DOCSLIB.ORG

Puerto Rico: a People in Struggle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Puerto Rico: a People in Struggle Puerto Rico: A People in Struggle Puerto Rico in Focus Location: An archipelago located in the Caribbean Sea; smallest of the four major Antilles. Population: 3.5 million, with 2.5 million living in the US. Major cities: San Juan (Capital City), Ponce, Mayagiiez, Caguas and Carolina. Government: A colonial administration elected every four years under the provisions of the Organic Act (Law 600) of 1950; a governor and bi-camaral legislature. Unable to make any decisions concerning war or peace, immigration or emigration, commercial treaties, international relations, customs, transportation, maritime trade, money or postal system, forestry or National Parks. Most judicial decisions made by a federal court in which English is the medium of communication. Military importance: Puerto Rico is one of the most militarized regions in the world, the US controls over 50,000 acres of Puerto Rico's most arable land for which it pays nothing. Roosevelt Roads Naval Base constitutes 1/7 of our national territory, there are 11 military bases on the island. Sovereignty: AD sovereign powers lie in the US Congress; Puerto Ricans are drafted into the US army and have fought in every war since World War l,yet enjoy no representation. (The highest form of taxation is the blood tax exacted from a nation's youth); the US war of independence was fought over the issue that taxation without representation is tyranny. Puerto Rico: A People in Struggle Declaration to the International Community Regarding the Crime of Genocide Against the Puerto Rican People Since July 25,1898, when the US militarily occupied the autonomous Contents nation of Puerto Rico, US presence on the island has had as its basis the liquidation of the Puerto Rican EDUCATION: national reality. Towards this end, the A Tool for the Destruction of the National Culture 2 US government has redefined every mechanism at its disposal. To facili- FORCED EMIGRATION: tate this barbaric proposition, the US The Dispersion of the Puerto Rican Nation 3 government has transformed the institutions of education and medicine PUBLIC HEALTH: into genocidal tools to be used against A Weapon for the Decimation of the Puerto Rican Nation 4 our people. The destruction of our natural economy, and the develop- A CALL TO CONSCIENCE, A CALL TO ACTION 6-7 ment of a parasitic one, has resulted in a virtual diaspora for the Puerto Rican REPRESSION: nation. This, coupled with the brutal The Physical Destruction of the Independence Movement and naked aggression against those and the Puerto Rican People 8 who have maintained that the enemy of the Puerto Rican people is US im- perialism, must clearly illustrate that a well-orchestrated genocidal plan EDUCATION: against the Puerto Rican people exists. A Tool for the Destruction of the National Culture Article II of the Convention on the Prevention of the Crime of Genocide, The educational system in are made American and the teach- adopted by the United Nations Gen- Puerto Rico has long been a ers and students are inspired with eral Assembly on December 9,1948 favorite weapon of the colonizer the American spirit.. .the island states that genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy the culture and will become in its sympathies, to destroy, in whole or in part, a na- obscure Puerto Rico's history; views and attitude towards govern- tional, ethnic, racial or religious group: implanting the history of the ment, essentially American. The Killing members of the group; dominating power. The system- Causing serious bodily or mental Puerto Ricans are as yet passive harm to members of the group; atic nature of this plan finds its and plastic.. Their ideals are in our Deliberately inflicting on the group clearest expression in the fol- hands to create and to mold. conditions of life calculated to bring lowing statement by US citizen The disdain for Puerto Rican about its physical destruction in whole or in part; and Victor S. Clark, Commissioner culture and the intention to - Imposing measures intended to of Education of Puerto Rico, in a substitute a bastardized culture prevent births within the group. report to the island's military which would insure tranquility, governor in 1899: If the schools stability and a colonized order Declaration to the International Community Puerto Rico: A People