VOLVO VISION Z.01 A visual tool for heavy vehicle operators

The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 01 Volvo Vision

The Future Working Environment in Commercial Vehicles Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design Umeå Institute of Design 2014 © Joakim Bergbom [email protected]

02 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 03 Table of contents

03 Abstract 06 Introduction 24 Method 84 Result 116 Time table 116 References 08 Växjö Intro 26 Light 86 Presentation for Volvo CE 10 Field Study 01 28 Light Sources 88 Front View 12 Field Study 02 30 Leading Light Technologies 90 Back View 14 Group Research & Analysis 32 Regulations & Requirements 92 Active / Idle Mode 16 Focus 34 History of Head Lights 94 Functions 18 Problem Analysis 36 Adaptive Front System 96 Design Details 98 Rear Details 20 The Real Need 38 Augumented Reality 100 Assembly 40 Products 22 The Brief 102 Interface 42 Technology 104 Idle Mode 44 Light Concepts 106 Active Mode 46 Light Vehicle Concepts 108 Exterior 48 Worst Case Scenario 110 Service Mode 50 Brainstorming 112 Volvo Vision Z.01 52 Ideation 114 Reflections & Conclusions 54 Concept 01 56 Concept 02 58 Concept 03 60 Product Placement 62 Market Opportunity 64 Volvo CE Forms 66 Volvo CE Colors 68 Form Inspiration 70 Interface Inspiration 72 Field of View 74 Head Sizes 76 Sketching 78 Mockups 80 CAID 82 Physical Model

04 Table of contents The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 05 01. Abstract

Creating a Visual Tool for Volvo CE The project started when my class of APD 2013 went down to Växjö to visit three companies connected to the cluster organization Tunga fordon (Heavy Vehicles). The companies we visited was Volvo CE, Belos and Rottne. At this time we didnt know what the project was about in detail but we knew that the focus was on future operator environments.

Early in the process we worked in teams to pin point areas of interest in all three companies. This was made with creative methods and techniques in order to find relevant problems and/or design opportunities.

One of the areas of interest was problematics with visibility. I found this very interesting regarding the safety aspects and all new technologies that could be used.

My result – Volvo Vision Z.01 solves most of the problems regarding visibility in dark environments. By changing the take on visibility from using strong headlights– to realizing that it is all about light that reaches the eye of the operator I could focus on something else that maybe could solve the problem better.

Volvo Vision is a visual tool that could be used both as a operating tool and a service tool and by digitally filtering the operators vision the customization possibilities are endless.

06 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 07 02. Introduction

Background This project was initiated by Tunga fordon which is a membership organisation with world-leading manufacturers of heavy vehicles such as dumper trucks, wheel loaders, forestry machinery, compacting and paving equipment as well as heavy forklifts. These vehicles are characterised by manufacturing in small series, with advanced technology and a very high degree of customisation.

The masters program, Advanced Product Design at Umeå Institute of design has a strong focus on the User in the design process and thereby is this project going to result in a human centered product in order to make it as relevant as possible.

The initial research is usually fieldstudies where the users are being observed in their usage of the existing product. This is also how we started this project. By having a membership organisation as collaboration partner it is possible to direct the project against a specific brand. It is also possible 20% of all traffic accidents to find solutions that are relevant for with lethal outcome involves several membership brands. heavy vehicles.

We all started to investigate and observe Trafikverket (pub. 2002 tunga three different products and their users; fordon och dödsolyckor) Belos Kärcher (Modular machine), Rottne (harvester) and Volvo CE (wheel loader).

08 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 09 Växjö Intro

Intro days A couple of weeks ahead of the real project start the class of APD 2013 travelled from Umeå south to Växjö for a project kick off together with the cluster organisation Tunga fordon and three of their partner organisations Volvo CE, Belos and Rottne.

Together we visited the companies, listened to presentations, examined their products and asked as much questions as we could. Since we didnt know at this point what problems or design opportunities our project were to focus on we all tried to soak as much information as possible.

As a final to the kick off we did a exercise together with the companies representatives were we tried to summary the problems, solutions, ideas and thoughts that we´ve found during the the days. This was done on large format prints of the company products in order to be able to specify specifik areas of interest easier.

10 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 11 Field Study 01

Volvo wheel loader At the visit at Grus & schackt AB outside Umeå I met Mikael (34 yrs) who has been working with wheel loaders since 12 years back. He is an educated electrician but changed career due to his interest of wheel loaders.

Mikael sees his cabin as his office as he “Where do you spends most of his working hours in it want lights?” and usually it is only him who´s driving it. “– Everywere!“ Therefor he takes good care of the vehicle – Stefan and usually works without his shoes as it Harvester driver makes him more comfortable.

Mikael is enyoing his work daytime but the first thing he did when he got his new wheelloader was to add on to the front lights. He added two Xenon light for day-like light when working in the dark. This seems to be the case with most construction vehicle drivers.

