Initial Environmental Examination
May 2014
NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project- Narayan Nagarpalika Town Project
Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 April 2014)
Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 = $0.01028 $1.00 = NPR97.2538
ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.
(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) OF NARAYAN MUNICIPALITY WATER SUPPLY AND
SANITATION SUB - PROJECT (BATCH I, PACKAGE I)
Submitted To: Ministry of Urban Development Government of Nepal Singhdurbar, Kathmandu Submitted By:
Project Management Office Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Panipokhari, Kathmandu
May2014
i
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………….iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Nepali)…………………………………………………...... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (English)………………………………………………………………….....viii A. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1. Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report ...... 1 a. Name of the Proposal ...... 1 b. Name and Address of the Proponent ...... 1 c. Consultant Preparing the Report ...... 1 2. Basis and Extent of the IEE Study...... 1 a. ADB Policy (ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009) ...... 2 b. National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines ...... 3 c. Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study ...... 6 d. Relevancy of the Project ...... 6 e. Approach and Methodology ...... 7 B. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 9 1. Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Situation ...... 9 a. Water SupplySystem ...... 9 b. Sanitation facilities ...... 9 2. Type, Category and Need of the Subproject ...... 10 3. Description of the Subproject / Project Components ...... 10 4. Project Design ...... 13 5. Proposed Schedule for Implementation ...... 14 6. Project Construction Activities ...... 14 7 Project Operation Activities ...... 15 C. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 18 1. Physical Resources ...... 18 a. Topography ...... 18 b. Geology and Soils ...... 19 c. Climate and Rainfall ...... 19 d. Hydrology ...... 19 2. Ecological Resources ...... 20 a. National Park and Protected Area ...... 20 b. Forests ...... 20 c. Aquatic Species ...... 21 3. Social and Cultural Resources ...... 22
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
a. Demography ...... 22 b. Health Facilities ...... 23 c. Educational Facilities ...... 23 d. Physical or Cultural Heritage ...... 23 e. Employment ...... 24 4. Economic Development and Prospects for Growth...... 24 a. Land Use ...... 24 b. Infrastructure ...... 24 c. Economic Characteristics ...... 26 d. Development Organizations ...... 27 e. Major Environmental Problems ...... 28 D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 29 1. Beneficial Impacts ...... 29 a. Construction Phase ...... 29 a. Operation Phase ...... 30 2. Adverse Impacts ...... 31 a. Construction Phase ...... 31 E. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ...... 40 1. System Alternative ...... 40 2. Project Design Alternatives ...... 40 3. Project Site Alternatives ...... 40 4. Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials ...... 41 5. No Project Option ...... 41 F. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 42 G. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 44 H. MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMETN PLAN (EMP) ...... 46 1. Mitigation and Monitoring ...... 46 2. Environmental Procedures and Institutions ...... 51 Monitoring Costs ...... 52 3. Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ...... 52 4. Reporting Procedures ...... 52 Mitigation Costs ...... 53 5. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ...... 54 6. Work Plan ...... 54 I. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 56
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: National Policies, Acts, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 3 Table 2 : Salient Features of Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project ...... 11 Table 3 : Total Water Demand ...... 13 Table 4 : Materials required ...... 14 Table 5: Types of Climate ...... 19 Table 6: List of Mammals ...... 21 Table 7: List of birds ...... 21 Table 8: Population Distribution Ward Wise by Gender ...... 22 Table 9: Ethnic Composition of Dailekh District ...... 23 Table 10: Educational Institutions in Dailekh District ...... 23 Table 11: Cultural and Religious sites in Dailekh District ...... 24 Table 12: Types of Industries in DailekhDistrict ...... 26 Table 13: Cereal Production in Metric Tons ...... 27 Table 14: Minerals found in Dailekh District ...... 27 Table 15: Overview of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures / Dailekh ...... 36 Table 16: Environmental Monitoring Schedule ...... 47 Table 17: Institution Involved in the Proposed Project ...... 51 Table 18: Monitoring Cost ...... 52 Table 19: Tentative Cost of Mitigation for Some Impacts ...... 53 Table 20: Annual cost for EMP ...... 54
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Schematic Layout of Project Components ...... 16 Figure 2: Design Layout of Project Components ...... 17 Figure 3: Location Map of Narayan Municipality, Dailekh District...... 18 Figure 4: Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 45 Figure 5: Implementation schedule of the project ...... 55
ANNEX Annex 1: Approved Terms of Reference Annex 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Annex 3: Public Notice Annex 4: Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka) Annex 5: Recommendation Letters from Concerned Authorities Annex 6: List of Persons Contacted Annex 7: Survey Questionnaire Annex 8: Water Supply Master Plan of Narayan Municipality, Dailkeh District Annex 9: Water Quality Test Report Annex10: Photographs
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank amsl above mean sea level
DDC District Development Committee
DSC Design and Supervision Consultant
DWSS Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMAP Environmental Management Action Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Act
EPR Environmental Protection Rules
GoN Government of Nepal
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
HH Household lpcd litres per capita per day
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
MOUD Ministry of Urban Development
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
NDWQS National Drinking Water Quality Standard
NWSC Nepal Water Supply Corporation
PMO Project Management Office
REA Rapid Environmental Assessment
RP Resettlement Plan
STWSSSP Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
SSTWSSSP Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
TDF Town Development Fund
WUSC Water User and Sanitation Committee
VDC Village Development Committee
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
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Aoj:yfkg of]hgf cg';f/sf] cg'udg of]hgf agfOg] % h;nfO{ lgdf{)f / ;+rfng sfo{sf]
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;'wf/ x'g] % h;n] ubf{ cfof]hgf If]qsf jfl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ cfpg] % . o; cfof]hgfnfO{ plrt tl/sfjf^ sfo{Gjog ul/Pdf / jftfj/)fLo d'@fx?nfO{ ;xL (+un] Jojl:yt ul/Pdf :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx?sf] :jf:Yo / jftfj/)fdf dxTjk")f{ ;'wf/ x'g] b]lvG% . k|f/lDes jftfj/)fLo kl/If)f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf s'/fx? sfo{qmd cjlw leq} ;DkGg ug]{ k|:tfj ul/G% / cg'udg of]hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' clt cfjZos b]lvG% . ctM o; cfof]hgfsf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/)fLo kl/If)fsf] kof{Kt b]lvG% . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu klg prLt b]lvG% .
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Name of the Project : ‘Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project’ Project Proponent : Government of Nepal Ministry of Urban Development Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project Project Management Office, Kathmandu
Background
The Project Management Office (PMO) of Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS) is the proponent of the current project. The sub-project is a part of the Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) of the Government of Nepal which aims to construct/extend drinking water supply systems, drainage and sanitation facilities as well as provide sanitary health education to the community in upcoming small towns of the country. The project embraces the community managed demand responsive approach and is being implemented under financial assistance of ADB. The proposed project is intended to serve sub schemes 9, 11 and 12 covering all wards (ward no 1,2,3, partly of 5,6,7,8,9) of Narayan Municipality except ward no. 4.
Purpose of IEE, ADB Policy, GoN Acts and Rules
The purpose of this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is to examine the environmental implication of proposed project and its activities to ensure that it will not damage the environment and to provide measures to remove or reduce those impacts into acceptable limits.
Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental implications of individual developments are taken into account in the planning and decision making process.
The statutory requirement of the Government of Nepal, that has to be adhered to for the proposed project, is the Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 (and amendments 2007). The present IEE study fulfills the requirements pertaining to Rule 3, Annex G of Schedule 1 of EPR, 1997 (including amendments). Similarly, as per ADB guidelines on Environmental Assessment requirements, the project is classified Environment Category B and IEE is required as per the checklist suggested by ADB.
Components of the Project
The proposed ‘Narayan Municipality Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project’ is based on the surface water supply source. The project comprises of water supply component. The major surface water sources include Mul Khola, Rime Khola and Kali Khola. Within this system there is
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
a facility of treatment plant for water purification. The major system includes augmentation of additional water services. Construction of water treatment facilities and storage tanks/service reservoir, rehabilitation and new construction of transmission and distribution pipe line networks.
Baseline Information
The existing water supply system in Narayan municipality has poor reliability and the quality of services availed by the consumers is very low and services available are only in few wards (ward no 1,3,6 and part of ward nos 2,4,8) of the municipality. The main problem encounter with the existing system is related to the quantity of water supplied. Due to rapidly increasing population of the municipality and insufficient water discharge in the sources, water is supplied only two hours a day which is by any means not sufficient to the consumers.
The sanitary situation of Narayan Municipality and its surroundings is found to be reasonably satisfactory. In the market area about 90% households have their own toilets. Some households have pour flush latrines and some have pit latrines. Hence the majority of the respondent having latrines in the service area have knowledge about the advantage of using latrines. People living in the households which do not have latrines use to defecate in the revulets behind the bushes and forest etc. There is no sewerage system in the service area. Solid waste management is also not good. The storm water drainage facility are provided to a small stretch along the road sides in the core market area that too not in proper condition and needs rehabilitation.
The socio-economic condition of the area is moderate. Majority of the people depend on agriculture, followed by service and business as their source of income. The community has good ethnic diversity, with people from various ethnic groups living together. There is good forest cover in the district thereby harnessing ecological diversity.
The total population of the project area is 13021 and total number of household within the project area is 2162. Within the population the male population is govern by 51 % and female population by 49%. The project area has the facility of communication, electricity and others such as health and education. On implementation of the project the population of the project area will be facilitated with clean and safe drinking water.
Environmental Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring
No any significant adverse environmental impacts have been predicted and the anticipated negative impacts are of local in nature and low in magnitude. The main environmental concern for water supply system is related to construction activities such as digging of trenches for intake and distribution lines. The project area being a hilly region, usually during excavation of pipe trench, soil erosion may occur. Laying of the distributional line along the market area would be a xi
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project
problem as the road is narrow and 15cm thick concrete pavement has already been paved. The mitigation measures are precautionary types such as proper back filling of the excavated trenches with private house connections made before backfilling and avoiding cutting of vegetation. The locations of major structures have been acquired in consultation with the user committee and no households or community have been displaced or resettled. Therefore there are very less possibilities of adverse impacts on the biological and socio economical environment of the project area.
Monitoring is necessary to check the implementation of mitigation measures and a detailed monitoring schedule has been designed specifying the regular and periodic monitoring activities during the project construction and operation phase. Before the operation of the project, PMO should develop detailed work plan for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans based on Environmental Management Plan which will be incorporated into the construction and operation contracts.
Conclusion
Considering the nature of the project; environmental and socio-economic situation of the area and based on the detailed field survey and consultation with the relevant stakeholders, it can be concluded that the proposed project will have only minor negative impacts on the area. The impacts are mostly local in nature and can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable mitigation measures and regular monitoring schedules. Implementation of the project will benefit the local people with safe and sufficient supply of drinking water and improved sanitary situation thereby raising the living standard of the people in Narayan municipality. If the project is properly implemented and environmental issues are duly considered, there will be a significant improvement in the health of the environment and people. It is proposed that the information suggested in the IEE report be well utilized in next phases of work and monitoring plan followed up. Hence, IEE is sufficient and proposed project is suitable for implementation.
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Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report
a. Name of the Proposal
1. The name of the proposal is ‘Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Narayan MunicipalityWater Supply and Sanitation Project’ in Dailekh District. The location map of the proposal is given in Figure 3.
b. Name and Address of the Proponent
2. The project proponent Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) under Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) will be the responsible agency for the implementation of the proposal. The name and address of the proposal is given below.
Government of Nepal Ministry of Urban Development Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Project Management Office Panipokhari, Kathmandu Tel: ++977 1 4423848, 977 1 4412348 Fax: ++977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwssp.gov.np
c. Consultant Preparing the Report
3. ERMC (P) Ltd. has worked on behalf of the proponent for conducting IEE studies and preparing IEE report using all the prevalent guidelines, acts, policies and regulations. The name and address of the consultant is given below.
Environment and Resource Management Consultant (ERMC) Pvt. Ltd P. O. Box: 12419 Mid Baneshwor, Kathmandu Tel.:++977-1-4483064, 4465863, Fax: ++977-1-483064 Email: [email protected]
2. Basis and Extent of the IEE Study
4. Government of Nepal has prepared a fifteen years development plan to implement the water supply and sanitation programmes in emerging towns or small towns in order to improve the health and the quality of life of the people living in the project towns by constructing and extending water supply system in the towns. The project follow the community managed demand responsive approach where the community will be 1 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
involved from the very planning phase to implementation phase for the operation and maintenance of the subprojects soon after it is completed. The project, ‘Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, STWSSSP’ is the outcome of that effort. Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing the financial assistance to implement the project in both the phases. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency whereas Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) is the executive agency.
5. Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental implications of individual developments are taken into account in the planning and decision making process and that action is taken to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through environmental assessment process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and project development and implementation worldwide.
a. ADB Policy (ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009)
6. The operational policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) include three safeguard policies: the Involuntary Resettlement Policy (1995), the Policy on Indigenous Peoples (1998), and the Environment Policy (2002) which are all due for revision. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), a consolidated policy, describes common objectives of ADB’s safeguards, lays out policy principles, and outlines the delivery process for ADB’s safeguard policy. The SPS is designed for application to current and future lending modalities and caters to the varying capacities and needs of DMC clients in both the public and private sectors and will supersede the three current safeguard policies.
7. ADB’s current safeguard policies are generally understood to be operational policies that seek to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse environmental and social impacts, including protecting the rights of those likely to be affected or marginalized by the development process.
8. ADB’s SPS highlights a number of areas that require attention in ADB's environmental assessment process. It addresses the need for more upstream environmental assessment at the level of country programming, the need for more structured consultation in the conduct of environmental assessments, the need for greater emphasis on monitoring and compliance with environmental requirements during project implementation, and finally the need to view environmental assessment as an ongoing process rather than a one-time event.
9. ADB requires environment assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, financial intermediation loans, and private sector investment operations. The process of determining a project’s environment category is based on a screening checklist that considers the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Loans are classified into category A (with potentially significant environmental impacts); category B (with potentially less significant environmental impacts); category C (unlikely to have significant environmental impacts); and a new category, FI, (credit line for subprojects through a financial intermediary, or equity investment in a financial intermediary). A project’s environment assessment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including both direct and indirect impacts. An IEE is required for category B projects, and an EIA, requiring greater depth of analysis, for category A projects. No environmental assessment is required for
2 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
category C projects although their environmental implications nevertheless need to be reviewed.
10. The proposed Narayan Municipality Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is classified as environment category B as per the ADB guidelines and following normal procedures for project loans, an IEE was conducted. The IEE has been done based on the checklist completed to support the environmental classification of project under ADB (Refer Annex 2 for REA checklist)
b. National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
11. Most of the national policies and laws of the Government of Nepal (GoN) are in favor of environmentally sound economic development and growth. Following table summarizes the relevant policies, acts and regulations and guidelines that have been an integral part of the project and have been reviewed during the preparation of the IEE report.
Table 1: National Policies, Acts, Regulations and Guidelines
Policies
Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007 The interim constitution of Nepal realized environmental protection as the policy of the state. Clause (4) of Article (35) of the constitution states that ‘The State shall, while mobilizing the natural resources and heritage of the country that might be useful and beneficial to the interest of the nation, pursue a policy of giving priority to the local community’. The Clause (5) states that ‘The State shall make necessary arrangements to maintain the natural environment. The State shall give priority to special protection of the environment, and rare wildlife, and prevent further damage due to physical development activities, by increasing awareness of the general public about environmental cleanliness. Provision shall be made for the protection of the forest, vegetation and biodiversity, their sustainable use and for equitable distribution of the benefits derived from them’. Three Year Interim Plan (2007-2010) The interim plan provides the most recent guidance on urban sector priorities highlighting, in particular, the need to address the effects of rapid urbanization on service levels, water quality and scheme maintenance. It proposes the full integration of sewerage, on-site sanitation and solid waste management in all urban schemes and specially endorses cost recovery from consumers. Local authorities are responsible for overseeing project implementation but with private sector organizations playing increasing roles. National Policy on Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, 2004 Provides guidance on water and sanitation service provision in rural areas using community led participatory approaches. While partially relevantt the urban context, particularly around the integration of inputs and local capacity building, it generally fails to address the complex operational challenges to be faced by Municipal authorities in implementing and managing urban services. National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2009 Formulated to provide the overall policy support and guidance towards achieving equity in service delivery by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within the system areas are mainstreamed as valid customers of service through design and implementation of financial incentives where so required. It aims to ensure that the roles and responsibilities of central and local government bodies, external development partners, private sector including NGOs and user groups are clearly defined in scheme implementation and regulation and performance management in accordance with national decentralization policy.
