DOCSLIB.ORG

The Im Pact of Solar Pow Er Facilities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Im Pact of Solar Pow Er Facilities Materials Keywords: helioenergetics, integrated ment of investments in helioenerget- installation, solar power tower, micro- ics, as it has been recently observed, installation their impact on the landscape also increases. The aim of the work is to determine the effect of various solar Introduction installations on the landscape. Firstly, a rapid growth in the in- terest in solar power energy, observed from the beginning of the 21st century Material and Methods almost all over the world, resulted in The study includes an over- increasingly common occurrences view of the existing types of solar of solar power plants in the land- facilities on the basis of the available scape. Secondly, it led to a growing academic literature, specialist maga- diversity of technologies using solar zines and field research conducted energy [Jäger-Waldau 2007, Moe in August 2016 on the island of 2012, Montoya et al. 2014]. Over Ruegen (Germany). It examined the the last several years also Poland facilities different both in terms of has seen a considerable increase in their spatial dimension (small-scale the installed power of solar facilities systems – micro-installations and [Musiałkiewicz et al. 2014, Hektus, small installations; large solar power Kalbarczyk 2015]. Helioenergetics plants), and the method of assembly has some consequences for the com- (free-standing on the ground, installed ponents and state of the natural envi- on the roof or facade of a building, ronment [Wiąckowski, Wiąckowska building-integrated). 1999, Tryjanowski, Łuczak 2013], in The assessment of the impact of spite of the fact that it is viewed as one the installations on the landscape was of the most environmentally-friendly carried out according to the Author’s Landscape ways of energy production [Tsoutsos division of the impact into four types: et al. 2005, Dobrzańska et al. 2012, integrated, harmonious, disharmoni- Armstrong et al. 2014]. It is also ous and dominant. The concept of worth noting that the hitherto existing harmonious and disharmonious effect The Impact of Solar Facilities Power on Eliza Kalbarczyk literature is dominated by the studies refers to the human induced changes concerning the impact of wind energy in the landscape that are well-known on the landscape [Hektus, Kalbarczyk from landscape studies. According to 2015, Raszka et al. 2016], and what Mazurski [2012], the harmoniousness Oddziaływanie is noticeable is the scarcity of such of a facility in the ecological sense instalacji z zakresu studies on the effect of solar power. consists in its location and arrange- For the purposes of this study, the ment so that it will not disturb natural energetyki solarnej following research hypothesis was processes, and aesthetic harmony is na krajobraz formulated: along with the develop- the adaptation of a new facility to the 30 2/2016 Słowa kluczowe: helioenergetyka, stycji z zakresu helioenergetyki, jaki sów przyrodniczych, a harmonia instalacja zintegrowana, wieża obserwowany jest w ostatnich latach, estetyczna to dopasowanie nowego solarna, mikroinstalacja rośnie również ich oddziaływanie na obiektu do otoczenia. Dysharmonia krajobraz. Celem pracy było określe- estetyczna polega na stworzeniu nie wpływu różnych typów instalacji obcości wizualnej, wprowadzeniu Wprowadzenie solarnych na krajobraz. w krajobrazie pewnego niepokoju Gwałtowny rozwój zaintere- i zakłóceniu naturalnego piękna. sowania energetyką solarną obser- Określenie oddziaływania jako wowany od początku XXI w. niemal Materiał i metody dominujące zostało zainspirowane na całym świecie spowodował coraz W pracy dokonano przeglądu pojęciem dominaty krajobrazowej. powszechniejsze występowanie istniejących typów instalacji solar- Obiekty określane tym mianem elektrowni solarnych w krajobrazie nych na podstawie dostępnej literatu- wyróżniają się w krajobrazie i są z jednej strony, z drugiej – zwiększa- ry naukowej, czasopism branżowych widoczne w terenie z wielu kilo- jącą się różnorodność stosowanych oraz obserwacji terenowych przepro- metrów [Walczak 2007]. Ostatnie technologii wytwarzania energii ze wadzonych w sierpniu 2016 r. na wy- określenie oddziaływania instalacji, słońca [Jäger-Waldau 2007, Moe spie Rugia (Niemcy). Rozpatrywano tj. zintegrowane, nawiązuje do 2012, Montoya i in. 2014]. W ostat- instalacje zróżnicowane zarówno nomenklatury stosowanej w ener- nich kilku latach również w Polsce pod względem wymiaru przestrzen- getyce odnawialnej i odnosi się do zauważono znaczny przyrost mocy nego (systemy małoskalowe – mikro- instalacji zespolonych z budynkami zainstalowanych w energetykę solar- instalacje i małe instalacje, wielko- [Coonen 2001, Strong 2005, Norton ną [Musiałkiewicz i in. 2014, Hektus, obszarowe elektrownie solarne), jak i in. 2011, Peng i in. 2011, Siebert Kalbarczyk 2015]. Helioenergetyka i sposobu montażu (wolno stojące 2012]. Dane dotyczące powierzchni pomimo iż uznawana jest za jedną na podłożu, montowane na dachu i roku powstania wybranych instala- z najbardziej przyjaznych środowi- lub elewacji budynku, wbudowane cji solarnych zaczerpnięto ze stron sku przyrodniczemu [Wiąckowski, w budynek). internetowych inwestorów. Wiąckowska 1999, Tryjanowski, Oceny wpływu typu instalacji Łuczak 2013], nie pozostaje bez na krajobraz dokonano według au- wpływu na jego komponenty i stan torskiego podziału ich oddziaływania Wyniki i dyskusja [Tsoutsos i in. 2005, Dobrzańska i in. na cztery rodzaje: zintegrowane, Stosowane współcześnie ro- 2012, Armstrong i in. 2014]. Warto harmonijne, dysharmonijne i do- dzaje instalacji różnią się swoim zauważyć, że w literaturze dominują minujące. Pojęcie oddziaływania wymiarem przestrzennym od sys- opracowania dotyczące oddziaływa- harmonijnego lub dysharmonijnego temów małoskalowych, takich jak nia energetyki wiatrowej na krajobraz stanowi nawiązanie do znanych mikroinstalacje czy małe instalacje, [Hektus, Kalbarczyk 2015, Raszka z badań krajobrazowych określeń po wielkoobszarowe elektrownie i in. 2016], odczuwalny jest niedo- zmian wywołanych w krajobrazie solarne, a także sposobem montażu. statek tego typu opracowań odnośnie przez człowieka. zdaniem Mazur- Wyróżnia się instalacje wolnosto- oddziaływania krajobrazowego ener- skiego [2012] harmoniczność obiek- jące na podłożu, montowane na getyki solarnej. Na potrzeby pracy tu w sensie ekologicznym polega na dachu lub elewacji budynku, wbu- sformułowano następującą hipotezę takim jego usytuowaniu i urządzeniu, dowane w budowlę [Wiśniewski i in. badawczą: wraz z rozwojem inwe- by nie zakłócał naturalnych proce- 2012]. 2/2016 31 Fig. 1. Photovoltaic power station in Sarnia (Canada) visible on www.maps.google.com, method of assembly: free-standing available at 10.01.2017 ones, mounted on the roof or facade Ryc. 1. Elektrownia fotowoltaiczna w Sarnii widoczna na www.maps.google.com, of a building, and building-integrated stan na 10.01.2017 ones [Wiśniewski et al. 2012]. Photovoltaic power stations are investments covering large areas [Biesiada 2015]. The demand for large areas results from fairly low energy efficiency of the present photovoltaic panels. Therefore, for an investment to be economically profitable, it is necessary to connect many installations of this type in one power network. According to Pająk [2013], building a photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1 MW requires approx. 20,000 m2. In addition, ar- eas where solar power stations are located should not have a big height differences, as it would involve high expenditures related to levelling. According to the estimates, a pho- tovoltaic power plant with a capac- ity of 1000 MW requires an area of 50,000,000 m2 [Biesiada 2015]. The examples of large solar surroundings. Aesthetic disharmony tions [Coonen 2001, Strong 2005, power stations include: Sarnia Pho- lies in creating a visual alien char- Norton et al. 2011, Peng et al. 2011, tovoltaic Power Plant in Canada acter, introducing to the landscape Siebert 2012]. The data regarding the (Fig. 1), the largest such installation a certain disturbance and spoiling the size and the year of establishment of in the world in 2010, occupying natural beauty. Defining the impact selected solar power facilities come 873,000 m2; the largest PV power sta- as dominant was inspired by the no- from the investors’ websites. tion in China – Golmud of an area of tion of landscape dominant. A facility approx. 