“Most drivers change or add lights to their wheel loader the first “It can never be too much lights” thing they do“

– Mikael Rönnholm, wheel loader driver – Mikael Rönnholm wheel loader driver

12 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 13 Field Study 02 “None of the vehicles are really good, but this one is the least bad“

Construction in darkness – Mathias Nordbrandt crane driver At my visit to Kulturväven construction place in Umeå I talked to Mathias Nordbrandt (28 yrs). He has been working with construction for 6 years. When not working Mathias likes to play computer games and spend time with his friends. “Suddenly people Due to living in Umeå half of the year he is just appear“ working in dark hours and mostly in closed areas as construction places.

Mathias has modified his lights on the vehicle in order to be able to see better and also make him more visible for his co- workers. He would like to add on even more lights to the vehicle but it is also a matter of what the vehicles fuses can handle. Not wearing The visibility from Mathias position is limited helmets in by the vehicle architecture since the a-pillars cabin are holding the cabin in place and the crane itself is mounted on the side of the cabin. This makes it difficult for Mathias to have a good overview around the vehicle.

14 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 15 Group Research & Analysis

Social Visual Diagram Together in groups we covered a day in the life of three personas we made according to the three companies we worked together with.

By trying to map out the details of each hour of the day of the vehicle operator we could further investigate what issues and problematics he could be exposed to.

Roleplay In the same groups we then also decided on a problem / solution and tried to make fast mockups and explain the idea in roleplays. We got 24h of preparation for the play which we then showed our fellow classmates for feedback and sharing thoughts.

16 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 17 Focus

Visibility The problem areas which I found interesting during our observations and analysis phase was regarding the visibility off all the heavy vehicles.

It is difficult to remain good visuals with the environment when operating the vehicle and when darkness falls it could sometimes be impossible to be aware of the surroundings.

One sign of bad visuals is that it is impossible for the driver to see the edge of the bucket when operating. therefor he uses a special tool for distance calculating to the ground.

18 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 19 Problem Analysis

01

02 01. Lights 02. User 03. Interface 04. Hazard 05. Environment – Standard Lights – Bad lighting – Driver have to flashers –Strong light blind 03 not sufficient conditions affects move focus to – Signal lights is pedestrians – Driver have to driver; neck-, back-, change light unclear – strong light blind 04 complement lights head- ache, lack of – Interface could be – Always same other drivers – Strong lights could sight simplified amount – strong light could 05 reflect on driver – Pillars in way of – Settings lack – No directional disturb in suburban – Lights are full or sight flexibility warning areas nothing – Mirrors in way of – Orange color – Weak light – Driver have to get sight mostly used (due could endanger out to change light – Tools in way of regulations) pedestrians direction sight – Weak light could – Lights are fixed – Reflections endanger other – Impossible to see drivers 360° – Difficult to evaluate – Bad light condition distance affects drivers – Difficult to evaluate alertness speed – Strong light can cause “whiteout“ – Eye strain – Stress – Tension – Tiredness – Fall off machine

20 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 21 The Real Need

Enhance / decrease light Most of the problems regarding visibility is connected to light. If the environment is to dark it is impossible to see anything. But if there are to much light the risk of getting blinded is big. By beeing able to control the amount of light hitting the operators eye maybe an alternative to blinding headlights could be implemented. Enhance / decrease light

22 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 23 The Brief The future 01. Need 02. Goals 03. Wishes 04. Main 05. Needed 06. Wanted 07. Unwanted working – Safety – Increase visibility – Improve visibility of function functions functions functions environment for driver. vehicle. – Provide better – Enhance visibility – Enable driver – Blinding driver in commercial – Explore what – Implement new visibility for driver – Enable operation comfort – Blinding co- vehicles. technology could technology. – Provide control – Exeed drivers workers be implemented – Introduce new expectations – Blinding other – How to Increase to increase drivers combinations of light – Enable flexibility vehicles visibility for driver awareness of technology. – Enable – Blinding whilst operating surrounding – Not present ready customization pedestrians in darkness? – Learn about for market solution – Make intuitive – Disturbing light and how to – Create wow- effect – Enable driver to environment implement it for – Push the envelope stay in cabin (to fix different purposes. – Make relevant lights) – Allow driver to feel calm – Provide control – Signal movement

24 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 25 02. Method

What Is Light?