3 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Acts and Regulations
Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1996 & Environmental Protection Regulations (EPA), 1997 (and amendments 1999 and 2007) EPA and EPR have several provisions to institutionalize environmental consideration in development projects. Section (5) of EPA stipulates that ‘a proponent who is desirous of implementing any proposal shall have to submit such a proposal, accompanied by the report on Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposal, to the concerned agency for the approval of such a proposal. The EPR elaborates provisions to prepare and submit the scoping report, Terms of Reference (TOR), and IEE/EIA report for approval and includes public consultation processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report, in general, should include detail information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including implementation plan, monitoring and evaluation and environmental auditing. Public consultation is a pre-requisite in all the prescribed projects. Local Self Governance Act, 1999 & Local Self Governance Regulations, 2000 The Act empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities. It also describes about the user group formation to implement the programs in the local areas. The Regulation has provisions for Village Development Committee (VDC), District Development Committee (DDCs) and municipality to coordinate and implement development projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed project. Water Resources Act, 1992 & Water Resources Regulation, 2000 Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the order of priority of water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and provides for the formation of Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets out the procedure to register a WUA and to obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of WUA and license holders. Drinking Water Regulations, 1998 Regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service utilization by consumers Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act, 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply Management Board Act, 2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act,2006 These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish the legal basis for private sector management of schemes and independent fee setting and regulation applicable to all urban schemes Water Tax Act, 1966 Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is obliged to pay water tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid within the time as fixed by the law. Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Act, 1987 & Solid Waste (Management and Resource Mobilization Rules), 1990 As solid waste has direct impact on water supply system, discharge of solid waste in either public or private places have been prohibited under this Act. The rules entrusts Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre, established under the Act, to provide necessary service to individual or institution in managing solid waste. As such any water resource projects may obtain such service and maintain the water resource clean.
4 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Land Acquisition Act, 1977 & Land Acquisition Rules, 1969 The Land Acquisition Act and the Rules are the two main legal instruments that specify procedural matters of land acquisition and compensation. Under these, the Government is allowed to acquire any private land paying reasonable compensation to the affected party for any public purposes or for operation of any development project initiated by government institutions and the water resources laying and originating within such acquired area is spontaneously acquired under this process. Forest Act, 1993 & Forest Regulations, 1995 (including amendments) Since forest has an important role in managing water resources, Forest Act has many provisions effecting the integrated water resources management of the country. The basic objective is developing and conserving the forests of the country. The government can provide parts of any type of forest for the implementation of national priority plan with the assurance that it does not adversely affect the environment. The Regulation further elaborate legal measures for the conservation of forests and wild animals. Labor Act, 1992 The Act emphasizes on occupational health and safety of workers and stipulates provision of necessary safety gears and adopting necessary precautionary measures against potentially hazardous machine/equipment in the workplace. It also stipulates to make arrangements such as removal of waste accumulated during production process and prevention of dust, fume, vapor and other waste materials, which adversely affect the health of workers Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act, 2001 The section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states “Nobody shall engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear or pressure or by any other means” Town Development Act, 1988 The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to implement town planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town.
Standards and Guidelines
National EIA Guidelines, 1993 In the process of implementing National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1990, the government of Nepal in collaboration with The World Conservation Union - IUCN developed a locally suitable environmental assessment guideline. Although National EIA guidelines are procedural guidelines, it substantially encouraged the proponent to prepare an EIA report of the prescribed development projects and programmes and serves as the primary source of integrating environmental aspects in major development projects. The National EIA Guidelines contains objectives, methods of screening projects requiring the level of environmental assessment (IEE or EIA), scoping, impact identification and prediction, report review, monitoring and evaluation and impact auditing ensuring public participation during the preparation of the IEE/ EIA report. National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) and Directives, 2005 Provides details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply schemes. These set out the water quality parameters, which the water suppliers should adhere to. The directives also ensures that the water sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the drinking water supplied or to be supplied conforms to the NDWQS and also sets the monitoring and surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of supplied water conforms to the standards.
5 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Water Resource Strategy, 2002 Provides a systematic framework for water resource development and identifies action plans to avoid and resolve conflicts and achieve water related development objectives. It has identified the need to integrate and coordinate all the uses of natural resources within the catchment basis and has laid emphasis on the development and management of water resources in a holistic, systematic manner, relying on integrated water resources management.
c. Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study
12. The main objective of the present IEE study for Water Supply and Sanitation purpose is to fulfill the requirements pertaining to Rule 3, Annex G of Schedule 1 of the Environmental Protection Act, 1996 (including amendments 1999 and 2007) and to ensure the environmental and social sustainability of the project. It aims to help the decision makers to make informed decision about the project.
13. The specific objectives of the IEE study are as follows.
• To identify, evaluate and predict the potential beneficial and adverse impacts of the project on the physical, biological and socio-economical resources in the project area • To suggest enhancement measures to augment the benefits of the project and to propose suitable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize and compensate the adverse impacts of the project • To prepare appropriate Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) • To inform public about the proposed project and its impact on their livelihood
14. Scope: The present IEE study for the water supply and sanitation project is proposed for Narayan Municipality in Dailekh District. The study focuses on the adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation of all the project activities.
d. Relevancy of the Project
15. The proposed water supply and sanitation project is a need to be studied from the environmental point of view as per EPA 1996 and EPR 1997, 2054 BS (Amendments 1999 and 2007). The proposed water supply and sanitation project is an extension of the existing water supply system which is meant primarily for the market area but has also been supplying a part of the proposed service area.Actually it is an existing gravity system which requires additional extension and improvement to cater the needs of the municipal area The extension and improvements to the transmission and distribution system and necessary treatment facilities are proposed to supply water to the consumer in the service area in adequate quantity and quality.
16. The main objective of the project is to improve the water supply facilities and provide health and hygiene education program to the community. The project aims to provide improved water supply in the small towns that includes coverage of service area as per the requirement of User’s Group with continuous 24 hours supply of drinking water and have water quality confirming to the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) and in adequate quantity. The project will support community participation in the development of water supply and sanitation facilities and promote community based water quality monitoring.
6 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
17. It is expected that on completion of the project the users of the area will be able to avail of adequate amount of safe drinking water. The proposed project will be using surface water sources and the treatment capacity of the proposed units is less than 25 lps.
18. As the proposed project falls within the definitions provided in the EPR 1997(Amendments 1999 and 2007) Annex 1 (G) for drinking water projects; only an IEE shall be necessary. The regulation stated in Annex 1 (H) shall only be applicable, if the proposal does not fall under categories (A) through (H) of Annex 3. The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households and there is no need to resettle any households above the gravity source, and construction of river training works (more than 1 km) is also not required. Therefore based on ADB’s guidelines and GoN’s EPR, 1997, only IEE is sufficient for the proposed project.
e. Approach and Methodology
19. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the Terms of Reference (TOR) approved by the Ministry of Urban Development, of the Government of Nepal. The study has followed the provisions outlined in the Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 and Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The major activities undertaken during the preparation of IEE are outlined below.
i. Desk Study
20. Existing secondary data relevant to the proposed project was collected from various published and unpublished sources from different governmental and non- governmental organizations. All the related maps, aerial photographs, newspaper articles were gathered. The engineering report of the project and other relevant documents were thoroughly reviewed. Policies, legislations and guidelines relevant to the project were also referred to.
21. The desk study also involved in the preparation of questionnaire /checklists/ matrices for detailed field study to collect the primary data within the Zone of Influence (ZOI). In order to specify the area that would be covered by the assessment, the geographical boundary of the influence area is delineated on the topographical map. Depending upon the nature and extent of the expected impact area, the Zone of Influence (ZOI) has been categorized into Direct Impact Zone (DIZ) and Indirect Impact Zone (IIZ).
• Direct Impact Zone (DIZ)
22. The area directly affected by the project activities are demarcated as Direct Impact Zone. The area bounded by Bhawani on the north, Belghat on the south, Tarachaur on the south and Sirubari on the east are demarcated as direct impact zone.
7 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
• Indirect Impact Zone (IIZ)
23. The area around the DIZ that could be indirectly affected due to project construction and implementation activities such as mobility of people, equipment, vehicles, noise, dust, vibration are demarcated as the Indirect Impact Zone.
ii. FieldWork
24. A detailed field investigation was carried out during April, 2011 to collect the baseline information on the physical, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. The local communities were consulted to understand the social and physical nature of the area. A survey was carried out to identify the environmental structures and to gather relevant baseline information. The details of the field study on various aspects (physical, biological and socio-economical) are as follows and the questionnaire used for socio economic survey of the project area is listed in Annex 7.
• Physical Assessment
25. Existing physical attributes of the project area were studied through topographical maps and site observations, complemented by secondary source of information, reports and interviews. Information on the location, topography, land use, geology, and soil hydrology were collected during field work and from the reports obtained from different institutions.
• Biological Assessment
26. The ecological attributes of the area were gathered during the field survey. Information on vegetation pattern, wildlife, parks and reserves, sensitive habitats were collected. Identification of wild flora and fauna, rare and endangered species were done during filed observation and by questionnaire survey. The scientific names of the flora and fauna were later recorded using secondary data/books.
• Socio-economic Assessment
27. Socio-economic and cultural environment of the project such as population, community structure, distribution of income and sources of livelihood, and expected water users were obtained through various secondary and primary sources of data. These included literature review, questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, and the suggestions and comments obtained from all relevant stakeholders though public notices.
iii. DataProcessing
28. The information obtained from the desk study and field works were processed in a standard format to maintain consistency. The data were tabulated and maps were interpreted. The mitigation and monitoring measures were then proposed based on the impacts indentified during the study.
8 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project B. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
1. Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Situation
a. Water SupplySystem
29. At present there are two major water supply systems in Dailekh namely Belaspur water supply system operated and managed by Belaspur water users and sanitation committee and Dailekh bazaar water supply system operated and managed by Dailekh bazaar water users and sanitation committee, to supply drinking water to the people of Narayan Municipality ward nos. 1, 3, 6 and some part of ward nos. 2, 4 and 8. Beside this, there are several small water supply and sanitation schemes built with the assistance of various donors such as Helvetas, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Development Board, Nepal Red Cross Society etc. Both systems are gravity fed systems in which water is being collected at the sources and transported to a service reservoir from where it has been distributed to the consumers of the service area through private and public taps. The main problem encountered with this existing system is related to the quantity of water supplied. Due to rapidly increasing population of the municipality and insufficient water discharge in the sources, water is supplied only two hours a day by both the systems.
30. According to the study the findings show that, about 65% of the total population depends upon public taps and springs, about 23% depends upon yard taps in service area and the rest of the population rely on kuwas, ponds for their water demand. The data shows that approximately 55 and 47 liters of water per capita on average were being reportedly consumed in the rainy and dry season respectively. Since at present water sources are getting dry day by day, the consumers are not getting enough supply. As per the survey report the present supply of water during dry season is about 624 m3 per day whereas the public demand is about 1250 m3 per day, with a deficit of about 626 m3 per day.
b. Sanitation facilities
31. At present, the sanitary situation of Dailekh bazaar and its surroundings is satisfactory. In the bazaar area about 90% of the households have their own toilets. Some households have pour flush latrines and some have pit latrines. If all service area is concerned about 57% of households have latrines and majority of the respondents had knowledge about the advantage of using latrines. Efforts are under way to declare Narayan municipality and its surroundings as open defecation free zone.
32. At present there is about 300 m long open drainage in the mid bazaar area of the municipality only. The condition of drainage system is not good and water logging problem has been reported in the market areas. There is no other surface drainage facility in other parts. Therefore surface drainage has to be provided at least in the core area (market area) of the municipality if not in all places of the service.
33. The service area, except the bazaar area of the municipality, is of rural in character. Sewerage system is not in priority list of the people of the project area. At present most of the respondents are using kitchen gardens and soak pit as the disposal place for domestic waste water. 9 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
34. The local people are not aware of the problems created due to the haphazard disposal of solid wastes in health and hygiene. People with good income level, use garbage pit near their own houses or use the compound to dispose of the solid wastes. Very few people use pit and the rest dispose the waste in public places managed by municipality or VDC.
2. Type, Category and Need of the Subproject
35. The proposed ‘Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project’ is a gravity type of water supply system based on perennial stream as the water source. The proposed project is intended to serve sub schemes 9, 11 and 12 covering all wards except ward no. 4 of Narayan Municipality. The sources are situated at high altitudes with no barrier and thus the water can easily be transported to the service area by gravity.
36. The system has been conceptualized to extract water from three different rivers, which includes Mul Khola, Rime Khola, and Kali Khola. An intake is proposed at the Mul Khola while at Rime Khola and Kale Khola intake rehabilitation has been proposed. The scheme also includes a collection chamber at all the three sources and a treatment plant that comprises of sedimentation tank at Rime Khola and Kali Khola. The water is then further treated through roughening filter and slow sand filter. The major system includes augmentation of additional water services. Construction of water treatment facilities and storage tanks/service reservoir, rehabilitation and new construction of transmission and distribution pipe line networks.
37. The project falls under Category B of ADB’s Environmental Categorization with potentially less significant environmental impacts thereby requiring only an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE).It is a demand led project. The local people of the area had submitted their request for the project and the project has been undertaken accordingly. The existing water supply systems of Narayan municipality have not been able to supply water to the public in sufficient quantity and the reliability of the system and quality of water and services availed by the consumers are very poor. In this scenario, when water supplied is of poor quality and the reliability of the distribution system is quite poor, the consumers of the Narayan municipality felt the need for a reliable and sustainable system. In light of this situation and desire for better and improved services, the consumers organized themselves to approach Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project to assist them in their quest. As a result of their efforts, the government has given the consent and project has been undertaken through SSTWSSSP as per their rules and regulations.
3. Description of the Subproject / Project Components
38. The Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been designed as a surface water based water supply system that will provide sufficient quantity and good quality of water to the residents of Narayan municipality. The water supply component of the project consists of following components:
• Intake at Mul Khola • Collection Chambers • Rehabilitation works at Rime Khola and Kali Khola • Sedimentation tanks (New at Rime Khola and Rehabilitation at Kale Khola)
10 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
• Roughening Filter • Slow sand filter • Electric facilities • Transmission pipeline • Distribution system • Stream crossings and anchor blocks • RCC Reservoir • House Connections • Community Tap Stands • Guard House and other Civil Structure • Other Appurentences
39. The salient features of the proposed project are presented in the following table.
Table 2 : Salient Features of Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project S.N. Items Description 1 Name of Project Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Sub-project 2 Type Gravity Flow Water Supply System 3 Study Level Final Detailed Engineering Design 4 Location Area Region Mid-Western Development Region Zone Bheri District Dailekh VDC/Municipality Narayan Municipality ( ward no 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9) 5 Available Facilities Road Asphaltic Road to Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Supply Water System Gravity flow System Electricity Available Communication Available Health Services Available Banking Facilities Available 6 Source Characteristics Source Name Mul Khola, Rime Khola, Kali Khola Source Type Spring Fed Source Souce Location Bhawani VDC 4, Khari Gaira VDC 7 and Baluwatar VDC 9 near Mabu Lek Safe rYield (lps) 22.47 lps form Mul Khola, 3.50 lps from Rime Khola and 2.50 lps from Kali Khola. 7 Type of Structures RCC Tank 1No. (one 400 Cu.m. Circular and One 80 Cu.m. Rectangular and 1 No. 10 m3 FCT (Ferro Cement Tank) New Intake at Mul Khola 1No
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S.N. Items Description Sedimentation Tank 1 No. (New at Reme Khola+ 1 rehabilitation at Kali Khola) Collection Chamber 3 Nos. Valve Chamber 146 Nos. Break Pressure Tank 62 Nos. Roughening Filter 1 No. Slow Sand Filter 1 No. Guard Cum Office Building 2 Nos (one in treatment area and one in RVT area) GI Crossing 50 Nos. Stream Crossing 20 Nos. Household connection 1714 Nos. Fire hydrant 14 Nos. Ferro Cement Reservoir 1 No of 10 m3 Capacity Rehabilitation of existing 5 Nos(Sedimentation tank, guard house and structures masonry &FC) Total Length of Pipe Transmission Network 28877.16 m Distribution Network 60881.45 m Pipe used: HDPE Upto 140 mm dia (53296.25 m) GI 25 to 125 mm (23240.7 m) DI 150 to 200 mm (13221.66 m) 8 Social Status Present Population (2012) 13021 Base Year Population (2015) 14444 Design Year Population (2029) 22283 Growth Rate % 2.50 Household Numbers 2162 in 2010 2439 in 2012 Total Cost of water supply 9. scheme 315,285,028 10. Cost Sharing Arrangement GoN Component (50%) 157642514.00 TDF Loan (45%) 141878262.60 WUSC’s Contribution for upfront Cash (5%) 15764251.40 11. Tariff Household Connection per month (NRs.) Min. NRs. 320.00 and Ave. NRs. 939.94 12. Economic Analysis FIRR 4.08%
12 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
S.N. Items Description EIRR 18.62% 13. Environment ADB Category B, only IEE necessary IEE findings No significant adverse impact. 14. EMP Cost 500,000.00 15. Drainage and Toilet Cost Total cost 23476204.00 GoN (85%) 19954773.00 Local Authority (15%) 3521431.00 16. Cost per unit Per capita cost (for base year popul) 21828.10 Design Year 14149.13
4. Project Design
40. The proposed source to serve the service area is a surface water intake weir at Mulkhola 2 at an elevation of 2256 m amsl and a rehabilitation of water intake at Rime and Kale Khola. The collected water will be stored in a storage reservoir. The proposed reservoir includes 80 cubic meter at Belaspur, 400 cubic meter at Dailekh Bazar and 10 cubic meter at Bhaisekhor along with a rehabilitation of 250 cubic meter reservoir at Dailekh Bazaar and 3 other RVT at Belaspur. The system has been designed to tap 6 lps from the existing intake at Rime and Kale Khola and a total of 16.6 lps from the intake at Mul Khola. About 29 km pipeline as transmission main has been designed for this system which includes from intake at Mul Khola to treatment plant site and then to reservoir at Narayan municipality which distributes water through distribution pipe.