25,500,000 m2. The latter is so defined stands out in the landscape situated at 2870 m above sea level, on and is visible from a distance of many Results and discussion the plateau of Tibetan Qinghai, with kilometres [Walczak 2007]. The last The facilities used at present favourable conditions for solar power remaining type of the impact, i.e. inte- are different both in size, from production, at a distance of about grated one, is related to the terminol- small-scale systems such as micro- 15 km from the nearest human com- ogy used in renewable energetics and installations or small installations munity [Biesiada 2015, Fernandez- refers to building-integrated installa- to large solar plants, and in their -Jimenez et al. 2015]. 32 2/2016 Elektrownie słoneczne to inwe- Pocking, na powierzchni 320 000 m2 Fig. 2. Photovoltaic power station in Pocking stycje zajmujące duże przestrzenie (32 ha) zlokalizowano Pocking Solar (Germany) visible on www.maps.google.com, [Biesiada 2015]. Powodem zapo- Park (ryc. 2). Teren, na którym zreali- 10.01.2017 trzebowania na teren o dużej po- zowano inwestycję, jest równinny, Ryc. 2. Elektrownia fotowoltaiczna Pocking wierzchni jest dość mała efektywność pokryty zwartą,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Optimization of Solar Power Tower Systems Using a Monte Carlo Algorithm
    Global optimization of solar power tower systems using a Monte Carlo algorithm: Application to a redesign of the PS10 solar thermal power plant Olivier Farges, Jean-Jacques Bézian, Mouna El-Hafi To cite this version: Olivier Farges, Jean-Jacques Bézian, Mouna El-Hafi. Global optimization of solar power tower systems using a Monte Carlo algorithm: Application to a redesign of the PS10 solar thermal power plant. Renewable Energy, Elsevier, 2018, 119, pp.345-353. 10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.028. hal-01660563 HAL Id: hal-01660563 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01660563 Submitted on 26 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Global optimization of Solar Power Tower systems using a Monte Carlo algorithm: application to a redesign of the PS10 solar thermal power plant O. Fargesa,b,c,∗, J.J. Bézianc, M. El Hafic aUniversité de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France bCNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France cUniversité Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, F-81013 Albi CT Cedex 09, France Abstract There is a need to enhance the performance of Solar Power Tower (SPT) systems in view of their significant capital costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Potentials of Thermal Energy Storage Integrated Into Steam Power Plants
    energies Article Potentials of Thermal Energy Storage Integrated into Steam Power Plants Michael Krüger 1,* , Selman Muslubas 2, Thomas Loeper 3, Freerk Klasing 4, Philipp Knödler 1 and Christian Mielke 3 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; [email protected] 2 Chair of Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; [email protected] 3 Siemens AG, Power and Gas Division, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] (T.L.); [email protected] (C.M.) 4 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, 51147 Köln, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 22 April 2020; Published: 3 May 2020 Abstract: For conventional power plants, the integration of thermal energy storage opens up a promising opportunity to meet future technical requirements in terms of flexibility while at the same time improving cost-effectiveness. In the FLEXI- TES joint project, the flexibilization of coal-fired steam power plants by integrating thermal energy storage (TES) into the power plant process is being investigated. In the concept phase at the beginning of the research project, various storage integration concepts were developed and evaluated. Finally, three lead concepts with different storage technologies and integration points in the power plant were identified. By means of stationary system simulations, the changes of net power output during charging and discharging as well as different storage efficiencies were calculated. Depending on the concept and the operating strategy, a reduction of the minimum load by up to 4% of the net capacity during charging and a load increase by up to 5% of the net capacity during discharging are possible.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Energy Primer
