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Betekenis Van De Methode Van Taguchi Voor Off-Line Kwaliteitscontrole Voor De Bedrijfsmechanisatie

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Betekenis Van De Methode Van Taguchi Voor Off-Line Kwaliteitscontrole Voor De Bedrijfsmechanisatie Betekenis van de methode van Taguchi voor off-line kwaliteitscontrole voor de bedrijfsmechanisatie Citation for published version (APA): Coenen, F. J. (1991). Betekenis van de methode van Taguchi voor off-line kwaliteitscontrole voor de bedrijfsmechanisatie. (TH Eindhoven. Afd. Werktuigbouwkunde, Vakgroep Produktietechnologie : WPB; Vol. WPA1017). Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Document status and date: Gepubliceerd: 01/01/1991 Document Version: Uitgevers PDF, ook bekend als Version of Record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.tue.nl/taverne Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN FACULTEIT DER WERKTUIGBOUWKUNDE VAKGROEP PRODUKTIETECHNOLOGIE EN -AUTOMATISERING (WPA) Betekenis van de methode van Taguchi voor off-line kwaliteitscontrole voor de Bedrijfsmechanisatie. Door: F.J. Coenen WPA-rapportnummer: WPA-1017 Literatuurstudie Afstudeerhoogleraar: Prof.ir. J.M. van Bragt Coach : Ing. J.J.M. Schrauwen Eindhoven, januari 1991 -----------SAMENVATTING----------- SAMENVATTING Off-line kwaliteitscontrole methoden zijn kwaliteit- en kostencontrole aktiviteiten toe­ gepast tijdens de produkt- en procesontwerpfasen. Genichi Taguchi heeft in het begin van de jaren tachtig veel bijgedragen tot een accent verlegging van produkt­ inspeetie (on-line kwaliteitscontrole) naar verbetering van de intrinsieke kwaliteit van een produkt of proces in de ontwerpfase. De door hem ontwikkelde methode voor off-line kwaliteitscontrole tracht het ontwerp ongevoelig te maken voor de diverse faktoren die variatie in de prestatie van een produkt of proces veroorzaken, zonder deze faktoren te controleren. Het is een systematische methode die gebruik maakt van statistische technieken en uit de volgende drie stappen bestaat: systeemontwerp, parameterontwerp en toleratie-ontwerp. De methode wordt wereldwijd routinematig toegepast door grote bedrijven en de resultaten die ermee bereikt worden zijn opzienbarend. De betekenis van deze methode voor de Bedrijfsmechanisatie zal aangegeven wor­ den aan de hand van een beschrijving van de methode en een aantal voorbeelden. Dr. Genichi Taguchi was van 1978 tot 1982 directeur van de Japanese Academy of quality control, en ontving vier maal de Deming Prize. Van 1964 tot 1981 was hij als professor verbonden aan de Aoymagokuin University. Sinds 1981 is hij consu­ lent bij verschillende bedrijven zoals AT&T, Bell Communications Research, Ford, Xerox en andere bedrijven in Amerika, Japan, Taiwan en China. ---------------2--------------- ----------SYMBOLENLlJST ----------- SYMBOLENLlJST A kosten (verlies) voor de gebruiker om een produkt, dat de consumenten tolerantie limieten overschrijdt, te repareren of af te danken B kosten (verlies) voor de producent om een produkt, dat de consumenten tolerantie Iimieten overschrijdt, te repareren voordat het de fabriek verlaat B coefficient in de lineaire regressie vergelijking Ii0 consumententolerantie Ii producententolerantie E[..] verwachting van .. k konstante in de verliesfunktie L(y) de verliesfunktie; verlies (in geld) bij een responswaarde y L het verwachtte verlies m de gemiddelde gewenste waarde n aantal waarnemingen (metingen) SIN signaaljruis-verhouding S2 schatter voor de variantie cl variantie y de responswaarde; prestatiekarakteristiek Yi responswaarde bij waarneming i y, x gemiddelde waarde van y, x ---------------3--------------- ----------INHOUDSOPGAVE---------- INHOUDSOPGAVE SAM ENVATriNG 2 SYM BOLENLlJST 3 1. INLEIDING 5 2. DE METHODE VAN TAGUCHI 8 2.1. Inleiding 8 2.2. De verliesfunktie; tolerantie-ontwerp 11 2.3. Parameterontwerp 14 2.4. Ontwerp van produktieprocessen 18 2.5. Samenvatting 20 3. TOEPASSINGEN VAN DE METHODE VAN TAGUCHI 22 3.1. De methode van Taguchi - wereldwijd 22 3.2. Praktijkvoorbeelden van toepassingen van de methode van Taguchi 24 4. CONCLUSIES 26 L1TERATUURLlJST 29 BIJLAGEN (apart deel, beperkte