41. The scheme has been designed for base population of 14444 and a design population of 22283. The domestic water supply demand for these years is presented in the following table
Table 3 : Total Water Demand Water Demand for the System SSTWSSSP Project DDC Project Municipality Total Demand Demand Demand Project Demand Types of S.N Base Design Base Design Base Design Base Design Demand Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year 2015 2029 2015 2029 2015 2029 2015 2029 lit/day lit/day lit/day lit/day lit/day lit/day lit/day lit/day 1 Domestic 1033080 1593750 50729 78260 94717 146120 1178526 1818130 Non- 2 103308 159375 5073 7826 9472 14612 117853 181813 Domestic System 3 113637 175310 5582 8611 10418 16072 129637 199993 Losses Total 1250025 1928435 61384 94697 114607 175310 1425716 2199936
13 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project 5. Proposed Schedule for Implementation
42. The exact schedule for implementation of the project will be known after the work has been assigned to the contractor. For the detailed engineering design study and construction, three years period has been assigned. Therefore the base year for the project has been as the year 2015 and the design year has been taken as the year 2029
43. The main task associated with the project will be as follows.
• Conduct detailed survey work • Preparation of detailed engineering design • Preparation of working drawings • Preparation of quantity and cost estimates • Carrying out of economic and financial analysis and level of water tariff • Preparation of socio technical profile • Environmental study of the sub project area • Preparation of tender documents • Awarding of contract • Construction • Operation and Maintenance
44. The project has been designed in the principle of active community participation from the planning and design stage itself. The implementation strategy of the project is based on the community management approach. Therefore, user participation at the outset of the planning and design exercise is an essential requirement. The community has to contribute 50% of the construction cost. Out of it, 5% has to be deposited before implementation of the project as upfront cash, other 30% to be contributed by taking loan from TDF, and remaining 15% to be contributed either by direct financing if the community can afford or by taking loan from TDF. The loan is to be returned within 15 years with a grace period of 5 years along with the interest of 5% per annum through their affordable water tariffs. Tariff raised by the service has to support towards operation and maintenance of the supply system. DWSS is acting as the initiator/coordinator for the purpose.
6. Project Construction Activities
45. All the project construction work will be carried out by the contractor as a single stage contract. All the materials required, installation work and labour works will be done by the contract under the direct supervision of consultant and under the regular monitoring of WUSC and concerened Division Office (Client).
i. Materials required for construction
46. The table shows the materials required for construction and operation of the Dailekh water supply and sanitation project.
Table 4 : Materials required Particulars Unit Quantity Adequacy Cement Bags 180070 Sufficient Aggregate Cu m 1718 Sufficient Sand Cu m 17716 Sufficient
14 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
ii. Human resource
47. The proposed Dailekh Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, entails both skilled and unskilled laborers for its construction and operation in the proposed site. As such for this work a total no. of 14200 skilled labors and unskilled labors are required. The laborers estimation was made on the basis of rate analysis and as far as possible they will be hired from the local market.
7 Project Operation Activities
48. After completion of the construction work of the project. The project will be operated by the contractor itself for one year. After that operation activities of the project will be done by concerned Water Users and Sanitation Committee (WUSC). For that contractor has ot train the people from WUSC who is supposed to work in future, about all activities, what to be done during operation of the project completely. Water tariff will be collected by WUSC during operation period even at the time contractor is looking after the operation. It is obvious, maintenance and repair works has to be done simultaneously by seperate team designated by WUSC during operation of the project.
15 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Figure 1: Schematic Layout of Project Components
16 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Figure 2: Design Layout of Project Components
17 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project C. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
1. Physical Resources
a. Topography
49. Dailekh is a hilly district in Bheri Zone of Mid-Western Development Region of the country. 80% landmass lies in hilly region where as remaining 20% lies in higher hilly regions of the country. Dailekh district is located between 28' 35o and 20' 8o latitude and 81' 25o and 81' 53o longitude. The proposed Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project lies in central region of the district surrounded by Lohare river in the East, Taraghat stream to the West, Bhawani VDC and Toli VDC to the North and Belpata VDC to the South. The total area occupied by the municipality is 67.01sq.km that lies in Mahabharat range with an elevation range of between 544 to 4,168 m. However, the average elevation of Narayan municipality is about 1,448m amsl.
50. Narayan municipality, which is the focal region of the project, is developed on a ridge that gradually rises roughly towards north from a narrow river valley at the confluence of Lohare River and Chhamgaad. On either side of the ridge the terrain descends down to the two streams flowing north to south. The terrain has slope of about 30o gradient at many places. Wherever possible the land has been flattened for cultivation or for construction of houses.
Figure 3: Location Map of Narayan Municipality, Dailekh District
18 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
b. Geology and Soils
51. Geologically the project area lies in the Mahabharat range. Although most of the areas in the district consist of sedimentary rocks, the project area has low to high grade metamorphic rocks. Low to high grade quartzite, phyllite, schist, gneiss, marble and slate are few metamorphic rock type found around the project area.
52. The area where the slope gradient is <30o, the depth of soil is 50 to 100 cm and in areas where the gradient is >30o, the soil depth is found to be up to 20 cm. Where the slope gradient is between 20o to 30o, the soil depth is in between 50-80 cm.
53. The major minerals found in these rocks are quartz, feldspar, and mica. The chemical constituent of these minerals is silica. As rocks constituted from minerals containing high concentration of silica are more acidic these rocks are termed as acidic rocks. As a result of which the soil found in the areas around project area are found to be moderately acidic (pH 5.0-6.5). The electric conductivity is around 0.02 to 0.38 m∂. Organic matter is found to be low to medium (0.34 to 3.4 %). Similarly Nitrogen content varies from 0.06 to 0.2 % and phosphorous from 5.3 to 12.8 mg per kg. Potassium content is observedto be on the lower side of 36 to 59 mg per kg. Cationic exchange level of available sodium is from low to medium level of 0.3 to 0.6 mg per 100g. Boron is found to be low (0.07 to 0.5 mg per kg).
c. Climate and Rainfall
54. There is greater diversity in terms of climate in Dailekh district. Mainly three different types of climates are seen in the district as describedin the following table.
Table 5: Types of Climate S.N Climate Type Elevation 1 Tropical Climate 544m-1200m asl 2 Sub-Temperate Climate 1200m-1800m asl 3 Temperate Climate 1800m-2300m asl 4 Thanda Lekali >2300m asl (Source: District Development Office 2002/2003-2006/2007)
55. It can be said that the climate of the district including the areas within Narayan municipality is sub-temperate type. The average annual rainfall is about 1700mm. The average maximum temperature of the district is about 34oC where as average minimum temperature is about 5oC. The average annual temperature of the municipality ranges from 3oC-32oC.
d. Hydrology
56. Dailekh District is rich in water sources. There are several streams originating from high mountains and Mahabharat range. The rivers originating from the Himalayas have water round the year whereas those from other sources have very low water flow during the dry part of the year. Nepal's longest river, Karnali flows along the western side of the district. Ramagaadriver and Chamgaad river flow along the central region of the district. Other than these Paduka, Chingaad, Taraghat, Tame, Dwari, Katti and Dhungeshowr are some streams which are the major contributors that add up to the water resource of the district.
19 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
57. Besides, various other small streams like Sugurkhal, Sim, Jhakri, Damarkhola, Bhawal Bhitri, Salleri, Chahare and few lakes like Malati Ganga and Taalpokhari also have enhanced the water resources in the district. These surface water sources are the major sources of drinking water in the district. Presence of these very sources of water has made Dailekh district an attractive destination for development of Micro Hydro Power in the district. Various VDCs like Kharigera, Dwari and Lakuri, lots of waterfall have been found within the natural surroundings. Among these Dwari Waterfall in Dwari VDC is the highest waterfall in Nepal (61m). However, the use of ground water for drinking or any other purpose is difficult in the district as the district is located in the hilly part of the country.
2. Ecological Resources
a. National Park and Protected Area
58. The project area does not fall under any protected or buffer zone region. None of the species found in the district are endemic. However, some of the tree species have been restricted by GON’s Forest Act from harvesting and trade and the one’s included in CITES are Khayer (Acacia catechu), Simal (Bombax ceiba), Okhar (Juglans regia), Chanp (Michelia champaca), Jhyau (Parmella sps) and Sungava (Bulbophyllium affine).
b. Forests
59. In Dailekh district, 78.026 Ha is covered by forests and among this 59,880 Ha has been identified to be transformed into community forest (District Forest Office, 2009/2010). There are 217 Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) who own 14,767 Ha of community forest benefiting 23,484 households (District and VDC profile of Nepal, 2010). The average area covered by the community forest is 73.37 Ha. Besides, there are leasehold forests that occupy about 144.97 Ha area of the district. There are 27 user group of this leasehold forest benefiting 214 households of the district (District and VDC profile of Nepal, 2010).
i. Flora
60. The main type of forest in the southern part of the project area and in the river basin is Sal and in higher altitude mixed forest of Sal and Pine forest with Pinus roxburghii as dominant species.
61. Trees and plants found in the project area are used by locals as follows:
• Timber: Shorea robusta, Pinus roxburghii, Alnus nepalensis, Syzium cumini • Fodder: Bahunia purperia, B. vaieegata, Callicaroa macrophylla, Persia odaratissima, Quercus lanata, Bridelia retusa, Desmodium lelegana, Lyonia ovalifolia, Pilea simmeria. • Fruit: Aesandra buteracea, Berberis aristata, Myrcea esculanta, Phyllanthus emblica, Rubas ellipticus, Syzigium cumini, Ficus semicordata. • Vegetable: Asparagus filicinus, Dryopteris cochleata, Urica diocea. • Medicine: Asparagus racemosus, Astible rivullaris, Cissampelos pareira, phyllanthus embica, Zanthoxylem arboretu
20 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
62. In case of fuel wood all available trees and shrubs are used.
ii. Fauna
63. The different types of faunal species found in the area are as follows.
Table 6: List of Mammals S.N Common Name Scientific Name 1 Monkey Macaca mulatta 2 Fox Canis aureus 3 Ghoral deer Naemorhedus sps. 4 Ratuawa deer Muntiacus sps. 5 Mongoose Martes flavigulia 6 Porcupine Hystrix indica 7 Langoor monkey Semnopithecus entellus 8 Wild cat Felis chaus 9 Leopard Panthera pardus
Table 7: List of birds S.N Scientific Name 1 Aegithalos concinnus 2 Corvus macrorhyncos 3 Gypes himalayensis 4 Megalaima virens 5 Parus xanthogeenis 6 Pericroctus ethologus 7 Seicrcus xanthoschistos 8 Streptopelia oreintalis, 9 S. chinesis
c. Aquatic Species
64. Katle (Acossocheilus hexagonolepis), Buduna (Garra gotyla). Asala (Shizothorax nepalensis), Gonch (Begarius bagarius), Sahar (Tor tor, T. putitora) Bam (Amphipnous sps.) are the common type of fishes found in the rivers of Dailekh district.
21 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
3. Social and Cultural Resources
a. Demography
i. Population and Settlement Pattern
65. As per socio-economic survey 2010, there are 2162 households in the service area and total population of 11663 including 1358 rented population. The male and female populations include 5873 male and 5790 female. The average family size is 5.43. The detailed HHs and population is presented in the table below:
Table 8: Population Distribution Ward Wise by Gender Population Ward Household Municipality Permanent Rented Total No. Nos. Male Female Total 1 499 1389 1352 2741 771 3512 2 312 961 999 1960 6 1966 3 269 672 655 1327 9 1336 5 67 198 170 368 3 371 Narayan 6 400 879 917 1796 568 2364 7 171 492 488 980 - 980 8 175 486 468 954 1 955 9 269 796 741 1537 - 1537 Total 2162 5873 5790 11663 1358 13021 Source: Social Survey by ERMC - 2010)
66. Narayan municipality bazaar is the main market place of the district. The settlement pattern within the bazaar area is quite compact on both sides of the road corridor. Roads within the bazaar area are very narrow and are paved with concrete. The settlement pattern on the outside of the bazaar is quite scattered and resembles rural village livelihood.
ii. Caste and Ethnicity
67. Dailekh district has got diversity in terms of caste/ethnicity. People from different caste and ethnicity are living in harmony in the district. The composition of population with respect to caste is shown below.
22 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Table 9: Ethnic Composition of Dailekh District S.N Caste 2001 Census % S.N Caste 2001 Census % 1 Chhetri 78,306 36.67 5 Magar 22,230 10.41 2 Kami 34,534 16.17 6 Damai/Dholi 10,029 4.69 3 Thakuri 31,746 14.87 7 Sarki 6,200 2.90 4 Brahman 26,800 12.55 8 Sanyasi 3,640 1.70 (Source: District and VDC profile of Nepal, 2010)
b. Health Facilities
68. Dailekh district has various health institutions. There is 1 District Hospital with 15 beds, 2 Primary Health Centers with 3 beds each, 8 Health Posts, 50 Sub-Health Posts, 1 Primary Eye Treatment center, 206 Primary Health care clinics and 2 Ayurvedic Pharamaceuticals. However, the health facilities available in the district are not satisfactory as the numbers of doctors are very few. Besides, the infrastructures, these health institutions are also not enough to provide quality health services to the people living in area. The ratio of doctor with that of population is also very low, 1:225,181. Existing healthcentres in the district have not been able to provide health facilities to majority people. The ratio of health institution to a thousand populations is also low at 3.26. Since the health facilities in the district are below average, the average life expectancy age in Dailekh was found to be 57.5 years.
c. Educational Facilities
69. Overall literacy rate of Dailekh district is 47.4%. The literacy percent of the population between 15-24 years is 60.5%. The male literacy percentage is high compared to that of females which are 63.40% and 38% respectively. Primary school net enrollment percentage is on the higher side in the district, around 90%. But on the other hand 23.6% people in the district represent educationally disadvantaged population. There are altogether 278 primary schools, 40 lower secondary schools, 37 secondary schools, 5 higher secondary schools, 2 campuses and 2 boarding schools in Dailekh district.
Table 10: Educational Institutions in Dailekh District Students School Level Teacher Male Female Total Primary Schools 841 25,243 28,211 53.484 Lower Secondary Schools 108 7,657 5,163 12,520 Secondary Schools 91 2,505 1,767 4,272 (Source: District Profile of Nepal 2010
70. Within the municipality there are altogether 35 educational institutions providing education to the students residing within Narayan municipality. Among these, there are 29 government institutions of which 5 are private sector institutions.
d. Physical or Cultural Heritage
71. The main historical and cultural and religious sites present in Dailekh district are as follows. 23 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Table 11: Cultural and Religious sites in Dailekh District Historical/Cultural sites Temples Padukasthan Swami Kartik Dhuleshowr Kalika Devi Bhaise Khor Chamunda Devi Tallo Dhungeshwor Bhawani Devi Navisthan Belaspur Bhairav Saat Khamba Narayan Temple Patharnauli Ganesh Temple Panchadewal Bajra Bhairav Kotgadi Kotila Temple Mahabugaat Kirti Khamba Belaspur Dharmagad (Source: District Profile of Nepal 2010
72. Major Hindu festivals like Dashain, Tihar, Janai purne; Krishnastami, Maghe Sankranti, Fagu Purne, Chaite Dashain, Shivratri, etc. are celebrated in the project area. Local festivals of various ethnic groups are also celebrated.
e. Employment
73. Most of the populations, about 93.87% are involved in agricultural practices. Among people who are involved in agriculture, 60% are women; of the total 2439 household 90% women are found practicing agriculture. 0.42% of total population is involved in service oriented job which are either private or public jobs. People in the district are also involved in various business activities (0.98%). 3.54% people are involved in service/production related small industries. Other activities in the project area are hotel/tourism sector, labor works, etc which makes up around 1.19% of total population. Most of the cottage, restaurants and hotels are located in Narayan municipality.