in Struggle on the island became the guid- Civil Air Patrol, Boy Scouts, government also targeted for ing principle of education in Campfire Girls.. .all the curricu- destruction the Institute of Puerto Rico for the next 50 lum content has been designed to Puerto Rican Culture, which years. create in Puerto Ricans a sense of since 1956 had been in the fore- This policy of cultural geno- total identification with the me- front of preserving and enhanc- cide found its most glaring tropolis... ing Puerto Rican art, literature example in the abolition of Realizing that in order to de- and culture. The government Spanish as the language of stroy the Puerto Rican national mandated a halt in all funding instruction and the attempt to reality, it is necessary to first for this independent cultural substitute English as the lan- destroy all centers of cultural center and its absorption into a guage of education, commerce and intellectual resistance, the single government agency of and the courts. The colonial US government directed the arts, recreation and sports. program also revolved around colonial apparatus to destroy This scheme for the destruc- the promotion of US cultural two pillars of Puerto Rican tion of Puerto Rico's culture de- activities, especially the celebra- national consciousness. In the signed by the US imperialists tion of holidays traditional to 1970s, as a result of the 1971 and their colonial counterparts the US, but with no basis within student strike in which students was a central goal in this period, our reality and culture. • seized the university and built in order to exercise hegemony The US acknowledged its barricades all around San Juan, over every aspect of Puerto failure to eradicate the Spanish the government divided the Rican life. They understand that language, on the island, University of Puerto Rico into 9 the flower of Puerto Rico's lib- through administrative reforms scattered campuses to liquidate eration lies within the seed of in 1948, which restored the use the base of student resistance to Puerto Rico's culture. of Spanish in the schools. But to colonialism in San Juan. The this day, education has as its basis the inculcation of the colonizers7 view of Puerto Rico. FORCED EMIGRATION: History books continue to The Dispersion of the Puerto Rican Nation present this distorted image of the country: references to na- tional heroes and patriots are One of the most devastating with a population density of 62 omitted, the "smallness" of impacts of the US' efforts to inhabitants per square mile—to Puerto Rico is emphasized; liquidate the Puerto Rican the barrios of New York—with "history" begins with the inva- national reality has been the 617 people per square mile. This sion of 1898, and "success" is forced dispersal or emigration supposed concern for the equated with values, standards of over two-fifths of the Puerto crowding of the Puerto Rican and norms. Rican people into the urban population did not prevent the Dr. Aida Negron de Mon- centers of the colonizing power. US from taking over 13% of tilla, Puerto Rican educator, Under the pretext that Puerto Rico's arable land for summed up this education for Puerto Rico was too "over- military bases. It became clear Americanization in 1972: The crowded" to sustain its own that the migration was not in 'careful' selection of reading population, the government fact based on any concern for material.. .the promotion of secon- promoted emigration of Puerto the welfare of the Puerto Rican dary-level student organizations— Ricans from their homeland— people, but on US interests. Declaration to the International Community Puerto Rico: A People in Struggle thousands of Cuban exiles and the Mainland: An Uncertain Puerto Ricans in the US North Americans were being future, Puerto Ricans are the (1986-census data) implanted into the island's "poorest of the poor." They 2.5 million; mostly in New population to serve as a have the lowest educational York, New Jersey, Pennsylva- counter-revolutionary force. attainment of any group; the nia and Illinois. As if casting out two-fifths highest drug addiction rate; the • 45.3% of Puerto Ricans in of the population were not highest incidence of mental ill- central cities lived in poverty, enough, the colonial govern- ness, the highest alcoholism compared to 313% of Blacks, ment's total lack of concern for rate; and Puerto Rican women and 11.4% of whites; the emigrated