    September 2011 The New Energy Primer A guide to the future of power generation Important disclosures, including any required research certifications, are provided on the last two pages of this report. Your guide to the report Entrée Energy – the big picture More energy = higher standard of living – p.7 Global energy demand likely to further increase over the next 20 years – p.9 New Energy needed to maintain economic growth – p.13 Main course Power capacity, generation and investments – p.18-19 Energy return on energy invested – p.21 The cookbook – mature technologies Biomass (combustion) – p. 24, CCGT (CBM) – p.26, CCGT (Shale Gas) – p.28, Geothermal – p.30, Waste-to-energy – p.32, Advanced Nuclear – p.34, Small Hydro – p.36, Solar Crystalline – p.38, Solar Thin Film – p.40, Onshore Wind – p.42, Offshore Wind – p.44 The cookbook – up & coming Biomass (Anaerobic Digestion) – p.46, Carbon Capture & Storage – p.47, Solar CLFR – p.48, Solar Parabolic – p.49, Solar Towers – p.50, Tidal – p.51, Wave – p.52, Wind power - micro – p.53 Wind energy overview – p.55 Solar energy overview – p.63 China vs. India The two energy-consuming monsters – p.72 A face-off format comparing demand, supply, policy support to clean energy, and current challenges – p.74 Desserts New Energy supply forecasts – p.84 The 2020 New Energy mix – p.85 Company list – p.88 Available for take-out: Daiwa World Energy Map (insert) The New Energy Primer September 2011 Table of contents Introduction 1 1 Energy – the big picture 3 2 New Energy 15 New Energy cookbook 22 3 Wind energy
    [Show full text]
  • Receiver Design Methodology for Solar Tower Power Plants
    Department of Energy Technology Receiver Design Methodology for Solar Tower Power Plants Master Thesis Joseph Stalin Maria Jebamalai Supervisors: Dipl.-Ing. Peter Sch¨ottl,Internal Supervisor, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg Dr. Bj¨ornLaumert, External Supervisor, KTH Royal Institute of Technology KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management Department of Energy Technology Division of Heat and Power Technology SE - 100 44, Stockholm August 2016 Master of Science Thesis EGI_2016: 070 MSC EKV1157 Receiver Design Methodology for Solar Tower Power Plants Joseph Stalin Maria Jebamalai Approved Examiner Supervisor 16th August 2016 Dr. Björn Laumert Dipl.-Ing. Peter Schöttl Dr. Björn Laumert Commissioner Contact person Dr. Björn Laumert Abstract – Swedish Centrala solmottagarsystem (CRS) är på frammarsch på grund av deras höga koncentrationsfaktor och höga potential att minska kostnaderna genom att öka kapacitetsfaktorn av solkraftanläggningar med lagring. I CRS kraftanläggningar är solljuset fokuserat på mottagaren genom arrangemanget av tusentals speglar för att omvandla solstrålning till värme för att driva värmecykler. Solmottagare används för att överföra värmeflux från solen till arbetsmediet. Generellt arbetar solmottagare i driftpunkter med hög temperatur och därför genereras strålningsförluster. Vidare har solmottagaren en betydande påverkan på den totala kostnaden för kraftverket. Således har konstruktion och modellering av mottagaren en signifikant påverkan på kraftanläggningseffektivitet och kostnad. Målet med detta examensarbete är att utveckla en designmetodik för att beräkna geometrin hos solmottagaren och dess verkningsgrad. Denna designmetodik riktar sig främst till stora kraftverk i området 100 MWe, men även skalbarheten av designmetoden har studerats. Den utvecklade konstruktionsmetoden implementerades i in-house designverktyg devISEcrs som även integrerar andra moduler som modellerar solspegelfält, lagring och kraftblocket för att beräkna den totala kraftverksverkningsgraden.