4. Economic Development and Prospects for Growth
a. Land Use
74. The total area covered by the district is 1,502 km2. Land use pattern of the district shows that almost 52% of the area is covered by forest land. About 28.7% of area in the district is suitable for agricultural practices. Among this, only 23% area has been utilized for agricultural practices, where as 5.74% area which although is good for agriculture land, has been left barren. Only 2.46% comprises of pasture land. Roads and residential area and rocky plains in the district occupy 17% of total area.
b. Infrastructure
i. Transportation
75. Dailekh district has got three main road links, Lower Dhungeshowr- Dullu Pipalkot (45 km), Dailekh-Surkhet (67 km) and Karnali Highway (under construction). The
24 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
density of roadways in the district is very low; 0.15 km per sq km area. Only 13 VDCs and one municipality have access to roadways. The length of the black topped road in the district is mere 728 m. Most of the road sectors within the municipality are constructed using PCC (902 m). 37.34 km road within the municipality is earthen road. Few wards mainly ward nos. 1, 6 and 7 have access to black topped road. Some parts of ward no. 1 and ward no. 9 have access to roadways via dusty and worn out roads.
76. Only Narayan Municipality of the district has got easy access to transportation, (buses). Buses have been operating in the district for long travel route from Dailekh district to other parts of Nepal. There is no facility of local transportation. Few people have got motorcycles which they use for travelling short distances. Buses, trucks, tractors and jeeps are few transportation medium available in the district. In rural sector of the district, people use worn out custom made bridges to travel across numerous small stream or rivers. Although there are helipads in the district, there is no airport. The nearest airport to the district is located in Surkhet district.
ii. Drinking Water Supply
77. Around 37% people in the district have access to improved source of drinking water. At present, within the municipality, there are 486 private taps and 814 community taps that have been distributed among different wards. According to the statistics in year 2057/058, 36 VDCs have drinking water supply and about 53.96% population of the district is getting drinking water facility via pipelines.
78. Currently, there are two major water supply systems installed by DWSS, Dailekh, namely Belaspur water supply system and Dailekh Bazaar Water Supply System to supply drinking water for the people of Municipality ward nos 1, 3, 6 and some parts of ward nos. 2, 4 and 8. Besides these, there are several small water supply and sanitation schemes built with the assistance of various donors such as District Drinking Water Supply Office, Helvetas, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Development Board, Red Cross etc. Due to rapidly increasing population and insufficient water discharge of the sources, water is supplied only for two hours per day from both the WS systems. Hence, the existing project needs additional water sources and extension of distribution lines to improve the service level.
iii. Surface Drainage, Sanitation and Sewerage
79. Currently, the sanitary situation of Dailekh bazaar and its surroundings is found to be below average. In the district still 94.02% population defecate in open spaces. Only 2,665 toilets that have been constructed and most of these toilets are located within Narayan municipality. Therefore notably, 90% households within the municipality have their own toilets. Some households have latrines having flush system and some have pit latrines. If we look at overall scenario of the district, only 18.4% people have access to toilets.
80. Within the market place of Narayan municipality, there is 1.301 km long storm water drainage. Due to lack of proper drainage system in the bazaar, water logging problem was reported in the market area. There exist about 4 km long sewerage pipeline in the market area of the municipality. Even though parts of Narayan municipality have facility of sewerage system, there is problem of maintenance of these systems. People 25 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
dispose domestic waste water in the kitchen garden for irrigating vegetables or into soak pits.
81. There is no proper solid waste management system in the municipality. All the solid wastes generated from municipality area are disposed on forest land located at Sristhan ward no. 1. An area of about 10 hectares in the south-most part of Thakle has been proposed to be acquired by the users group for development of a permanent landfill site for disposing solid wastes.
c. Economic Characteristics
i. Industries
82. Dailekh district is rich in mineral resources. There are number of mineral resources which include slates, iron, copper, etc. Presence of these resources has encouraged people to establish industries and import-export minerals. Since, Lokta is abundant in the district, there are few paper industries established. Other thanthese, the main industries found in the district are shoe and orange industries. Some other industries are producing or collecting various products like Handmade paper, Tangerine, Dairy Ghee, Timur, Kurilo, Calamus, Chiraito, Jhyau, Titepate, Kutaki, Samayo, Morrel Mushroom, Pine resin and these products are exported to other parts of Nepal. The table below shows different type of industries present in the district.
Table 12: Types of Industries in DailekhDistrict S.N Industry Type No 1 Productive 212 3 Agriculture and Wildlife 7 4 Tourism 79 5 Service 325 6 Construction 37 Total 660 (Source: District Profile of Dailekh District, 2000)
ii. Agricultural Development
83. The main cereal crops in the district are maize and wheat. Other than this rice, millet and barley are also produced in good amounts. Pulses, oil seeds and spice are main cash crops of the district. Fruits such as orange and different vegetables are also plenty in the district. Animal husbandry is also flourishing well in the district. Farmers are making good earnings by trading various animal based products like meat, milkto nearby districts.
84. According to the statistics, the amount of cereal crops produced in the district is not enough to sustain the district. There is a food deficiency of 8,570 metric ton of cereal crops in a year
26 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Table 13: Cereal Production in Metric Tons Total Year Population Rice Wheat Maize Millet Barley Required Deficient Edible 2007/08 254,357 10,787 8,088 21,408 2,240 33 42,556 51,126 8,570 (Source: District and VDC profile of Nepal, 2010)
iii. Mineral Development
85. Dailekh district is rich in natural resources. The main minerals found in the district are Belor, Abhrakh, Copper, Iron, Kharidhunga, Slate, Mica. Even petrol, kerosene, natural gases have been reported in the district. However, the geological and entrepreneur potentiality of the minerals have not been fully assessed till now.
Table 14: Minerals found in Dailekh District S.N Mineral Location (VDC) 1 Tourmaline Raniban 2 Copper Lakandra (Jauchaur) Ward No.1 3 Iron Lakuri and Toli 4 Kerosene, Petrol and Natural Gas Paduka, Badlamji, Gamaudi ( Sirsthan, Namisthan) 5 Talc Naumule 6 Limestone Chamunda 7 Abhrakh (local name) Dwari and Kharigera 8 Belor (local name) Lyari Bindrasaini (Source:District Development Office 2002/2003-2006/2007)
iv. Tourism development
86. Dailekh district has a good potential for tourism development. Natural beauty of the hilly terrain of the district and its scenic beauty have increased the possibility of tourism development. Presence of Nepal's longest waterfall could be the main attraction for both internal as well as international tourists. But lack of road facilities in the district could hinder the development of the district. However, there is possibility of development of hiking routes to different tourist destinations. Besides, availability of an airport in the district could increase its chances to take a giant leap in tourism development. At present the nearest airport to Dailekh district is at Surkhet which is around 69 km away from market area in Narayan municipality. Although there is a small population of Newar community in Narayan municipality, the cultural aspect and ritual of Newars like Lakhe (Holy Demon) dance could be another tourist attraction of the area. Garanse, Bhairav Kunda, Gaurwani Den and waterfalls at Tolijaisi and Dwari are some of the prime tourist destinations in Dailekh district.
d. Development Organizations
87. There are altogether 40 different NGOs working in developmental activities in Dailekh district. Similarly, there are 8 different INGOs and 15 community organization that are involved in development activities within the project area. Banking services are provided by two Banijya Banks and 4 Cooperatives within the project area.
27 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
e. Major Environmental Problems
88. Some of the major environmental problems in Dailekh district are-
• In Dailekh district most of the development activities are focused on the road sector such as development of road sector and rehabilitation of existing roadways. As a result, the roadside drainage has been blocked by earthen debris. • Lack of implementation of bio-engineering techniques during road construction and rehabilitation is increasing the risk of soil erosion and landslides in Dailekh district. • There is high possibility of landslide in hilly terrain located at Naumule due to proposed Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project as the pipeline through which water is going to be brought to consumers would lie on these hilly terrains that would disturb the stability of the hilly terrain and trigger landslides.
28 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
1. Beneficial Impacts
89. The development of water and sanitation facility will have numerous beneficial impacts to individual as well as to the entire community. Availability of clean and adequate drinking water and sanitary environment are one of the basic human needs. Also any development efforts aimed at improving water and sanitation needs of an area will significantly contribute towards improving the quality of life of that area.
90. Some of the major beneficial impacts of the project and their maximization measures are described below.
a. Construction Phase
91. Employment Generation
i. Impacts: The project will generate direct employment opportunities to the local people of the area. As the project involves construction work it will bring fine opportunities for various skilled and non-skilled work forces. The amount of money earned by the local people will directly affect the local economy thereby reducing the chances of seasonal migration of the local people. The project will provide short term direct employment benefit to majority of the construction workers and even long term employment to few workers during the operation of the project. In order to augment such benefit, priority will be given to employ local laborers as far as possible.
ii. Maximization Measures: The local people particularly poor, Dalit, enthnic minority and women will be given priority for employment. They will be provided with training in order to do the job
iii. This is a direct type, positive nature impact which has a very low magnitude and is for the short term duration
92. Skill Enhancement
i. Impacts: The construction of the project will not only provide direct employment opportunities but also ensure the transfer of skills and technical proficiency to the local workforce. The project activities such as constructing tanks, drains, slope stabilization methods will provide transferable skills. These skills will directly benefit the local people in long term for similar activities in future. Such benefit will be augmented by making proper work plan and code of conduct during the construction period.
ii. Maximization Measures: The person assigned for the project construction works including pipe laying shall given on the job training such as on plumbing, bathroom fittings, other construction works and sanitation.
29 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
iii. This is a direct type positive nature impact whih has very low magnitude and is for the short term duration
93. Local Trade and Business Opportunities
i. Impacts: In order to meet the food and other demands of the construction workers, there will be opportunities to establish small, tea shops around the vicinity of project area. The demand of the local food items; beverages and other necessary items of the workshop will provide direct benefit to the supplier, farmers and retailers. These will increase the local trade and business opportunities in the area which can be augmented by providing awareness and ensuring good relation between the local people and outside work force.
ii. Maximization Measures: The local entrepneurs shall be supported, co-operatives will be promoted and linkage with bank and other financial instituttions shall be developed
iii. This is a direct type, positive type nature impact which has very low magnitude and is for intermittent duration of time.
a. Operation Phase
94. Improved Health and Hygiene
i. Impacts: Deteriorating water quality and unsanitary conditions are often the causes of water borne communicable diseases. The survey report showed that the people in the project area are mostly dependent on water from existing system such as ponds, kholas, and streams which have high chances of contamination. After the implementation of the project; the health and hygiene of the local people will improve and will help to reduce the occurrence of water borne communicable diseases in the area. In order to enhance such benefit regular maintenance of the water supply components should be done so that the project operates smoothly and the benefits are intact.
ii. Maximization Measures: Regular maintenance of water supply system will be done by the user's group so as to get good quality water every time.
iii. This is a direct type, positive nature impact which has a very low magnitude and is for the long term duration
95. Increased Economic Opportunities
i. Impacts: After the construction of the project, due to improved living condition, there could be increased migration towards the town from surround rural areas which will create opportunities for shops and other business activities in the area. Due to increased economic opportunities, the land value of the area could increase which will uplift the economic status of the local people. These benefits can be maximized by ensuring regular maintenance of water supply and sanitation components and by promoting land development activities in the area.
30 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
ii. Maximization Measures: The Municipality shall manage planned growth required infrastructure facilities for healthy and hygeneic environment in the market areas.
iii. This is a direct type, positive nature impact which has a very low magnitude and is for the long term duration
96. Benefits to women
i. Impacts: Women and girls are mainly responsible for household activities such as fetching water and cleanliness. Improved water supply system will improve the health and hygiene of women, girls and the entire household members. The time they save from fetching water from distant location and cleanliness can be utilized in other economic and income generation activities.
ii. Maximization Measures: Health, hygiene and awareness programs and ccampaign will be organized within the local community to enhance it.
iii. This is a direct type, positive nature impact which has a very low magnitude and is for the long term duration
2. Adverse Impacts
97. The potential impacts of the proposed Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project may be Physical, Biological and Socio-cultural in nature and can occur at various phases of the project such as design phase, construction phase and operation and maintenance phase. The magnitude of the impacts can be small, moderate or high depending upon its severity and can be temporary or last permanently. The impacts are not necessarily always negative; some impacts could be positive as well. The attempt is to augment the positive impact and remove or minimize the negative impacts by applying suitable mitigation measures.
98. The summary of the anticipated environmental impacts and the mitigation measures are given in Table 15.
a. Construction Phase
i. Physical Environment
99. Landslide, Soil Erosion and Disturbance of Land
i. Impacts: Construction related activity such as digging of trenches for intake and distribution lines and laying of pipes, can affect the local land system causing silt run off. The street surfaces could bring about ponding of water and create disposal problems. Since the proposed area is located in hilly terrain, the pipeline through which water is distributed would disturb the stability of the terrain and trigger landslides.
ii. Mitigation Measures: The mitigation measures are more precautionary type such as proper and timely back filling of the excavated trenches; reuse of the
31 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
excavated earth and proper disposal of the surplus excavated soil. Laying of the distributional line along the market area would be a problem as the road is narrow and 15cm thick concrete pavement has already been paved. For the water supply connections, the pavement has to be dismantled and the pipes have to be laid. Therefore after laying the pipes, the trench will be refilled as soon as possible and brought back to the normal condition and the private house connection will be done before backfilling the trench.
iii. This is a direct type of impact which has a moderate magnitude with higher extent covering large area and is for short term duration.
100. Impact on Surface Water
i. Impacts: Apart from one of the intake source Mul Khola which lies far away from the service area, the project area has other intake streams such as Rime Khola and Kali Khola running nearby. The excavated soil during the construction period, if not properly managed, could eventually find its way to the surface water sand may increase the turbidity of such water bodies due to which it may hamper certain acquatic life in it.
ii. Mitigation Measures: To avoid such impact there will be proper spoil management system set up in the project area.
iii. This is a direct type impact which has a significant magnitude, with higher extent covering large area and is for long term duration.
101. Air and Noise Pollution
i. Impacts: Trucks, tractors and other vehicles used for the transportation of construction materials will create noise and release emissions. The excavation activities may also release dust and particulate matters. All these effects are temporary and will last for the construction period only.
ii. Mitigation Measures: The workers exposed to 80 -85 db noise level must be provided with ear plugs. The vehicles used for transportation must be checked for its condition and if it applies to European Emission Standard, Euro III and Nepal government mass emission standard (NVMES, 2069) for all the heavy loaded vehicles. The equipment will be checked by technicians before the commencement of work and working night shift with equipment producing high noise such as concrete mixer, generator without silencer will be prohibited. To minimize the dust and particulate matters, sprinkling of water will be done and the construction materials will be covered during transportation to avoid dust generation. Also open burning of solid wastes generated particularly from labor camps and construction activities will be completely banned.
iii. This is a direct type of impact which has a small magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration.
32 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
ii. Biological Environment
102. Degradation of Cultivated Land and Vegetation
i. Impacts: The major structures of the project will be constructed in the land acquired by WUSC. There will be no major disturbance of vegetation and no cutting of trees in the project area but some ground vegetation has to be cleared for the construction of those structures. Even along the alignment of transmission and distribution line cutting of trees will not be involved. Some of the topsoil and vegetation may lost during pipe laying works.
ii. Mitigation Measures: Minimization of vegetation clearing and careful cutting of ground vegetation will be done. Trees and shrubs will be planted wherever possible.
iii. This is a direct type of impact which has a small magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for long term duration.
iii. Socio-Economic Environment
103. Impact to Local Residents
i. Impacts: The construction related activities that generates dust, noise and impede access could disturb the local residents. Also it may create traffic problems in creating traffic jam near the construction site.
ii. Mitigation Measures: To cope with such impact the local residents will be consulted and informed about the disturbances in advance. Temporary diversions and signboards will be provided for the pedestrians. Traffic management will be done to avoid such issues.
iii. This is a direct type of impact which has a small magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration.