population con- have the highest rate of sterili- • Among children, 59.2% of tinued to manifest itself in the zation of any group in the US. Puerto Ricans lived in pov- infra-human conditions in This is the legacy of colonial- erty; which our people were forced ism for Puerto Ricans in the US • Nearly 89% of Puerto Rican to exist. In cities across the US, who are truly living statehood. children in single parent fami- our people lived in housing A situation which will be exac- lies headed by women lived in unfit for human habitation, erbated as a consequence of poverty; while on the agri-business major demographic changes en- • Nearly 80% of Puerto Rican plantations of the Atlantic visioned as a result of the 2020 youth drop out of school; and seaboard, Puerto Ricans toiled Plan. A plan which calls for the • Puerto Ricans have an unem- in a semi-feudal state.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • February 14, 2018 the Honorable Ricardo Rosselló Governor La
    February 14, 2018 The Honorable Ricardo Rosselló Governor La Fortaleza P.O. Box 9020082 San Juan, PR 00902-0082 Dear Governor Rosselló, I write as president of the American Statistical Association to respectfully urge you to keep Puerto Rico’s statistical agency, El Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Institute of Statistics, PRIS), and its board of directors fully independent. I also draw your attention to the 2,800 individuals—and still growing—who have signed a petition with this same request.1 At this critical historical juncture, Puerto Rico needs accurate, objective, and timely statistics. Government statistics empower the economy, serve the health and welfare of citizens, improve governance, and inform decisions and policies in the public and private sectors, among many other vital functions. Government statistics are also fundamental to evidence-based policymaking, the engagement of which is on a rapid rise in local, state, and federal governments. To address the challenges posed by its decade-long economic recession and the devastation of back-to-back hurricanes, Puerto Rico must chart its path toward sustainable recovery using reputable and reliable data and statistical methods. Because of their broad and profound importance, it is imperative that government statistics be produced through rigorous scientific processes and analyses performed by experts that can function without improper outside influence. Government statistics must be independent, objective, accurate, and timely and be perceived as such. It is just as important to have adequate statistics on a variety of topics. PRIS has demonstrated repeatedly it has the expertise to function independently to produce rigorous, objective, and accurate statistics for the benefit of Puerto Rico and its people.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on the Fuerzas Armadas De Liberación Nacional (FALN)
    Effects and effectiveness of law enforcement intelligence measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study on the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN) Final Report to the Science & Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security August 2012 National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism A Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence Based at the University of Maryland 3300 Symons Hall • College Park, MD 20742 • 301.405.6600 • www.start.umd.edu National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism A Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence About This Report The author of this report is Roberta Belli of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. Questions about this report should be directed to Dr. Belli at [email protected]. This report is part of a series sponsored by the Human Factors/Behavioral Sciences Division, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, in support of the Prevent/Deter program. The goal of this program is to sponsor research that will aid the intelligence and law enforcement communities in identifying potential terrorist threats and support policymakers in developing prevention efforts. This research was supported through Grant Award Number 2 009ST108LR0003 made to the START Consortium and the University of Maryland under principal investigator Gary LaFree. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security or START.
    [Show full text]
  • FALN-Memo.Pdf
