An evergreen, water-loving tree that is often found on the banks of large rivers or in swampy areas. The flowers have a beautiful smell and the fruits are fleshy berries. Birds and insects love this tree.

10 SPECIES CHECKLIST Some species to look out for:

Sycamore Fig Ficus sycomorus

This tree is most often found along rivers or in damp areas. The bark is pale and flaky and many birds and animals love the thick clusters of fruit that are on the branches.

Baobab Ficus sycomorus

The giant of our hot plains, these trees can be 20 metres wide and live for many years – some are over 1 500 years old! Their flowers are pollinated by fruit bats and the tasty fruits eaten by various animals.

Jackalberry (African Ebony) Diospyros mespiliformis

Jackals love to eat the fruit that grows on this tree, which is how it got its name. It is deciduous (sheds its leaves every year) and is found mostly in savannah areas.

SPECIES CHECKLIST 11 Reptiles and amphibians What animals are reptiles? Snakes, tortoises, turtles, terrapins, lizards, skinks, geckos and chameleons are all examples of reptiles.

Do you know what makes a reptile? • It has a dry, scaly skin. • It is cold blooded, which means its body temperature is the same as the temperature around it. If it needs to warm up, it uses the heat from the sun.

They are far from just cold and scaly! Reptiles are actually not all venomous (poisonous) and are fascinating to learn about. Many people are afraid of snakes, but most are in fact totally harmless to humans. Whether big or small, they are very important in the food web. Some are top predators – like the – and some are herbivores, feeding on plants. Some eat mice, rats and insects, which means they help farmers to control pests.

Do you know what makes an amphibian? • It is cold blooded. • Most go through two stages in their lives (the word “amphibian” means “double life”) – the tadpole stage, which takes place in water, and the adult stage, where it lives on land.

Amphibians are useful, colourful and loud! Tadpoles are good indicators of water quality, while adults eat large amounts of insects – this is important in controlling mosquitoes for instance. Amphibians come in many colours and patterns. They are found in different habitats, and the males often call very loudly – and each call is as different as that of a bird call.

Did you know? Tortoise • Lives on land. • Has round stumpy feet for walking on land and long claws for digging. • Its body is more rounded, with a hard-domed shell. • Herbivore. Eats plants like small ground shrubs, grasses and low growing plants. • Can completely retract its head into its shell (hides in its shell).

Terrapin • Lives on land and in fresh water (but always near water). • Has webbed feet with claws. • Body is semi-streamlined (flatter) and shell is hard. • Omnivore. Eats meat, including worms and little , and plants. • Can turn its head sideways into its shell.

Turtle • Lives mainly in salt water (sea). • Has long feet that are shaped like flippers or fins to make it a better swimmer. • Body is streamlined so it can glide through the water. • Its shell is not very hard. • Omnivore. Eats jellyfish and sea plants. • Does not retract into its shell.

12 SPECIES CHECKLIST Reptiles and amphibians

Nile Crocodile Water Monitor Crocodylus niloticus Varanidae niloticus This large reptile is found The water monitor, biggest throughout southern Africa of the African lizards, is often and is a tough predator. seen in river valleys and is It lives in rivers and larger an excellent swimmer. It wetland areas. The female can grow to well over two looks after its young, more metres (6.5 feet) long and than any other reptile. often raids bird and crocodile nests.

Leopard Tortoise Serrated Hinged Terrapin Geochelone pardalis Pelusios sinuatus The largest and most Terrapins live in fresh water common tortoise species. like marshes, pans and rivers. Its name comes from the This species can close its pattern of its domed shell, lower shell to protect its which looks like a leopard head. skin.

Black Mamba Striped Skink Dendroaspis polylepsis Mabuya striata The black mamba, about This skink looks similar to three metres (ten feet) a lizard and has two pale long, is one of Africa’s most stripes along the sides of respected snakes. It moves its body. It is seen all over with amazing speed and southern Africa as it runs up agility. and down rocky outcrops, houses or trees during the day.

Flap-necked Chameleon Spotted Bush Snake Chamaeleo dilepis Philothamnus semivariegatus This harmless reptile is This harmless savannah famous for being able to snake species has a beautiful change its body colour and spotted pattern that helps for its eyes which can each it hide in its tree habitat. move in a different direction! It hunts tree and It is named for the large, chameleons. movable flaps that are on either side of the neck.

Angolan Reed Foam Nest Frog Hyperolius parallelus Chiromantis xerampelina The reed frog can be only As its name indicates, this frog as big as your fingernail! is known for its unusual foam It is found in rivers, large nests often seen overhanging wetlands and streams in pools of water. The female savannah areas, in various lays her eggs on the branch, colours. This amphibian is males fertilise them by often seen while out on producing sperm which they mokoro. whip into a foamy ‘nest’.