104. Problems from Outside Work Force
i. Impacts: Haphazard disposal of solid waste and improper sanitary conditions generated by the construction workers may cause the pollution of surrounding environment and affect the health of local people. There could also be some social problems due to irresponsible behavior of the work force such as gambling, alcoholism and disrespect to local people and their culture.
ii. Mitigation Measures: Mechanism of safe disposal of waste according to SWMA, 2068 will be developed in the project site and construction camp before the actual commencement of work and unwanted littering and discharge of waste will be prohibited to avoid such impact. In addition the contractor shall instruct all the workers to act in a responsible manner within the working premises. Also a dustbin in the work site will be provided to collect the waste. To create a friendlier environment social gathering for the workers shall be accepted once a month.
iii. This is an indirect type of impact which has a moderate magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration. 33 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
105. Occupational Health and Safety
i. Impacts: During the construction work, the laborers involved in the construction activities may be exposed to different level of health risks and are prone to accidents.
ii. Mitigation Measures: A site health and safety plan will be prepared encouraging use of safety measures and personal protective equipment (PPE). The laborers will be insured for their health and safety. First aid box will be kept at a proper and easily accessible place. General public will be excluded from all the construction sites.
iii. This is a direct type of impact which has significant magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration.
iv. Operational Phase
106. Inadequate Operation and Maintenance (if happens)
i. Impacts: Haphazard disposal of wastes and sludges generated in the treatment plants may cause unhealthy environment of the surroundings and may affect the health of local people living around it.
ii. Mitigation Measures: Sludges generated in the treatment plant being mostly silt is not so much harmful, but for safety, proper management and safe disposal of above wastes/sludges shall be done according to SWMA 2068 that will be developed in the project area.
iii. This is an indirect type of impact which has a low magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration.
107. Toxic Chemical Hazard
i. Impacts: Chlorine and Bleaching Powder are toxic to humans. Ingestions, inhalations, application to body parts, especially to such parts as eyes, nose and mouth are of extreme hazard.
ii. Mitigation Measures: The storage, in-plant handling and dosages of chlorine (bleaching powder) must be addressed and procedures set up and guidelines developed for its handling and first aid measures to be introduced for emergencies and the training and operational supervision of system staff. The dosage of chlorine shall be made in such a way that residual chlorine at last end shall be not more than 2 ppm.
iii. This is a direct type of impact which has significant magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration.
108. Repair and Maintenance
i. Impacts: Repairs of pipe networks will disrupt business in the market area and will be difficult for public to walk on the very area. The workers and the public are at risk from accidents when such activities are conducted.
ii. Mitigation Measures: In order to avoid such issue people of the area should be informed of any work in advance and avoid work in sensitive times: provide walkways/bridges for people and vehicles if trenches have to be dug; provide
34 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
diversions with the help of the police; and complete works quickly in sensitive areas. Also workers are to be provided with health and safety measures to avoid risk from accidents at site during pipe repairs and installation of new connections.
iii. This is an indirect type of impact which has a low magnitude with lower extent covering smaller area and is for short term duration.
35 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Table 15: Overview of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures / Dailekh Potential Environmental Responsible S.N Project Activity Duration Magnitude Proposed Mitigation Measures Impacts Institutions WATER SUPPLY COMPONENTS Construction Phase Impacts 1. Excavation and digging 1.1 Unorganized disposal of Short Term Moderate • Precautionary measures will be Contractor of trenches for intake, excavated earth, Soil erosion, taken during construction to avoid reservoir, pipe line silt runoff ponding of water on cave in street,, unstable terrain • Reuse of excavated soil and 1.2 Pollution of surface water backfilling of trenches will be done 1.3 Deterioration of air quality as soon as possible. due to dust • Sprinkling of water to avoid dust 1.4 Disturbance to the • Temporary diversions and pedestrians signboards will be provided for the pedestrians • Aware in advance to the local people 2. Trucks, tractors and 2.1 Noise pollution Short term Small • The workers exposed to 80-85 dB Contractor other vehicles used for 2.2 Air pollution due to noise level will be provided with the transportation of release of emissions ear plugs. construction material • The equipments will be checked by and excavation technicians before the activities commencement of work and working in night shift with equipments producing high noise will be prohibited. • The construction material will be covered during transportation to avoid dust generation
36 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Potential Environmental Responsible S.N Project Activity Duration Magnitude Proposed Mitigation Measures Impacts Institutions • The vehicles used for transportation of construction material will be checked if it applies to the Nepal government emission standard and EuroIII. 3. Haphazard disposal of 3.1 Generation of excess Short term Moderate • Mechanism of safe disposal of Contractor solid waste and grease, solid waste and other waste will be developed in the Municipality insanitary condition of construction waste project site before the actual camp due to workers 3.2 Pollution of surrounding commencement of work. environment • Provision of dustbin for solid waste 3.3 Affects on health of local collection. people • Prohibition of unwanted littering and discharge of waste 4. Laying and jointing of 4.1 Obstruction in pedestrian Long term Moderate • Care will be taken while Contractors, pipes along roadside and traffic movement excavating and laying of pipes so 4.2 Removal of excavated that there is minimal vibration and material can affect the local slope disturbances land system (erosion and soil • Excavated soil will be dumped in instability) outer side of trench opposite to roadside and backfilling will be done properly. 5. Intrusion of excavated 5.1 Risk of pollution of other Long Term Small • Spoil management unit to work Contractor soil into surface water streams in the area causing efficiently to avoid the excavated increase in turbidity which may soil from finding its way hamper certain acquatic life downstream to other surface sources and water bodies.
37 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Potential Environmental Responsible S.N Project Activity Duration Magnitude Proposed Mitigation Measures Impacts Institutions 6. Clearing of top soil 6.1 Loss of top soil vegetation Long term Small • Provision of minimization of Contractor vegetation for the and habitat vegetation clearing and careful WUSC construction of major 6.2 Impact on forest and cutting of ground vegetation structures and pipe line agricultaral land • Plantation of tree and shrub where excavations ever possible. 7. Construction related 7.1 Local residents could be Short term Small • Work will be conducted as Contractor activities generating disturbed by noise, dust and quickly as possible to minimize dust, noise etc. impeded access disturbance 7.2 Traffic jam in and around • The residents will be consulted and cronstruction site informed about the disturbances in advance 8. Influx of outside 8.1 Problems due to Short term Moderate • All the workers will be instructed Contractor workforce irresponsible behavior of work to act in a responsible manner force (e.g. gambling, • Possible social gathering shall be alcoholism disrespect to the allowed local people and their culture) • Local people will be employed as far as possible 9. Occupational and 9.1 Risk of accidents to the Short term Significant • A site health and safety plan Contractor Community Health and workers and public including safety measures such as Safety 9.2 Health risk at different personal protective equipment will level to public and workers be included. • First aid will be kept at hand in working area • General public will be excluded from all construction sites • Insurance will be provided to the workers
38 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Potential Environmental Responsible S.N Project Activity Duration Magnitude Proposed Mitigation Measures Impacts Institutions Operation and Maintenance Phase Impacts Use of chlorine and 10.1 Risk of accidents to Long Term Significant • Usage, handling and storage of WUSC, 10. other chemicals as workers due to mishandling of chlorine will be prescribed and reagents for water chlorine guidelines developed treatment 10.2 Over dosage of chlorine • First aid measures will be located may affect public healt as it is in emergencies toxic • Optimal dosage of chlorine so as to have residual chlorine less than 2 ppm in water 11. Disposal of wastes and 11.1 May cause unhealthy Long Term Moderate • Proper management and safe WUSC sludges generated in the environment of the disposal of wastes and sludges water treatment plant surroundings acccording to SWMA 2068 11.2 Affect public health developed in the project area around the project area
39 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project E. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS
109. The aim of the project is to provide safe and sufficient water supply to the residents of Narayan municipality in Dailekh district. The various alternatives to achieve the objectives of the project with minimum impact to the environment are presented in the following sub-sections.
1. System Alternative
110. Narayan Municipality being a hilly region, water supply system using ground water as water source is not feasible. Rain water harvesting is also not feasible, as there is not much rain fall and that too concentrate within short period of monsoon only. But there are few rivers or streams (bigger or smaller) from where water can be used for the water supply system in the service area. Hence this system being feasible, reliableand sustainable has been choosen for the service area.
2. Project Design Alternatives
111. The proposed project has been formulated to provide reliable and continuous water supply in adequate quantity and of good potable quality to the consumers. In order to achieve, that a new system is needed to be designed with additional sources of water, increased distribution network, treatment plant and enhanced storage facilities which needed to be integrated with existing system, which is to be improved as it is of rural in nature and not treated, providing cross connected distribution network.
112. Few potential surface water sources are available to supply water to Narayan Municipality, namely Lohare Khola, Sahare Khola, Mul Khola and others. These sources are little bit far away from the service area but being parennial, relaible, having sufficient discharge, almost pollution less, need least treatment, with no dispute over the source and less downstream riparian issues, are available for the service area. Among them, Lohare Khola can be used as lift option only, as it lies at elevation lower than service area, thus requires pumping thereby incurring high operational cost. Thus this is not in priority and not liked by consumers. Other rivers can be used as gravity option to supply water to service area. Among them Mul Khola seems to be most appropriate consedering accessibility, reliability etc.
3. Project Site Alternatives
113. No significant adverse environmental impacts are found with the present location of the project. The source is located inside the forest and no settlements are around the source thereby reducing the chance of pollution of the source. The location of the treatment site has been finalized after consultation with the local community and distribution lines are fixed where with minimum impacts on the environment.
40 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
4. Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials
114. The work involved is labor intensive and minimum use of mechanical equipment is involved. Most of the construction work will be done by labor force which will produce minimum environmental impacts. Trained manpower will be used so that there is minimum disturbance of the local system and no health and safety hazards to workers will arise. As far as possible, local people will be employed to make the chances of conflict minimal
115. The working procedures proposed are participatory one and the beneficiaries will be actively participating in all phases of the project. Raw materials (local and non local) that will be used in the project will be handled properly not to have adverse environmental impact in the service area. All necessary mitigation process will be applied not to produce negative impact on environment of the project area.
5. No Project Option
116. The No-project alternative prevents the implementation of the project. Such action will impede the local people of the area from having the facility of safe and sufficient drinking water and also living in sanitary environment. If the project is not implemented, the people will have to continue depending upon the existing unreliable water supply system which are not safe for drinking purpose. It also limits the chances of socio-economic development of the area.
117. On the other hand, if the project is implemented, the people of the area not only benefit from the supply of safe and sufficient drinking water but also improve their health and hygiene conditions. The project implementation will create job opportunities, thereby improving the socio-economic condition of the local people and help in improving their quality of life. . The Implementation of the proposed project will produce only negligible and insignificant environmental impacts. The do- nothing option will be able to avoid some minor environmental impacts; however, difficulty of having safe and reliable water supply; remoteness and poverty of the area will remain intact.
41 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project F. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
118. One of the important objectives of IEE is to facilitate the participation of all the stakeholders and general public right from pre-construction phase of the project to its operation. Several consultations were held with the locals in the project area to understand their views of the project and to get their consensus.
119. The project has involved a variety of concerned groups, including non-governmental organizations, line agencies, community based organizations and local people while preparing the IEE report. After the TOR was approved from MOUD on 13 February 2011, a notice was published in the Rajdhani daily on 6 March 2011 informing the local people and stakeholders about the project and to obtain suggestions about the possible environmental impacts and likely mitigation measures during the implementation of the project. A copy of the notice was also displayed at concerned VDC office, local school, health posts and other public places (Refer Annex 2)
120. During the field survey Focused Group Discussion were held with the local people and public meeting was held in local area to understand the public attitude and views and to get consensus of the project. Written forms of suggestions were collected during the meeting and from relevant government agencies. The recommendation letters from the concerned agency has been attached in Annex 4. During the public consultation, the project objectives were explained and people were requested to give their opinions and suggestions. The lists of key people contacted are given in Annex 5.
121. The main issues raised during the public consultation were regarding-
• Information dissemination of the project (SSTWSSP) • Roles and responsibilities of WUSC and community and other stakeholders • Required cash contribution and modality of project: WUSC and community were fully aware of it and they are ready to cooperate with the team and others during implementation of the project • Reconfirmation of service area delineation: It was confirmed during the meeting that there is no change in service area which had been demarcated during feasibility study. • Resurvey of Transmission line: The decision was taken to resurvey the transmission main because, the transmission line is very long (about 33 km) and comes across a portion of vertical cliff (about 3 km) from where pipe line has to be laid. Therefore to reconfirm the pipe alignment and to bypass the cliff, resurvey has been done. If the source is shifted to some other place at higher altitude it may be possible to bypass the cliff. • Acquisition of land: All the land required for the construction of various infrastructures such as intake structures, reservoirs, treatment plants and others are to be possessed or acquired prior to commencement of the construction work. • Source dispute: There is no any type of dispute in the source. • Laying of distribution line in the bazaar area: Laying of distribution line along the bazaar area would be a big problem as the road is narrow and 15cm thick concrete pavement has already been paved. For this the decisions have been made, that
42 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
wherever necessary dismantle or breakdown of the pavementto lay the pipe including house connections and rebuilt the trench to bring to the original condition will be done. • WUSC office building: WUSC do not have its own office building. One such building was felt necessary to WUSC. So provision willbe made in cost estimate of the project. • Reduction of project cost: The decision made on this is that as the project cost is estimated to be very high beyond the affordability of the users, the project cost needs to be reduced wherever possible without hampering the project works.
122. Draft IEE was sent to DWSS and ADB for review and comments. After incorporating the comments and suggestions from all the concerned stakeholders, final IEE report will be prepared and sent to MOUD for approval.
123. The information about the project is disclosed not just by active participation of stakeholders during public consultation process but also formally by making the related material available in a form and at a location that is easily accessible to the stakeholders. This normally involves making the draft reports available (in local language) at public locations in the community and providing a mechanism to obtain the comments and suggestions back from the community. ADB encourages governments to upload all the documents into their website. The Executive Summary of the IEE study is to made public through depository library system and ADB websites. The full IEE of the proposed project is posted on ADB website and also made available to the interested parties upon request.
43 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project G. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
124. The project also aims to facilitate a grievance and redress mechanism to address the environmental and social concern of the community who are affected by the project activities. The proposed project doesn’t involve resettlement of any community, and a Resettlement Plan that addresses the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is not necessary. However, all the stakeholders are to be made aware of the project-specific GRM so that there is an appropriate channel of communication and a formalized procedure to settle dispute
125. The process requires a GRM committee to be established as a local level to assure accessibility to the Affected Person or Stakeholder. The committee should consist of members with sufficient knowledge about the project, with technical know-how and expertise and someone aware about the socio-cultural dynamics of the community. The GRM requires that issues and comments are first lodged with the local level GRM committee for handling of grievances at project site. The GRM committee should conduct their meeting within 3 weeks of receipt of complaint and solution needs to be provided at meeting or within 3 weeks. Also the WSSDO works under the guidance of DWSS and PMO regarding any sort of GRM at local level.
126. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, the GRM committees need to submit it to the PMO. The PMO with assistance from Environmental Specialist and WUSC experts should resolve the grievance. If the grievance cannot be solved by the PMO, it will be referred to the VDC and district DWSS. And if the grievance cannot be resolved even by VDC and DWSS, the case will be referred to court of law to adjudicate the matter.
44 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Figure 4: Grievance Redress Mechanism
Affected Person
Grievance/Complaint
GRM Committee
Redress Grievances PMO
Environmental WUSC and social safeguard Specialists VDC
DWSS
Court of Law
45 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project H. MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMETN PLAN (EMP)
1. Mitigation and Monitoring
127. Environmental Monitoring is necessary to check the implementation of environmental measures in a manner that had been prescribed earlier and to ensure that the project activity complies to the environmental protection standards. Monitoring can be done before the project construction begins (Baseline Monitoring); during the construction and operation phase (Impact Monitoring) and periodically even after completion of the project activity (Compliance Monitoring).Construction and operation phase monitoring of the mitigation measures will mainly consider the following impacts due to
• Construction phase: Soil erosion; sedimentation and slope stabilization; vegetation clearing; change in hydrology of surface waters; water, air and noise pollution; solid waste; land intake compensation; health, safety and sanitation of the work force; and traffic management • Operation phase: Drinking water treatment operations; discharge of waste water into surface waters; and quality of drinking water supplies
128. Some of the baseline monitoring that needs to be done before the start of the construction activities so as to compare the results before and after the construction works are as follows:
• Monitoring of air quality and noise levels (vibration) before and during the construction work • Water quality analysis of the nearby streams (Rime khola, Kali khola) in order to examine the physical, chemical and biological quality of the water. • Water quality analysis of the shallow water hand pumps and wells at various places that is used by the local people
129. The Monitoring Plan is designed in a way that it has been approved and monitored by the contractor who ensures that the mitigation measures are followed during the construction period. It also requires regular and periodic monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during the project operation over the years following project completion. A detailed monitoring plan giving the mechanisms of monitoring for the environmental impact and the mitigation measures are given in the following table.