26 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 27 Light

Visible light is viewed by the Color Lumen Reflection Visible light cones. However temperature Lumen (symbol: lm) Reflection is the (High frequency) (Long wavelength) (commonly referred the US submarine The color is the SI derived unit change in direction to simply as light) force ceased using temperature of of luminous flux, a of a wavefront at an Y rays X rays UV IR Microwave FM AM Long radio waves is electromagnetic red lighting for night a light source is measure of the total interface between radiation that adaptation after the temperature “amount” of visible two different media is visible to the studies found little of an ideal black light emitted by a so that the wavefront human eye, and significant advantage body radiator that source. returns into the is responsible for of using low level radiates light of medium from which the sense of sight. red over low level comparable hue Optics it originated.The law Visible Spectrum Visible light is usually white lighting. Many to that of the light The study of light of reflection says defined as having animals have a source. In practice, and the interaction that for specular a wavelength in tissue layer called is of light and matter reflection the angle Color temperature the range of 400 the tapetum lucidum only meaningful for is termed optics. at which the wave nanometres (nm), in the back of the light sources that do Refraction is the is incident on the 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 5000 5500 6000 6500 <10500 <27000 (K) or 400×10−9 m, to eye that reflects light in fact correspond bending of light surface equals the Match flame flame, sunset/ sunrise Incadescent lamps Soft (or warm) white compact fluorescent lamps Studio lamps, photofloods etc. Studio “CP” light Moonlight Horizon daylight Tubular fluorescent lamps, CFL´s Vertical daylight, electronic flash Xenon short- Daylight, overcast LCD-, CRT- screen Clear blue poleward sky 700 nanometres back through the somewhat closely to rays when passing angle at which it is – between the retina, increasing the radiation of some through a surface reflected. Mirrors infrared, with longer the amount of black body. between one exhibit specular wavelengths and light available for Color temperature transparent material reflection. the ultraviolet, with it to capture. This is conventionally and another. It is shorter wavelengths. is found in many stated in the described by Snell’s nocturnal animals unit of absolute Law. Night vision and some deep sea temperature, the Rhodopsin in animals, and is the kelvin, having the the human rods cause of eyeshine. unit symbol K. is less sensitive Humans lack a Theories says that to the longer red tapetum lucidum. different color of light wavelengths of Animal’s ability to and light temperture light, so traditionally see in low light levels have specific effects many people use may be similar to on the human body. red light to help what humans see preserve night vision when using first- or as it only slowly perhaps second- depletes the eye’s generation image rhodopsin stores in intensifiers. the rods and instead

28 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 29 Natural Light Sources Man Made Light Sources

Combustion Atmospheric Terrestrial Direct Gas discharge Electric Electro- High-intensity Fire light Bioluminescence chemical Induction lighting powered luminescent discharge lamps diod Acetylene/Carbide Sun Chemoluminescence Fluorescent lamps Cathode ray tube Light-emitting diodes Carbon arc lamps Argand Diffuse sky radiation Hollow cathode lamp (CRT) LEC Ceramic discharge Candle Meteors Triboluminescence Phosphorescence Excimer lamps Incandescent lamps ELsheets metal- halide lamps Lightning Piezoluminescence Neon and argon Halogen lamps EL wires Hydrargyrum Gas Aurorae Earthquake light lamps Xenon flash Field-induced medium-arc iodide Kerosene Čerenkov radiation Annihilation lamp polymer lamps Bremsstrahlung Mercury-vapor lamps Cyclotron radiation Metal halide lamps Oil Synchrotron light Sodium vapor lamps Scintillation Xenon arc lamps

30 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 31 Comparing the leading light Technologies

Halogen Xenon Led Laser Light source: Coiled Light source: Light source: Semi- The best laser diodes are about as effective Filament discharge lamp conductor at turning electricity into light as a store- Light color: 3.200 K Light color: 4000 K Light color: 6000 bought LED, but with one major difference: Lifetime: 300- 1.500 Lifetime: 2.500 h K Lifetime: 10.000- You can pump more than 2,000 times as h Wattage: 35 W 20.000 h much electricity into a laser diode. In theory, Wattage: 55 W Luminous flux: 3200 Wattage: <20w that means per square centimeter, a laser Luminous flux: 3200 lm Luminous flux: diode can produce 2,000 times as much lm Effiency: 90 lm/w 5-500 lm light. Effiency: 25 lm/w Fuel consumption: Effiency: 30-40 lm/w Fuel consumption: Savings in Fuel consumption: It would be possible to take a single point Savings in comparison with Savings in source of light and use it to create a diffuse comparison with halogen ca 25% comparison with glow that seems to be emanating directly halogon ca 25% halogen ca 40% from the materials of a ceiling—or wall, or floor, or of any conceivable shape.

Applications for laser illumination include head lights, IMAX movie theater projectors, televisions and computer monitors, head- mounted displays like Google Glass, and miniaturized “pico” projectors, interior illumination and much more.