    - 0- NAME DATE THERESA MELLON 5-2/-47 TITLE SUPERVISORY ARCHIVES SPECIALIST NAME AND ADDRESS OF DEPOSITORY NARA - Office of Regional Records Services 200 Space Center Drive Lee's Summit, MO 64064 . I The ATTORNEY certifies that he will make satisfactory arrangements with the court reporter for payment of the cost of the transcript. (FRAP 10(b)) ,Method of payment u Funds u CJA Form 21 DATE signature Prepared by courtroom deputy To be completed by Court Reponer and b COURT REPORTER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT forwarded to Court of Appeals. Date order received Estimated completion date Estimated number of pages. Date Signature (Court Reporter) NOTICE -OF APPEAL UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT United States of Arcerica Docket Numwr CR-83--00025 :* 1 b !. -vs- i: Charles P, sigtpp E D*. Julio Xosado, Andres Rosado, (District Cqp(t@&tx'S !:iFF\Lt Ricardo Xomero, Steven Guerra G. S. ~~.-,-RI:~.TcOtlR'T E.D.N-** and Maria Cueto * JUNIS,~* T,pAE A.bJ...@k ?..------------- Maria Cueto p.M ...... --.--- Notice is hereby given that ----appe& to :I ' the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from the & J order Iother 2d (specify 1 entered in this action on (Date) Elizabeth Fink, Esq, (Counsel for Appellant) Feb. 18, 1983 Address Date To : 383 Pearl St. Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201 Phone Number 624-0800 ADD ADDITIONAL PAGE IF NECESSARY BE COMPLETED BY ATTORNEY) TRANSCRIPT INFORMATION - FORM B DESCRIPTION OF PROCEEDINGS FOR WHICH TRANSCRIPT IS QUESTIONNAIRE TRANSCRIPT ORDER 'REQUIRED (INCLUDE DATE). n ordering a transcript Prepare transcript of Dates n not ordering a transcript U Pre-trial proceedings Reason: u rial u Daily copy is available uSentence u U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Almanaque Marc Emery. June, 2009
    CONTENIDOS 2CÁLCULOS ASTRONÓMICOS PARA LOS PRESOS POLÍTICOS PUERTORRIQUEÑOS EN EL AÑO 2009. Jan Susler. 6ENERO. 11 LAS FASES DE LA LUNA EN LA AGRICULTURA TRADICIONAL. José Rivera Rojas. 15 FEBRERO. 19ALIMÉNTATE CON NUESTROS SUPER ALIMENTOS SILVESTRES. María Benedetti. 25MARZO. 30EL SUEÑO DE DON PACO.Minga de Cielos. 37 ABRIL. 42EXTRACTO DE SON CIMARRÓN POR ADOLFINA VILLANUEVA. Edwin Reyes. 46PREDICCIONES Y CONSEJOS. Elsie La Gitana. 49MAYO. 53PUERTO RICO: PARAÍSO TROPICAL DE LOS TRANSGÉNICOS. Carmelo Ruiz Marrero. 57JUNIO. 62PLAZA LAS AMÉRICAS: ENSAMBLAJE DE IMÁGENES EN EL TIEMPO. Javier Román. 69JULIO. 74MACHUCA Y EL MAR. Dulce Yanomamo. 84LISTADO DE ORGANIZACIONES AMBIENTALES EN PUERTO RICO. 87AGOSTO. 1 92SOBRE LA PARTERÍA. ENTREVISTA A VANESSA CALDARI. Carolina Caycedo. 101SEPTIEMBRE. 105USANDO LAS PLANTAS Y LA NATURALEZA PARA POTENCIAR LA REVOLUCIÓN CONSCIENTE DEL PUEBLO.Marc Emery. 110OCTUBRE. 114LA GRAN MENTIRA. ENTREVISTA AL MOVIMIENTO INDÍGENA JÍBARO BORICUA.Canela Romero. 126NOVIEMBRE. 131MAPA CULTURAL DE 81 SOCIEDADES. Inglehart y Welzel. 132INFORMACIÓN Y ESTADÍSTICAS GENERALES DE PUERTO RICO. 136DICIEMBRE. 141LISTADO DE FERIAS, FESTIVALES, FIESTAS, BIENALES Y EVENTOS CULTURALES Y FOLKLÓRICOS EN PUERTO RICO Y EL MUNDO. 145CALENDARIO LUNAR Y DÍAS FESTIVOS PARA PUERTO RICO. 146ÍNDICE DE IMÁGENES. 148MAPA DE PUERTO RICO EN BLANCO PARA ANOTACIONES. 2 3 CÁLCULOS ASTRONÓMICOS PARA LOS PRESOS Febrero: Memorias torrenciales inundarán la isla en el primer aniversario de la captura de POLÍTICOS PUERTORRIQUEÑOS EN EL AÑO 2009 Avelino González Claudio, y en el tercer aniversario de que el FBI allanara los hogares y oficinas de independentistas y agrediera a periodistas que cubrían los eventos. Preparado por Jan Susler exclusivamente para el Almanaque Marc Emery ___________________________________________________________________ Marzo: Se predice lluvias de cartas en apoyo a la petición de libertad bajo palabra por parte de Carlos Alberto Torres.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Politics, Gendered Norms, and the Rt Ansformation of Puerto Rican Identity in the Wet Ntieth Century Cristóbal A