46 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Table 16: Environmental Monitoring Schedule (Numbering follows the serial numbers of the impact Table16)
Parameters / Responsible for S.N. Impacts Mitigation Measures Indicators to be Location Frequency Monitoring Monitored WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT Construction Phase Impacts 1. − Unorganized • Precautionary measures will • Contractor • Construction Daily • DSC disposal of be taken during construction records sites excavated earth to avoid cave in • Contractor • • − Soil erosion, silt • Reuse of excavated soil and Quantity of soil At the time of • WSSDO runoff backfilling of trenches will remained trench digging − Pollution of surface be done • Disposal site water • Safe disposal of excavated − Deterioration of air soil • Dust in the Air quality due to dust • Sprinkling of water to avoid − Disturbance to the dust • Signboards pedestrians • Temporary diversions and signboards will be provided for the pedestrians 2. − Noise pollution • The workers exposed to 80- Contractor records Construction As needed • DSC/ − Air pollution due to 85 dB noise level will be site • release of emissions provided with ear plugs. Contractor from vehicles and • The equipments will be • Proponent others equpments checked by technicians used in the project before the commencement works of work and working in night shift with equipments producing high noise will be prohibited.
47 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
• The construction material will be covered during transportation to avoid dust generation • The vehicles used for transportation of construction material will be checked if it applies to the Nepal government emission standard and Euro III 3. − Generation of excess • Mechanism of safe disposal • Contractor Construction Daily, • DSC, grease, solid waste of waste will be developed records site Monthly • and other in the project site before the • Amount and WSSDO construction waste actual commencement of disposal of solid • Municipaliy − Pollution of nearby work. waste irrigation canals and • Provision of dustbin for water bodies solid waste collection. • Prohibition of unwanted littering and discharge of waste 4. − Obstruction in • Care will be taken while • Contractor • Construction Daily Contractor, pedestrian and traffic excavating and laying of records sites DSC movement pipes so that there is • Uneven surfaces • Roadside − Removal of minimal vibration and slope • Pavement excavated material disturbances demolition can affect the local • Excavated soil will be land system (erosion dumped in outer side of and soil instability) trench opposite to roadside and backfilling will be done properly
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5. − Risk of pollution of Spoil management unit to Contractor records Project area Weekly Contractor other streams in the work efficiently to avoid the area causing increase excavated soil from finding in turbidity its way downstream to other surface sources and irrigation canals. 6. − Loss of vegetation • Provision of minimization • Cleared area • Construction • Yearly • Contractor and habitat of vegetation clearing and • Afforested area, site • weekly • WUSC careful cutting of ground numbers of trees • Project area vegetation planted • Plantation of tree and shrub where ever possible 7. − Local residents • Work will be conducted as • Contractor • Construction • Monthly • DSC could be disturbed quickly as possible to records site • WSSDO by noise, dust and minimize disturbance • Communication • Project area • Contractor impeded access • The residents will be with local consulted and inform about people the disturbances in advance 8. − Problems due to • All the workers will be • Behavior of • Construction • Weekly • Contractor, irresponsible instructed to act in a workers camp WUSC behavior of work responsible manner • force (e.g. gambling, • Possible social gathering Uses of alcohol, disrespect to the shall be allowed records of fights local area and • Local people will be • Local survey people) employed as far as possible
49 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
9. − Risk of accidents to • A site health and safety • Use of helmet, • Construction • Daily • Contractor the workers and plan including safety mask, gloves, site public measures such as provision boots first aid • Monthly • DSC of personal protective box, sign boards • equipment will be included etc. WSSDO • First aid will be kept at hand in working area • General public will be excluded from all construction sites • Insurance will be provided to the workers O&M Phase Impacts 10 − Risk of accidents to • Usage, handling and storage • Contractor • Distribution • Weekly • WUSC, workers and of chlorine will be records site • As needed WSSDO mishandling of prescribed and guidelines • First aid box chlorine. developed • First aid measures will be located in emergencies 11 − Risk of creation of • Sludges generated is not so • Quality of sludge • Treatment site • As needed • WUSC unhealthy harmful generated environment and • Proper management and public health hazard safe disposal of sludgess due to haphazard hall be done according to disposal of sludges SWMA 2068
50 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
2. Environmental Procedures and Institutions
130. Institutions have a crucial role to play during monitoring. There should be firm institutional commitment by the agencies responsible for monitoring. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) is in charge of environmental control and management for all sector agencies. The Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) has the overall responsibility for environmental monitoring of all water supply and sewerage projects. In case of an EIA, it has to be finally approved by MOE. In case of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), the final approval lies with MOUD.
131. The different agencies involved in the Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project are as explained in the following table.
Table 17: Institution Involved in the Proposed Project S.N Organization Roles and Responsibilities 1. Ministry of Urban Development It is the executive agency for the implementation of (MoUD) Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project. It is responsible for monitoring of project design, construction and operation activities according to the approved IEE report. It is also responsible for approving the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the IEE and approving the IEE studies. 2. Department of Water Supply and DWSS is the implementing agency for the SSTWSSP. It Sewerage (DWSS) is responsible for ensuring that all the environmental measures to be adopted during different phases of project implementation and operation have been fully adhered to. It is also responsible for water quality monitoring. 3. Project Management Office (PMO) PMO under DWSS implements the project. It ensures that all the mitigation measures prescribed by approved IEE have been fully adopted. It acquires permits and approval for project construction and assists WUSC on source registration and transfer of land ownership. It also ensures that responsibilities of other stakeholders are incorporated as per agreements. 4. Town Development Fund (TDF) TDF provides funding to the WUSC. It ensures that necessary environmental screening and assessments have been carried out during the funding decisions. 5. Water Supply and Sanitation WSSDO under the guidance of DWSS and PMO Division Office (WSSDO) implements the project with day to day monitoring and supervision. It ensures that all the mitigation measures incorporated in the final design of the project prescribed by approved IEE have been fully adopted. It also ensures that the responsibilities of other local stakeholders are incorporated as per agreement. 6. Water User and Sanitation WUSC is responsible for forming member based water Committee (WUSC) user group and registering it. It is responsible for ensuring the implementation of environmental measures recommended especially during the construction and operation phase. Activities such as public awareness on sanitation and maintaining record of the water quality data are some of its responsibilities. 7. Design and Supervision Consultant DSC is responsible for conducting the feasibility study and (DSC) detailed design. It ensures that all the mitigation measures are incorporated in the final design of the system and the environmental prescriptions are being met by the
51 Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project construction contractor. 8. Contractor It is responsible to ensure that the mitigation measures are specified during the construction
132. Apart from the above mentioned agencies, there are other institutions that are directly and indirectly involved in the project and during the IEE studies. Local bodies such as District Development Committee (Dailekh), Municipality (Narayan) and Village Development Committees help in disseminating information about the project to local people and related stakeholders and in giving permits to conduct the IEE studies.
Monitoring Costs
133. Most of the monitoring cost for the proposed project isrelated to the expenses for experts for observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases of the project. The following monitoring costs are to be incurred by the project.
Table 18: Monitoring Cost Expert Team Monitoring Cost MD Rate Amount Environmental Management Specialist 1 100000 100000 Sociologists 1 75000 75000 Support Staff 2 20000 40000 Cost for monitoring by MOUD/DWWS LS 200000 Transportation and others LS 40000 Total 455000
3. Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures
134. In parallel to the suggested mitigation measure, it is important to encourage opportunities to enhance the project and its elements so as to have minimal environmental disturbance. The proposed project has both positive and negative impacts and the present stage gives an opportunity to enhance these positive features through innovative measures. Some of such potential environmental measures include:
• Ensuring resource mobilization and participation of the local community to develop a sense of ownership and empowerment of the project • Determining roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders and institutions to promote effective coordinated action • Providing training and awareness program in health and sanitation issues; water cost and usage; environmental pollution and waste management • The local youth clubs and NGO within the municipality should be mobilized to monitor the environment in areas affected by project activity and report back the problems to PMO.
4. Reporting Procedures
135. For an effective implementation of mitigation measures and Environmental Management Plan, it is necessary to have a mechanism in place to report the entire mitigation operation plus the reports on progress and status of each mitigation conducted.
52
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project 136. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during project construction phase. The contractor should develop an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on EMP. The contractor has to report weekly about the progress of its work together with day-to-day practical aspect of project implementation to the DSC. It is suggested that a team comprising of WUSC member and contract workers be established at the onset of the project to make periodic reporting to the DSC.
137. The DSC then has the responsibility of ensuring that all the procedures and final design that includes the mitigation measures are followed. DSC has the responsibility to check the weekly progress report of the contractor and field verify whether the implementation of mitigation measures have been conducted as decided in the EMEP or not.
138. DSC then has the responsibility to prepare and environmental monitoring report based on the weekly progress report of the contractor. DSC has to report the status of the project and the monitoring report to the PMO for its review. PMO should then forward the monitoring report to review by the Environmental Specialist of the DSC. 10 copies of the reports should be submitted to PMO every month, which should be distributed to the responsible agencies for review. The Environmental Specialists of the DSC should then review the comments and suggestions from the various authorities and act accordingly.
139. Monthly progress reports, including bi-annual and annual reports on the implementation of EMP should be produced on a regular basis. The report should contain information of all the activities conducted within the given time including the cases of non-compliance. A feedback mechanism of reporting will be developed and based on the results of monitoring; the Environmental Management Plan will be adjusted accordingly.
Mitigation Costs
140. Most of the costs related to the mitigation and monitoring activities are either included in the construction cost estimation in accordance with the contract specification or covered in the Operational and Maintenance costs and thus are not detailed here.
141. Further funds are needed mainly for developing the capacity and facilities of the WUSC for environmental monitoring and for conducting environmental training and awareness campaigns. The estimations are presented in the following table.
Table 19: Tentative Cost of Mitigation for Some Impacts Estimated S.N. Activities Remarks (NRs) 1. Provision of safety measures to workers 1,00,000 During construction period 2. Training for WUSC staff 20,000 During operation period -Water quality testing -Chlorine handling and management During construction and operation 3. Environmental Awareness Campaigns 30,000 periods
53
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project
5. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
142. The cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are described in the section 5.3 and G.1.a. as shown in thefollowing Table22. Cost of mitigation measures directly linked to the construction activities (such as erosion control measures) are not included in the cost estimates as most of these are already included in the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the project.
143. An independent Third Party Monitoring environmental consultant will be hired once a year for the duration of the Project to monitor whether the EMP of the Project has been effectively implemented.
Table 20: Annual cost for EMP S.N. Item Cost 1. Mitigation Budget Provision of safety measures to workers 1,00,000 Training for WUSC staff 20,000 Water quality testing 10,000 Chlorine handling and management 10,000 Environmental Awareness Campaigns 40,000 2. Monitoring Budget Environmental Management Specialist 1,00,000 Sociologists 75,000 Support Staff 40,000 Cost for monitoring by MOUD/DWWS 2,00,000 Transportation and others 40,000
Total 9,05,000
6. Work Plan
144. Before operation, PMO/DSC, with the help of its Environmental Specialists will develop detailed work plans for implementing mitigation measure and monitoring plans based on EMP. These plans will be incorporated into the project contracts.
145. Before construction, PMO will develop a detail responsibilities and requirements for contractors and will provide a detail cost estimates of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring in construction contracts
146. Before operation, PMO will develop detailwork plans for environmental management and monitoring during operation based on the EMP which will be submitted to the concerned persons to help them supervise implementation
147. The EMP implementation schedule is given in the following figure for a period of 2 years
54
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project Figure 5: Implementation Schedule of the Project
55
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project I. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
148. Considering the nature of the project; environmental and socio-economic situation of the area are based on the detail field survey and consultation with the relevant stakeholders, it can be concluded that the proposed Narayan Municipality Water Supply and Sanitation Project will have only minor negative impacts on the physical, biological and socio-cultural aspects of the area. The impacts are mostly local in nature and can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable mitigation measures and regular monitoring schedules.
149. The implementation of the project will have several beneficial impacts to the people of Narayan municipality in Dailekh district. The local people will benefit from safe and sufficient supply of drinking water and have improved sanitary situation. All this will significantly raise the living standard of the people in the Narayan municipality.
150. From this IEE study it can be seen that the beneficial impacts of the proposed project outweighs the negative impact and thus full scale EIA is not required. Both in terms of GoN requirement and ADB’s requirement, a full scale EIA is not required and IEE is sufficient.
151. The present IEE study with various environmental mitigation and monitoring plan is recommended. It is proposed that the information suggested in the IEE report will be well utilized in next phases of work and monitoring plan followed up.
56
Initial Environment Examination on Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Water Supply and Sanitation Project REFERENCES
ADB (2009), Safeguard Policy Statement. Asian Development Bank
HMG/N (1996), Environmental Protection Act (with amendments). His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
HMG/N (1997), Environmental Protection Rules (with amendments). His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
57
ANNEXES
Annex1 Approved Terms of Reference
Annex 2 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA)
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist WATER SUPPLY
Instructions:
(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.
(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: Nepal/ Narayan Municipality Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Division:
Ye SCREENING QUESTIONS No REMARKS s A. Project Siting Is the project area
Densely populated? Densely populated in market × area and others are scattered and rural in character Heavy with development activities? Only small developmental × activities like building construction and so are going on Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive × areas? No cultural heritage site within Cultural heritage site × or nearby the project area × No any protected area within or Protected Area nearby the project area No wetland area within or Wetland × nearby the project area No mangrove area within or Mangrove × nearby the project area No estuarine area within or Estuarine × nearby the project area No buffer zone within or nearby Buffer zone of protected area × the project area
Ye SCREENING QUESTIONS No REMARKS s No special area for protecting Special area for protecting biodiversity × diversity within or nearby the project area No any bay within or nearby the Bay × project area B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause… Pollution of raw water supply from upstream Since the abstraction of raw wastewater discharge from communities, industries, water being surface water, there agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? may be possibilities of pollution × due to community and soil erosion but not from industries, agriculture etc as the source is very far and isolated Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and All pipes will pass through road loss/damage to these sites? side and no any industrial/cultural × monuments/area will be damage by the project within the project area. hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground Surface water is used, no ground × water pumping? water social conflicts arising from displacement of Communities will not be × communities ? displaced conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply As source is far from the habitat with other beneficial water uses for surface and area and there is no source × ground waters? dispute and no community owns the source unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive Water quality after treatment, pathogens or mineral constituents)? × meeting with NDWQS standard will be supplied delivery of unsafe water to distribution system? Treatment facility is provided to × ensure quality of supplied water inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading Intake site will be protected by to pollution of water supply? × constructing boundary wall and fencing work over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization No groundwater being used only × and ground subsidence? surface water will be used. excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? Only treated water will be × collected and reservoir will be
cleaned periodically increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities Most of the household have their of community facilities? own toilet and not connected to × drain. Conceptual design of
waste water management has been prepared
Ye SCREENING QUESTIONS No REMARKS s inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment As water quality is as per plants? × NDWQS standard only minor sludge will be produced inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment Water is supplied through plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances × gravity. Treatment plant will not and protect facilities? make noise and other nuisance impairments associated with transmission lines and Transmission line passes × access roads? through roads health hazards arising from inadequate design of Trained manpower will be used facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of to receive, store and handling of × chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. chlorine. Adequate measures will be taken to store it properly. health and safety hazards to workers from handling Only chlorine will be used as and management of chlorine used for disinfection, disinfectants. Required training other contaminants, and biological and physical will be provided to handle it hazards during project construction and operation? × properly and trained manpower will be deployed Therefore health and safety hazard to workers will not arise dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? No resettlement of people × required disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and All households will have their children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable own private tap. Besides this, groups? × these people will get opportunity to work and earn during project implementation noise and dust from construction activities? During construction some noise may be created and some dust may be produced but this will be × managed to minimize using appropriate construction practices increased road traffic due to interference of During excavation and back construction activities? filling of pipe trench traffic × interference may occur for short period. Traffic management will be taken care of continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction The project area being hilly one, operations? usually during excavation of pipe trench, soil erosion may × occur but in small quantity. This will be taken care of during construction.