15 mW green laser > 8.4 lm

32 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 33 Regulations & Requirements Hazard flashers Large vehicles cab of vehicles. This Intermediate Also called “hazards”, “hazard warning Large vehicles such type of identification side marker flashers”, “hazard warning lights”, “4-way as trucks and buses lamp can also be lamps and flashers”, or simply “flashers”. International are in many cases found on road trains reflectors regulations require vehicles to be equipped required to carry in Australia. US regulations with a control which, when activated, flashes additional lighting require large North ROPS Vehicle Head lights the left and right directional signals, front devices beyond Clearance lamps American vehicles to A ROPS (Roll over Modern head lamps are electrically and rear, all at the same time and in phase. those required on In the US, vehicles be equipped with left Protection System) operated, positioned in pairs, one This function is meant to indicate a hazard passenger vehicles. over 2,032 mm (80 and right amber side is an engineered or two on each side of the front of a such as a vehicle stopped in or near moving The specific inches) wide must marker lights and reinforcement vehicle. A system is required traffic, a disabled vehicle, a vehicle moving requirements vary be equipped with left reflectors mounted installed onto or to produce a low and a high beam, substantially slower than the flow of traffic according to the and right amber front midway between the into a vehicle to which may be achieved either by an such as a truck climbing a steep grade, regulations in force and red rear clear- front and rear side reduce crushing or individual lamp for each function or by a or the presence of stopped or slow traffic where the vehicle is ance lights to indi- markers. deterioration of a single multifunction lamp. High beams ahead on a high speed road. Operation of registered. cate the overall width Rear overtake vehicle cabin during (called "main beams" or "full beams" the hazard flashers must be from a control of the vehicle. These lights a roll over event. or "driving beams" in some countries) independent of the turn signal control, and Identification must be amber at the Until about the It is a practical cast most of their light straight ahead, an audiovisual tell-tale must be provided to lamps front, red at the rear, 1970s in France, preventative safety maximizing seeing distance, but the driver. In vehicles with a separate left In the US, vehicles and mounted as high Spain, Morocco, measure that can producing too much for safe use and right green turn signal tell-tale on the over 2,032 mm (80 as practicable. and possibly other substantially reduce when other vehicles are present on dashboard, both left and right indicators inches) wide must countries, many injury and increase the road. Because there is no special may flash to provide visual indication of the be equipped with End outline commercial vehicles protection of your control of upward light, high beams hazard flashers’ operation. In vehicles with three amber front marker lamp. and some Soviet most valuable asset - also cause backdazzle from fog, rain a single green turn signal tell-tale on the and three red rear UN Regulations road trains from your operator. and snow due to the retroreflection of dashboard, a separate red tell-tale must identification lamps require large vehicles “Sovtransavto” the water droplets. Low beams (called be provided for hazard flasher indication. spaced between 6 to be equipped with had a green light "dipped beams" or "passing beams" in Because the hazard flasher function and 12 inches apart left and right white mounted on the rear FOPS some countries) have stricter control of operates the vehicle’s left and right turn at the center of the front and red rear offside. This could A FOPS (Falling upward light, and direct most of their signals, a left or a right turn signal function front and rear of end outline marker be operated by the Object Protection light downward and either rightward may not be provided while the hazard the vehicle, as high lamps, which serve driver to indicate that System) is an (in right-traffic countries) or leftward (in flashers are operating, although the vehicle as practicable. The a purpose similar it was safe for the engineered left-traffic countries), to provide safe may activate the indicator and return to the front identification to tthe American following vehicle to reinforcement forward visibility without excessive glare hazard flashing phase once the indicator is lamps are typically clearance lamp. overtake. installed onto or into or backdazzle. deactivated. mounted atop the a vehicle to reduce injury and increase operator protection in the case of a falling object (such as a rock or piece of machinery).

34 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 35 History of Headlights

1880 1908 1912 1917 1927 1935 1936 1938 1962 1991 2007 2013 Acetylene lamps Electric lamp Modern lamp Dipping lights Foot- operated Cornering Hidden lamps Fog lamps Halogen HID LED Laser The earliest Peerless made In 1912, Cadillac Cadillacs system In 1927, the foot- Tatra T77a Hidden Fog lamps were new The first halogen High-intensity Light-emitting diodes The headlights of headlamps were the first electric integrated their allowed the light to operated dimmer introduced light with were introduced in for 1938 Cadillacs lamp for vehicle discharge (HID) (LEDs) have been BMW’s “hybrid fueled by acetylene headlamps vehicle’s Delco be dipped with a switch or dip switch cornering function - 1936 on the Cord and their 1954 headlamp use, the systems were undergoing very supercar,” the i8. or oil and were standard in 1908 electrical ignition lever inside the car was introduced and the front had three 810. They were “Autronic Eye” H1, was introduced introduced in 1991s active development uses blue laser introduced in the late which consisted of and lighting system, rather than requiring became the standard headlamps of which mounted in the front system automated in 1962 by a BMW 7-series. since 2004.The first diodes. BMW’s 1880s. Acetylene headlights, sidelights creating the modern the driver to stop and of the century the central unit fenders, which were the selection of high European consortium European and series-production engineers were able lamps were popular and tail lights and vehicle electrical get out. was linked to the smooth until the and low beams. of bulb and Japanese markets LED headlamps were to create a focused because the flame were powered by an system. steering, making lights were cranked headlamp makers. began to prefer HID factory-installed on (but not too focused) was resistant to wind 8 volt battery. it possible to turn out - each with its Shortly thereafter, headlamps, with as the Lexus LS 600h / beam of white and rain. this lamp with the own small dash- headlamps using much as 50% market LS 600h L presented light. Like all lasers steering wheel. mounted crank - by the new light source share in those in 2007 for 2008 re-appropriated the operator. were introduced. markets. models. Low beam, for conventional front position light illumination, these and sidemarker are aimed at a functions are phosphor that performed by LEDs; transforms the high beam and turn blue laser light into signal functions use more diffuse white filament bulbs. light. The result is headlights with such a long working life that they could “easily outlive the automobile” in which they’re installed.

36 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 37 Adaptive Frontlighting System

AFS Adaptive Lighting System is widely explored and implemented in the cars of today. This means the light beam changes depending on driving mode thanks to a camera and processor placed in the windshield and dynamic headlights.

