DOCSLIB.ORG

On the Genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda : Tylenchida)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On the Genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda : Tylenchida) On the genus Dilylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nernatoda : Tylenchida) Renaud FORTUNER* Laboratoire de Nématologie, ORSTOM, BP V-51, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. SUMMARY. Several populations of Ditylenchus myceliophagus from Ivory Coast and Upper-Volta were studied for variability of generic and specific taxonomie characters, which was found to be greater than generally accepted.Ditylenchus is redefined ; Chitinotylenchus is considered genus inquirendum; Diptenchus and Safianema are synonymized with Ditylenchus ; Pseudhalenchus is considered a valid genus under Tylenchinae; Pseudhalenchinae is synonymized with Xylenchinae. Ditylenchus geraerti is synonymized with D. myceliophagus. The following new combinations are pro- posed : Ditylenchus indicus for Pseudhalenchus indicus; Ditylenchus acutus for Pseudhalenchus acutus; Ditylenchus khani for Diptenchus indicus; Ditylenchus lutonensis for Safianema lutonense; D. anchilisposomus for S. anchilispo- somum; D. damnatusfor S. damnatum; S. hylobii is transferred backto Pseudhalenchus. Four species are considered species inquirendae :Ditylenchus bacillifer, D. intermedius,D. humuli and D. karakalpakensis. Chitinotylenchus para- gracilis, is considered species incertae sedis. A tabular keyto the validspecies of Ditylenchus is presented. RÉSUMÉ Le genre Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda : Tylenchida) Plusieurs populations deDitylenchus myceliophagus de Côte d’Ivoire et de Haute-Volta ont été étudiées; la varia- bilité des caractkres taxonomiques utilisés aux niveaux générique etspécifique s’est montrée plus grande quegéné- ralement admis. Ditylenchus est redéfini ; Chitinotylenchus est considéré comme genus inquirendum; Diptenchus et Safianema sont synonymisés avecDitylenchus; Pseudhalenchus est considéré comme un genre valideappartenant aux Tylenchinae ; la sous-famille des Pseudhalenchinae est synonymisée avec celle des Tylenchinae.Ditylenchus geraerti est synonymisé avec D. myceliophagus. Les combinaisons nouvelles suivantes sont proposées : Ditylenchus indicus pour Pseudhalenchus indicus; Ditylenchus acutus pour Pseudhalenchus acutus; Ditylenchus khani pour Diptenchus indicus; Ditylenchus lutonensis pour Sa fianema lutonense; D.anchilisposomus pour S. anchilisposomum; D. damnatus for S.darnnatum; S. hylobii est retransféré à Pseudhalenchus. Quatre espèces sont considérées comme species inqui- rendae : Ditylenchus bacillifer, D. intermedius, D. humuli et D. karakalpakensis. Chitinotylenchus paragracilis est considéré species incertae sedis. Une clé tabulaireest présentée pour la détermination desesphces valides de Ditylenchus. Nematodes of the genus Ditylenchus were variable and only a few were constant enough observedfrom diseased ricepanicles inthe to be used for taxonomic purposes. A search of Ivory Coast and it was thought, at first, that the literature revealed that similar variability they might be responsiblefor the poor condition exists in atleast several other species of the of the rice. However, a study of their morphol- genus. ogypermitted their identification as D. Inyce- This led the ahthor to question the validity Ziiphagus Goodey, 1958, a well knownfungus of the species described under Ditylenchus and feeder. also of the genera closely related to this taxon. Duringthese studies, it was observed that As norecent review of thegenus has been manymorphometrical characters were highly published, a tabular Bey to the valid species in * Present Address : Department of Food and Agriculture, Laboratory Services/Nema Lab., 1220 N Street, Sacra- mento, California 95814, U.S.A. Revue Nématol. 5 (1) : 17-38 (1982) 17 R. Fortuner Ditylenchus was constructed,using only the Theobservations were made using a Leitz reliablecharacters. Brzeski (1981) recently Ortholux II microscope at 1 O00 x magnifica- proposeda revised classification of thefamily tion,in bright field microscopyor with an Anguinidae(including Ditylenchus) and his interferencecontrast device of Nomarski. For article was used as a framework forthe present measurement purposes, drawings were made of study. al1 specimens using a drawing attachment or a AnguininaeParamonov, 1962was raised to cameralucida, both systems set to give an familyrank by Siddiqi (1971) andto super- additional enlargement factor of two. family rank by Siddiqi(1980b). The status of thisgroup will not bediscussed here andits lowest rank (Anguininae) 'will be used. Results OBSERVATIONSMADE ON THE SPECIMENS Materials and Methods Table 1 (females) presents,for the four samples observed,the body length, stylet length, dis- Thestudied specimens were obtainedfrom tancefrom anterior end to hemizonid and to the localitiesfollowing : , excretorypore, length of oesophagus (tothe Sample 1 - Thirty females and twenty males oesophage-intestinal junction and to the end of fromupland ricepanicles (cv.Iguape Cateto) glands),length of tail,anal and vulval body sent in1976 by A. Pouzet (ORSTOM agronomist) from A.V.B. (Autorité pour l'Aménagement de diameters, distance from head to vulva, length of anterior genital branch and of post uterine la Vallée duBandama) fields atFitabro 1 sac(P.U.S.), and distance between vulva and (bloc C, plot 7.04), in the Ivory Coast. anus. Table 2 presents the same characters for Sample 2 - Sixindividuals from sample 1 were inoculated into a test tube containing the males in samples 1, 2 and 4, with bursa, testis, spiculeand gubernaculum lengths in place of fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. on the female genital characters. For every charac- potato-dextroseagar. After three weeks, the ter, the meanis given with itsconfidence interval tube wasfound ta contain 120specimens of Ditylenchus of whichfifteen females and eight (i = $ ) therange and the coeRcient of males were selected for morphological studies. Sample 3 - Six females from an A.V.B. field variability. at Assakra 1, a village close to Fitabro 1. Figure 1 presents graphically the correlations Sample 4 - Nine females and five males from betweenthe constituents of the usualratios soil aroundroots of sugarmne at Banfora (a, b, c, c', and V) and post-uterine sac length (Upper-Volt,a) in the SOSUHV (Société Sucrière in relation to vulva-anus distancefor the females de Haute-Volta) fieldscollected by P. Cadet. in samples 1 + 2. Some morphological features Twofemales and one male were also observed are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. fromforest soilfrom Taïforest, in the Ivory Coast. DISCUSSIONON THE VARIABILITY OF SOME, The specimens wereBilled by FP 4:l (Netscher MORPHOMETRICAL CHARACTERS & Seinhorst, 1969), fixed in 4% formaldehyde and mounted in glycerin on Cobb slides. Orcein General morphology wasadded during the mounting process for coloring the nematodes. A few individuals from Habitus. In the present specimens, the body sample 2 were observed in pure water, just after was almost straight or slighly C-shaped, usually beingkilled bygentle heat, ta observesome wit.h a bend located in the vicinity of the vulva inconspicuousfeatures (median oesophageal (Fig. 2 A, B). bulb valve for instance). Some females were also Body length. Thebody length was highly observed in cross-section in glycerin. variable (Tab.1) ; it ranged from 600to 1 200 prn -. -. - . - __ .- . - .~. - - ~ - . - _.. _- 18 Revue Nématol. 5 (1) : 17-38 (1982) Genus Ditylenchus . ... 1001 I.1 500 y = 13 X +41 r = 0.7730 - 5'0 9'0 T c VA1 1OOC 100 500 50 Db 20 r = 0.7833 Fig. 1. Ditylenchus myceliophagus. Graphic representation of ratios a, b, c, CI, V, and post-uterine sac in relation to vulva-anus distance andto body diameter. L : body length ; Dv : body diameter at levelof vulva ; œ : length of oesophagus ; T : tail length ; HV : head to vulva distance ; VAN : vulva to anus distance; Da : body diameter at level of anus ; PUS : length of post-uterine sac ; y = f(x): equation of the regression lines ; r = coescient of correlation (n = 45 ; r significant above 0.380 at 1y0 level). in sample 1, 700 to 1 400 pm in sample 4, with size might also be caused by different ecological meanvalues of 800-850 pm. Sample 3 was environment,individuals fromrainforest (Taï) smaller,with a mean value of only 546 Pm. being slnaller (400 and 575 pm) than those from Brzeski (1967) andEvans and Fisher (1970) have savanna regions (A.V.B. fields and Upper-Volta, shown that the body lengtb of D.rnyceliophagus samples 1 to 4). depends on the food supply and the nature of Bodydiameter. Thebody diameter also had thefungus on wbich it feeds.Hesling (1974) ahigh variability in the present specimens gave a range for body length inD. myceliophagus (Tab. 1).Brzeski (1967) observed no statistical of 600-1 380 Pm.Goodey (1952), Thorneand difference in width in specimens of D. mycelio- Allen (1959), and Wu (1960b) observed that in plzagus but itshould be noted that he measured D. destructor thebody length varies greatly this character only at pharynx and anus levels. depending on the plant host. Differences in body Goodey (1952), whileobserving thatin, D. Revue Nématol. Revue 5 (1) : 17-38 (1982) 19 R. Fortuner Revue Ném.atol. 5 (1) : 17-38 (1992) Genus Ditylenchus destrucfor generallythe longer the worm, the specimens, almost invisible in most of the body, fatter it is, reported some variation related to more marked just below the lip region. thehost. A population from mint was of the Phasmids. Phasmids were not observed in the same length but much slimmer than a popula- present specimens asis generally the case in tion from potato. Difylenchus and the Anguininae. Phasmids were Ratio“a”. Thecorrelation of thetwo con- reportedin D. nortorzi andin the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nematode, Ditylenchus, Stem and Bulb, Meloidogyne, Root Knot
    BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF STEM AND ROOT KNOT NEMATODES r Becky B. Westerdahl1 Abstract: Plant parasitic nematodes are nonsegmented-microscopic roundworms which are frequently present in alfalfa fields. Although more than 10 different genera have been found in alfalfa fields in California, two (stem and bulb, and root knot) are most commonly associated with damage. A management plan to fit a particular growing situation should be developed using a combination of techniques including: planting site selection, certified seed, clean equipment, weed and irrigation management, resistant varieties, crop rotation, fallow, organic amendments and chemical nematicides. Ke~words nematode, Ditylenchus, stem and bulb, Meloidogyne, root knot, INTRODUCTION Plant parasitic nematodes are nonsegmented-microscopic roundworms which are frequently present in alfalfa fields. Whether or not alfalfa is to be planted in a nematode infested area, a grower should be knowledgeable about nematodes. If nematodes are present, both pre and postplant management strategies should be developed for pathogenic species. If an alfalfa field or a potential planting site is not infested, a grower should be aware of techniques available to prevent the introduction of harmful species. For growers to carry on a nematode pest management program they need to be familiar with (1) nematode biology; (2) symptoms and signs of nematode f damage; (3) how nematodes injure plants; (4) how to sample for nematodes; and (5) the principles underlying various management techniques including: planting site selection, the use of certified seed, the importance of using clean equipment and irrigation water, weed management, the use of resistant varieties, crop rotation, fallow, organic amendments, and chemical nematicides.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Ditylenchus Destructorthorne, 1945 on a Sand
    Journal of Plant Protection Research ISSN 1427-4345 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Occurrence of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945 on a sand dune of the Baltic Sea Renata Dobosz1*, Katarzyna Rybarczyk-Mydłowska2, Grażyna Winiszewska2 1 Entomology and Animal Pests, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland 2 Nematological Diagnostic and Training Centre, Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Vol. 60, No. 1: 31–40, 2020 Abstract DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.132206 Ditylenchus destructor is a serious pest of numerous economically important plants world- wide. The population of this nematode species was isolated from the root zone of Ammo- Received: July 11, 2019 phila arenaria on a Baltic Sea sand dune. This population’s morphological and morphomet- Accepted: September 27, 2019 rical characteristics corresponded to D. destructor data provided so far, except for the stylet knobs’ height (2.1–2.9 vs 1.3–1.8) and their arrangement (laterally vs slightly posteriorly *Corresponding address: sloping), the length of a hyaline part on the tail end (0.8–1.8 vs 1–2.9), the pharyngeal gland [email protected] arrangement in relation to the intestine (dorsal or ventral vs dorsal, ventral or lateral) and the appearance of vulval lips (smooth vs annulated). Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identity of D. destructor from a coastal dune. Keywords: Ammophila arenaria, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), potato rot nematode, 18S, 28S rDNA Introduction Nematodes from the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936, arachis Zhang et al., 2014, both of which are pests of are found in soil, in the root zone of arable and wild- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Ditylenchus destruc- -growing plants, and occasionally in the tissues of un- tor Thorne, 1945 which feeds on potato (Solanum tu- derground or aboveground parts (Brzeski 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Compost Mesofauna and Its Potential As an Indicator of the Composting Process Status
    ® Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant ©2011 Global Science Books Biodiversity of Compost Mesofauna and its Potential as an Indicator of the Composting Process Status Hanne Steel* • Wim Bert Nematology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT One of the key issues in compost research is to assess the quality and maturity of the compost. Biological parameters, especially based on mesofauna, have multiple advantages for monitoring a given system. The mesofauna of compost includes Isopoda, Myriapoda, Acari, Collembola, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Hexapoda, and Nematoda. This wide spectrum of organisms forms a complex and rapidly changing community. Up to the present, none of the dynamics, in relation to the composting process, of these taxa have been thoroughly investigated. However, from the mesofauna, only nematodes possess the necessary attributes to be potentially useful ecological indicators in compost. They occur in any compost pile that is investigated and in virtually all stages of the compost process. Compost nematodes can be placed into at least three functional or trophic groups. They occupy key positions in the compost food web and have a rapid respond to changes in the microbial activity that is translated in the proportion of functional (feeding) groups within a nematode community. Further- more, there is a clear relationship between structure and function: the feeding behavior is easily deduced from the structure of the mouth cavity and pharynx. Thus, evaluation and interpretation of the abundance and function of nematode faunal assemblages or community structures offers an in situ assessment of the compost process.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Copy Alpha-Amylase Genes Are Crucial for Ditylenchus Destructor to Parasitize the Plant Host
    PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Multi-copy alpha-amylase genes are crucial for Ditylenchus destructor to parasitize the plant host Ling ChenID, Mengci Xu, Chunxiao Wang, Jinshui Zheng, Guoqiang Huang, Feng Chen, Donghai Peng, Ming Sun* State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Ditylenchus destructor is a migratory plant-parasitic nematode that causes huge damage to global root and tuber production annually. The main plant hosts of D. destructor contain plenty of starch, which makes the parasitic environment of D. destructor to be different from OPEN ACCESS those of most other plant-parasitic nematodes. It is speculated that D. destructor may harbor Citation: Chen L, Xu M, Wang C, Zheng J, Huang some unique pathogenesis-related genes to parasitize the starch-rich hosts. Herein, we G, Chen F, et al. (2020) Multi-copy alpha-amylase focused on the multi-copy alpha-amylase genes in D. destructor, which encode a key genes are crucial for Ditylenchus destructor to parasitize the plant host. PLoS ONE 15(10): starch-catalyzing enzyme. Our previously published D. destructor genome showed that it e0240805. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. has three alpha-amylase encoding genes, Dd_02440, Dd_11154, and Dd_13225. Compar- pone.0240805 ative analysis of alpha-amylases from different species demonstrated that the other plant- Editor: Sumita Acharjee, Assam Agricultural parasitic nematodes, even Ditylenchus dipsaci in the same genus, harbor only one or no University Faculty of Agriculture, INDIA alpha-amylase gene, and the three genes from D.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on the Genus Doronchus Andrássy
    Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.91-98 International Journal of Nematology June, 2010 Occurrence and distribution of nematodes in Idaho crops Saad L. Hafez*, P. Sundararaj*, Zafar A. Handoo** and M. Rafiq Siddiqi*** *University of Idaho, 29603 U of I Lane, Parma, Idaho 83660, USA **USDA-ARS-Nematology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA ***Nematode Taxonomy Laboratory, 24 Brantwood Road, Luton, LU1 1JJ, England, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Surveys were conducted in Idaho, USA during the 2000-2006 cropping seasons to study the occurrence, population density, host association and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with major crops, grasses and weeds. Eighty-four species and 43 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were recorded in soil samples from 29 crops in 20 counties in Idaho. Among them, 36 species are new records in this region. The highest number of species belonged to the genus Pratylenchus; P. neglectus was the predominant species among all species of the identified genera. Among the endoparasitic nematodes, the highest percentage of occurrence was Pratylenchus (29.7) followed by Meloidogyne (4.4) and Heterodera (3.4). Among the ectoparasitic nematodes, Helicotylenchus was predominant (8.3) followed by Mesocriconema (5.0) and Tylenchorhynchus (4.8). Keywords. Distribution, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Idaho, Meloidogyne, Mesocriconema, population density, potato, Pratylenchus, survey, Tylenchorhynchus, USA. INTRODUCTION and cropping systems in Idaho are highly conducive for nematode multiplication. Information concerning the revious reports have described the association of occurrence and distribution of nematodes in Idaho is plant-parasitic nematode species associated with important to assess their potential to cause economic damage P several crops in the Pacific Northwest (Golden et al., to many crop plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ditylenchus Dipsaci, from Eastern Canada
    Host range and genetic characterization of the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, from Eastern Canada By Sandra Poirier Student ID: 260751029 Department of Plant Science McGill University Montreal Quebec, Canada October 2018 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master in Plant Science © Sandra Poirier 2018 Table of content List of figures ...................................................................................................................... 4 List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 6 Résumé ................................................................................................................................ 8 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 10 Contribution of Authors .................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Literature review ............................................................................................. 14 2.1. Ditylenchus dipsaci ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Strasbourg, 22 May 2002