    [Show full text]
  • The First 5 Years of Estela Report 3 Index
    The FirsT Years oF esTeLa 5 SOLAR POWER FROM EUROPE’S SUN BELT European Solar Thermal Electricity Association soLar ThermaL eLecTriciTY secTor 2007-2011: The reaL UpTake Credits A report by the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association Authors : Luis Crespo, Mariàngels Pérez Latorre, Micaela Fernández, Janis Leung, Elena Dufour, ESTELA Eduardo Garcia Iglesias, Protermosolar Editing : Mariàngels Pérez Latorre, Janis Leung, ESTELA D e s i g n : www.acg-bxl.be P h o t o s : courtesy of Members of ESTELA and Protermosolar Published in February 2012 2 European Solar Thermal inTrodUcTion Electricity Association n February 2007 the 11-MW PS10 power ESTELA commitments and activities in these 5 years focused plant in Seville, Spain, was first connected on helping to build the legal framework that will be applied to the grid. In May 2007 the 64-MW until 2020. Besides its assisting role to the European legisla- Nevada Solar One power plant was con- tive and executive Institutions - Parliament, Council, Commis- nected to the grid. These two important sion, Committee of the Regions, European Investment Bank, milestones represent the renaissance of the ESTELA has provided assessment to national authorities and Solar Thermal Electricity technologies following the long and public institutions in Europe and in other regions of the world. dark STE night since the last SEGS plant was commissioned ESTELA was also one of the main contributors in building and in California in 1991. shaping the Solar Mediterranean Plan and still continues its contribution and suggesting ways for making it happen. The European Solar Thermal Electricity Association, ESTELA, was constituted in July 2007 and since then has been devoted ESTELA has today 60 direct members representing more than to promote the deployment of STE plants in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Concentrated Solar Power
    Concentrated solar power largest CSP Project in the world has been installed in Abu Dhabi, by Masdar.[5] CSP growth is expected to continue at a fast pace. As of January 2014, Spain had a total capacity of 2,204 MW making this country the world leader in CSP. Interest is also notable in North Africa and the Middle East, as well as India and China. The global market has been domi- nated by parabolic-trough plants, which account for 90% of CSP plants.[4] CSP is not to be confused with concentrated photovoltaics (CPV). In CPV, the concentrated sunlight is converted The PS10 Solar Power Plant concentrates sunlight from a field directly to electricity via the photovoltaic effect. of heliostats onto a central solar power tower. 1 History A legend has it that Archimedes used a “burning glass” to concentrate sunlight on the invading Roman fleet and repel them from Syracuse. In 1973 a Greek scientist, Dr. Ioannis Sakkas, curious about whether Archimedes could really have destroyed the Roman fleet in 212 BC, lined up nearly 60 Greek sailors, each holding an oblong mirror tipped to catch the sun’s rays and direct them at a tar-covered plywood silhouette 160 feet away. The ship caught fire after a few minutes; however, historians con- tinue to doubt the Archimedes story.[6] Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in northern San In 1866, Auguste Mouchout used a parabolic trough to Bernardino County, California. produce steam for the first solar steam engine. The first patent for a solar collector was obtained by the Italian Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating Alessandro Battaglia in Genoa, Italy, in 1886.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis Economic Study of Solar Thermal Plant Based on Gas
    Master Thesis Economic Study of Solar Thermal Plant based on Gas Turbines Author: Albert Cabané Fernández Supervisor: Jens Klingmann LTH School of Engineering March 2013 1 Economic Study of Solar Thermal Plant based on Gas Turbines Albert Cabané Fernández Department of Energy Sciences Faculty of Engineering LTH • Lund University • 2013 Department of Energy Sciences Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University P.O. Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden 2 Preface I would like to express my gratitude towards Professor Jens Klingmann and Bengt Sunden, who have initially proposed the idea for this project and has directed me along the way. His experience and guidance are the most important factors contributing to the results presented here. I would also like to acknowledge invaluable the help and insight provided by some of the members of the Energy Sciences department at LTH, such as Majed Sammak and Björn Nyberg, who have helped whenever I needed. I dedicate this work to my mum and my aunt, who have patiently supported me during these 5 years of studies and encouraging me to write and finish this thesis. Finally, I would like to thank both universities involved in my exchange to give me the opportunity of staying these months in Lund, Sweden. It has been one of my best experiences in my life, undoubtedly. Albert Cabané Fernández, March 2013 3 Table of contents 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Framework...................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • DIPLOMARBEIT Concentrated Solar Thermal Power For
    Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/Masterarbeit ist an der Hauptbibliothek der Technischen Universität Wien aufgestellt (http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at). The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology (http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/englweb/). DIPLOMARBEIT Concentrated Solar Thermal Power for Electricity Generation: Cost and Potential Analysis for the Mediterranean Region ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung desakademischen Grades einesDiplom-Ingenieurs unter der Leitungvon Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. ReinhardHaas und Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Gustav Resch am Institut für Elektrische Anlagen und Energiewirtschaft (E373) eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Elektrotechnik undInformationstechnik von Karl Anton Zach Matr. Nr.: 0125509 Waldsiedlung22 2320 Rauchenwarth Wien, im November 2008 II Acknowledgements First of all I want to thank Univ. Prof. Dr. ReinhardHaas, the referee of my thesis, and Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Gustav Resch, both of the Energy Economics Group at the Technical University in Vienna, for guiding andsupporting me in writingthis. But this work wouldnot have been possible without the support of my family andfriends, so I want to take this opportunity to say thank you, especially to: My parents, Helga and Karl, who offered me the opportunity to study at the Technical University of Vienna andfor their backup (andwho also always reminded me - at least weekly - to take the next examination andfinish the study) My grandmother Margareta,
    [Show full text]
  • Showcase of In-Production Solar Power Technologies in Seville Province, Andalusia, Spain
    Sentinel Vision EVT-563 Showcase of in-production solar power technologies in 28 November 2019 Seville province, Andalusia, Spain Sentinel-2 MSI acquired on 11 June 2019 at 11:06:21 UTC Sentinel-1 CSAR IW acquired on 20 October 2019 at 06:26:23 & 18:18:36 UTC Sentinel-2 MSI acquired on 24 October 2019 at 11:10:49 UTC Sentinel-2 MSI acquired on 26 October 2019 at 11:01:41 UTC 3D Layerstack Author(s): Sentinel Vision team, VisioTerra, France - [email protected] Keyword(s): Solar power, renewable energy, climate change, infrastructure, Spain Fig. 1 - S1 (20.10.2019 18:18) - vv,vh,vv colour composite - Numerous photovoltaic and concentrated solar power are located in Andalusia. 2D view Areas in the province of Seville receives at least nine hours of sunshine 320 days per year, with 15 hours per day in mid summer. With 2000 kWh/m2/yr, it is no wonder solar energy has bright perspectives there. Global Horizontal Irradiation Map of Spain - source: SolarGIS GeoModel Solar 2011 / Spain initially had a leading role in the development of solar power. Generous prices for grid connected solar power were offered to encourage the industry. The boom in solar power installations were faster than anticipated and prices for grid connected solar power were not cut to reflect this, leading to a fast but unsustainable boom in installations. Spain would find itself second only to Germany in the world for solar power installed capacity. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the Spanish government drastically cut its subsidies for solar power and capped future increases in capacity at 500 MW per year, with effects upon the industry worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy
    Renewable Energy LET'S GO GREEN! Student's Book Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not. Dr. Seuss, The Lorax Renewable Energy LET'S GO GREEN! Student's Book Mirja Mrovlje Pečnik Polona Petrovčič Amresh Prakash Torul Professional consultant: Stanko Vrščaj April 2013 Contents Unit 1: Energy 4 Unit 6: Hydroelectric Power 60 1. What is energy? 1. How does a hydroelectric power plant 2. Electricity generation in Slovenia and around work? the world 2. Generating methods 3. Inside the power plant Unit 2: Renewable Energy 10 4. Advantages and disadvantages of hydro energy 1. What is renewable energy 5.Learn more 2. Top 10 renewable sources of energy 3. The future of alternative energy Unit 7: Geothermal Energy 72 Unit 3: Carbon Dioxide Footprint 17 1. What is geothermal energy 2. Geothermal heating 3. Geothermal power plants 1. What is a CO2 footprint 2. What is carbon dioxide and what is global 4. Glossary of key words warming? 5. Helsinki’s underground data centre and 3. Calculate your carbon footprint the world’s largest heat pump 4. Carbon footprint reduction 5. Kyoto Protocol Unit 8: Biomass 90 Unit 4: Solar Power 27 What is biomass 1. Learn a few facts about solar energy Unit 9: Waste Management 96 2. How a solar electric power system works 3. Solar PV modules 1. What is waste management 4. Solar thermal energy 2. What can be done (3Rs) 5. Solar power plant on the roof of SŠTS Šiška 3. The waste management concept in 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Charged Electric Farming Tractors
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Solar Charged Electric Farming Tractors Author: Konstantinos Michail Akritidis Supervisor: Dr. Paul Tuohy A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirement of degree in Master of Science in Advanced Mechanical Engineering 2015 Copyright Declaration This thesis is the result of the author’s original research. It has been composed by the author and has not been previously submitted for examination which has led to the award of a degree. The copyright of this thesis belongs to the author under the terms of the United Kingdom Copyright Acts as qualified by University of Strathclyde Regulation 3.50. Due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. Signed: Konstantinos Michail Akritidis Date: 30/8/2015 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my wife, Natalie, for being supportive in this tough year, without her nothing would be possible, my family for all these years of devotion and support and of course Dr. Paul Tuohy for all his guidance and cooperation. I would like to extend my thanks to my classmates and colleagues for making this year more enjoyable. This thesis is devoted to my new-born son Nicolas. 3 Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 3 Table of Figures ............................................................................................................. 7 List of tables ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Small-Scale Solar Central Receiver System Design and Analysis
    SMALL-SCALE SOLAR CENTRAL RECEIVER SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A Thesis presented to the Faculty at California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering By Daniel James Murray June 2012 © 2012 Daniel James Murray ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Small-Scale Solar Central Receiver System Design and Analysis AUTHOR: Daniel James Murray DATE SUBMITTED: June 2012 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Andrew Kean, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jesse Maddren, Professor of Mechanical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Craig Baltimore, Professor of Architectural Engineering iii Abstract Small-Scale Solar Central Receiver Design and Analysis Daniel James Murray This thesis develops an analytical model of a small-scale solar central receiver power plant located at the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California at 35.28° N, 120.66° W. The model is used to analyze typical energy output at any time during the year. The power plant is designed to produce an output of 100 kW electrical power, and is supplemented by the combustion of natural gas. Methodologies for determining the proper size and layout of heliostats, optimal tower height, receiver size, and turbine engine selection are developed. In this specific design, solar shares of up to 73.2% and an annual average of 44% are possible through the use of a gas-solar hybrid microturbine engine. Larger solar shares are not possible due to the limited size of land (about 0.5 acres used for this project) which limits the number of possible heliostat installations.
    [Show full text]