Ye SCREENING QUESTIONS No REMARKS s delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment Regular monitoring of plant processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) operation will be carried out. and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate Trained manpower will be monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution deployed through users systems? committee for O&M of the × project. One well equipped lab will be established to check water quality on regular basis. Hence these type of problem do not arise. delivery of water to distribution system, which is Regular monitoring of plant corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of operation will be carried out. corrective chemicals? Trained manpower will be deployed through users committee for O&M of the × project. One well equipped lab will be established to check water quality on regular basis. Hence these type of problem do not arise accidental leakage of chlorine gas? × Chlorine gas is not being used excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream Only required quantity of water × water users? will be abstracted competing uses of water? No such possibilities exist. All × will get water for all time since system is continuous increased sewage flow due to increased water supply Most of HHs have their own toilet and conceptual design of × structures for waste water management has been done increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking Volume of sullage and sludge and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment may increase in small quantity. plant It may not cause serious problems large population influx during project construction and Population will be increased as operation that causes increased burden on social per the anticipated population infrastructure and services (such as water supply and growth rate. No need to hire sanitation systems)? people from outside during × construction period. Local people will be used as far as possible. Skilled manpower if not available locally may be hired from outside.
Ye SCREENING QUESTIONS No REMARKS s social conflicts if workers from other regions or Since local people will be sued countries are hired? for the implementation of the × project as far as possible, such conflict may not arise risks to community health and safety due to the No need to use explosive and transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials other danger chemicals. Fuel × such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during will be properly stored. operation and construction? community safety risks due to both accidental and Proper safety measures and natural hazards, especially where the structural precaution will be adopted elements or components of the project are accessible during construction period. The to members of the affected community or where their × project structures will be made failure could result in injury to the community inaccessible providing throughout project construction, operation and compound wall and fencing or decommissioning? few structure underground
Annex 3 Public Notice
(As on Rajdhani, 06 March 2011)
Annex 4 Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka)
Annex 5 Recommendation Letters from Concerned Authorities
Annex 6 List of Persons Contacted
S.N. Name Designation Address 1 Balaram Shrestha Chair person, WUSC Narayan Municipality, Dailekh 2 Padam Bahadur Gurung Vice chair person, WUSC Narayan Municipality, Dailekh 3 Bharat Bahadur Thapa Secretary, WUSC Narayan Municipality, Dailekh 4 Indra Bahadur Thapa Contact person, Narayan Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Municipality 5 Padam Sapkota Program Officer, Narayan Narayan Municipality, Dailekh Municipality 6 Sabitri Malla Advisor, WUSC Narayan Municipality, Dailekh 7 Min Bahadur Sharma Member, WUSC Narayan Municipality, Dailekh 8 Mr. Ratna Singh Local Bhabarsain tole, ward no. 8 9 Mr. Tul Bahadur Thapa Local Bhabarsain tole, ward no. 8 10 Ms. Jaya Pd. Kafle Local Chhana tole, ward no. 4 11 Ms. Amrita Bogati Local Rana tole, ward no.2 12 Ms. Lilawati Rana Local Rana tole, ward no.2 13 Mr. Top Bdr. Shahi Local Pati kanla, ward no. 5 14 Mr. Kul Bdr. Adhikari Local Pati kanla, ward no. 5 15 Ms. Kalawati G.C. Local Hadsaine tole, ward no. 1 16 Mr. Arjun Baduwal Local Ganesh tole, ward no. 6 17 Mr. Ser Bdr. Thapa Local Kalimati, ward no.3 18 Ms. Rupa Ramtel Local Bhagwoti tole, ward no. 1 19 Mr. Bir Singh Sunwar Local Tundikhel, ward no. 1
Annex 7 Survey Questionnaire
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;fOsn÷l/S;f @ Dff]6/;fO{sn # a}nuf8f $ sf/÷lhk % ldgLa;÷a; ^ 6«ofS6/÷6«s & /]l8of]÷Sof;]6 * 6]lnlehg÷lel8of];]6 ( :6f]e÷Uof; r'nf] !) /]lk|mh]6/ !! jfl;Ë d]lzg !@ jf6/ lkmN6/ !# sDKo'6/ !$ Od]n÷OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr !% cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ . !=!* olb d'n k]zf s[lif eP slt dlxgf vfg k'U5< # dlxgf ^ dlxgf!@ dlxgf olb gk'u ePdf s;/L wfGg' x'G5 < k;n÷3/ef8f tnj k]G;g cGo !=!( tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s vr{ slt 5 pNn]v ug'{xf]; . vr{sf] lzif{s / lsl;d dfl;s vr{ ?= s}lkmot -s_ s[lif tkm{ /;folgs dn, ljp, ls6gfzs cfbL vl/b ug{ Dff6f]sf] t}of/L, /f]Kg], uf]8\g], afnL sf6\g], leqfpg], cGo eP -pNn]v ug'{;\_ -s_ sf] hDdf -v_ u}x| s[lif tkm{ vfBfGg -cGg / b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'_ sk8f lzIff 3/ ef8f÷3/ dd{t oftfoft÷;+rf/ ljB't kfgL kf]t ÷dd{t ;Def/ Cf}{iflw÷pkrf/ -kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]u_ ======jflif{s vr{ Cf}iflw÷pkrf/ -cGo /f]u_ ======jflif{s vr{ cGoM rf8ka{ sd{sf08 ;+:sf/ cflb pNn]v ug]{ ======jflif{s vr{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v sf] s'n hDdf !=@) tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t dfl;s cfo slt 5 < pNn]v ug'{xf]; . ;+nUg kl/jf/ k|fKt x'g] cfo qm=;+= cfo;|f]t s}lkmot k'?if dlxnf -?= dfl;s_ ! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! s[lif pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 cfo !=@ kz'hGo pTkfbg -b'w, bxL, £o", afv|f, -s_ sf] hDdf @ -v_ u}x| s[lif tkm{ @=! gf]s/L ÷ hflu/ @=@ Hofnf dhb'/L @=# k]G;g÷pkbfg cfbL @=$ j}b]zLs /f]huf/ -/]ld6]G;_ @=% k;n÷Jofkf/ @=^ pBf]u @=& k;n÷3/ ef8f @=* uf8L÷9'jfgL Joj;fo @=( cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v s'n hDdf !=@! oxfFsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} 7'nf] C0f af]Sg' k/]sf] 5 < 5 5}g @= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkg @=! tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] nfuL vfg, vfgf ksfpg, g'xfpg, efF8fjt{g tyf n'uf w'gsf nfuL k|of]u ul/g] kfgLsf] >f]t Pp6} xf] < xf] xf]Og @=@ tkfO{sf] vfgkfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t sxFf 5 < 3/ sDkfp08 leq} ;fj{hlgs :yndf @=# tkfO{sf] kl/jf/n] lkpg, vfgf ksfpgsf] nfuL k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] >f]t s'g xf]< b}lgs slt ln6/ kfgL vr{g' x'G5 < s[kof tnsf] sf]7fdf-V_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ln6/÷ ln6/÷ qm=;+= jiff{ofddf V ;'Vvf ofddf V b}lgs b}lgs != O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á @= O{gf/÷s'jf -9Ssg ePsf]_ Á Ogf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ePsf]_ Á #= 6\o"a]n÷x\of08kDk Á 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk Á $= l8k 6\o"a]n Á l8k 6\o"a]n Á %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] Á O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] Á ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á &= lghL wf/f Á lghL wf/f ] Á *= d"n, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L Á d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L Á (= laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ Á laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ Á !)= jiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ Á aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ Á !!= cGo Á cGo Á !@= yfxf 5}g Á yfxf 5}g Á @=$ b}lgs vfg]kfgL cfjZos k"lt{ kfgL ;+sngaf/] lgDg lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ . jiff{ ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf qm=;+= ljj/0f k'?if dlxnf aflnsf Affns k'?if dlxnf aflnsf afns != slt v]k÷k6s @= ln6/÷v]k #= s'n kl/df0f $= kfgL Nofpg nfUg] ;do - ldg]6_÷v]k • kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd k'Ug • d'xfgdf kv{g' kg]{ ;do • kms{bf nfUg] ;do %= k|lt v]k nfUg] ;do gf]6 M cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] kfgLsf] efF8f] x]/L ;f]sf] Ifdtf olsg ul/ pNn]v ug]{ . @=% efF8f dfem\g, g'xfpg / n'uf w'g tyf cGo sfdsf] nfuL s'g >f]ts]f kfgL k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < slt kfgL vkt ug'{x'G5< s[kof XlrGx nufpg'xf];\ . qm= ln6/÷ ln6/÷ jiff{ofdddf V ;'Vvf ofddf V ;+= b}lgs b}lgs != O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á @= O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt Á O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt Á #= 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt Á 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt Á $= l8k 6\o"a]n Á l8k 6\o"a]n Á %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] Á O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] Á ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á &= 3/s} lghL wf/f Á 3/s} lghL wf/f Á *= D"fn,vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L Á d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L Á (= kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ Á kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ Á !)= cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ Á cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ Á !!= cGo Á cGo Á !@= Yfxf 5}g Á Yfxf 5}g Á @=^ n'uf w'g / g'xfpg 3/af6 kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd hfg slt ;do nfUb5 . -olb >f]t÷d'xfg 5'§f5'§} ePdf ;do -ldg]6df_ pNn]v ug]{_ s_ n'uf w'g hfg] g'xfpg efF8f dfem\g v_ jiff{ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6 ;'Vvf ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6 @=& olb wf/fsf] kfgL oxfFsf] cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ug{ kof{Kt 5}g eg] s;/L cfk'lt{ ug'{ x'G5< kl/df0f kfgLsf] >f]t vr{g' kg]{ ;do -306f_ b}lgs Yfk vr{ dfl;s ln6/ s'jf Ogf/ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng lghL 6}+s/af6 kfgL lsGg] Xf08\ kDk,6\o'jj]n ldgn/ jf6/ hf/ cGo @=* ufO{a:t'sf] nflu rflxg] kfgL s'g >f]taf6 slt dfqfdf pkef]u ug'{x'G5 . s_ k|of]u ePsf] ;|f]t====== v_ kl/df0f -ln6/÷b}lgs_ ====== u_ >f]t;Dd hfg cfpg nfUg] ;do -ldg]6_======#= lghL wf/f h8fg #=! s] tkfO{n] 3/df kfOk wf/f h8fg ug'{ ePsf] 5 <5 5}g olb 5 eg] slt vr{ nfUof]< ?= #=@ s] tkfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f hf]8\g rfxg' x'G5 v_ sDkfp08leq lghL wf/f u_ ;fd'bflos wf/f #=# olb tkfOsf] 3/df lghL wf/f h8fg ePsf] 5}g eg], lsg h8fg gu/]sf] < s_ vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf]n] v_ h8fg z'Ns w]/} kg]{ ePsf]n] u_ dfl;s kfgL lan w]/} cfpg] ePsf]n] 3_ kfgLsf] dfqf kof{Kt gePsf]n] ª_ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ lgoldt gePsf]n] r_ o; If]qdf kfOknfOg h8fg ug{] Joj:yf pknAw gePsf]n] 5_ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf]n] h_ cGo sf/0f pNn]v ug]{ em_ yfxf 5}g #=$ xfn tkfO{n] kfghL wf/f afkt uPsf] dlxgfdf kfgLsf] dxz'n slt ltg'{ eof] < ? #=% uPsf] dlxgfdf lt/]sf] lan b]vfpg ;Sg' x'G5 < -lan pknJw eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f eg]{_ s_ lt/]sf] /sd ? v_ vkt ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf ln6/ #=^ kfgLsf] lan s'g cfwf/df ltg'{x'G5 v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë adf]lhd u_ vfg]kfgL sfof{non] eg] hlt 3_ ltg'{ kb]{g ª_ cGo r_ yfxf 5}g #=& tkfO{nfO{ kfgLsf] lan ltg{ s'g tl/sf dg k5{ < s_ lglZrt tf]lsPsf] dfl;s z'Ns v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë lan cg';f/ #=* 3/sf] wf/fdf kfgL gcfpFbf klg kfgL dxz'n ltg'{ k5{ < k5{ kb}{g #=( lghL wf/fsf] kfgL afx]s tkfO{n] slxn] yk kfgL lsGg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 < jiff{ofddf ln6/ ;'Vvfofddf ln6/ kb}{g #=!) lghL:t/sf kfgL laqm]tfaf6 lsGbf slt kl/df0f s'g b/df kfgLlsGg' ePsf] 5< ln6/ ?= ÷k|lt ln6/sf] b/ ?= #=!! tkfOsf] 3/sf] wf/f slt e/kbf]{ 5 < s_ kfgL lg/Gt/ cfp5 v_ kfgL slxn] cfpF5 / slxn] cfpFb}g u_ kfgL Ps lbg la/fP/ cfpF5 3_ kfgL k|To]s lbg s]xL 306f cfpF5 #=!@ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL cj?4 x'bf dd{t ;Def/ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g]{ lhDdf s;sf] xf] < s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ v_ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt u_ ;d'bfo ÷ 5/ l5d]sL 3_ cGo pNn]v ug]{ ======#=!# vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk÷wf/f dd{t ;'wf/sf] nflu jflif{s slt /sd vr{ ug'{x'G5 < u5'{ ulb{g #=!$ ;fj{hlgs wf/f k|of]u u/] jfkt kfgL kf]t ltg'{ k5{< kb}{g k5{ , k5{ eg] slt < /sd dfl;s÷jflif{s #=!% kfgLsf] u'0f:t/M tkfO{n] k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/k|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g olb 5}g eg], kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw ;d:of s:tf 5g < c_ kfgL uGxfpF5 cf_ :jfb g/fd|f] 5 O_ kfgL k|b"lift÷wldnf] 5 O{_ cGo s]lx ;d:of eP pNn]v ug]{ ====== #=!^ o;/L k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ s] ug'{ x'G5 kfgLsf] k|zf]wgsf 3/]n' ljlw Yfk vr{ dfl;s pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ 5fGg] Snf]l/g -lko';_, cfnd, kf]6f; o'/f] uf8{ ;f]l8; cGo ;x–nufgL cjwf/0ff ;DaGwL k|fyldstf $=! olb tkfO{sf] gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;= df ljleGg of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /sd pknAw 5 eg] lgDglnlvt dWo] s'g s'g @ of]hgfnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 < s_ ;8s aQL 3_ c:ktfn v_ sfnf]kq] ;8s ª_ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL u_ ljBfno r_ k}bnofqL ;8s 5_ ljB't `_ l;rfO{ h_ ;+rf/ 6_ kf6Lkf}jf wd{zfnf em_ ;/;kmfO{÷;'ljwf 7_ cGo ======$=@ olb tkfO{ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ 7fGg' x'G5 eg], s:tf] lsl;dsf] vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] rfxgf ug'{ ePsf] 5 < s_ 3/÷ sDkfp08leq} JolQmut÷lghL wf/f h8fg u_ z'Ns ;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos wf/f h8fg 3_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, x\of08kDk hl8t ª_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, ljB'tLo oGq hl8t r_ xfn pknJw ;]jfdf ;'wf/ cfjZos 5}g 5_ cGo -pNn]v ug'{xf];\_======$=# olb tkfO{sf] 3/df wf/f 5}g / lghL wf/f /fVg OR5's x'g'x'G5 eg], slt /sd ;x–nufgL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < s[kof tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf lglh wf/f /fVg slt /sd ;Dd nufgL ug'{x'G5 nufgLsf] /sdsf] ;Ldfdf XlrGx nufpg'xf]; . qm=;+= nufgLsf] ljj/0f X lrGx nufpg] != !%))) eGbf dfyL @= ())! b]lv !%))) ;Dd #= ^))! b]lv ())) ;Dd $= #))! b]lv ^))) ;Dd %= !%)! b]lv #))) ;Dd ^= !