    Strasbourg, 3 July 2015 T-PVS/Inf (2015) 17 [Inf17e_2015.docx] CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS Standing Committee 35th meeting Strasbourg, 1-4 December 2015 GROUP OF EXPERTS ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES 4-5 June 2015 Triglav National Park, Slovenia - NATIONAL REPORTS - Compilation prepared by the Directorate of Democratic Governance / The reports are being circulated in the form and the languages in which they were received by the Secretariat. This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. T-PVS/Inf (2015) 17 - 2 – CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE __________ 1. Armenia / Arménie 2. Austria / Autriche 3. Azerbaijan / Azerbaïdjan 4. Belgium / Belgique 5. Bulgaria / Bulgarie 6. Croatia / Croatie 7. Czech Republic / République tchèque 8. Estonia / Estonie 9. Italy / Italie 10. Liechtenstein / Liechtenstein 11. Malta / Malte 12. Republic of Moldova / République de Moldova 13. Norway / Norvège 14. Poland / Pologne 15. Portugal / Portugal 16. Serbia / Serbie 17. Slovenia / Slovénie 18. Spain / Espagne 19. Sweden / Suède 20. Switzerland / Suisse 21. Ukraine / Ukraine - 3 - T-PVS/Inf (2015) 17 ARMENIA / ARMÉNIE NATIONAL REPORT OF REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA Presented report includes information about the invasive species included in the 5th National Report of Republic of Armenia (2015) of the UN Convention of Biodiversity, estimation works of invasive and expansive flora and fauna species spread in Armenia in recent years, the analysis of the impact of alien flora and fauna species on the natural ecosystems of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the information concluded in the work "Invasive and expansive flora species of Armenia" published by the Institute of Botany of NAS at 2014 based on the results of the studies done in the scope of the scientific thematic state projects of the Institute of Botany of NAS in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Trade on Distribution of Potato Rot Nematode (Ditylenchus Destructor) and Other Plant Nematodes
    Agronomy Research 10 (1–2), 319–328, 2012 Impact of trade on distribution of potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) and other plant nematodes E. Kruus Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Scarce status reports give but little substance for convincing conclusions about the gravity of the current problem with the potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne 1945). This paper reviews the international experience and presents the survey of the most recent plant nematode interception reports by member states of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Factors influencing the distribution and invasiveness of the species are discussed. The majority of the nematode infestations were identified in consignments of bonsai or aquarium plants, originating predominantly from Asia via Western European countries. Potatoes were the most frequent nematode pathways as detected by Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe. D. destructor has been among the ten best recognised phytonematodes in the international plant trade, even though it was present only in about 3% of the nematode-related interceptions of potato lots. Seed potato has been found contaminated with Potato Cyst Nematodes on several occasions, whereas latent potato rot nematode infestation in ware potato or ornamental plants may easily be overlooked. Special research programs, including the comparative population genetic analyses are necessary to establish the natural and introduced distribution of D. destructor and substantiate creating pest free areas. Key words: plant health, invasion, phytosanitary measures INTRODUCTION Potato rot nematode Ditylenchus destructor Thorne 1945has resulted in serious economic consequences in Eastern European potato production.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Species Compendium Detailed Coverage of Invasive Species Threatening Livelihoods and the Environment Worldwide
    () Invasive Species Compendium Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide Filter by type Search Datasheet Additional resources (datasheet/additionalresources/6381? scientificName=Aphelenchoides%20fragariae) Aphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) Toolbox Invasives Open Data (https://ckan.cabi.org/data/) Horizon Scanning Tool (https://www.cabi.org/HorizonScanningTool) Mobile Apps (https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=8227528954463674373&hl=en_GB) Country Pest Alerts (https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/pestalert/signup) Datasheet Aphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) Index Identity (datasheet/6381#toidentity) Taxonomic Tree (datasheet/6381#totaxonomicTree) Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature (datasheet/6381#tonotesOnTaxonomyAndNomenclature) Description (datasheet/6381#todescription) Distribution Table (datasheet/6381#todistributionTable) / Risk of Introduction (datasheet/6381#toriskOfIntroduction) Hosts/Species Affected (datasheet/6381#tohostsOrSpeciesAffected) Host Plants and Other Plants Affected (datasheet/6381#tohostPlants) Growth Stages (datasheet/6381#togrowthStages) Symptoms (datasheet/6381#tosymptoms) List of Symptoms/Signs (datasheet/6381#tosymptomsOrSigns) Biology and Ecology (datasheet/6381#tobiologyAndEcology) Natural enemies (datasheet/6381#tonaturalEnemies) Pathway Vectors (datasheet/6381#topathwayVectors) Plant Trade (datasheet/6381#toplantTrade) Impact (datasheet/6381#toimpact) Detection and Inspection (datasheet/6381#todetectionAndInspection)
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Orthologous Genes Between Anguina Tritici, Ditylenchus Destructor and Meloidogyne Incognita
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 391-398 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.048 Comparative Analysis of Orthologous Genes between Anguina tritici, Ditylenchus destructor and Meloidogyne incognita Ashish Kumar Singh1,2*, Ila Joshi3, Kuldeep Kumar3, Amit Ahuja1 and Anil Sirohi1 1Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India 2Division of Crop protection, ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi AnusandhanSansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand 263601, India 3ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Nematodes are the most abundant metazoans and highly diverse playing significant Orthologous genes Anguina tritici, role in nutrient recycling, successful bioagent of insect pest and most importantly Ditylenchus yield loss to crop. The model nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) was first nematode destructor and which genome sequenced in 1998 and given impetus for future endeavor to generate Meloidogyne genomic information for other nematodes particularly for PPNs. Comparative incognita genomics is one of the approaches to predict the genes shared with different species Article Info and also to unravel the genes unique and novel to a particular species. In the present Accepted: study we have used a graph-based method by utilizing
    [Show full text]
  • The Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial - Sixth Report
    THE WISCONSIN INTEGRATED CROPPING SYSTEMS TRIAL - SIXTH REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Prologue ..................................................... Introduction .................................................... ii MAIN SYSTEMS TRIAL -1996 1 . Arlington Agricultural Research Station - 1996 Agronomic Report . 1 2. Lakeland Agricultural Complex - 1996 Agronomic Report .................. 3 3. Weed Seed Bank Changes: 1990 To 1996 ............................ 9 4. Monitoring Fall Nitrates in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial . 18 5. WICST Intensive Rotational Grazing of Dairy Heifers .................... 26 6. Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial Economic Analysis - 1996 ...... 32 WICST SATELLITE TRIALS - 1996 8. Cropping System Three Chemlite Satellite Trial - Arlington, 1995 and 1996 .... 35 9. Corn Response to Commercial Fertilizer in a Low Input Cash Grain System ..... 36 10. WICST On-Farm Cover Crop Research .............................. 38 11 . Summer Seeded Cover Crops - Phase 1, 1996 ........................ 43 12. Improving Weed Control Using a Rotary Hoe .......................... 49 WICST SOIL BIODIVERSITY STUDY - 1996 13. Preliminary Report on Developing Sampling Procedures and Biodiversity Indices 53 14. Soil Invertebrates Associated with 1996 Soil Core Sampling and Residue Decomposition . 66 15. Analysis of Soil Macroartropods Associated with Pitfall Traps in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial, 1995 ............................ 71 16. Biodiversity of Pythium and Fusarium from Zea mays in different
    [Show full text]
  • Prioritising Plant-Parasitic Nematode Species Biosecurity Risks Using Self Organising Maps
    Prioritising plant-parasitic nematode species biosecurity risks using self organising maps Sunil K. Singh, Dean R. Paini, Gavin J. Ash & Mike Hodda Biological Invasions ISSN 1387-3547 Volume 16 Number 7 Biol Invasions (2014) 16:1515-1530 DOI 10.1007/s10530-013-0588-7 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Biol Invasions (2014) 16:1515–1530 DOI 10.1007/s10530-013-0588-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Prioritising plant-parasitic nematode species biosecurity risks using self organising maps Sunil K. Singh • Dean R. Paini • Gavin J. Ash • Mike Hodda Received: 25 June 2013 / Accepted: 12 November 2013 / Published online: 17 November 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract The biosecurity risks from many plant- North and Central America, Europe and the Pacific parasitic nematode (PPN) species are poorly known with very similar PPN assemblages to Australia as a and remain a major challenge for identifying poten- whole.
    [Show full text]