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2014-01-01 Unspoken Prejudice: Racial Politics, Gendered Norms, And The rT ansformation Of Puerto Rican Identity In The weT ntieth Century Cristóbal A. Borges University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Latin American History Commons, Latin American Languages and Societies Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Other French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Borges, Cristóbal A., "Unspoken Prejudice: Racial Politics, Gendered Norms, And The rT ansformation Of Puerto Rican Identity In The wT entieth Century" (2014). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 1590. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/1590 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNSPOKEN PREJUDICE: RACIAL POLITICS, GENDERED NORMS, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF PUERTO RICAN IDENTITY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY CRISTÓBAL A. BORGES Department of History APPROVED: Sandra McGee Deutsch, Ph.D., Chair Jeffrey P. Shepherd, Ph.D. Michael Topp, Ph.D. Marion Rohrleitner, Ph.D. Bess Sirmon-Taylor, Ph.D. Interim Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Cristóbal A. Borges 2014 Dedication Para Julie, Sofía e Ilia. Thank you for all the support. UNSPOKEN PREJUDICE: RACIAL POLITICS, GENDERED NORMS, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF PUERTO RICAN IDENTITY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by CRISTÓBAL A. BORGES, B.A., M.S., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal
    WARFARE IN THE AMERICAN HOMELAND WARFARE IN THE AMERICAN HOMELAND POLICING AND PRISON IN A PENAL DEMOCRACY Edited by Joy James Duke University Press Durham and London 2007 © 2007 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Minion Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Acknowledgments for previously printed material and cred- its for illustrations appear at the end of this book. TO: OGGUN AND OSHUN Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. —THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT, SECTION 1, U.S. CONSTITUTION As a slave, the social phenomenon that engages my whole consciousness is, of course, revolution. —GEORGE JACKSON Contents Preface: The American Archipelago xi Acknowledgments xix Introduction: Violations 3 joy james I. Insurgent Knowledge 1. The Prison Slave as Hegemony’s (Silent) Scandal 23 frank b. wilderson iii 2. Forced Passages 35 dylan rodríguez 3. Sorrow: The Good Soldier and the Good Woman 58 joy james 4. War Within: A Prison Interview 76 dhoruba bin wahad 5. Domestic Warfare: A Dialogue 98 marshall eddie conway 6. Soledad Brother and Blood in My Eye (Excerpts) 122 george jackson 7. The Masked Assassination 140 michel foucault, catherine von bülow, daniel defert translation and introduction by sirène harb 8. A Century of Colonialism: One Hundred Years of Puerto Rican Resistance 161 oscar lópez rivera II.
    [Show full text]
  • A HISTORY of the AMERICAN LEAGUE for PUERTO RICO INDEPENDENCE, 1944-1950 a Thesis by MANUEL A
    TRANSNATIONAL FREEDOM MOVEMENTS: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR PUERTO RICO INDEPENDENCE, 1944-1950 A Thesis by MANUEL ANTONIO GRAJALES, II Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University-Commerce in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2015 TRANSNATIONAL FREEDOM MOVEMENTS: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR PUERTO RICAN INDEPENDENCE, 1944-1950 A Thesis by MANUEL ANTONIO GRAJALES, II Approved by: Advisor: Jessica Brannon-Wranosky Committee: William F. Kuracina Eugene Mark Moreno Head of Department: Judy A. Ford Dean of the College: Salvatore Attardo Dean of Graduate Studies: Arlene Horne iii Copyright © 2015 Manuel Antonio Grajales II iv ABSTRACT TRANSNATIONAL FREEDOM MOVEMENTS: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR PUERTO RICO INDEPENDENCE, 1944-1950 Manuel Grajales, MA Texas A&M University-Commerce, 2015 Advisor: Jessica Brannon-Wranosky, PhD A meeting in 1943 between Puerto Rican nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos and a group of U.S. pacifists initiated a relationship built on shared opposition to global imperialism. The association centered on the status of Puerto Rico as a colonial possession of the United States. The nationalists argued that Puerto Rico the island’s definition as a U.S. possession violated their sovereignty and called for aggressive resistance against the United States after attempting to initiate change through the electoral process in 1930. Campos developed his brand of nationalism through collaborations with independence activists from India and Ireland while a student at Harvard. Despite the Puerto Rican nationalists’ rhetorically aggressive stance against U.S. imperialism, conversation occurred with groups of Americans who disapproved of their country’s imperial objective.