Load Sensors Automatic headlight adjustment depending on load weight and vehicle height.

Steering Headlight adjusting to steering for optimized light all through cornerings.

Weather Automatic light adjustment according to weather.

Speed Automatic light adjustment according to speed. On highways beam are aiming higher and further ahead than in urban environments.

Glare free beam The camera in the windshield notices other vehicles and adapts the light according to them. Not blinding but still keeping good light on the environment.

38 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 39 Augumented Reality

Alternative to Lights Instead of adding light to the environment in order to see, and by doing so also risk to blind yourself and others there are the possibility to adjust your capability to see the environment by filtering the visuals through technology.

By using light sensitive cameras the capability to transform darker environments into daylight scenarios for the operator. Using Face tracking ables the driver to be aware of anyone who moves around the vehicle, heat signature cameras could make it possible to see specific objects through walls or underneath ground level as heat pipes for example.

40 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 41 Products 01 03 05 07 08

01. Ring flash 02. Google glass 03. Petzl Reactive lighting 04. BMW Integrated FLIR 05. Rayzer interior beam 06. Senseg haptic screen 07. 08. Reflective materials 09. Flexible OLED 04 06 09

02

42 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 43 Technology 01 02 04

01. Eye tracking 02. Color E-ink 03. Head light 04. Heat signature camera 05. Laser scanning 06. Augumentation

03

05 06

44 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 45 Light Concepts 01 03 04 06

01. Wireless interaction 02. Light glove optics 03. Transparent OLED lighting 04. Safety zone marking 05. Marking routes 07 06. Modular signalation 07. Light movement in depth 08. Glowing path

05

02 08

46 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 47 Light Vehicle Concepts 01 02

01. Mood by light 02. Accenting form 03. Communicative 04. Decorative ambient

03

04

48 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 49 Worst Case Scenario

Workshop By bringing a group of 4 people together with different backgrounds and expertise, we got new views on the problems and solutions.

Assignment 01 First we gave the task to present the 3 worst case scenarios that they could think of. To their help they hade lego figures, a wheel loader, the context of a construction site and the sound of traffic (later we changed environment to a snowy landscape). By stimulating different senses we wanted the group to more easily put themselves into the scenario.

Assignment 02 After presenting 6 worst case scenarios in the two contexts they got their next assignment; to come up with solutions for their own problems. By having the physical environment at hand at this brainstorm we got the group really engaged.

50 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 51 Brainstorming

Solving problems Now that I had the bigger picture of problematics pretty clear for me I broke it down into smaller pieces and problems and tried to brainstorm on a detail level to see if I could find anything in common which could solve several problems at once.

Lining up all problems in a row and trying to focus on one problem at a time makes it easier to widen my way of thinking.

The result was that a few solutions reaccured several times and seemed to be able to solve more than a few problems. By combining solutions I started to think in terms of concepts.

52 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 53 Ideation

01

02 01. Lights 02. User 03. Interface 04. Hazard 05. Environment – Beam/spot light – Heads up wind – Augumentation flashers – Light areas 03 – Head control shield – Heads up display – Signal system – Communication – Eyetracking – HUD curtain – Radar – Showing Speed system with driver 04 – Dynamic focus – Eyeware HUD – Automatic control – Showing direction – Laser + diffuser for – Dynamic intensity – Helmet vizor HUD – Voice control – Showing mood big areas 05 – Touchpoint areas – Touch control – Light circle around uplit – Switch control vehicle – See through pillars – X- ray vision.

Sorting The concepts I found were then compared with the problem areas I found earlier in the process in order see any patterns of what the result could be.

54 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 55 Concept 01

Central laser based light source My first concept was about having a central Optical fibers lightsource of lasers in the vehicle and using optics to transport different amount of lights around the vehicle were it is needed. Using optical connectors would make it possible to transport light to the bucket for example without having any electronics mounted on sensitive areas. Optical connectors Strengths – Makes it possible to have the light were you want. – Modularity and flexibility increased – A smaller lightsource could be used since BMW i8 reflectors lasers are much stronger than LED´s. – Same light source could be used to create visibility lights as headlights.

Weaknesses – Doesn´t solve problems regarding blinding – Power and heat problems would increase – Alternative to todays lights but result may Optics not increase visibility to much.

56 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 57 Concept 02

Intuitive adjustable working light AFS Creating a specific headlight system in order to increase branding and visibility. Headlights are one of the strongest branding elements on cars today since it´s the first (and sometimes the only) thing you see during darkness. By creating strong visual headlights which also easily could be Brand identity manouvered by the commercial vehicle operator would give the brand a unique selling point in darkness related working areas. Interior products Strengths – Increases the flexibility and capability of drivers having the light were they want. – Enhancing brand Identity – Could partially be automatic (AFS) – Could be post- mounted on vehicle or Eye tracking integrated in vehicle.

Weaknesses – Not able to light up environment without the risk of blinding anyone (the problematics with lights)

58 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 59 Concept 03 (Chosen concept)

Visibility enhancement through Heads up display augumentation Instead of using lights in order to increase the visibility for the driver this concept regarded the possibility to enhance the visual impression by use of technology. By using head up display and augumentation No headlights the visual signals could be modified via infrared cameras, laser scanners, face tracking etc. Which then could be translated onto the operators screen.