SPECIES CHECKLIST 13 Birds

Do you know what makes a bird special? • They are the only animals on Earth with feathers • Their bones are extra light and built so that they can fly

How do I know what that bird is? Using a bird book, go through the questions below: • What is the general colour of the bird and are there any special markings? • Is its size large, medium or small? • What is the colour and shape of its beak? • What is the colour and shape of its legs and feet? • What is it doing (behaviour) and where is it (habitat) – in a tree, or on the ground for example?

BIRD BODIES

Eyes: Bird eyesight is excellent and this is Skeleton: Bones are as important for finding food. light as possible but still strong. The inside of the bones is hollow with support struts. Bill: The shape shows what kind of food the bird eats, for example, seeds, fruit, insects, reptiles, etc.

Wings: Shape and size depend on bird’s needs, for example, flying long distances, flying silently, darting back and forth, soaring.

Feet: Flat feet are for standing and curved feet are for perching (holding onto branches).

14 SPECIES CHECKLIST What habitat was the bird in?

Grasslands Woodland Acacia thornveld Water Desert

What was the bird doing?

Bathing Nesting Feeding Singing Walking

What did the bird look like?

Plain Striped Different colours Barred Spotted

What shape was the bill?

Long and slender Short and fat (conical) Long and curved Hooked Short and thin

Shape and size of the bird

Large Small with short legs Long neck and legs Medium size Unusual features

SPECIES CHECKLIST 15 Some species to look out for:

African Finfoot Podica senegalensis Haliaeetus vocifer

This bird is an underwater This is a “raptor” or a bird of specialist with a long neck, prey. It is well known for its sharp beak, and bright red, beautiful cry. It usually lives lobed feet. A shy species that on or near larger rivers and inhabits quiet backwaters of bodies of water. large rivers like the Zambezi.

African Hawk-Eagle African Jacana Aquila spilogaster africanus

This raptor is fairly common Often known as “lily in the savannahs of Africa trotters,” this bird lives in and specialises in hunting wetland areas where it walks gamebirds like guineafowl easily on floating plants due and francolin. to its abnormally long toes.

African Openbill African Pygmy-Goose Anastomus lamelligerus Nettapus auritus

As its name shows, the beak A small colourful species, (bill) of this stork species it enjoys being in inland is perfectly adapted for wetlands and is particularly cracking open shells. It is fond of water lilies. often seen in large flocks.

African Skimmer Bateleur flavirostris Terathopius ecaudatus

Take a look at the unusual The name “Bateleur” is the yellow-orange beak of this French word for ‘acrobat’ bird: the bottom is much because this large black longer than the top and it is raptor with pink beak and shaped like a scissor blade. legs is really good at flying! This helps it to scoop up fish as it flies low over the water surface.

16 SPECIES CHECKLIST Some species to look out for:

Black Crake Bradfield’s Hornbill Amaurornis flavirostra Tockus bradfieldi

While other birds in the This hornbill is mostly family are very shy, the black restricted to southern Africa. crake is happy to feed in the When nesting, the female open and is easy to see. places herself in a tree cavity, leaving only a narrow split through which she gets food from her mate whilst she sits on her eggs.

Collared Pratincole Coppery-tailed Coucal Glareola pratincola Centropus cupreicaudus

These birds are quite unique This large bird is frequently because they usually hunt seen foraging on open their prey while flying. floodplains along the water They can be seen on the edge. Listen out for its floodplains of large rivers distinctive, low bubbling and found in flocks. calls.

Crested Barbet Crimson-breasted Shrike Trachyphonus vaillantii Laniarius atrococcineus

A bird that’s easy to identify The black-red plumage as it has a mix of colours – of this bird is a stunning yellow and black and all in colour combination. A rare, between and is often seen yellow-breasted form is also bouncing on the ground in occasionally seen. It can be search of food or singing often seen on the ground a very clear ‘trrrrrrr’ sound searching for insects or fallen from a tree. fruit.

Emerald-spotted Fork-tailed Drongo Wood-dove Dicrurus adsimilis Turtur chalcospilos This all-black bird is fearless. A small dove with It can often be seen flying shimmering green wing spots around large mammals like and a rather mournful ‘doo, elephants; as the elephant doo, doo’ song. Often seen walks, it disturbs insects searching for food on game- which fly up to be caught by drive tracks. the drongo.