oplage) 30 Bijlage 1. Tile Experiment 30 Bijlage 2. Heat treatment of leaf springs for trucks 43 Bijlage 3. Macro-quality with micro-money 52 Bijlage 4. Off-line Quality Control in Integrated Circuit Fabrication 59 --------------4-------------- ------------INLEIDING------------ HOOFDSTUK 1: INlEIDING Een produktontwikkelingscyclus bestaat uit drie elkaar overlappende fasen: pro­ duktontwerp, procesontwerp en produktie. In de produktontwerp-fase worden de produkt specificaties (materiaal specificaties, componenten, configuraties en mogelijkheden) vastgelegd. Daarna ontwerpen pro­ cesontwerpers een produktieproces, dit kan een nieuw proces of een modificatie aan een bestaand proces betreffen. De produktie-afdeling gebruikt het produktie­ proces om een zeer groot aantal produktunits te maken die binnen de specificaties vallen. Ondanks dat aile fasen in de produktontwikkelingscyclus de kwaliteit en kosten van een produkt beinvloeden, zijn het de produktontwerp- en procesontwerp-fase die de cruciale rol spelen.[1] Produkt­ Bronnen van variatie ontwikkelings­ fase Omgevings- Produkt- Fabrikage variabelen veroudering variaties Produktontwerp 0 0 0 Procesontwerp X X 0 Produktie X X 0 o maatregelen moge/ijk X maatregelen onmogelijk Tabel 1: Produktontwikkelingsfasen waarbij maatregelen tegen verschillende bronnen van variatie in het produkt ingebouwd kunnen worden. De intrinsieke kwaliteit van een produkt- of procesontwerp wordt naast de creatieve vertaling van een funktionele eis in een technische oplossing vooral bepaald door het gegeven hoe succesvol men is geweest in het minimaliseren van de variatie in produkt- en proceseigenschappen (prestatie-variatie) [2]. De mate van prestatie­ variatie - de mate waarin een produkteigenschap afwijkt van de gewenste waarde ---------------5--------------- ------------INLEIDING------------ gedurende de levensduur, onder verschillende bedrijfsomstandigheden en tussen verschillende produktunits - is dus een belangrijk aspect van de produktkwaliteit [1]. De hoofdoorzaken van de variatie in de produktprestatie zijn: omgevingsvariabelen, produktveroudering en fabrikage-imperfecties. Uit tabel 1 [1] voigt dat maatregelen tegen variaties ten gevolge van omgevingsvariabelen en produktveroudering slechts in de produktontwerp-fase ingebouwd kunnen worden. Kwaliteitscontrole methoden zijn onder te verdelen in twee groepen: - On-line kwaliteitscontrole - Off-line kwaliteitscontrole On-line kwaliteitscontrole methoden worden toegepast tijdens de produktie-fase, en zorgen ervoor dat het produktieproces statistisch onder controle blijft en fabrikage­ imperfeeties in het produkt gereduceerd worden. Ais een probleem ge'identificeerd wordt, worden mogelijke oorzaken geanalyseerd. De gebruikelijke manier om de variatie te reduceren,en de kwaliteit te verbeteren, is het elimineren van de oorza­ ken. On-line kwaliteitscontrole methoden zijn zeer kostbare methoden aangezien de kosten voor detectie en correctie van fabrikage-imperfecties snel toenemen als het produkt door de produktielijn loopt. [1] Off-line kwaliteitscontrole methoden zijn kwaliteit- en kostencontrole activiteiten toe­ gepast tijdens de produkt- en procesontwerp-fasen van de produktontwikkelings­ cyclus. Het doel van off-line kwaliteitscontrole activiteiten is het verbeteren van de maakbaarheid en betrouwbaarheid van produkten, en het verminderen van produkt­ ontwikkel- en levensduurkosten. Off-line kwaliteitscontrole methoden zoals design reviews, sensitivity analyses, prototype tests, accelerated life tests en reliability stu­ dies zijn echter niet zo grondig ontwikkeld en worden niet zo algemeen toegepast als on-line kwaliteitscontrole methoden. [1] Kwaliteit wordt steeds belangrijker, vaak belangrijker dan de prijs, bij het vergroten van het marktaandeel en de winstgevendheid van een bedrijf. het beleid van veel bedrijven blijft echter gericht op het corrigeren van problemen in plaats van het integreren van kwaliteit in het produktontwerp en produktontwikkeling. in de huidige concurrerende markten is kwaliteit aileen niet voldoende; continue kwaliteitsverbe- ---------------6---------------
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