Strengths – Using 3d scanning and GPS coordinates Heat signature would make it possible for the driver to watch himself in 3d person view. – Exposure could be modified to increase or decrease light. – Without the need of strong headlights the problem of blinding disappears. –Heat signature would make it easier for the 3D scanning operator to detect individuals moving around the vehicle without having a visual on them. – Software update possibilities are great.

Weaknesses – Will not improve visibility of the vehicle from outside. – If wearable product, user have to wear it HUD glasses – If part of vehicle architecture, screen have to be bigger and filter accuracy will be difficult depending on operators position.

3d person live view

60 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 61 Product Placement

The Unification My three concepts had all strengts which I wanted to combine into one final result. But what was missing was how it should be implemented into the drivers environment.

When looking into the possibility of either integrating the product in the vehicle architecture or placing the product close to the user, I found the final connection between the vehicle and user missing. By creating a bridge between the user and the vehicle a strong bond would be made which Connection between driver would symbolize the unification. and vehicle

Close to Close to user vehicle

62 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 63 Market Opportunity Heavy

Similar products There are a lot of Heads- up products used for different kinds of purposes but I didn´t find anyone which was used in commercial vehicles or professional fields exept for military pilot helmets.

This made me think about how I should visualize the product, I wanted it to be robust since it´s used in a rough environment, but still not too big so it would be in the way of the user. Design opportunity

Simple Technical

Small

64 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 65 Volvo CE Form Dynamic chamfer Romb

DNA In order to design a wearable product that would look like it´s part of the Volvo CE family I needed to study the form elements used in Volvo CE vehicles. What I found was four strong elements widely used on most of their vehicles. These were the dynamic chamfers which flows around the vehicle. The diagonal stripes which usually is used in the vehicle ventilations. The romb which is used as vetilation outline on some vehicles and finally the honeycomb pattern which is used as a grill.

Diagonal stripes Honeycomb pattern

66 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 67 Volvo Colors

Adding color The colors used by Volvo CE is mainly grey, white, black and yellow (which is the key color).

But when you look at Volvo CE concepts and side projects there is often a blue tone which I wanted to add as a accent color. In my project this blue stands for the conceptual part and is used to accentuate the parts which are important.

Grey White Conceptual blue Yellow Black

68 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 69 Form Inspiration Flowing

Physical Expression UNIFORM By interpreting the volvo forms and the inspiration I found during my process I DEFINED created this moodboard to visualize the wanted result with flowing surfaces that still are clearly defined and a expression that is uniform.

70 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 71 Interface Inspiration

Graphic expression By combining images with the right type of graphical signatures and playing with color, opacity and channels this board was the starting point for me when designing the interface for Volvo Vision Z.01.

72 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 73 Field of View

Two Functions In order not to block the users field of view when designing the product I wanted to cover the whole field so there was nothing in the way. By investigating the field of view I found out about the peripheral view which is optimized to react on movement and lights. This could be used as a secondary function if the design would allow it.

Field of focus Peripheral field

74 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 75 Head Sizes

95 percentile Human headsizes varies a lot so I knew that the final result has to be able to modify in size. By following the 95 percentile down to the 5 percentile in headsize I would make sure that most individuals could use the product.

76 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 77 Sketching Goggles Slidable

What kind of product Sketch ideation in order to figure out what kind of product the operator would like to wear without being in the way.

The hard hat is used outside the cabin, maybe it could be combined with new technology.

Best way to wear on head?

Visor

Helmet

78 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 79 Mockup Where to Visor down have pivot point (Following head shape)

Physical sketching How should the movements be in order to be in the way as little as possible. By building fast mockups in paper and cardboard the exploration ended in something following the head shape with two modes – Visor up / Visor down.

too high

Visor up (Peripheral screens)

Smaller movement sliding movement

80 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 81 CAID

Figuring out the details By having the outlines of movement from the mockup building, moodboards and sketches as underlay the details was figured out digitally.

By copying models and trying different versions it is easy to compare one shape to another. This resulted in the final form which then was used in the process of building a physical model.

82 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 83 Physical Model

Efficient model building Using the final CAID model the shape of helmet and visor was milled as positive forms which I sanded to perfection and then used for vacuum forming. Printing and lasercutting the details, masking and Laser cutting painting the parts resulted after two days in Milling details a physical model.

Painting and Sanding, priming and masking more sanding

Final model on Vacuum forming Printing details Paint Exhibition

84 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 85 Volvo Vision How to Increase visibility for drivers which are operating in darkness?

Future working environment of heavy vehicles

86 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 87 Presentation for Volvo CE

Final Presentation After 10 weeks of research, ideation and decision- making the day of presentation was here. After a digital presentation the representatives was welcome to see the physical model and try it out. A poster was made as a complement to the model to explain the details.

88 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 89 Volvo Vision Z.01

Front view Volvo Vision Z.01 is a visual tool available for operators as an aid in their everyday work. Using the Volvo form language connects the Volvo Vision to the rest of the Volvo CE product family.