    [Show full text]
  • LANGUAGE and IDENTITY in the CERRO MARAVILLA HEARINGS by Germán Negrón Rivera
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by D-Scholarship@Pitt WHAT DID THEY SAY IN THE HALL OF THE DEAD? LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY IN THE CERRO MARAVILLA HEARINGS by Germán Negrón Rivera B.A. University of Puerto Rico, 1988 M.A. University of Puerto Rico, 1997 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2010 ii UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Germán Negrón Rivera It was defended on April 16, 2010 and approved by Susan Berk-Seligson, Associate Professor, Spanish and Portuguese Department, Vanderbilt University Juan Duchesne Winter, Professor, Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures Barbara Johnstone, Professor, English Department, Carnegie Mellon University Dissertation Advisor: Scott Kiesling, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics ii Copyright © by Germán Negrón Rivera 2010 iii WHAT DID THEY SAY IN THE HALL OF THE DEAD? LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY IN THE CERRO MARAVILLA HEARINGS Germán Negrón Rivera, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2010 Identity has become a major interest for researchers in the areas of linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. Recent understandings of identity emphasize its malleability and fluidity. This conceptualization of identities as malleable comes from the realization that speakers relate strategically to propositions and their interlocutors in order to achieve their communicative goals. This study is an exploration of the (co-)construction of identities in an institutional context, specifically in the Cerro Maravilla hearings. I examine the interactions between the Senate‘s main investigator, Héctor Rivera Cruz, and five witnesses in order to explore how identities were created and how speakers managed the interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Peltier?
    Journal of Anti-Racist Action, Research & Education TURNINGVolume 12 Number 3 Fall 1999THE $2/newsstands TIDE In this issue: Puerto Rico*Shut Down the WTO!*ARA Mumia*Exchange on Zionism*Big Mountain*Police Brutality Free Peltier? People Against Racist Terror*PO Box 1055*Culver City 90232 310-288-5003*ISSN 1082-6491*e-mail: <[email protected]> PART'S Perspective: Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War Released Que Viva Puerto Rico Libre! The forces of liberation and decolonization, and the campaign to free political emerged from prison gates for the first time in as much as 19 years. The campaign prisoners and prisoners of war held by the U.S., have won a tremendous victory. had united even Puerto Ricans who identified with commonwealth and statehood Eleven Puerto Rican political prisoners and prisoners of war were released from U.S. parties behind the demand for freedom for the independentistas. Prior to their release, prisons in September, under a conditional clemency by President Clinton. We must over 100,000 people marched in San Juan to demand that Clinton eliminate the savor the victory, and also deepen our understanding of how it was won and how it unjust and insulting conditions he was placing on their release. can be built on. An ecstatic crowd celebrated the released freedom fighters when they arrived in Edwin Cortes, Elizam Escobar, Ricardo Jimenez, Adolfo Matos, Dylcia Pagan, Puerto Rico. As TTT was going to press, the prisoners were scheduled to appear Alberto Rodriguez, Alicia Rodriguez, Ida Luz Rodriguez, Luis Rosa, Alejandrina together at a rally in Lares on September 23, commemorating the Grito de Lares, the Torres, and Carmen Valentin, were justly welcomed as heroes and patriots by the call for Puerto Rican independence from Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guerilla Tongue": the Politics of Resistance in Puerto Rican Poetry
