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Reserva De La Biósfera Sierras La Giganta Y Guadalupe

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Reserva De La Biósfera Sierras La Giganta Y Guadalupe ESTUDIOReserva PREVIO de la Biosfera JUSTIFICATIVO Sierras La Giganta y Guadalupe PARA LA DECLARATORIA COMO ÁREA NATURAL PROTEGIDA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRAS LA GIGANTA Y GUADALUPE Junio 2014 Estudio Previo Justificativo para el establecimiento del área natural protegida Página 1 Reserva de la Biosfera Sierras La Giganta y Guadalupe D I R E C T O R I O Cítese: Ing. Juan José Guerra Abud Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Secretario de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Protegidas, 2014. Estudio Previo Naturales Justificativo para el establecimiento del área natural protegida de competencia de la Federación con la categoría de Mtro. Luis Fueyo Mac Donald Reserva de la Biosfera “Sierras La Comisionado Nacional de Áreas Naturales Giganta y Guadalupe”, en el estado de Protegidas Baja California Sur, 297 páginas, incluyendo 4 anexos. Biól. David Gutiérrez Carbonell Encargado de Despacho de la Dirección General El presente Estudio Previo de Conservación para el Desarrollo Justificativo (EPJ) toma como base el documento presentado a la Comisión Biól. Benito Rafael Bermudez Almada Nacional de Áreas Naturales Director Regional Península de Baja California y Protegidas por la Sociedad de Pacifico Norte Historia Natural Niparajá, A.C. con la participación de: Biol. César Sánchez Ibarra Director Encargado de Representatividad y Comisión Nacional de Áreas Creación de Nuevas Áreas Naturales Protegidas Naturales Protegidas: César Sánchez Ibarra, Lilian Irasema Torija Lazcano, Eder J. Saldaña Martínez y Laura Martín del Campo. REVISÓ Sociedad de Historia Natural Niparajá, A.C.: Meredith Cecilia de la ___________________________ Garza Teviño, Francisco Javier Olmos Biol. César Sánchez Ibarra Director Encargado de Representatividad y García, Gabriela Anaya Reyna, Creación de Nuevas Áreas Naturales Protegidas Marina Hirales Cota, Roberto López Espinoza de los Monteros, José Luis AUTORIZÓ León de la Luz, Patricia Galina, Con fundamento en el artículo 75, fracción VII del Patricia Cortez, Sergio Álvarez, Reglamento Interior de la SEMARNAT, publicado en Diario Oficial de la Federación el 26 de noviembre de 2012. Michelinne Cariño, Lorella Castorena, Emigdio Z. Flores, Aarón Esliman Salgado, Miguel Angel de la Cueva, ___________________________ Diana Bermúdez, Yven Echeverria, Biol. David Gutiérrez Carbonell Antonio Martínez de la Torre, Carlos Director General Encargado de Mandujano y María Luisa Robledo Conservación para el Desarrollo Mejía. Estudio Previo Justificativo para el establecimiento del área natural protegida Página 2 Reserva de la Biosfera Sierras La Giganta y Guadalupe CONTENIDO INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................ 9 Objetivos para el establecimiento de un Área Natural Protegida ........................ 10 Objetivo del Estudio Previo Justificativo ......................................................... 11 I. INFORMACIÓN GENERAL ..................................................................... 11 a) Nombre del área propuesta ...................................................................... 11 b) Entidad federativa y municipios en donde se localiza el área ........................ 11 c) Superficie............................................................................................... 13 d) Vías de acceso ........................................................................................ 13 e) Mapa que contenga la descripción limítrofe ................................................ 16 f) Nombre de las organizaciones, instituciones, organismos gubernamentales o asociaciones civiles participantes en la elaboración del estudio. .......................................................................................... 16 II. EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL .................................................................. 18 a) Descripción de los ecosistemas, especies o fenómenos naturales que se pretenden proteger................................................................................ 18 Características físicas ............................................................................ 18 Características biológicas ....................................................................... 67 b) Razones que justifiquen el régimen de protección ....................................... 81 c) Estado de conservación de los ecosistemas, especies o fenómenos naturales .............................................................................................. 89 d) Relevancia a nivel regional y nacional, de los ecosistemas representados en el área propuesta .............................................................................. 91 e) Antecedentes de protección del área ......................................................... 94 f) Ubicación respecto a las regiones prioritarias para la conservación determinadas por la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. ..................................................................................... 103 III. DIAGNÓSTICO DEL ÁREA ................................................................ 113 a) Características históricas y culturales ..................................................... 113 Historia del Área ................................................................................. 115 La cultura ranchera ............................................................................. 121 Arqueología ....................................................................................... 124 b) Aspectos socioeconómicos relevantes desde el punto de vista ambiental. ... 132 Dinámica de crecimiento/decrecimiento de la población, 1990-2010 ......... 135 Tipo de hogar ..................................................................................... 138 Características de la vivienda ............................................................... 138 c) Usos y aprovechamientos actuales y potenciales de los recursos naturales ... 148 Uso tradicional de fauna y flora silvestre ................................................ 148 Percepciones sociales en torno a la variación en cantidad de los principales recursos naturales en la sierra ............................................................. 150 d) Situación jurídica de la tenencia de la tierra ............................................. 151 e) Proyectos de investigación que se hayan realizado o que se pretendan realizar .............................................................................................. 155 f) Problemática específica que deba tomarse en cuenta ................................. 161 Sobrepastoreo .................................................................................... 161 Actividad carbonera ............................................................................ 162 Deforestación de oasis ........................................................................ 162 Estudio Previo Justificativo para el establecimiento del área natural protegida Página 3 Reserva de la Biosfera Sierras La Giganta y Guadalupe Desechos sólidos ................................................................................ 163 UMAs ................................................................................................ 164 Especies exóticas e invasivas ............................................................... 166 Falta de vigilancia ............................................................................... 166 Sanidad y problemática ambiental ........................................................ 167 Problemas sociales .............................................................................. 167 Acuiferos sobreexplotados ................................................................... 168 Minería .............................................................................................. 168 g) Centros de población existentes al momento de elaborar el estudio ............ 174 IV. PROPUESTA DE MANEJO .................................................................. 185 Objetivos del área natural protegida y de manejo ......................................... 185 a) Zonificación y subzonificación ............................................................... 185 Zona de amortiguamiento .................................................................... 198 b) Tipo o categoría de manejo .................................................................... 202 c) Administración ...................................................................................... 202 e) Financiamiento ..................................................................................... 204 LITERATURA CITADA ............................................................................ 206 ANEXOS ................................................................................................ 215 Lista de figuras Figura 1. Localización política ..................................................................... 12 Figura 2. Vías de acceso ............................................................................ 15 Figura 3. Descripción limítrofe del área propuesta ......................................... 17 Figura 4. Fisiografía de la RBSGG. Regiones Norte, Centro y Sur..................... 19 Figura 5. Región norte ............................................................................... 20 Figura 6. Hipsometría de las Sierras La Giganta y Guadalupe ......................... 21 Figura 7. Región centro, borde oriental ........................................................ 22 Figura
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