The dynamic chamfers are used as a surface transition all over the product. The strongest graphical elements, the air intakes and the dark grey surface spanning from the back to the front are elements used on Volvo CE vehicles.

The honeycomb pattern is used as a mesh for a airy feeling when wearing the Volvo Vision and the romb is used as outline on the visor peripheral signal areas. OLED screen Laminated OLED Screen The visor is made out of polycarbonate which is a strong polymer with protective characteristics. But what is not visible at the first glance is that a thin flexible Oled screen is laminated into the polycarbonate visor which functions as the filter to the user for enhanced visual capabilities.

90 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 91 Volvo Vision Z.01

Connection Back The stripes are used as a texture on the cap to give minimum contact with the users head.

The strap is made visible by the high back line of the helmet to increase the lightness to the form and makes it easily accesible to adjust.

The connection point is easily accessible on the top rear of the helmet. By keeping most of the components needed in the vehicle architecture the size of the helmet can be reduced into what is needed for the visor- screen and interface joystick.

Rear air intakes

Adjustable strap

92 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 93 Volvo Vision Z.01

Active / Idle mode When the visor is in active mode (down) the OLED screen starts with full access to all visual enhancments that is connected.

When the visor is in idle mode (up) the periperal signal areas are made active and signals if something is moving close to the vehicle and in which direction.

Peripheral signal area

94 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 95 Volvo Vision Z.01 Perforated center groove (air ventilation)

Magnetic connection In order to make it easy for the operator to connect or disconnect from the connection cord the center groove functions as a guide all the way to the concave surface where it connects.

3D Navigation Interface The navigation interface makes it possible to navigate in the menus, change view, zoom and rotate.

Magnetic Rotating Connection cable

3D Navigation Interface

96 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 97 Volvo Vision Z.01

Light & Robust The design of the helmet is made in two layer ABS plastic which make the helmet feel robust. The chamfers add to the feeling of thickness, but when you wear it you hardly even notice it.

Since the helmet is made out of ABS and the visor in Polycarbonate it functions as a hardhat when working outside the vehicle.

98 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 99 Volvo Vision Z.01

Connection point By having the components used mostly in the vehicle architecture the volume of the helmet can be optimized for lightness.

The connector is magnetic in order to make it simple to connect and disconnect. The sematic concave connector surface makes it simple and fast to connect to the vehicle. Disconnecting is as simple as walking out of the cabin since magnetics release the tension.

100 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 101 Assembly Light stripe

Outer shell

Perforated shell

High gloss frame

Outer shell

Soft chamfer

Head strap

Inner cap (optional)

Ventilation mesh

Front vetilation frame Inner visor

Front logo Processor

OLED display

Outer visor

Adjustment wheel

3D navigation interface

Logo

Ventilation mesh

Rear ventilation frame

Swiveling contact

Connector

Cable

102 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 103 Interface Radar overview 3D Overview The vehicle is centered and the red areas shows the direction and distance to objects nearby. By constantly scanning environment and using GPS the user could get the feeling of looking at himself from 2D person view. This becomes handy when working in smaller or fragiler environments.

104 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 105 Idle Mode Inactive Peripheral warning signal Dark environment Showing direction of object and increases in strength the closer it gets.

106 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 107 Active Mode Exposure enhancement Contour and body signature enhancement Light sensitive camera increases light in environment Sick scanner & Flir cameras enhances silhouettes and contours.

108 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 109 Exterior (Beacon) Vision controlled GPS headlight Beacon Motion lights Laserscanner The roof beacon consists of a laser scanner, Heat sig. camera a GPS antenna and a heat signature camera which constantly scans and updates the environment which then is visualized to the operator.

Headlight By wearing the helmet the user have the Joint sensors possibility to control the headlight by head motion.

Motion lights The four spotlights in each hub makes it easier for others in the environment to read speed, direction and distance to the vehicle. The four lights becoms a circle when the vehicle is going in higher speeds and the perspective of the circle makes the direction easier to read.

Joint sensors In all joints sensors are placed in order to record how the vehicle is moving in order to visualize a detailed image over the vehicle in all positions.

Motion lights

110 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 111 Service Mode

Service mode When leaving the vehicle the operator still could use the helmet as a regular hardhat. Exterior connection Service mode When connecting to the vehicle through an exterior connection the possibility to read vehicle architecture is made. This is the service mode which could be used to localize areas of interest.

112 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 113 VOLVO VISION Z.01 A visual tool for heavy vehicle operators

Seeing is safety.

114 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 115 Reflections & Conclusion

Lights as a starting point I tried a few new aspects during my process in this project. The first new approach was to start with a angle that intrested me at that time. This was partially a way of kicking off the project with energy and partially cause I wanted to learn more about light. By going into the project with a rather niched approach I wanted to reach the point of designing faster.

Struggling with decisions What happened instead was when I reached the conclusion that head light actually wasnt the best way of continuing the project, I had som difficulties to let the idea go. I got stuck in the idea of making a head light project. But when I after some time found enough arguments to feel good about leaving the head lights and focus on the new path I´ve already lost the time I gained in the beginning.