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 2-2012 The ueG rilla Tongue": The olitP ics of Resistance in Puerto Rican Poetry Natasha Azank University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Azank, Natasha, "The ueG rilla Tongue": The oP litics of Resistance in Puerto Rican Poetry" (2012). Open Access Dissertations. 512. https://doi.org/10.7275/5rm4-z450 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/512 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE GUERILLA TONGUE”: THE POLITICS OF RESISTANCE IN PUERTO RICAN POETRY A Dissertation Presented by NATASHA AZANK Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2012 English © Copyright by Natasha Azank 2012 All Rights Reserved “THE GUERILLA TONGUE”: THE POLITICS OF RESISTANCE IN PUERTO RICAN POETRY A Dissertation Presented by Natasha Azank Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Deborah Carlin, Chair ____________________________________ Rachel Mordecai, Member
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—Senate S10856
    S10856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 10, 2008 This statement summarizes some of my ef- Without going into the issues of position to speak for himself. But by forts to maintain a strong U.S.-Israel rela- politicization, they were rampant dur- analogy to the Gonzales tenure, I think tionship, to strengthen Israel as a key stra- ing the tenure of Attorney General it is imperative we be sure the Attor- tegic partner, and to promote an Israel-Syria peace treaty. Active participation by the Gonzales. I refer to an article, coau- ney General of the United States does Clinton Administration enabled the parties thored by the current chairman of the not bend his views to accommodate his to come very close to an accord in 1995 and committee and myself, which appeared appointer; that the Attorney General 2000. Israel potentially has much to gain if not too long ago in Politico, on Octo- does not bend his views in any way Lebanon is a strong, independent nation ber 28, 2008, where we said in part: which is partisan or political, to serve without undue Syrian influence or Hezbollah The Attorney General must be someone any interest other than the interests of domination. If Syria stopped supporting who deeply appreciates and respects the justice. Hamas, that entity committed to the de- work and commitment of the thousands of struction of Israel, might be sufficiently As noted in the article cited in Polit- men and women who work in the branches weakened to enable the Palestinian Author- ico, where you have the professionals and divisions of the Justice Department, day ity to negotiate a Peace Treaty with Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • GERENA 21 De Enero De 1937 — 3 De Octubre De 2020 February 2, 1972 — September 16, 2020
    FREE/GRATIS October/november 2020 Vol. 17 N• 4 EL BARRIO @PRCC.Chicago @prcc-chgo @jacprcc [email protected] 773-394-4935 @prccchgoOrgYT Flickr PG6 lavozdelpaseoboricua.org NATASHA BROWN CASTRO PRCC Director of Human PRCC Celebrates Services and Housing Initiatives GRITO DE LARES SPEAKS and its LEGACY OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION Inaugurates 3 Public Health Intiatives: • Lisa Isadora Cruz PG9 Trans Empowerment Center PR AGENDA Reflects on 3rd Anniversary Irma & Maria: Redoubles • Ricardo Jiménez Committment to 3Rs for PR Prevention Van • Drs. Virginia Bishop and Helen Rodríguez Trías PG11 Historical and Generational NO A LA ESTADIDAD Trauma Mental Wellness Center EN PUERTO RICO 3 de noviembre See our COMMENTARY & endorsements Boricua/Latino • Vote to Lower Your Taxes: Vote Yes on Fair Tax Amendment On¡Vota! November 3Vote! See page 15 (Continued on page 3) 2 Octobre/noviembre 2020 ABOUT LA VOZ: The most recent manifestation PRCC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ADDRESSES DÍA DE LA RAZA CELEBRANTS IN PILSEN of Puerto Rican journalism in Chicago, La Voz del Paseo Boric- A CALL TO RETHINK COLUMBUS DAY ua proudly continues in the leg- acy of our community’s previous by Roberto Sanabria newspapers. Founded in 2004, La Voz del Paseo Boricua, or Chicagoans simultaneously celebrated two simply ‘La Voz’ as it is affectionately called by our readers, is a divergent holidays on October 12th. While grassroots bilingual periodical published by the Juan Antonio some waved Italian flags and decried the City’s Corretjer Puerto Rican Cultural Center. We report on stories removal of two statues depicting Christopher relevant to our community on a monthly basis, dissemina–ting Columbus, a larger crowd gathered to com- news about local events, programs, resources, and develop- memorate Indigenous Peoples Day – or Día de La Raza, which recognizes this hemisphere’s ments.
    [Show full text]