%)) eGbf sd $=$ lghL wf/f h8fg afkt nfUg] z'Ns Joxf]g'{ kg]{5< dGh'/ 5 dGh'/ 5}g $=% gofF vfg]kfgL of]hgf z'? ePdf / ;f] of]hgfaf6 rf}lj;} 306f kof{Kt dfqfdf u'0f:t/o'Qm kfgL pknJw ePsf] v08df s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5's x'g' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's eP gofF lgodfg';f/ dfl;s kfgL dxz'n lgoldt a'´fpg' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's x'g' x'G5 eg] tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf kfgL dxz'nsf] ;Ldfdf XlrGx nufP/ cfkm\gf] O{R5f JoQm ug'{xf]; . qm=;+= Dffl;s kfgL dxz'n X lrGx nufpg] != ? %)) eGbf dfyL @= ? $%! b]lv %)) #= ? $)! b]lv $%) $= ? #%! b]lv $)) %= ? #)! b]lv #%) ^= ? @%! b]lv #)) ^= ? @)! b]lv @%) &= ? !%! b]lv @)) $=^ gofF vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf x'g tkfO{sf] kl/jf/af6 klg k|ltj4tf :j?k clu|d /sd of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, oxfFsf] ljrf/df slt k|ltzt of]ubfg x'g ;S5< nfutsf] %Ü !)Ü !%Ü $=& gofF ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwf -;fd'bflos zf}rfno tyf ;txL 9n_ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;x nufgL :j?k !%Ü :yfgLo lgsfo / pkef]Qmfn] ;xnufgL ug{ OR5's x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g olb rfxg'x'G5 eg], slt ;Dd< $=* oxfFnfO{ geO gx'g] tyf eP /fd|f] x'g] k|fylds cfjZostf s'g xf]< lghL wf/f h8fg lghL rkL{ lgdf{0f b'j} %=n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu dfq ;f]lwg] k|Zgx?_ s_ dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt / ;xefuLtf %=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{ s'g} a}7s af]nfO{Psf] lyof] < lyof] lyPg %=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof] < lyof] lyPg olb lyof] eg] dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] lyof] < ;'Gg] dfq cGtlqm{ofTds lg0ff{os %=# cfof]hgfsf] lqmofsnfkx?sf] /]vb]v ug{ s] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;ldlt÷;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g %=$ vf=kf=p=;=;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo] slt dlxnf ;b:ox? 5g\< -cGtjf{tf lng] JolQmn] vf=kf=p=;=;=l;t ;ldltsf] kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL tyf tnlj sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L pknJw u/fpg] _ v_ n}lËstfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ljefhg %=% tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] sfdx? cS;/ s:n] ug]{ ub{5<(√)lrGx nufpg';\ b}lgs 306fdf qm=;+ 3/fol; lqmofsnfkx? k'?if Dflxnf s'n ;do ! Vffg]kfgL eg]{, af]Sg], e08f/0f / k|of]u ug]{ @ efG5f tof/ ug]{, ef8fF dfem\g # Affnaflnsf / j[4j[4fsf] :ofxf/ $ n'uf w'g] 3/ ;kmf ug]{ % vfBfGg e08f/0f tyf tof/L ^ cGo u_ kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfkg, cfo >f]t / cGo ljifodf dlxnfx?sf] lgoGq0f / kx'Fr %=^ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt kfl/jf/Ls ljifo jf If]qx?df lg0f{o ubf{ oxfFsf] 3/ kl/jf/df dlxnf÷k'?ifsf] egfO{sf] ;'g'jfO{ x'G5 < pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\ qm=;+ ljifo jf sfo{If]qx? x'G5 (√) x'b}g (√) ! cfly{s ;/f]sf/sf s'/fx? @ s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff lbIff # s]6fs]6L / j[4j[4fsf] :jf:Yo / :ofxf/ $ crn ;Dklt lsgj]r -3/ hUuf_ % b}lgs lqmofsnfkx? ^ ;fdflhs ljlw Jojxf/, ljjfx, at{jGw, rf8kj{ tyf ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls ;';DjGwg cflb & cGo %=& oxfFsf] kl/jf/df kfl/jf/Ls ;Dkltsf lgDg ljifodf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 5}g tnsf] tflnsfdf pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\ qm ;+ ljj/0f kx'Fr :jfldTj ! hUuf hldg @ 3/ tyf cGo ;+/rgfx? # rn ;Dklt÷;l+rt k};f $ B}lgs lqmofsnfkx? % cGo 3_ vf=kf=p=;=;= tyf ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] :t/ -x}l;ot_ -lgDg a'Fbfx? cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] u/]sf] cjnf]sgsf cfwf/ x'g]5 _ qm;+ ljifo pRr dWod lgDg ! cfTd;Ddfgaf]w @ cfTdljZjf; g]t[Tj zLk # bfloTjaf]w / Ifdtf $ Nofst, ts{ ;+ut, w}o{ / d]xgt % cGo ^= ;d ljsf;df kx'Frsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGgju{sf,] cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt tyf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{sf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;f]Wg] k|Zgx?_ s_ cfof]hgf lqmofsnfkdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{x?,hfthflt, blnt, ckfËtf ePsf]JolQmsf] pkl:ylt ^=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{] s'g} e]nf÷a}7sdf ;dfj]zL tj/n] af]nfO{Psf] lyof] < lyof] lyPg ^=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof]< lyof] lyPg ^=# s] vf=kf=p=;=;=sf] u7gdf ;dfj]zLtf c+uLsf/ ePsf] lyof]< lyof] lyPg v_ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;dfj]zL k|s[of ckgfPsf] lyof] < ^=$ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ hfthfltx?sf] s:tf] e"ldsf s:tf] lyof] < pRr dWodlgDg ^=% ;fgf ;x/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL cfwf/df pkef]Qmfx?sf] kl/rfng ug{ ePsf] k|of; s:tf] lyof]< /fd|f] dWodlgDg &= :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO s= vfg]kfgL ! tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ g/fd|f] -v/fa_ ePdf s] ;d:ofx? b]lvg ;S5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b'u{Gw cfpg] ÷ gld7f] :jfb !=@ bfFt ljlu|g]÷/+uLg] !=# la/fdL agfpg] !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ====== @= s] tkfO{FnfO{ kfgL eg]{ / /fVg] efF8f] kfgL eg'{ / e08f/ ug'{ k"j{ ;kmf ug'{k5{ eGg] yfxf 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg], kfgL /fVg] efF8f] s;/L ;kmf ug'{ x'G5 < vfnL kfgL dfqn] v/fgL kfgLn] e';÷lk7f] / kfgLn] ;fa'g kfgLn] cGo -pNn]v ug'{;\_ ====== #= tkfO{ 3/df kfgL s;/L /fVg' x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ #=! kfgL eg'{ klxn] efF8f ;kmf ug]{ #=@ af;L kfgL km\ofFSg] #=# kfgL /fVg] efF8f] /fd|f];Fu 9fs]/÷5f]k]/ /fVg] #=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_====== $= tkfO{ ufu|f] jf 3}+6f]af6 kfgL s;/L lgsfNg'x'G5 < $=! kfgL ;fg'{ cl3 cDvf]/f, nf}6f, s?jf, du wf]P/ $=@ lunf;, du, sk ufu|Ldf 8'afP/ $=# ufu|f]af6 nf]6f, c+Dvf]/f, s?jf, lunf;df kfgL ;f/]/ $=$= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======v= rkL{ != rkL{ k|of]usf kmfO{bfx? s] s] 5g\ < -PseGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! a'9f, afns tyf la/fdLnfO{ ;'ljwf !=@ 3/ tyf jftfj/0f ;kmf x'g] !=# uf]Kotf x'g] !=$ /f]uaf6 arfj6 x'g] !=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_====== @= s] tkfO{FnfO{ lb;faf6 /f]u ;5{ eGg] nfU5 < nfU5 nfUb}g olb nfU5 eg], dflg;sf] lb;faf6 ;g]{ /f]ux?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ < ====== #= s] tkfO{Fsf] 3/df rkL{ 5 < 5 5}g #=! olb 5 eg], s:tf] k|sf/sf] rkL{ 5 < ! vfN8] rkL{ @ e]lG6n]6]8 vfN8] rkL{ # jf6/ l;n÷kf]/ km\n; $ l;:6g{ km\n; % cGo ====== #=@ olb 5 eg], tkfOF{sf] 3/df rkL{ s;s;n] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < -!= ;a}n], @= aRrf afx]s ;a}n] #= jo:s / k|f}9n] dfq} $= lj/fdL dfq}n]_ #=# olb 5}g eg], lsg rkL{ gagfpg' ePsf] xf] < -s= agfpg] tl/sf yfxf geP/, v= nufgL ug{ g;s]/, u= v'Nnf d}bfgdf lb;f ug]{ afgL eP/, 3= hUufsf] cefjn] ª cGo -pNn]v ug]{+_======_ #=$ olb 5}g eg,] lb;f ug{ sxfF hfg'x'G5 < -s= Vff]nf÷hËn÷lsgf/ v= v'Nnf d}bfg÷7fpF u= 3/÷;8s 5]p 3= hxfF ;lhnf] x'G5_ #=% olb 5}g eg], rkL{ agfpg slt nufgL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 < ?= u= vfg]s'/fsf] ;/;kmfO != vfBkbfy{ b"lift x'gaf6 s;/L arfpg'x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg;Sg]_ !=! ksfPsf] vfgf 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg] !=@ af;L aRg] u/L w]/} gksfP/ !=# sfFr} vfOg] vfg]s'/f /fd|f];Fu kvfn]/ wf]P/ dfq vfg] !=$ xft uf]8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq efG;fdf k;]/ !=% ;kmf xftn] vfgf k:sg] !=^ 8f8' kGo', yfn÷efF8fs'F8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq vfgf k:sg]÷vfg] !=& r'nf] rf}sL ksfpg] ef8f, 9sgx? ;kmf /fVg] !=* w]/} af;L jf ;8] un]sf kmnkm'n t/sf/L gvfg] @= s] tkfO{ vfg]s'/f 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg'x'G5 < /fV5' /flVbg olb /fVg'x'G5 eg], To;af6 s] s] kmfObfx? 5g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ @=! w'nf] d}nf], lem+uf, ;fËnf, ls/f, tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'kG5Laf6 arfj6 @=@ d";f÷5'r'Gb|f]÷dfp;'ln÷la/fnf]af6 aRg @=# vfB k|b'if0faf6 x'g] /f]uaf6 aRg @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======hLjghn agfpg] tl/sf yfxf 5 5}g ;f]Wg], olb yfxf ePdf ;lx tl/sfn] hLjghn agfpg] . hLjghn agfpg] ;lx tl/sf lgDgcg';f/sf] 5 . != klxnf ;fa'g kflgn] xft ;kmf ug]{, @= lrof lunf;sf] ^ lunf; -Ps ln6/_ kfgL Pp6f ;kmf efF8f]df xfNg] -olb kfgL pdfn]sf] ePdf ;]nfpg lbg]_, #=hLjghnsf] Ps Kofs]6leq ePsf] w'nf] k"/} kfgLdf xfnL kfgLnfO{ /fd|/L rnfP/ w'nf]nfO{ 3'Ng lbg] . 3= JolQmut ;/;kmfO != tkfO{F / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] / s] u/]kl5 xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g] eP o:tf] -V_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if qm=;+= lqmofsnfk w'g] -V_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -V_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -V_ gw'g] -×_ ! vfgf vfg' cl3 @ vfgf vfPkl5 # lb;f uPkl5 $ kmf]x/ d}nf 5f]Pkl5 % sfdaf6 kms]{kl5 ^ s]6fs]6LnfO{ lb;f lk;fj u/fO ;s]kl5 & cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ @= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] s] n] xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g]df o:tf] -V_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g]df o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . % jif{ d'lgsf qm=;+= lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if w'g] -V_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -V_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -V_ gw'g] -×_ != kfgL dfq} @= v/fgL kfgL #= e';÷lk7f] kfgL $= ;fa'g kfgL %= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ hDdf #= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] slxn] g'xfpg'x'G5 < g'xfpg] eP o:tf] -V_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gg'xfpg] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . qm=;+= k|lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if -V_ -×_ -V_ -×_ -V_ -×_ != k|To]s lbg @= Ps lbg la/fP/ #= xKtfdf @ k6s $= xKtfdf ! k6s %= @ xKtfdf ! k6s ^= dlxgfdf Ps k6s hDdf ª= kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg != tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nf sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < !=! 3/ glhs vfN8f]df !=@ lghL kmf]x/ ;+sngstf{nfO{ lbg] !=# uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsfn] Joj:yf u/]sf] vfN8f] jf Sofgdf !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======@= 7f]; tyf t/n kmf]x/ j:t'nfO{ cJojl:yt tl/sfn] lj;h{g ugf{n] x'g] g/fd|f c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ @=! kmf]xf]/ jftfj/0fdf j[l4 @=@ nfdv'§], lem+uf, ls/fx?sf] j[l4 @=# /f]u ;g]{df j[l4 @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======#= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgL sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < #=! vfN8f]df(Soak pit) #=@ t/sf/L af/Ldf÷s/];f af/Ldf #=# ;fj{hlgs 9ndf #=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======r= j:t'efpsf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg != s] tkfO{n] a:t'efp kfNg' ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g -olb 5}g eg] kfgL hGo ;?jf /f]udf hfg]_ olb 5 eg] s'g s'g k|sf/sf 5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ sxfF /fVg' x'G5 < qm= ;+= a:t'efpsf] k|sf/ 3/leq} /fVg] aflx/ 5'§} uf]7df /fVg] ! ufO{÷e}+;L @ a+u'/÷;+u'/ # afv|f $ s'v'/f÷xfF; % cGo @= a:t'efpaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ sxfF / s;/L lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < @=! dnvfbdf @=@ cfuf] afNg]÷u'OF{7f agfpg] @=# uf]j/ Uof; KnfG6df k|of]u ug]{ @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======#= j:t'efpsf] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] hyfeflj cJojl:yt tj/n] lj;h{g ubf{ x'g] v/fj c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ #=! jftfj/0fL kmf]xf]/df j[l4 x'g] #=@ nfdv'§,] lem+uf, ls/fx?s]f j[l4 x'g] #=# /f]uAoflw j9\g] tyf ;g]{ #=$ ufFp, 5/l5d]s tyf gu/ czf]elgo b]lvg] #=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======5= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]ux? != kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]usf] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b"lift kfgL k|of]u ubf{ !=@ b"lift vfgf vfFbf !=# 3/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf kmf]x/ a9\gfn] !=$ dflg;sf] dnd"q hyfefjL km\ofSg] ubf{ !=% kmf]xf]/ d}nf hyfefjL km\ofFSg] ubf{ !=^ :jf:Yo lzIff tyf :j:y afgLsf] cefj !=& ;/;kmfO{ / :jf:Yo ;DjGwL 1fg / r]tgfsf] cefjn] !=* cGo ====== @= tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/df sf]xL la/fdL k/]df s] ug'{x'G5 <-k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_ @=! 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{ @=@ wfdL, emfFqmL, k'hf/L sxfF nfg] @=# cf}iflw k;ndf hfg] @=$ :Jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg] @=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ #= olb kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfu]df s] ug'{x'G5 < -k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_ #=! hLjghn v'jfpg] #=@ 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{ #=# wfdL, emf+qmL jf k'hf/L sxfF hfg] #=$ cf}iflw k;ndf hfg] #=% :jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg] #=^ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_====== $= ut Ps jif{leq kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? tnsf /f]ux? dWo] s'g s'g /f]uaf6 lj/fdL eP< -df]la{l8l6 sf] l:ylt_ %= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df kfgLhGo lgDglnlvt ;?jf /f]uaf6 sf]lx lj/fdL k/]sf] lyof]< tnsf] tflnsfdf ;+Vof pNn]v ug'{;\ . % jif{ d'lgsf jflif{s qm= ;+= /f]u dlxnf k'?if afnaflnsf vr{?= ! emf8fkvfnf @ cfpF # h'sf $ 6fO{kmfO{8 % x}hf ^ 5fnf ;DaGwL /f]u & cf}nf]/f]u -dn]l/of_ * sdnlkQ -h08L;_ ( cGo hDdf ^= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{sf kl/jf/df sf]xL emf8f kvfnf tyf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?af6 d[To' ePsf] 5 < -d[To' cj:yf_ /f]u % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if emf8f kvfnf cfpF kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux? hDdf &= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ emf8fkvfnf / kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?sf] pkrf/df slt /sd vr{ ug'{ eof] < Vfr{ /sd -?=df_ /f]u @))) ;Dd @))!—#))) #))!—%))) %))) eGbf dfly emf8fkvfnf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux? hDdf ;xof]usf nfuL wGojfb! Annex 8 Water Supply Master Plan of Narayan Municipality, Dailekh District Annex 9 Water Quality Test Report Annex 10 Photographs Photo 1: WSSDO Building at Dailekh Photo 2: Treatment Plant Site Photo 3: Sedimentation Unit Photo 4: Existing Pipeline Photo 5: Members of WUSC Plant Site Photo 6: Way to Treatment