2 days Effective Modelbuilding As part of the course a final physical model has to be built of the result. Regarding the time I had left I wanted to explore how fast I could make physical model with the right amount of detailing. This kind of model is used as a complement to the pictures and makes volume, size and proportion much easier to comprehend. The result was better than expected, by taking fast decisions and planning the model was made in two days from scratch.

116 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 117 04. References

Wikipedia Safety in Volvo CE Interior Lasers Hella (PDF) Arbetsmiljö- Apple Petzl head LED- clothing Eye Tracking 3D scanning Heat signature construction (Quartz) verket lights Camera http://en.wikipedia. Http://www. http://www. http://www. http://led-clothing. http://www. http://www. org/wiki/Headlamp http://www. Volvoce.Com/ http:// hella.com/hella- http://www.av.se/ apple.com/about/ http://www.petzl. com nyteknik.se/nyheter/ youtube.com/ http://www.flir.com/ whitecardonline. dealers/sv- qz.com/146761/ com/assets/ teman/ergonomi/ ergonomics/vision. se/guide it_telekom/allmant/ watch?v=7QrnwoO1- SE/ http://en.wikipedia. com.au/blog/white- se/swecon/ forget-led-bulbs- media_global/TI_ risker/daliga_ html article3791825.ece 8A org/wiki/List_of_ card-construction- partsservice/ the-future-of- Lichttechnik_en.pdf synforhallanden/ light_sources site-safety-articles/ kampanj/pages/ interior-lighting-is- http://www.sick. working-safely-on- belysning-swecon- lasers/ com/group/EN/ http://en.wikipedia. construction-sites- kampanj-rabatt. home/products/ org/wiki/ in-the-dark/ Aspx product_portfolio/ Automotive_lighting optoelectronic_ protective_ http://en.wikipedia. devices/Pages/ org/wiki/Light safetylaserscanners. aspx http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Night_ vision http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Color_ temperature

118 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 119 03. Time Table w.45 w.46 w.47 w.48 w.49 w.50 w.51 w.52 w.01 w.02 w.03 w.04 Intro & user Workshop Writing brief Ideation Prototyping Concept Concept Christmas New year Model making Model making Refinements studies – Debriefing Heavy – Additional research M (25th) tutoring M (02nd) Cintiq M (09th) Sketch / M (16th) Concept M (23rd) piteå M (30th) Kittelfjäll M (06th) Plan M (13th) Ind. M (20th) Ind.tut. Vehicles (HV) and time for writing Fredrik Nilsson (FN) Daniel Sellberg / CAID / Prototyping Refine Model making and tut half days JG model making half – Field study – Team sessions – DL Brief 22th 12.00 Prepare Workshops sketching- evaluation Visualisation T (24th) piteå T (31th) Kittelfjäll presentation modelmaking days JG – Initial contact with – Intro to design – 13.00 debriefing in T (10th) Sketch / Presentation users briefs class T (26th) FN T (03th) Cintiq Daniel CAID / Prototyping T (17th) Concept W (25th) piteå W (01th) Kittelfjäll T (07th) Lecture T (14th) Ind. –Compiling and – Cleaning Holkens Workshop with driver Sellberg sketching- Refine modelmaking - JG tut half days JG T (21th) Ind.tut. prep. research and students? evaluation W (11th) Sketch / Visualisation T (26th) Report T (02th) Kittelfjäll modelmaking model making half presentation collages CAID / Prototyping W (08th) Lecture days JG Presentation and board W (27th) Analyse WS W (04th) Cintiq W (18th) Ind.tut. FN / F (27th) Report F (03nd) Overview modelmaking - JG W (15th) Ind. results and collect all Daniel Sellberg T (12th) Sketch / Concept Refine work tut half days JG W (22nd) ideas. sketching- evaluation CAID / Prototyping Visualisation S (28th) Report T (09th) model modelmaking Presentation S (04rd) Overlook making T (28th) Evaluate T (5th) Ideation F (13th) Sketch / T (19th) Concept S (29th) Kittelfjäll work to be done. T (16th) model T (23th) Internal ideas presentation HV / CAID / Prototyping presentation HV / FN F (10th) model making presentation project prototyping Pre tutoring Johan S (05th) Contemplate making studio F (29th) Plan S (14th) Contemplate Gustavsson (JG) F (17th) Ind.tut. FN prototyping & write F(6th) FN / S (11th) model Presentation F (24th) External report, evaluate prototyping S (15th) Contemplate F (20th) Piteå making presentation, project ideas / Decision on S (18th) Contemplate studio, HV S (07th) concept S (21th) Contemplate S (12th) model S (30th) Contemplate making S (19th) Contemplate S (08th) S (22nd) S (01th) Contemplate Contemplate / decision on three golden concepts.

Deliverbles: class folder w.09 S (23th) february (Intro weeks) PDF: REPORT / PRESENTATION / POSTER

120 The future Working environment in commercial vehicles I Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design I Umeå Institute of design 2014 © I [email protected] 121 The Future Working Environment in Commercial Vehicles Joakim Bergbom MFA Industrial Design Umeå Institute of Design 2014 © Joakim Bergbom [email protected]