SPECIES CHECKLIST 17 Some species to look out for:

Grey Crowned Crane Half-collared Balearica regulorum Alcedo semitorquata

This bird likes to show off! A shy kingfisher species It performs a wonderful often found on quiet dance, leaping and bowing, backwaters fringed with for its mate. It likes to live in dense vegetation, for marshes and grassy flatlands example along the Zambezi near rivers and wetlands. River.

Hamerkop Helmeted Guineafowl Scopus umbretta Numida meleagris

This strange-looking bird This is a conspicuous has a hammer-shaped head gamebird (meaning it is – hence its name. It builds often used for food), known huge nests in the fork of a by its blue ‘helmet’. It runs tree out of sticks and mud. around and feeds in noisy flocks but flies up to roost in trees at night.

Lilac-breasted Roller Malachite Kingfisher Coracias caudatus Alcedo cristata

Count the seven different A small, brightly-coloured colours on this bird. It can be kingfisher looks like a flying easily seen as it perches on jewel and it often sits still tree tops and small bushes so that you can get a good from which it hunts for look. It feeds on small fish insects. and insects.

Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus Polemaetus bellicosus

An immense bird with a One of the most powerful naked head and neck, and raptors in the world, this black cloak-like mantle bird has excellent eyesight. and wings, it is often seen Because it is so large, scavenging around it can feed on anything kills or catching fish in drying from snakes to even small pools of water. mammals.

18 SPECIES CHECKLIST Some species to look out for:

Ostrich Red-headed Weaver Struthio camelus Anaplectes rubriceps

This is the largest bird in The red-headed weaver the world – the male can be defies the conventional about 2.5 metres (8 feet) yellow colouration of African tall! Because of its size, weavers – the male has it can’t fly, but it can run a bright red head in full extremely fast to avoid a breeding plumage – but it is predator – and has a kick a weaver nonetheless as it that can kill a lion! weaves an elaborate nest.

Rosy-throated Longclaw Rufous-bellied Macronyx ameliae Ardeola rufiventris

The longclaw generally This heron with its prefers damp or waterlogged contrasting dark grey head short grassland. The adult and red-brown underparts male is a stunning sight with is restricted to southern and crimson-pink underparts and central Africa, often seen a black breast band. foraging along floodplain edges.

Scarlet-chested Sunbird Schalow’s Turaco Chalcomitra senegalensis Tauraco schalowi

Sunbirds are specialist Turacos are known as nectar-feeders; the male of frugivores which means this species is spectacular, “fruit-eating.” This turaco boasting a bright red bib and is brilliantly coloured with black iridescent plumage. shimmering green feathers and bright crimson flashes on the wings.

Slaty Southern Carmine vinaceigula Bee-eater Merops nubicoides This bird is possibly the “special” of the Okavango, This highly colourful, as it is only found in and migratory bee-eater around the Delta. It feeds on breeds in southern Africa small fish and tadpoles. along the larger rivers like Chobe between August and November.

SPECIES CHECKLIST 19 Some species to look out for:

Tawny Eagle Trumpeter Hornbill Aquila rapax Bycanistes bucinator

A resident, large brown eagle A massive hornbill, often that is seen often in open, favouring riverine vegetation wooded savannah. It is a with lots of fruiting trees. good hunter but also often Its call is remarkable, often steals food from other birds. likened to that of a crying baby.

Verreaux’s Eagle- Wattled Crane Bubo lacteus Grus carunculata

A large, powerful owl that An elegant bird that is also is often seen at night or very Endangered, it likes to perching in trees near the wade through marshy areas river during the day. The and feed on waterlilies and male makes a low, grunting insects. sound that can be heard from far away.

White-backed Vulture White-browed Robin-Chat Gyps africanus Cossypha heuglini

The most common vulture A beautiful bird that is species in southern Africa, matched by its extraordinarily you can often see this bird beautiful song, often heard at soaring overhead or feeding dawn and dusk. Robin-chats on animal carcasses where are also good at mimicking it makes a lot of noise and other birds’ calls. hissing.

White-crowned Lapwing White-faced Duck Vanellus albiceps Dendrocygna viduata

An unmistakable species These are showy ducks with identified by its yellow face- white heads and with a loud, wattles, it is found along clear whistling call. Large many of Africa’s tropical flocks are often seen flying large rivers. along the Zambezi River.

20 SPECIES CHECKLIST LION

BURCHELL’S ZEBRA

WARTHOG

LITTLE BEE-EATER CHACMA BABOON

GUINEA SHOVEL-NOSED FROG AFRICAN BARRED OWLET GREATER KUDU

HIPPOPOTAMUS TSESSEBE www.childreninthewilderness.com